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Jacobucci R, Ammerman B, Ram N. Examining Passively Collected Smartphone-Based Data in the Days Prior to Psychiatric Hospitalization for a Suicidal Crisis: Comparative Case Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e55999. [PMID: 38506916 PMCID: PMC10993130 DOI: 10.2196/55999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital phenotyping has seen a broad increase in application across clinical research; however, little research has implemented passive assessment approaches for suicide risk detection. There is a significant potential for a novel form of digital phenotyping, termed screenomics, which captures smartphone activity via screenshots. OBJECTIVE This paper focuses on a comprehensive case review of 2 participants who reported past 1-month active suicidal ideation, detailing their passive (ie, obtained via screenomics screenshot capture) and active (ie, obtained via ecological momentary assessment [EMA]) risk profiles that culminated in suicidal crises and subsequent psychiatric hospitalizations. Through this analysis, we shed light on the timescale of risk processes as they unfold before hospitalization, as well as introduce the novel application of screenomics within the field of suicide research. METHODS To underscore the potential benefits of screenomics in comprehending suicide risk, the analysis concentrates on a specific type of data gleaned from screenshots-text-captured prior to hospitalization, alongside self-reported EMA responses. Following a comprehensive baseline assessment, participants completed an intensive time sampling period. During this period, screenshots were collected every 5 seconds while one's phone was in use for 35 days, and EMA data were collected 6 times a day for 28 days. In our analysis, we focus on the following: suicide-related content (obtained via screenshots and EMA), risk factors theoretically and empirically relevant to suicide risk (obtained via screenshots and EMA), and social content (obtained via screenshots). RESULTS Our analysis revealed several key findings. First, there was a notable decrease in EMA compliance during suicidal crises, with both participants completing fewer EMAs in the days prior to hospitalization. This contrasted with an overall increase in phone usage leading up to hospitalization, which was particularly marked by heightened social use. Screenomics also captured prominent precipitating factors in each instance of suicidal crisis that were not well detected via self-report, specifically physical pain and loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings underscore the potential of passively collected data in understanding and predicting suicidal crises. The vast number of screenshots from each participant offers a granular look into their daily digital interactions, shedding light on novel risks not captured via self-report alone. When combined with EMA assessments, screenomics provides a more comprehensive view of an individual's psychological processes in the time leading up to a suicidal crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Jacobucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Brooke Ammerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nilam Ram
- Departments of Communication and Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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2
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Shen FX, Baum ML, Martinez-Martin N, Miner AS, Abraham M, Brownstein CA, Cortez N, Evans BJ, Germine LT, Glahn DC, Grady C, Holm IA, Hurley EA, Kimble S, Lázaro-Muñoz G, Leary K, Marks M, Monette PJ, Jukka-Pekka O, O’Rourke PP, Rauch SL, Shachar C, Sen S, Vahia I, Vassy JL, Baker JT, Bierer BE, Silverman BC. Returning Individual Research Results from Digital Phenotyping in Psychiatry. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2024; 24:69-90. [PMID: 37155651 PMCID: PMC10630534 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2023.2180109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatry is rapidly adopting digital phenotyping and artificial intelligence/machine learning tools to study mental illness based on tracking participants' locations, online activity, phone and text message usage, heart rate, sleep, physical activity, and more. Existing ethical frameworks for return of individual research results (IRRs) are inadequate to guide researchers for when, if, and how to return this unprecedented number of potentially sensitive results about each participant's real-world behavior. To address this gap, we convened an interdisciplinary expert working group, supported by a National Institute of Mental Health grant. Building on established guidelines and the emerging norm of returning results in participant-centered research, we present a novel framework specific to the ethical, legal, and social implications of returning IRRs in digital phenotyping research. Our framework offers researchers, clinicians, and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) urgently needed guidance, and the principles developed here in the context of psychiatry will be readily adaptable to other therapeutic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis X. Shen
- Harvard Medical School
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Harvard Law School
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mason Marks
- Harvard Law School
- Florida State University College of Law
- Yale Law School
| | | | | | | | - Scott L. Rauch
- Harvard Medical School
- McLean Hospital
- Mass General Brigham
| | | | | | | | - Jason L. Vassy
- Harvard Medical School
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- VA Boston Healthcare System
| | | | - Barbara E. Bierer
- Harvard Medical School
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard
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3
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Lee D, Jiang T, Crocker J, Way B. Social Media Use and Its Concurrent and Subsequent Relation to a Biological Marker of Inflammation: Short-Term Longitudinal Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e46309. [PMID: 38064253 PMCID: PMC10746962 DOI: 10.2196/46309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have examined the impact of social media use (SMU) on mental health, very few studies have examined the association of SMU with health-relevant biomarkers. OBJECTIVE Addressing this gap, we conducted a short-term longitudinal study examining the link between SMU and C-reactive protein (CRP), a biological marker of systemic inflammation predictive of major depression, chronic diseases, and mortality. METHODS We measured college students' weekly amount of SMU for 5 consecutive weeks objectively via the Screen Time app and collected blood samples at baseline and 5 weeks later. RESULTS In separate cross-sectional analyses conducted at phase 1 (baseline) and at phase 2 (5 weeks after baseline), objective SMU had a positive, concurrent association with CRP at both time points. Critically, in a longitudinal analysis, more SMU between phase 1 and phase 2 predicted increased CRP between these time points, suggesting that increased SMU led to heightened inflammation during that period. CONCLUSIONS Although more research is needed to understand why SMU led to higher inflammation, the association between objective SMU and a marker of a biological process critical to physical health presents an intriguing opportunity for future research on social media effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lee
- Department of Communication, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Crocker
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Baldwin Way
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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4
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Cho MJ, Reeves B, Ram N, Robinson TN. Balancing media selections over time: Emotional valence, informational content, and time intervals of use. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22816. [PMID: 38125545 PMCID: PMC10731070 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequencing of information in media can influence processing of content via mechanisms like framing, mood management, and emotion regulation. This study examined three kinds of media sequences on smartphones: (1) balancing positive and negative emotional content; (2) balancing emotional content with informational content; and (3) balancing time spent on and off the media device. Actual media use was measured in natural settings using the Screenomics framework which gathers screenshots from smartphones every 5 s when devices are on. Time-series analyses of 223,531 smartphone sessions recorded from 94 participants showed that emotionally positive content was more likely to follow negative content, and that emotionally negative content was more likely to follow positive content; emotional content was more likely to follow informational content, and informational content was more likely to follow emotional content; and longer smartphone sessions were more likely to follow longer periods of non-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jung Cho
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Byron Reeves
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, USA
| | - Thomas N. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
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5
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Yee AZH, Yu R, Lim SS, Lim KH, Dinh TTA, Loh L, Hadianto A, Quizon M. ScreenLife Capture: An open-source and user-friendly framework for collecting screenomes from Android smartphones. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:4068-4085. [PMID: 36289177 PMCID: PMC9607811 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-02006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As our interactions with each other become increasingly digitally mediated, there is growing interest in the study of people's digital experiences. To better understand digital experiences, some researchers have proposed the use of screenomes. This involves the collection of sequential high-frequency screenshots which provide detailed objective records of individuals' interaction with screen devices over time. Despite its usefulness, there remains no readily available tool that researchers can use to run their own screenome studies. To fill this gap, we introduce ScreenLife Capture, a user-friendly and open-source software to collect screenomes from smartphones. Using this tool, researchers can set up smartphone screenome studies even with limited programming knowledge and resources. We piloted the tool in an exploratory mixed-method study of 20 college students, collecting over 740,000 screenshots over a 2-week period. We found that smartphone use is highly heterogeneous, characterized by threads of experiences. Using in-depth interviews, we also explored the impact that constant background surveillance of smartphone use had on participants. Participants generally had slight psychological discomfort which fades after a few days, would suspend screen recording for activity perceived to be extremely private, and recounted slight changes in behavior. Implications for future research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z H Yee
- Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
| | - Ryan Yu
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Sun Sun Lim
- Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Kwan Hui Lim
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Tien Tuan Anh Dinh
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Lionell Loh
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Andre Hadianto
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Miguel Quizon
- Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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6
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Rocklin ML, Garròn Torres AA, Reeves B, Robinson TN, Ram N. The Affective Dynamics of Everyday Digital Life: Opening Computational Possibility. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:529-540. [PMID: 37744988 PMCID: PMC10514010 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Up to now, there was no way to observe and track the affective impacts of the massive amount of complex visual stimuli that people encounter "in the wild" during their many hours of digital life. In this paper, we propose and illustrate how recent advances in AI-trained ensembles of deep neural networks-can be deployed on new data streams that are long sequences of screenshots of study participants' smartphones obtained unobtrusively during everyday life. We obtained affective valence and arousal ratings of hundreds of images drawn from existing picture repositories often used in psychological studies, and a new screenshot repository chronicling individuals' everyday digital life from both N = 832 adults and an affect computation model (Parry & Vuong, 2021). Results and analysis suggest that (a) our sample rates images similarly to other samples used in psychological studies, (b) the affect computation model is able to assign valence and arousal ratings similarly to humans, and (c) the resulting computational pipeline can be deployed at scale to obtain detailed maps of the affective space individuals travel through on their smartphones. Leveraging innovative methods for tracking the emotional content individuals encounter on their smartphones, we open the possibility for large-scale studies of how the affective dynamics of everyday digital life shape individuals' moment-to-moment experiences and well-being. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-023-00202-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia L. Rocklin
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Byron Reeves
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, 300-A Building 120, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Thomas N. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, 300-A Building 120, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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7
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Robertson RE, Green J, Ruck DJ, Ognyanova K, Wilson C, Lazer D. Users choose to engage with more partisan news than they are exposed to on Google Search. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06078-5. [PMID: 37225979 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
If popular online platforms systematically expose their users to partisan and unreliable news, they could potentially contribute to societal issues such as rising political polarization1,2. This concern is central to the 'echo chamber'3-5 and 'filter bubble'6,7 debates, which critique the roles that user choice and algorithmic curation play in guiding users to different online information sources8-10. These roles can be measured as exposure, defined as the URLs shown to users by online platforms, and engagement, defined as the URLs selected by users. However, owing to the challenges of obtaining ecologically valid exposure data-what real users were shown during their typical platform use-research in this vein typically relies on engagement data4,8,11-16 or estimates of hypothetical exposure17-23. Studies involving ecological exposure have therefore been rare, and largely limited to social media platforms7,24, leaving open questions about web search engines. To address these gaps, we conducted a two-wave study pairing surveys with ecologically valid measures of both exposure and engagement on Google Search during the 2018 and 2020 US elections. In both waves, we found more identity-congruent and unreliable news sources in participants' engagement choices, both within Google Search and overall, than they were exposed to in their Google Search results. These results indicate that exposure to and engagement with partisan or unreliable news on Google Search are driven not primarily by algorithmic curation but by users' own choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Robertson
- Stanford University, Stanford Internet Observatory, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Northeastern University, Network Science Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jon Green
- Northeastern University, Network Science Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damian J Ruck
- Northeastern University, Network Science Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Ognyanova
- Rutgers University, School of Communication & Information, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christo Wilson
- Northeastern University, Network Science Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Boston, USA
| | - David Lazer
- Northeastern University, Network Science Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Cho MJ, Reeves B, Robinson TN, Ram N. Media Production on Smartphones: Analysis of the Timing, Content, and Context of Message Production Using Real-World Smartphone Use Data. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:371-379. [PMID: 37015079 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Although media production is a critical concept in communication theory, we know surprisingly little about the timing, content, and context of individuals' production behavior. Intensive observation and analysis of 94 American adults' smartphone use over 1 week showed that although time spent in producing content was on average only about 6 percent of the amount of time spent on smartphones, the production content was more purposeful, expressive, articulate, condensed, confident, personal, and emotionally charged than consumption content. Analysis of the temporal dynamics of production suggests that the content consumed in the minute before individuals' production began to resemble the subsequently produced content. Other results suggest that content production on smartphones was fragmented, idiosyncratic, and purposeful, highlighting the impact of individuals' quick interactions with media, and the need to develop user-centric theories about how, when, and why individuals produce digital content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Byron Reeves
- Department of Communication, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Thomas N Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Communication, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Psychology Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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9
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Lee AY, Ellison NB, Hancock JT. To use or be used? The role of agency in social media use and well-being. FRONTIERS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2023.1123323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we develop the concept of agentic social media use: a way of engaging with social media that emphasizes having the beliefs, knowledge, and practices to use it intentionally. In comparison to instances of “mindless” social media use, people who use social media agentically do so with a purpose in mind: they leverage the affordances of social media to do things that are meaningful, useful, or satisfying for them. For example, people can use social media to intentionally build or manage their relationships, to seek out and learn new information about their interests, or to craft a positive image of themselves through the content they post. Crucially, however, there are many other valuable uses of social media that may not be considered conventionally productive but are nonetheless deliberate and useful, such as using social media intentionally to relax, unwind, and entertain themselves in an effort to modulate their emotions. To use social media agentically means to (1) hold an agentic mindset about one's relationship with social media, (2) have the knowledge and literacy to understand how to navigate social media effectively, and (3) enact practices that assert control over specific elements of social media use, such as curating content and refining algorithmic recommendation. Approaching social media use from the perspective of agency and intentionality allows us to better understand heterogeneous social media effects and to identify new ways of helping people benefit from these technologies.
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10
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Video-conferencing usage dynamics and nonverbal mechanisms exacerbate Zoom Fatigue, particularly for women. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
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11
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Sun X, Haydel KF, Matheson D, Desai M, Robinson TN. Are mobile phone ownership and age of acquisition associated with child adjustment? A 5-year prospective study among low-income Latinx children. Child Dev 2023; 94:303-314. [PMID: 36056573 PMCID: PMC9780147 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This prospective, longitudinal study examined associations between whether and when children first acquire a mobile phone and their adjustment measures, among low-income Latinx children. Children (N = 263; 55% female; baseline Mage = 9.5) and their parents were assessed annually for 5 years from 2012. Children first acquired a mobile phone at a mean (SD) age of 11.62 (1.41) years. Pre-registered multilevel models tested associations linking phone ownership, phone acquisition age, and the interaction between ownership and acquisition age to levels and changing trends of depressive symptoms, school grades, and reported and objectively assessed sleep. Results showed no statistically significant associations, controlling the False Discovery Rate. Findings suggest an absence of meaningful links from mobile phone ownership and acquisition age to child adjustment.
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12
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Finley JR, Naaz F. Strategic use of internal and external memory in everyday life: episodic, semantic, procedural, and prospective purposes. Memory 2023; 31:108-126. [PMID: 36170048 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2126858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Humans have access to both internal memory (information stored in the brain) and external memory (information stored in the environment). To what extent do we use each in everyday life? In two experiments, participants rated both internal and external memory for frequency of use, dependability, ease of use (Experiment 1), and likelihood of use (Experiment 2) across four purposes: episodic, semantic, procedural, and prospective. Experiment 1 showed that internal memory was favoured for episodic and procedural purposes, while external memory was favoured for semantic purposes. Experiment 2 further clarified that internal memory was favoured for episodic and common procedural purposes, while external memory was favoured for uncommon semantic, uncommon procedural, and far-term prospective purposes. This strategic division of labour plays to the strengths of both forms of memory. Participants also generally rated external memory as more dependable and easier to use. Results support the memory symbiosis framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Finley
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Farah Naaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Gümüş MM, Kukul V. Developing a digital competence scale for teachers: validity and reliability study. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 28:2747-2765. [PMID: 36065300 PMCID: PMC9433515 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-11213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Teachers' digital competence is very significant in terms of integrating digital technologies into the education process. This study aims to develop an up-to-date scale that can determine the digital competencies required for teachers to acquire new skills that arise with the change and development of technology and use them in educational environments. A total of 695 teachers participated in the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the construct validity of the scale. To assess the discrimination index of the items, the lower 27% and upper 27% groups were determined, and the differences between the groups were examined. Internal consistency coefficients were calculated for the reliability analysis. According to the results of the analysis, the developed scale consists of six factors and 46 items, and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the entire scale is 0.975. The factors were identified as "Safety," "Data Literacy," "Problem Solving," "Digital Content Creation," "Communication and Collaboration," and "Ethics," respectively, according to the content of the items. When compared with the DigComp 2.1 framework developed by the European Union, it was determined that the ethical factor emerged differently in this study. As a result, it can be said that the Digital Competency Scale for Teachers is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure teachers' digital competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Murat Gümüş
- Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies, Amasya University, 05100 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Volkan Kukul
- Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies, Amasya University, 05100 Amasya, Turkey
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14
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Urban AC. Mementos from digital worlds: video game photography as documentation. JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jd-01-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeVideo game players, equipped with image capturing and rendering features, are taking photographs within digital worlds. This study examines video game photography as a documentary practice. By considering the experiences of a gamer-turned-photographer, this study offers an initial synthesis of this new document phenomenon and provides considerations for categorizing such photos.Design/methodology/approachTo discover the attributes of video game photography, this study utilized an auto-hermeneutic approach with self-interviewing and picture-sorting techniques. The resulting data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsWithout tangible artifacts to commemorate gaming experiences, photographs empower the player to document and artistically reconstruct moments from purely digital worlds. The three themes from this study's findings – that video game photographs act as (1) vehicles for storytelling, (2) creative trophies, and (3) aesthetic tokens – reveal how personally meaningful documents emerge from this medium. Furthermore, the findings uncover the fuzzy boundaries between play, artwork, and documentation.Practical implicationsThis study explores techniques for categorizing in-game photographs and eliciting gameplay memories. The methods outlined may assist video game researchers, conservators, and archivists with organizing photographs as context materials.Originality/valueBy considering the lived experiences between one individual and their video game photographs, this study expands document theory into the underrepresented hobby of video games.
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15
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Brown O, Smith LGE, Davidson BI, Ellis DA. The problem with the internet: An affordance-based approach for psychological research on networked technologies. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 228:103650. [PMID: 35772312 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The internet is often viewed as the source of a myriad of benefits and harms. However, there are problems with using this notion of "the internet" and other high-level concepts to explain the influence of communicating via everyday networked technologies on people and society. Here, we argue that research on social influence in computer-mediated communication (CMC) requires increased precision around how and why specific features of networked technologies interact with and impact psychological processes and outcomes. By reviewing research on the affordances of networked technologies, we demonstrate how the relationship between features of "the internet" and "online behaviour" can be determined by both the affordances of the environment and the psychology of the user and community. To achieve advances in this field, we argue that psychological science must provide nuanced and precise conceptualisations, operationalisations, and measurements of "internet use" and "online behaviour". We provide a template for how future research can become more systematic by examining how and why variables associated with the individual user, networked technologies, and the online community interact and intersect. If adopted, psychological science will be able to make more meaningful predictions about online and offline outcomes associated with communicating via networked technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Brown
- School of Management, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura G E Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Brittany I Davidson
- School of Management, University of Bath, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - David A Ellis
- School of Management, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
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16
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Girela-Serrano BM, Spiers ADV, Ruotong L, Gangadia S, Toledano MB, Di Simplicio M. Impact of mobile phones and wireless devices use on children and adolescents' mental health: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022:10.1007/s00787-022-02012-8. [PMID: 35705765 PMCID: PMC9200624 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing use of mobiles phones (MP) and other wireless devices (WD) has raised concerns about their possible effects on children and adolescents' wellbeing. Understanding whether these technologies affect children and adolescents' mental health in positive or detrimental ways has become more urgent following further increase in use since the COVID-19 outbreak. To review the empirical evidence on associations between use of MP/WD and mental health in children and adolescents. A systematic review of literature was carried out on Medline, Embase and PsycINFO for studies published prior to July 15th 2019, PROSPERO ID: CRD42019146750. 25 observational studies published between January 1st 2011 and 2019 were reviewed (ten were cohort studies, 15 were cross-sectional). Overall estimated participant mean age and proportion female were 14.6 years and 47%, respectively. Substantial between-study heterogeneity in design and measurement of MP/WD usage and mental health outcomes limited our ability to infer general conclusions. Observed effects differed depending on time and type of MP/WD usage. We found suggestive but limited evidence that greater use of MP/WD may be associated with poorer mental health in children and adolescents. Risk of bias was rated as 'high' for 16 studies, 'moderate' for five studies and 'low' for four studies. More high-quality longitudinal studies and mechanistic research are needed to clarify the role of sleep and of type of MP/WD use (e.g. social media) on mental health trajectories in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Girela-Serrano
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 7th Floor, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Westminster Children and Adolescents Mental Health Services, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, W9 2NW, UK.
| | - Alexander D V Spiers
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit On Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Liu Ruotong
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 7th Floor, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Shivani Gangadia
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 7th Floor, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit On Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Martina Di Simplicio
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 7th Floor, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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17
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Duration, frequency, and time distortion: Which is the best predictor of problematic smartphone use in adolescents? A trace data study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263815. [PMID: 35180248 PMCID: PMC8856513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) during adolescence has been associated with negative short- and long-term consequences for personal well-being and development. Valid and reliable predictors and indicators of PSU are urgently needed, and digital trace data can add valuable information beyond self-report data. The present study aimed to investigate whether trace data (duration and frequency of smartphone use), recorded via an app installed on participants’ smartphone, are correlated with self-report data on smartphone use. Additionally, the present study aimed to explore which usage indicators, i.e., duration, frequency, and time distortion of smartphone use, better predict PSU levels cross-sectionally and longitudinally, one year later. Results from a sample of 84 adolescents showed that adolescents tend to rely on the frequency of smartphone use when reporting on the time they spent with the smartphone. Traced duration of smartphone use as well as time distortion, i.e., over-estimation, are significant predictors of PSU. Methodological issues and theoretical implications related to predictors and indicators of PSU are discussed.
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18
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Griffioen N, Lichtwarck-Aschoff A, van Rooij M, Granic I. From Wellbeing to Social Media and Back: A Multi-Method Approach to Assessing the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Wellbeing and Social Media Use. Front Psychol 2022; 12:789302. [PMID: 35002882 PMCID: PMC8739216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.789302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature concerning the relationship between social media use and wellbeing is inconsistent in its findings, and most research has focused on time spent on social media rather than on what emerging adults do there, with whom and why. Here, we investigated whether momentary social stress affects emerging adults’ social media use, and whether this social media use relates to subsequent changes in wellbeing. We implemented a multi-method paradigm utilising objective and self-report data to investigate how social stress relates to how (much) and why emerging adults use social media. We report on findings based on 114 17–25-year-old emerging adults recruited on university campus. Our findings suggest that social stress does not affect adolescents’ subsequent social media use and that there is no relationship between social media use after stress and changes in momentary wellbeing. Our work illustrates the need for detailed approaches in social media and psychological wellbeing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Griffioen
- Games for Emotional and Mental Health Lab, Behavioural Science Institute, Department of Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke van Rooij
- Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Isabela Granic
- Games for Emotional and Mental Health Lab, Behavioural Science Institute, Department of Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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19
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Elavsky S, Blahošová J, Lebedíková M, Tkaczyk M, Tancos M, Plhák J, Sotolář O, Smahel D. Researching the Links between Smartphone Behavior and Adolescent Wellbeing: The Study Protocol for the FUTURE (WP4) Ecological Momentary Assessment Study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e35984. [PMID: 35258467 PMCID: PMC8941440 DOI: 10.2196/35984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone ownership has increased among teens within the last decade, with up to 89% of adolescents owning a smartphone and engaging daily with the online world through it. Although the results of recent meta-analyses suggest that engaging digital technology plays only a small role in adolescent well-being, parents, professionals, and policymakers remain concerned about the impact that the instant connectivity of smartphones has on adolescent well-being. Objective Herein, we introduce the protocol of a research study investigating the associations between adolescent smartphone use and different facets of well-being (social, physical, and psychological), with the aim to apply innovative methods to address the limitations of existing empirical studies. Methods This 12-month prospective study of adolescents uses a repeated measurement-burst design with the ecological momentary assessment methodology. Adolescents (N=203; age range 13-17 years) complete baseline assessments through online questionnaires, four 14-day intensive data collection bursts, and an online questionnaire at the end of the study. As part of the 4 measurement bursts, adolescent smartphone behavior is assessed objectively by passive data collection of smartphone data logs and through self-reports in short questionnaires administered via a custom-built Android app. Results The protocol describes the study objectives, research tools (including the development of the Android app and specialized software), and process (including pilot studies, the main study, and targets for machine learning approaches). Two of the 203 enrolled participants provided no data during the first data collection burst of the main study. Preliminary analyses of the data from the first data collection burst indicated an acceptable level of compliance (72.25%) with the daily questionnaires. The design of the study will allow for the assessment of both within- and between-person variabilities in smartphone behavior, as well as short-term variation and long-term change in smartphone behavior and how it impacts the indicators of social, physical, and psychological well-being. Conclusions The innovative methods applied in this study (objective smartphone logs, ecological momentary assessment, and machine learning) will allow for a more nuanced assessment of the links between smartphone use and well-being, informing strategies to help adolescents navigate the online world more constructively in terms of the development of their physical, social, and psychological well-being. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35984
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Affiliation(s)
- Steriani Elavsky
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahošová
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michał Tkaczyk
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Tancos
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Plhák
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sotolář
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Smahel
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 44:58-68. [PMID: 34563980 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Literature reviews on how social media use affects adolescent mental health have accumulated at an unprecedented rate of late. Yet, a higher-level integration of the evidence is still lacking. We fill this gap with an up-to-date umbrella review, a review of reviews published between 2019 and mid-2021. Our search yielded 25 reviews: seven meta-analyses, nine systematic, and nine narrative reviews. Results showed that most reviews interpreted the associations between social media use and mental health as 'weak' or 'inconsistent,' whereas a few qualified the same associations as 'substantial' and 'deleterious.' We summarize the gaps identified in the reviews, provide an explanation for their diverging interpretations, and suggest several avenues for future research.
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21
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Pandya A, Lodha P. Social Connectedness, Excessive Screen Time During COVID-19 and Mental Health: A Review of Current Evidence. FRONTIERS IN HUMAN DYNAMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fhumd.2021.684137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With an advancement of digital technology, excessive screen time has become a grave concern. This has pushed researchers and practitioners to focus on digital well-being. Screen time during COVID-19 has further increased as a result of public health measures enforced by governments to curb the pandemic. With the global societies under lockdown, the only medium to stay socio- emotionally connected was the digital one. A lack of comprehensive empirical overviews on screen time in COVID-19 era in the present literature prompted us to conduct this review. The present review attempts to understand the virtual social connectedness, excessive use of digital technology, its consequences and suggest strategies to maintain healthy use of digital technology. Results reveal that screen time has increased drastically during COVID-19. Though there are mixed consequences of prolonged screen time use and blurred understanding between healthy and unhealthy social connectedness over digital media, the suggestions for negative implications on (physical and) mental health warrant a strict need for inculcating healthy digital habits, especially knowing that digital technology is here to stay and grow with time.
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22
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Brinberg M, Ram N. Do New Romantic Couples Use More Similar Language Over Time? Evidence from Intensive Longitudinal Text Messages. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 2021; 71:454-477. [PMID: 34335083 PMCID: PMC8315721 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The digital text traces left by computer-mediated communication (CMC) provide a new opportunity to test theories of relational processes that were originally developed through observation of face-to-face interactions. Communication accommodation theory, for example, suggests that conversation partners' verbal (and non-verbal) behaviors become more similar as relationships develop. Using a corpus of 1+ million text messages that 41 college-age romantic couples sent to each other during their first year of dating, this study examines how linguistic alignment of new romantic couples' CMC changes during relationship formation. Results from nonlinear growth models indicate that three aspects of daily linguistic alignment (syntactic-language style matching, semantic-latent semantic analysis, overall-cosine similarity) all exhibit exponential growth to an asymptote as romantic relationships form. Beyond providing empirical support that communication accommodation theory also applies in romantic partners' CMC, this study demonstrates how relational processes can be examined using digital trace data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Brinberg
- Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
- Corresponding author: Miriam Brinberg; e-mail:
| | - Nilam Ram
- Departments of Communication and Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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23
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Martinez-Martin N, Luo Z, Kaushal A, Adeli E, Haque A, Kelly SS, Wieten S, Cho MK, Magnus D, Fei-Fei L, Schulman K, Milstein A. Ethical issues in using ambient intelligence in health-care settings. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 3:e115-e123. [PMID: 33358138 PMCID: PMC8310737 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ambient intelligence is increasingly finding applications in health-care settings, such as helping to ensure clinician and patient safety by monitoring staff compliance with clinical best practices or relieving staff of burdensome documentation tasks. Ambient intelligence involves using contactless sensors and contact-based wearable devices embedded in health-care settings to collect data (eg, imaging data of physical spaces, audio data, or body temperature), coupled with machine learning algorithms to efficiently and effectively interpret these data. Despite the promise of ambient intelligence to improve quality of care, the continuous collection of large amounts of sensor data in health-care settings presents ethical challenges, particularly in terms of privacy, data management, bias and fairness, and informed consent. Navigating these ethical issues is crucial not only for the success of individual uses, but for acceptance of the field as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zelun Luo
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amit Kaushal
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Albert Haque
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sara S Kelly
- Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Wieten
- Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mildred K Cho
- Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Magnus
- Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Li Fei-Fei
- Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Schulman
- Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Milstein
- Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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24
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Burr C, Morley J, Taddeo M, Floridi L. Digital Psychiatry: Risks and Opportunities for Public Health and Wellbeing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/tts.2020.2977059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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26
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Gijsen V, Maddux M, Lavertu A, Gonzalez‐Hernandez G, Ram N, Reeves B, Robinson T, Ziesenitz V, Shakhnovich V, Altman R. #Science: The Potential and the Challenges of Utilizing Social Media and Other Electronic Communication Platforms in Health Care. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:26-30. [PMID: 31392837 PMCID: PMC6951453 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic communication is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, as evidenced by its widespread and rapidly growing use. In medicine, however, it remains a novel approach to reach out to patients. Yet, they have the potential for further improving current health care. Electronic platforms could support therapy adherence and communication between physicians and patients. The power of social media as well as other electronic devices can improve adherence as evidenced by the development of the app bant. Additionally, systemic analysis of social media content by Screenome can identify health events not always captured by regular health care. By better identifying these healthcare events we can improve our current healthcare system as we will be able to better tailor to the patients' needs. All these techniques are a valuable component of modern health care and will help us into the future of increasingly digital health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette Gijsen
- Department of PediatricsMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Michele Maddux
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral SciencesChildren's Mercy‐Kansas CityKansas CityMissouriUSA
- University of Missouri‐Kansas City School of MedicineKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Adam Lavertu
- Biomedical Informatics Training ProgramStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Graciela Gonzalez‐Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and InformaticsThe Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Human Development & Family StudiesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Byron Reeves
- Department of CommunicationsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics and of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victoria Ziesenitz
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital CardiologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and PharmacometricsUniversity Children's HospitalBaselSwitzerland
| | - Valentina Shakhnovich
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City School of MedicineKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic InnovationChildren's Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Russ Altman
- Departments of Bioengineering and GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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27
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Ram N, Yang X, Cho MJ, Brinberg M, Muirhead F, Reeves B, Robinson TN. Screenomics: A New Approach for Observing and Studying Individuals' Digital Lives. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2020; 35:16-50. [PMID: 32161431 PMCID: PMC7065687 DOI: 10.1177/0743558419883362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study describes when and how adolescents engage with their fast-moving and dynamic digital environment as they go about their daily lives. We illustrate a new approach - screenomics - for capturing, visualizing, and analyzing screenomes, the record of individuals' day-to-day digital experiences. SAMPLE Over 500,000 smartphone screenshots provided by four Latino/Hispanic youth, age 14-15 years, from low-income, racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods. METHOD Screenomes collected from smartphones for one to three months, as sequences of smartphone screenshots obtained every five seconds that the device is activated, are analyzed using computational machinery for processing images and text, machine learning algorithms, human-labeling, and qualitative inquiry. FINDINGS Adolescents' digital lives differ substantially across persons, days, hours, and minutes. Screenomes highlight the extent of switching among multiple applications, and how each adolescent is exposed to different content at different times for different durations - with apps, food-related content, and sentiment as illustrative examples. IMPLICATIONS We propose that the screenome provides the fine granularity of data needed to study individuals' digital lives, for testing existing theories about media use, and for generation of new theory about the interplay between digital media and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilam Ram
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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28
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Whitlock J, Masur PK. Disentangling the Association of Screen Time With Developmental Outcomes and Well-being: Problems, Challenges, and Opportunities. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:1021-1022. [PMID: 31545355 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janis Whitlock
- Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Philipp K Masur
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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