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Jribi W, Bougrine H, Aloui A, Khalfoun J, Souissi N, Mkacher W, El Abed K, Ben Abderrahman A. Morning-evening differences of short-term maximal performance and psychological variables in female athletes. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1402147. [PMID: 38872835 PMCID: PMC11170028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1402147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of time of day on short-term maximal performance and psychological variables in young females. Fifteen active women participated in the study (age: 22 ± 3 years) and completed Hooper and the POMS-F questionnaires subsequently. In a randomized order, they performed a maximum of 30 s cycling exercise at two different times of day: in the morning at 07:00 h and in the afternoon at 16:00 h with a recovery period of 48 h. The digit cancellation test, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) test, and the lower quarter Y balance test were performed at the beginning and at the end of each session. Our results showed that only peak power and mean power (p < 0.01) during the maximum 30 s cycling, reaching distances during the Y-balance (p < 0.05), Jump height in CMJ and SJ (p < 0.01) as well as attention, vigor, and stress scores (all p < 0.01) were higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Our results indicated a daily diurnal variation in short-term maximal performance and mood states in young athletic women with better performance observed during the afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Jribi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Education, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bougrine
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Gafsa, Gafsa University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport, and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ali Aloui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Khalfoun
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Nafaa Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Education, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wajdi Mkacher
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Physiology and Lung Function Testing, Faculty of Medicine Ibn-El-Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Kais El Abed
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Education, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
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Kurtoğlu A, Eken Ö, Aydın E, Çar B, Nobari H. The impact of strategic napping on peak expiratory flow and respiratory function in young elite athletes. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:41. [PMID: 38336766 PMCID: PMC10854142 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory health is a critical determinant of athletic performance, and the utilization of restorative strategies, such as strategic napping, may offer a competitive edge to athletes. This study investigates the effects of nap duration on the respiratory function of young elite athletes who have achieved top rankings national competitions. Participants engage in three test sessions with varying nap durations: no nap (N0), a 25-minute nap (N25), and a 45-minute nap (N45), with a minimum 72-hour interval between sessions. Respiratory parameters including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, Peak Expiratory Flow rate (PEF), Forced Expiratory Flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75%), and Forced Expiratory Time (FET) are assessed. Results reveal a significant enhancement in PEF values following a 45-minute nap (N45) compared to the no-nap control (N0) [F1 - 11=7.356, p =.004, ηp2 = 0.401, (95% CI for difference: -1.56 to - 0.056)], indicating a potential positive influence of napping on maximum expiratory flow rate and, consequently, athletes' respiratory performance. While no significant changes are observed in other respiratory parameters across different nap durations, these findings underscore the potential benefits of strategic napping in optimizing respiratory health in young elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kurtoğlu
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balıkesir, 10200, Turkey
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey
| | - Engin Aydın
- Department of Pediatrics, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balıkesir, 10200, Turkey
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran.
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Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Suppiah H, Ammar A, Clark CCT, Jahrami H, Chtourou H, Driller M. The Impact of Daytime Napping Following Normal Night-Time Sleep on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Meta-regression. Sports Med 2024; 54:323-345. [PMID: 37700141 PMCID: PMC10933197 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daytime napping is used by athletes as a strategy to supplement night time sleep and aid physical performance. However, no meta-analytical overview regarding the impact of napping following a night of normal sleep (7-9 h) on physical performance is available. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daytime napping following normal night-time sleep on physical performance in physically active individuals and athletes. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, SCIELO, and EBSCOhost) were used to search for relevant studies that investigated the impact of daytime napping, following normal night-time sleep, on physical performance in physically active individuals and athletes, published in any language, and available before September 01, 2022. Studies that included assessments of any physical performance measures were included. QualSyst was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS Of 18 selected articles, 15 were of strong quality and 3 were of moderate quality. Compared with no-nap conditions, physically active individuals and athletes who napped experienced an increase in highest distance (effect size [ES] 1.026; p < 0.001) and total distance (ES 0.737; p < 0.001), and a decrease in fatigue index (ES 0.839, p = 0.008) during the 5-m shuttle run test (5MSRT). However, napping yielded no effect on muscle force (ES 0.175; p = 0.267). No effect of napping was found in one study that measured sprint performance and in two studies that measured performance during the 30-s Wingate test. Two of three studies reported an increase in jump performance after napping. Two of three studies reported an increase in repeated sprints after napping. One study reported an increase in upper-body power performance after napping, and napping was beneficial for endurance performance in one of two studies. CONCLUSION Following normal sleep, napping is beneficial for the performance of the 5MSRT, with no significant effect on muscle force. No firm conclusions can be drawn regarding other physical performance measures due to the limited number of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haresh Suppiah
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Matthew Driller
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Bentouati E, Romdhani M, Abid R, Khemila S, Garbarino S, Souissi N. The combined effects of napping and self-selected motivation music during warming up on cognitive and physical performance of karate athletes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1214504. [PMID: 37520834 PMCID: PMC10372344 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1214504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It has been established that napping or listening to motivational music during warm-up is an effective strategy to enhance cognitive and physical performances. However, which could provide better enhancement warrants further investigation. This study aimed to examine the effect of a 30-min nap opportunity (N30), a warm-up with self-selected motivational music (WUMM), and the combination of N30 with WUMM (WUMM + N30) on cognitive and physical performances in karate athletes. Method: In a randomized order, 14 national-level male karate athletes performed four experimental sessions: control, N30, WUMM, and WUMM + N30. Simple (SRT) and choice (CRT) reaction times, selective attention, subjective sleepiness (ESS), mood state (POMS), countermovement jump (CMJ), and karate agility test (KAT) were evaluated before and after an all-out exhaustive task [i.e., the Karate Specific Test (KST)]. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured immediately after the KST. Results: Compared to the control, all interventions improved cognitive outcomes, mood, and sleepiness. No effects on physical performances (CMJ and KAT) were found after N30. Compared to N30, WUMM + N30 improved SRT pre- and post-exercise (pre: p < 0.05, d = 0.72; post: p < 0.001, d = 0.14), CRT (pre: p < 0.001, d = 0.07; post: p < 0.001, d = 0.10), attention (pre: p < 0.05, d = 0.06; post: p < 0.01, d = 0.06), mood (pre: p < 0.001, d = 2.53; post: p < 0.001, d = 0.23), and decreased ESS scores (pre: p < 0.01, d = 1.41; post: p < 0.05, d = 1.18). However, there was no significant difference between WUMM and N30. KST performance was not affected by the experimental conditions. However, the KST-induced performance deficit in CMJ and KAT was smaller following WUMM + N30 compared to WUMM and N30. RPE scores were lower following WUMM + N30 and WUMM. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a combination of listening to self-selected motivational music during warm-up with a 30-min nap could be an effective strategy to enhance cognitive and physical performance decline caused by fatigue induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Bentouati
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Rihab Abid
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Syrine Khemila
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
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Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Hill DW, Hsouna H, Abdessalem R, Ammar A, Hammouda O, Clark CCT, Zmijewski P, Duking P, Driss T, Chtourou H. Physiological response and physical performance after 40 min and 90 min daytime nap opportunities. Res Sports Med 2023; 31:881-894. [PMID: 35611984 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2079979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of 40-min and 90-min naps on performance in the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT) and on various physiological and perceptual measures. Sixteen male athletes (20 ± 3 years, 173 ± 7 cm, 67 ± 7 kg) performed the 5mSRT after a 40-min nap (N40), after a 90-min nap (N90), and in a no-nap, control condition (N0). The 5mSRT involves six repetitions of 30 s of all-out exercise. Total distance (in the six repetitions) and highest distance (in a single repetition) in the 5mSRT were greater after naps than in N0 (p < 0.001), and the total distance, which reflects the anaerobic capacity, was greater in N90 than in N40 (p < 0.05). Physiological and perceptual responses were favourable in both nap conditions (p < 0.01), more so in N90 than in N40 (p < 0.05). Together, the results support the contention that physiological/perceptual responses after napping contribute to improved exercise performance and that longer naps are more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- "Physical Activity, Sport and Health" Research Unit, National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - David W Hill
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- "Physical Activity, Sport and Health" Research Unit, National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- "Physical Activity, Sport and Health" Research Unit, National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire en Neurosciences, Physiologie et Psychologie: Activité Physique, Santé et Apprentissages (LINP2-APSA), UFR STAPS, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Duking
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tarak Driss
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire en Neurosciences, Physiologie et Psychologie: Activité Physique, Santé et Apprentissages (LINP2-APSA), UFR STAPS, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- "Physical Activity, Sport and Health" Research Unit, National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Willmer F, Reuter C, Pramsohler S, Faulhaber M, Burkhardt A, Netzer N. The Effects of Napping on Wakefulness and Endurance Performance in Athletes: A Randomized Crossover Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1414. [PMID: 37374196 DOI: 10.3390/life13061414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Athletes often experience poor sleep quality due to stress, altitude exposure, travel across different time zones, and pre-competition nervousness. Coaches use daytime naps to counteract the negative effects of fragmented nighttime sleep. Napping before competitions has also been used to enhance performance in athletes without sleep problems, with mixed results in previous studies, particularly for endurance performance. Thus, we investigated the effects of napping after partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on endurance performance and wakefulness in athletes. Methods: We recruited 12 healthy and trained participants (seven female and five male) for a randomized crossover study design. The participants underwent two test sessions: a five-hour night of sleep without a nap (noNap) and a five-hour night of sleep with a 30-min nap opportunity (Nap30). Participants recorded their sleep-wake rhythm one week before and during the study using the Consensus Sleep Diary-Core and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to examine their circadian rhythm type. We quantified PSD and the nap with pupillography (pupil unrest index, PUI), a subjective level of sleepiness questionnaire (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS), and polysomnography. After each night, participants performed a maximal cycling ergometry test to determine time to exhaustion (TTE) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max). Results: Participants had an average sleep duration of 7.2 ± 0.7 h and were identified as moderately morning types (n = 5), neither type (n = 5), and moderately evening types (n = 2). There was a significant difference in both sleepiness parameters between the two conditions, with the PUI (p = 0.015) and KSS (p ≤ 0.01) significantly decreased at 5 h and nap compared with only 5 h of sleep. The PUI (p ≤ 0.01) and KSS (p ≤ 0.01) decreased significantly from before to after the nap. However, there was no significant difference in physical exercise test results between the conditions for TTE (p = 0.367) or VO 2max (p = 0.308). Conclusions: Our results suggest that napping after light PSD does not significantly influence endurance performance. We conclude that aerobic performance is a multidimensional construct, and napping after PSD may not enhance it. However, napping is an effective method to increase wakefulness and vigilance, which can be beneficial for sports competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Willmer
- Hermann-Buhl-Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research, 83661 Lenggries, Germany
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claire Reuter
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Pramsohler
- Hermann-Buhl-Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research, 83661 Lenggries, Germany
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja Burkhardt
- Hermann-Buhl-Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research, 83661 Lenggries, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Netzer
- Hermann-Buhl-Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research, 83661 Lenggries, Germany
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- EURAC Research Center, 39100 Bozen, Italy
- Division Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department Medicine, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Mesas AE, Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Martinez-Vizcaino V, Garrido-Miguel M, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Torres-Costoso AI. Is daytime napping an effective strategy to improve sport-related cognitive and physical performance and reduce fatigue? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:417-426. [PMID: 36690376 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between daytime napping and cognitive and physical sport performance and fatigue after normal sleep and partial sleep deprivation (less sleep duration than necessary). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, SportDiscus and PsycINFO databases. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Randomised controlled trials on the effect of daytime napping on sport performance and fatigue available from inception to 2 December 2022. Standardised mean differences (SMD) and their 95% compatibility intervals (CI) were estimated with the DerSimonian-Laird method through random effect models. RESULTS In the 22 included trials, 291 male participants (164 trained athletes and 127 physically active adults) aged between 18 and 35 years were studied. When performed after a normal night of sleep, napping from 12:30 hours to 16:50 hours (with 14:00 hours being the most frequent time) improved cognitive (SMD=0.69, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.00; I2=71.5%) and physical performance (SMD=0.99, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.31; I2=89.1%) and reduced the perception of fatigue (SMD=-0.76, 95% CI: -1.24 to -0.28; I2=89.5%). The positive effects of napping were also confirmed after partial sleep deprivation. Overall, the benefits were higher with a nap duration between 30 and <60 min and when the time from nap awakening to test was greater than 1 hour. CONCLUSIONS After a night of normal sleep or partial sleep deprivation, a daytime nap between 30 and <60 min has a moderate-to-high effect on the improvement of cognitive performance and physical performance and on the reduction of perceived fatigue. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020212272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile - Sede Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ruben Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la Republica Uruguay, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Ana I Torres-Costoso
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha - Campus de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
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Sirohi P, Khan MH, Sharma S, Nuhmani S, Al Muslem WH, Abualait T. A systematic review of effects of daytime napping strategies on sports performance in physically active individuals with and without partial-sleep deprivation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14460. [PMID: 36518294 PMCID: PMC9744144 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep is the body's natural recovery process, restoring routine metabolic and regulatory functions. Various sleep interventions have been developed to facilitate recovery, and athletic performance, and daytime napping are among them. However, due to inconsistencies in studies, it remains unclear whether daytime napping affects sports performance. This article aims to review the effects of daytime napping on various variables of sports performance in physically active individuals with and without partial-sleep deprivation. Methods A systematic search in three clinical databases, namely Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, and Web of Science, was conducted. To be included in the current review, the study should be a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the influence of daytime napping on one or more components of sports performance in healthy adults, 18 years old or older. Results In the accessible data available until December 2021, 1,094 records were found, of which 12 relevant randomized controlled trials were selected for qualitative synthesis. The majority of studies reported favourable effects of daytime napping on sports performance. However, only one study reported no significant impact, possibly due to a different methodological approach and a shorter nap duration. Conclusion Napping strategies optimize sports performance in physically active, athletic populations, benefitting partially sleep-deprived and well-slept individuals, with longer nap durations (~90 min) having more significant advantages. Daytime naps can be considered as cost-efficient, self-administered methods promoting recovery of body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sirohi
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Moazzam Hussain Khan
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Hashem Al Muslem
- Department of Physical Therapy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Abualait
- Department of Physical Therapy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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Yagin FH, Eken Ö, Bayer R, Salcman V, Gabrys T, Koç H, Yagin B, Eken İ. A Thirty-Minute Nap Enhances Performance in Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Tests during and after Ramadan Observance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14699. [PMID: 36429417 PMCID: PMC9690990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a 30 min nap (N30) on the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) both during and after Ramadan. Ten physically active kickboxers (age: 21.20 ± 1.61 years, height: 174.80 ± 4.34 cm, body mass: 73.30 ± 7.10 kg and body mass index (BMI): 24.00 ± 2.21 kg/m2) voluntarily performed the RAST test after an N30 and in a no-nap condition (NN) during two experimental periods: the last ten days of Ramadan (DR) and ∼3 weeks after Ramadan (AR). During each DR-NN, DR-N30, AR-NN and AR-N30 protocol, kickboxers performed RAST performance. A statistically significant difference was found between Ramadan periods (DR vs. AR) in terms of max power (W) (F = 80.93; p1 < 0.001; η2p = 0.89), minimum power (W) (F = 49.05; p1 < 0.001; η2p = 0.84), average power (W) (F = 83.79; p1 < 0.001; η2p = 0.90) and fatigue index (%) results (F = 11.25; p1 = 0.008; η2p = 0.55). In addition, the nap factor was statistically significant in terms of the max power (W) (F = 81.89; p2 < 0.001; η2p = 0.90), minimum power (W) (F = 80.37; p2 < 0.001; η2p = 0.89), average power (W) (F = 108.41; p2 < 0.001; η2p = 0.92) and fatigue index (%) results (F = 16.14; p2 = 0.003; η2p = 0.64). Taking a daytime nap benefits subsequent performance in RAST. The benefits of napping were greater after an N30 opportunity for DR and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bayer
- Department of Gerontology, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Vaclav Salcman
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Gabrys
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Hürmüz Koç
- Department of Movement and Training Sciences, Faculty of Education, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Burak Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - İsmihan Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
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10
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Wu Q, Yuan L, Guo XH, Li JA, Yin D. Study on lifestyle habits affecting sleep disorders at the undergraduate education stage in Xuzhou City, China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1053798. [PMID: 36389489 PMCID: PMC9642975 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1053798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In China, undergraduate students face both academic and career selection pressures, sleep is an important physiological process for them. Investigate the physical exercise, sleep quality of undergraduate students in the education stage in Xuzhou City, and analyze the factors affecting their sleep quality, to promote the health education and psychological health of undergraduate students. Materials and methods The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the demographic information questionnaire were used to survey a whole-group sample of four undergraduate colleges and universities (Xuzhou Institute of Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu Normal University) in Xuzhou by cluster sampling, the general characteristics including gender, grade, height, weight, domicile, race, economic income, etc., were collected, and the data were analyzed and processed using chi-square tests and multi-factor logistic regression. Results 3,366 valid questionnaires were collected from four undergraduate colleges and universities, including 1,355 males and 2,011 females. The detection rate of exercise in Jiangsu Normal University was lower than that in other universities, and the detection rate of sleep disorders was higher than that in other universities. Xuzhou Medical University, the highest detection rate of large exercise, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, the lowest detection rate of sleep disorders. There were significant differences in the detection rate of large amount of exercise among college students of different genders, grades, body types, and majors (χ2 = 259.172, P < 0.001; χ2 = 34.473, P < 0.001; χ2 = 36.026, P < 0.001; χ2 = 57.908, P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the detection rate of sleep disorders among college students with different gender, grade, family economic status, daily cell phone use time, cell phone purposeless usage, and exercise level (χ2 = 5.806, P = 0.016; χ2 = 47.5, P < 0.001; χ2 = 28.949, P < 0.001; χ2 = 55.866, P < 0.001; χ2 = 147.101, P < 0.001; χ2 = 9.129, P = 0.010). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that grade, family economic status, cell phone use time, cell phone purposeless usage is the main influencing factors of sleep disorders in college students. Conclusion The sleep problems of undergraduates are serious, especially in Jiangsu Normal University. Scientific and appropriate exercise is an important measure to solve the sleep problems of undergraduates. Colleges and universities should actively carry out health education, college students living habits such as cell phone use should be guided training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dehui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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11
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Wang HT, Chen YS, Rekik G, Yang CC, Lai MS, Tai HL. The effect of listening to preferred music after a stressful task on performance and psychophysiological responses in collegiate golfers. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13557. [PMID: 35669960 PMCID: PMC9166680 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study explores whether listening to preferred music after a stressful situation affects putting and swinging performance, heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and anxiety among amateur golfers. Methods Twenty healthy amateur collegiate golfers voluntarily participated in this study (age 20.1 ± 1.17 yrs., height = 173.8 ± 7.74 cm, body weight = 72.35 ± 12.67 kg). Pre- and post-intervention HR and HRV measurements were taken, along with a self-report of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and Triple Factor Anxiety Inventory (TFAI). Participants were exposed to a stressful situation through the Stroop Colour and Word Test (SCWT) and then instructed to perform three golf-practice sessions in a golf simulator, separated by 48-72 hours of recovery, under different conditions: control, pre-task music, and synchronised music. Results No significant difference was identified between the experimental conditions for swinging (in terms of total distance (p = 0.116), carry distance (p = 0.608), speed of the ball (p = 0.819), and launch angle (p = 0.550) and putting performance (the number of successful putts on target (p > 0.05) and distance error between the target and ball (p = 0.122). No main effect for condition and time of intervention, as well as no interaction between these two factors was found for HR, HRV, and STAI-S (p = 0.116). However, the pre and post-intervention percentages of physiological items of the TFAI indicated a large, significant difference in synchronised music trial (p = 0.012, pre-task trial = -1.92% < control trial = 0% < synchronised trial = 4.58%). Conclusions The results imply that following a stressful situation, listening to preferred music before and/or during golf has no immediate effect on golf performance, anxiety, and psychophysiological responses in collegiate golfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tsung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan,Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ghazi Rekik
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chia-Chen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Sheng Lai
- Department of Leisure and Recreation Management, Taipei City University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsia-Ling Tai
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan,Department and Graduate Institute of Physical Education, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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The Impact of Sleep Inertia on Physical, Cognitive, and Subjective Performance Following a 1- or 2-Hour Afternoon Nap in Semiprofessional Athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1140-1150. [PMID: 35606094 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the impact of sleep inertia on physical, cognitive, and subjective performance immediately after a 1- or 2-hour afternoon nap opportunity. METHODS Twelve well-trained male athletes completed 3 conditions in a randomized, counterbalanced order-9 hours in bed overnight without a nap opportunity the next day (9 + 0), 8 hours in bed overnight with a 1-hour nap opportunity the next day (8 + 1), and 7 hours in bed overnight with a 2-hour nap opportunity the next day (7 + 2). Nap opportunities ended at 4:00 PM. Sleep was assessed using polysomnography. Following each condition, participants completed four 30-minute test batteries beginning at 4:15, 4:45, 5:15, and 5:45 PM. Test batteries included a warm-up, self-ratings of readiness to perform, motivation to perform and expected performance, two 10-m sprints, 2 agility tests, a 90-second response-time task, and 5 minutes of seated rest. RESULTS Total sleep time was not different between conditions (P = .920). There was an effect of condition on readiness (P < .001), motivation (P = .001), and expected performance (P = .004)-all 3 were lower in the 8 + 1 and 7 + 2 conditions compared with the 9 + 0 condition. There was no effect of condition on response time (P = .958), sprint time (P = .204), or agility (P = .240), but a large effect size was observed for agility. CONCLUSIONS After waking from a nap opportunity, agility may be reduced, and athletes may feel sleepy and not ready or motivated to perform. Athletes should schedule sufficient time (∼1 h) after waking from a nap opportunity to avoid the effects of sleep inertia on performance.
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13
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Boukhris O, Hill DW, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Hsouna H, Abdessalem R, Mezghanni N, Souissi N, Bragazzi NL, Chamari K, Chtourou H. Longer Nap Duration During Ramadan Observance Positively Impacts 5-m Shuttle Run Test Performance Performed in the Afternoon. Front Physiol 2022; 13:811435. [PMID: 35222079 PMCID: PMC8864235 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.811435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that changes in the rhythm of life during Ramadan affect sleep schedules (i.e., interruption of night sleep patterns) and are likely to have negative effects on physical and cognitive performances. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different naps opportunities’ durations during Ramadan on performance of short-duration repetitive maximal exercise and perception of effort. Fifteen physically active men (age: 21 ± 3 years, height: 177 ± 6 cm, body-mass: 73 ± 10 kg) performed a 6 × 30-s shuttle run test after a 25-min nap (N25), a 45-min nap (N45), and in a no-nap condition (NN) during three experimental periods: ∼2 weeks before Ramadan (BR), the last ten days of Ramadan (ER), and ∼3 weeks after Ramadan (AR). During the shuttle run test performed in the late afternoon, the greatest distance (GD), the total distance (TD) and a fatigue index (FI) were assessed. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was determined after each 30-s effort. Dietary intake and sleep quality were assessed in each of the three periods. Compared to BR, GD and TD were lower in the ER testing period (p = 0.005; d = 0.54) but returned to BR levels in the AR period. During ER, carbohydrate intake was lower (p = 0.04; d = 0.2), and sleep duration and sleep quality were reduced (d = 0.27 and 0.54, respectively), although other aspects of dietary intake and sleep pattern were not affected. Compared to NN, GD and TD were higher after N25 (d = 0.57 and 0.34, respectively) and N45 (d = 0.93 and 0.88 respectively). RPE was lower in N45 (p = 0.035, d = 0.84). N45 resulted in higher TD (p = 0.021, d = 0.13) and lower RPE (p = 0.004; d = 0.57) compared to N25 during ER. Taking a daytime nap benefits subsequent performance in a shuttle run test, whether sleep the previous night was normal (as in BR) or compromised (as in ER). The benefits of napping were greater after a 45-min nap opportunity than after a 25-min nap opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - David W. Hill
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), Université Paris Lumières, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- *Correspondence: Achraf Ammar, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8053
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nourhen Mezghanni
- Department of Education Collage of Sport Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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14
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Glenn JM, Boukhris O, Khacharem A, Bouaziz B, Zmijewski P, Lanteri P, Garbarino S, Clark CCT, Chamari K, Bragazzi NL, Hill D, Chtourou H. Does observance of Ramadan affect sleep in athletes and physically active individuals? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13503. [PMID: 34693577 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an accurate description of the effect of Ramadan observance on sleep duration, sleep quality, daily nap duration, and daytime sleepiness in athletes and physically active individuals. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley, and Taylor and Francis) were used to search for relevant studies conducted with athletes or physically active individuals during Ramadan, published in any language, and available before May 23, 2021. Studies that included assessments of sleep quantity and/or quality, and/or daytime sleepiness, and/or daily naps in athletes and physically active individuals were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using "QualSyst". Of the 18 papers included in this study (298 participants in total), 14 were of strong quality, two were moderate, and the remaining two were rated as weak. Individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration (number of studies, K = 17, number of participants, N = 289, g = -0.766, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.199 to -0.333, p = 0.001). Additionally, the global score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index increased from 4.053 (K = 5, N = 65, 95% CI 3.071-5.034) pre-Ramadan, to 5.346 (95% CI 4.362-6.333) during Ramadan, indicating a decrease in sleep quality. The duration of daytime naps increased during compared to pre-Ramadan (K = 2, N = 31, g = 1.020, 95% CI 0.595-1.445, p = 0.000), whereas Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores remained unchanged during versus pre-Ramadan (K = 3, N = 31, g = 0.190, 95% CI -0.139-0.519, p = 0.257). In conclusion, individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration, impairment of sleep quality, and increase in daytime nap duration, with no change in daytime sleepiness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aimen Khacharem
- LIRTES (EA 7313), UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Bassem Bouaziz
- Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", (CNMSS); ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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15
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Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Hsouna H, Abdessalem R, Altmann S, Clark CCT, Turki M, Ayadi F, Engel F, Chtourou H. Performance, muscle damage, and inflammatory responses to repeated high-intensity exercise following a 40-min nap. Res Sports Med 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34665981 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1988951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 40-min nap opportunity (N40) on performance during, markers of muscle damage and inflammation, and the perception of fatigue and recovery, in response to a 5-m shuttle run test (5msrt). Fifteen male amateur athletes performed the 5msrt under two conditions: N40 and no-nap condition (NN). Blood biomarkers were collected at rest and after the 5msrt to measure muscle damage (i.e., creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)) and inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP)). RPE was determined immediately after each repetition of the test and PRS and DOMS were determined 5 min, thereafter. Compared to NN, N40 improved the highest distance (p<0.001, Δ=+7.9%) and the total distance (p<0.001, Δ=+7.2%) attained during the 5msrt. Pre and post the 5msrt, participants presented lower muscle damage (i.e., CK, LDH, ASAT and ALAT) and inflammation (i.e., CRP) (p<0.05) values in the N40 compared to NN. Concerning RPE, DOMS, and PRS, there was a positive effect in the N40 vs. NN (p<0.01). N40 represents an effective method for improving repeated high intensity short-term maximal performance, PRS, and associated muscle damage and inflammation, and reducing RPE and DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,High institute of sport and physical education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,High institute of sport and physical education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,High institute of sport and physical education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Stefan Altmann
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Tsg ResearchLab gGmbH, Zuzenhausen, Germany
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Mouna Turki
- Laboratoire De Biochimie, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Avenue El-Ferdaous, Sfax, Tunisia.,Faculté De Médecine De Sfax, Unité De Recherche Bases Moléculaires De La Pathologie Humaine, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Laboratoire De Biochimie, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Avenue El-Ferdaous, Sfax, Tunisia.,Faculté De Médecine De Sfax, Unité De Recherche Bases Moléculaires De La Pathologie Humaine, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Florian Engel
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,High institute of sport and physical education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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16
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Dutheil F, Danini B, Bagheri R, Fantini ML, Pereira B, Moustafa F, Trousselard M, Navel V. Effects of a Short Daytime Nap on the Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910212. [PMID: 34639511 PMCID: PMC8507757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Napping in the workplace is under debate, with interesting results on work efficiency and well-being of workers. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the benefits of a short daytime nap on cognitive performance. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and PsycInfo databases were searched until 19 August 2021. Cognitive performance in working-aged adults, both before and following a daytime nap or under control conditions (no nap), was analysed by time and by type of cognitive function (alertness, executive function and memory). RESULTS We included 11 studies (all in laboratory conditions including one with a subgroup in working conditions) for a total of 381 participants. Mean duration of nap was 55.4 ± 29.4 min. Overall cognitive performance did not differ at baseline (t0) between groups (effect size -0.03, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.07), and improved in the nap group following the nap (t1) (0.18, 0.09 to 0.27), especially for alertness (0.29, 0.10 to 0.48). Sensitivity analyses gave similar results comparing only randomized controlled trials, and after exclusion of outliers. Whatever the model used, performance mainly improved until 120 min after nap, with conflicting results during the sleep inertia period. Early naps in the afternoon (before 1.00 p.m.) gave better cognitive performance (0.24, -0.07 to 0.34). The benefits of napping were independent of sex and age. Duration of nap and time between nap and t1 did not influence cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that our meta-analyses included almost exclusively laboratory studies, daytime napping in the afternoon improved cognitive performance with beneficial effects of early nap. More studies in real work condition are warranted before implementing daytime napping at work as a preventive measure to improve work efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Benjamin Danini
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Maria Livia Fantini
- NPsy-Sydo, Sleep Disorders, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Farès Moustafa
- Emergency Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Marion Trousselard
- Neurophysiology of Stress, Armies’ Biomedical Research Institute, Armies’ Health Service, F-91220 Brétigny sur Orge, France;
| | - Valentin Navel
- CNRS, INSERM, GReD, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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17
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Botonis PG, Koutouvakis N, Toubekis AG. The impact of daytime napping on athletic performance - A narrative review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:2164-2177. [PMID: 34559915 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mid-day napping has been recommended as a countermeasure against sleep debt and an effective method for recovery, regardless of nocturnal sleep duration. Herein, we summarize the available evidence regarding the influence of napping on exercise and cognitive performance as well as the effects of napping on athletes' perceptual responses prior to or during exercise. The existing studies investigating the influence of napping on athletic performance have revealed equivocal results. Prevailing findings indicate that following a normal sleep night or after a night of sleep loss, a mid-day nap may enhance or restore several exercise and cognitive performance aspects, while concomitantly provide benefits on athletes' perceptual responses. Most, but not all, findings suggest that compared to short-term naps (20-30 min), long-term ones (>35-90 min) appear to provide superior benefits to the athletes. The underlying mechanisms behind athletic performance enhancement following a night of normal sleep or the restoration after a night of sleep loss are not clear yet. However, the absence of benefits or even the deterioration of performance following napping in some studies is likely the result of sleep inertia. The present review sheds light on the predisposing factors that influence the post-nap outcome, such as nocturnal sleep time, mid-day nap duration and the time elapsed between the end of napping and the subsequent testing, discusses practical solutions and stimulates further research on this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros G Botonis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nickos Koutouvakis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyris G Toubekis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Benefits of Daytime Napping Opportunity on Physical and Cognitive Performances in Physically Active Participants: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 51:2115-2146. [PMID: 34043185 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that athletes often experience chronic sleep disturbance. Napping is widely recommended as a safe and non-invasive intervention to counteract the negative effects of partial sleep deprivation. However, systematic reviews on the benefits of napping have yet to be undertaken. OBJECTIVE (i) To evaluate the effectiveness of diurnal napping opportunities on athletes' physical and cognitive performance and (ii) to outline how aspects of the study design (i.e., nap duration, exercise protocol, participants' fitness level and previous sleep quantity) can influence the potential effects of napping through a systematic appraisal of the literature. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases were searched up to June 2020 for relevant studies investigating the effect of napping on physical and cognitive performances in physically active participants. Fourteen strong-quality and four moderate-quality (mean QualSyst score = 75.75 ± 5.7%) studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final sample (total participants: 158 physically active and 168 athletes). RESULTS Most studies (n = 15) confirmed the beneficial effects of napping and showed that diurnal napping improved short-term physical performance (n = 10), endurance performance (n = 3) and specific skills performance (n = 2). Two studies showed no significant napping effect and only one study showed reduced sprint performance following diurnal napping. Moreover, napping improved reaction time (n = 3), attention (n = 2) and short-term memory (n = 1) performances. Importantly, "replacement naps" improved both physical and cognitive performance regardless of the type of exercise. However, "prophylactic naps" improved only jump, strength, running repeated-sprint, attention and reaction time performances. In addition, this systematic review revealed that longer nap opportunities (i.e., 90 min) resulted in better improvement of physical and cognitive performance and lower induced fatigue. CONCLUSIONS A diurnal nap seems to be an advantageous intervention to enhance recovery process and counteract the negative effect of partial sleep deprivation on physical and cognitive performance. Particularly, to optimize physical performances of athletes experiencing chronic lack of sleep, findings from the included individual studies suggest 90 min as the optimal nap duration. Diurnal napping may be beneficial for athletes but this benefit should be viewed with caution due to the quality of the evidence, risk of bias and the limited evidence about napping interventions.
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19
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Hsouna H, Boukhris O, Hill DW, Abdessalem R, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Irandoust K, Souissi N, Taheri M, Hammouda O, Clark CCT, Driss T, Chtourou H. A daytime 40-min nap opportunity after a simulated late evening soccer match reduces the perception of fatigue and improves 5-m shuttle run performance. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:502-515. [PMID: 33998848 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1917400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a 40-min nap opportunity was investigated during the day following a late evening simulated soccer match. Twelve male amateur soccer players (23 ± 3 years; 77.3 ± 5.3 kg; 1.76 ± 0.04 m) performed the Loughborough-intermittent-shuttle test at 21h00 and the following day they completed the sleepiness scale after either a nonap (N0) or 40-min nap (N40) opportunity that began at 14h00. At 17h00, participants performed the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT) (6 × 30-s with 35-s in-between; best distance (BD) and total distance (TD) were calculated). After performing the 5mSRT, they provided their rating of the perceived exertion (RPE) and rated their muscle soreness. Sleepiness scores were significantly lower in N40 in comparison with N0 (P < 0.05). A significant increase of TD (+64.5 m) and BD (+9.6 m) after N40 compared to N0 was observed (P < 0.05). The improved performance was associated with reduced levels of muscle soreness and lower RPE. In conclusion, a daytime 40-min nap opportunity after a late evening simulated soccer match improves short-term repetitive maximal performance in soccer players, and has positive effects on perception of sleepiness, muscle soreness, and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsen Hsouna
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - David W Hill
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie.,Research laboratory, Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University 39106, Magdeburg, Magdeburg.,Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire En Neurosciences, Physiologie Et Psychologie: Activité Physique, Santé Et Apprentissages (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | | | - Nizar Souissi
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie
| | | | - Omar Hammouda
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire En Neurosciences, Physiologie Et Psychologie: Activité Physique, Santé Et Apprentissages (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.,Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Tarak Driss
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire En Neurosciences, Physiologie Et Psychologie: Activité Physique, Santé Et Apprentissages (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport, Tunis, Tunisie.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
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20
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Paryab N, Taheri M, H'Mida C, Irandoust K, Mirmoezzi M, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Chtourou H. Melatonin supplementation improves psychomotor and physical performance in collegiate student-athletes following a sleep deprivation night. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:753-761. [PMID: 33845710 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1889578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies report sleep deprivation negatively impacts post-cognitive and physical performance, and other functions. Recent findings indicate ingestion of melatonin prior to exercise enhances tolerance to training and improves competition. We investigated the effects of melatonin supplementation on psychomotor performance and selected physical fitness measures of collegiate student-athletes following 4 h and 24 h of sleep deprivation. The study employed a repeated-measures, double-blind, randomized controlled protocol with posttest control group design with six conditions [3 sleep conditions (without sleep deprivation, 4 h sleep deprivation (4SD) and 24 h sleep deprivation (24SD)) × 2 supplementation conditions (melatonin and placebo)]. Ten trained male collegiate student-athletes (mean ± SD; age: 20 ± 2 y) attended the laboratory on six occasions with 72 h between successive visits. Placebo or 6 mg of melatonin were administered orally in capsules 30 min before the tests of: static and dynamic balance, reaction time, and anaerobic power. Also, blood lactate was measured before and 3 min after the anaerobic power exercise. During the placebo session, the results indicated that 4SD and 24SD had negative effect on the measured parameters, with higher impacts of the 24SD condition. Compared to placebo and during both 4SD and 24SD conditions, melatonin had a positive effect on static and dynamic balance, anaerobic power, blood lactic acid, and reaction time (p < .05). However, 6 mg melatonin ingestion had no significant effect on all dependent variables in collegiate student-athletes after the night without a sleep deprivation (p > .05). In conclusion, 6 mg of melatonin may be used by student-athletes to improve balance and psychomotor and physical performances after 4 h or 24 h of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Paryab
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Cyrine H'Mida
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Khadijah Irandoust
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirmoezzi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.,Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
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21
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Belkhir Y, Rekik G, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Does warming up with different music tempos affect physical and psychological responses? The evidence from a chronobiological study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:149-156. [PMID: 33555672 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of listening to different music tempos during warm-up on short-term maximal performance and psychological responses, as a function of Times of Day (TOD). METHODS Fifteen well trained subjects (93.75% were semi-professional soccer players) randomly performed the 30-s Continuous Jump test (CJ30) during three morning sessions (07h00) and three evening sessions (17h00), separated by 48h of recovery, each after a warmup under three different conditions: without music (NO-M), with music at 60 bpm (LOW-M), and with music at 120-140 bpm (HIGH-M). The maximal jump height (Hmax), mean jump height of all jumps (Hmean), and fatigue index (FI %) were measured during CJ30. Feeling states (FS) were determined after warm-up, and body temperature was controlled before/after warm-up, as well as after CJ30. RESULTS Data analysis showed that Hmax, Hmean, and body temperature were higher at 17h00 than 07h00 in all experimental conditions. Moreover, Hmax, Hmean and FS were better after warm-ups with LOW-M and HIGH-M compared to NO-M condition at both TOD, with a higher gain at 07h00. More importantly, Hmax, Hmean and FS were better after warm-up with HIGH-M than with LOW-M at both TOD, with a higher gain at 07h00. CONCLUSIONS Although both music tempos were beneficial, warming-up with high music tempo (120-140 bpm) is better than warming-up with low music tempo (60 bpm) for improving short-term maximal performance and psychological responses whatever the TOD, especially in the morning hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Belkhir
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Al-Udhailiyah Primary School for Girls, Department of Physical Education, Al-Farwaniyah, Kuwait
| | - Ghazi Rekik
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia - .,Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
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22
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Belkhir Y, Rekik G, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Effect of listening to synchronous versus motivational music during warm-up on the diurnal variation of short-term maximal performance and subjective experiences. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1611-1620. [PMID: 32741226 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1797764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Which type of music is better for improving short-term maximal performance (STMP) and subjective experiences, and under what conditions? The present study was designed to address this issue by investigating the effects of listening to synchronous versus motivational music during warm-up, as a function of time of day, on exercise performance. In a random order, 16 highly trained physical education students (male) performed the 30-s Continuous Jump (CJ30) during six sessions separated at minimum by 48 h of recovery: after two warm-ups with synchronous music (WUSM), after two warm-ups with motivational music (WUMM), and after two warm-ups without music (WUWM), at 07:00 and 17:00 h. The maximal jump height (Hmax), mean jump height of all jumps (Hmean), and fatigue index (F %) were measured during the test. Body temperature was collected before and after the warm-up, and at the end of the CJ30 test. The rated perceived exertion (RPE) and the feelings states (FS) were obtained immediately after the warm-up and the test. The results revealed that Hmean, Hmax, and temperature were higher at 17:00 than 07:00 h in all experimental conditions. Moreover, Hmean and Hmax were higher with WUSM and WUMM than WUWM at both times of day, with greater improvement in the morning. After performing the CJ30 test, RPE scores were higher with WUMM than WUWM at both times of day. Moreover, FS scores were more positive with WUMM than WUWM in the morning. Furthermore, WUMM resulted in better Hmax and Hmean at both times of day than WUSM. However, FS and RPE were independent of types of music. Findings suggested the use of music during warm-up to increase STMP, RPE, and FS at both times of day, and reduce the morning-afternoon difference in the CJ30 test. More importantly, a warm-up with motivational music is more beneficial than a warm-up with synchronous music for improving STMP, either in the morning or in the afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Belkhir
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, Sfax University , Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ghazi Rekik
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, Sfax University , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University , Sfax, Tunisia.,Activité Physique: Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport , Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University , Tunis, Tunisia.,Activité Physique: Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport , Tunis, Tunisie
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23
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Souissi M, Souissi Y, Bayoudh A, Knechtle B, Nikolaidis PT, Chtourou H. Effects of a 30 min nap opportunity on cognitive and short-duration high-intensity performances and mood states after a partial sleep deprivation night. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2553-2561. [PMID: 32734824 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1793651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of partial-sleep-deprivation (SDN) and a 30 min nap opportunity on physical and cognitive performances and mood states. Fourteen physically active students (BMI = 232.8 ± 0.4 kg/m2) performed the reaction time, the number cancellation (i.e., assessing vigilance) and the 5-m shuttle run tests and responded to the Profile of Mood States (POMS-f) questionnaire at 18h00 after a normal-sleep (NSN) and a SDN) and after two nap conditions (Nap and no-Nap) realized between 13h00 and 13h30. Vigilance and the reaction time were better after Nap compared to no-Nap opportunity following NSN and SDN and during NSN compared to SDN only during no-Nap. Total and peak distance during the 5-m shuttle run test were higher and the fatigue index was lower during Nap compared to no-Nap condition after NSN and SDN and during NSN compared to SDN during Nap and no-Nnap. Anxiety, fatigue, confusion, and depression were lower and vigour was higher during Nap compared to no-Nap after NSN and SDN and during NSN compared to SDN during Nap and no-Nap. In conclusion, a 30-min of nap opportunity helps to overcome the negative effect of SDN on mood states as well as physical and cognitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makram Souissi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Souissi
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amel Bayoudh
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Institut Supérieur Du Sport Et De L'éducation Physique De Sfax, Université De Sfax , Sfax, Tunisie.,Activité Physique, Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport , Tunis, Tunisie
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24
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A Thirty-Five-Minute Nap Improves Performance and Attention in the 5-m Shuttle Run Test during and Outside Ramadan Observance. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8070098. [PMID: 32664557 PMCID: PMC7404546 DOI: 10.3390/sports8070098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramadan observance is characterized by several changes in behaviors, such as food and sleep, which could affect physical and cognitive performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 35-min nap (N35) opportunity on physical performance during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT); attention; feelings; mood states; and perceptual measures of stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness during Ramadan observance. Fourteen physically active men (22 ± 3 years, 177 ± 4 cm, 76 ± 5 kg) were tested after a no-nap condition (N0), N35 15 days before Ramadan (BR), the last 10 days of Ramadan (DR), and 20 days after Ramadan (AR). Measures included the digit cancellation test (attention estimation), the profile of mood state (POMS), and the Hooper questionnaires. After a 5-min standard warm-up, participants performed the 5mSRT (6 × 30 s with 35 s in between; best distance (BD), total distance (TD), and fatigue index (FI) were recorded), along with the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after each test repetition. After the 5mSRT test, participants responded to the feeling scale (FS). The results showed that TD and FI during the 5mSRT were not affected by Ramadan observance. However, BD was significantly lower than DR compared to AR after N0 (∆ = -4.3 ± 1.3%; p < 0.01) and N35 (∆ = -2.6 ± 1.0%; p < 0.05). After N0, attention decreased significantly at DR in comparison with BR (p < 0.05) and AR (p < 0.001). BD and TD improved after N35 compared to N0 at BR (∆ = +4.4 ± 2.1%, p < 0.05 for BD and ∆ = +4.8 ± 1.6%, p < 0.01 for TD), DR (∆ = +7.1 ± 2.2%, p < 0.05 for BD and ∆ = +5.1 ± 1.6%, p < 0.01 for TD), and AR (∆ = +5.5 ± 1.5%, p < 0.01 for BD and ∆ = +5.2 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001 for TD). A significant increase in attention was observed after N35 in comparison with N0 at DR (p < 0.01) and AR (p < 0.01). However, no changes were found for the perception of mood states, stress, sleep, muscle soreness, and the FI during the 5mSRT. Also, N35 was better than N0 for RPE at DR (p < 0.05), feelings at AR (p < 0.05), and fatigue estimation at AR (p < 0.01). A 35-min nap opportunity may have beneficial effects on physical and cognitive performances before, during, and after Ramadan.
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25
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Ajjimaporn A, Ramyarangsi P, Siripornpanich V. Effects of a 20-min Nap after Sleep Deprivation on Brain Activity and Soccer Performance. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:1009-1016. [PMID: 32629506 DOI: 10.1055/a-1192-6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined effects of a 20-min nap following 3 h of sleep deprivation on brain wave activity, auditory reaction time, the running-based anaerobic sprint test, leg muscle strength and the rating of perceived exertion in male college soccer players. Eleven players underwent three sleep conditions; normal sleep, sleep deprivation and 20-min nap after sleep deprivation. The sleep deprivation demonstrated an increase in the mean power of delta waves over the frontal area and a decrease in the mean power of alpha waves over the parietal area compared to the normal sleep. The nap and the sleep deprivation showed an increase in auditory reaction time compared with those in the normal sleep. The sleep deprivation demonstrated a decrease in the running-based anaerobic sprint test compared to the normal sleep, whereas the nap has partially reversed only minimal power and average power of the running-based anaerobic sprint test. The nap showed a recovery effect on leg muscle strength, but not on the rating of perceived exertion compared with the sleep deprivation. Thus, a 20-min nap after sleep deprivation did not completely return brain activity back to active state and did not entirely reverse the negative impact of sleep deprivation on soccer performance in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornpan Ajjimaporn
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Papatsorn Ramyarangsi
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Vorasith Siripornpanich
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
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26
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A 90 min Daytime Nap Opportunity Is Better Than 40 min for Cognitive and Physical Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134650. [PMID: 32605240 PMCID: PMC7369743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of different nap durations on attention and physical performance as well as mood states, sleepiness, perceived exertion (RPE), recovery (PRS), and muscle soreness (DOMS) in trained men. Fourteen amateur team sport players (age: 20.3 ± 3.0 years, height: 173.1 ± 6.7 cm, body-mass: 68.1 ± 6.6 kg) performed a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) test, 5-m shuttle run, and the digit-cancellation (i.e., attention) test after a no-nap (N0) and 40-min (N40) and 90-min (N90) of nap opportunities. Subjective measurement of mood states, RPE, PRS and DOMS were determined. Compared to N0, both nap durations enhanced attention, MVIC, total distance (TD), and higher distance (HD) (p < 0.001), with a higher gain after N90 compared to N40 for attention (Δ = +3), MVIC (Δ = +30 N) and TD (Δ = +35 m) (p < 0.001). Total mood scores were better after N40 and N90 compared to N0 (p < 0.05), with lower scores after N90 compared to N40 (p < 0.05). DOMS and RPE scores were significantly lower and PRS was significantly higher after N40 and N90 compared to N0 and after N90 compared to N40 (p < 0.05). Although both nap opportunity durations were beneficial, N90 was better than N40 for improving physical performances and attention as well as the perception of recovery, reducing fatigue perception, muscle soreness, and negative mood states.
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Effects of 25-Min Nap Opportunity during Ramadan Observance on the 5-m Shuttle Run Performance and the Perception of Fatigue in Physically Active Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093135. [PMID: 32365914 PMCID: PMC7246774 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of a 25-min nap opportunity on physical performance during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT), feelings (i.e., evaluated by the feeling scale), attention (i.e., evaluated by the digit cancellation test) and the perception of fatigue (i.e., recorded by the rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) during Ramadan observance. Twelve physically active men (age: 21.1 ± 3.2 yrs, height: 1.76 ± 0.05 m, body-mass: 71.2 ± 9.3 kg) voluntarily participated in five test sessions: 15 days before Ramadan (BR), the first 10 days of Ramadan (FR), the last 10 days of Ramadan (ER), 10 days after Ramadan (10AR) and 20 days after Ramadan (20AR). During each test session, participants performed the digit cancellation test, a 5-min standard warm-up, the 5mSRT (6 × 30-s with 35-s intervals-between) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after no-nap (N0) and 25-min nap opportunity (N25) conditions. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) during each period. The total distance covered during the 5mSRT did not differ significantly before, during or after Ramadan, but was significantly greater after N25 compared to N0 at 10AR (687.5 ± 23.0 m vs. 725.6 ± 41.1 m; p = 0.018) and 20AR (698.3 ± 19.8 m vs. 742.6 ± 58.3 m; p = 0.003). The attention scores were higher after N25 in comparison with N0 at 10AR (p = 0.04) and 20AR (p = 0.02). RPE scores were not significantly different between N25 and N0 conditions. Feelings scores were higher after N25 compared to N0 during both FR (p = 0.007) and 20AR (p = 0.04). A significant deterioration of sleep quality was recorded during Ramadan (i.e., PSQI scores were significantly higher during and after compared to BR (p < 0.0005)). A 25-min nap opportunity was beneficial for physical and cognitive performance after Ramadan observance; however, any effect is insufficient to show significant beneficial impacts during Ramadan.
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Baati H, Chtourou H, Moalla W, Jarraya M, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Effect of Angle of View and Partial Sleep Deprivation on Distance Perception. Front Psychol 2020; 11:201. [PMID: 32218750 PMCID: PMC7078342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intensive effort on egocentric distance perception according to different angles of view after sleep deprivation at the beginning (SDB) or at the end (SDE) of the night and after a normal sleep night (NNS). Ten male students soccer players (age 22.8 ± 1.3 years; body mass 72.0 ± 10.4 kg; body height 180.0 ± 3.0 cm) performed a repeated cycling (RS) exercise (10 × 6 s maximal cycling with 24 s in between) after SDB, SDE, and NNS. They were asked to estimate three distances (i.e. 15, 25, and 35 m) before and after RS from different angles of view [i.e. in front (0°) and in side (45° left and 45° right)]. For 35 m, distance estimation was better during NNS compared to SDB and SDE for the front and the two side angles either before or after RS (p < 0.05). Concerning 25 m, distance estimation was better after compared to before RS for the front angle during the NNS session (p < 0.05). For 15 m, distance estimation was better during NNS than SDB and SDE for the front and both side angles after RS (p < 0.05). We concluded that partial sleep deprivation negatively affected the estimation of the egocentric distance for the three angles of view either at rest or after RS exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Baati
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Moalla
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- LR18JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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The Effect of Aquatic Exercise on Postural Mobility of Healthy Older Adults with Endomorphic Somatotype. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224387. [PMID: 31717625 PMCID: PMC6888232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fear of falling (FOF) limits the movements of the older adults, which, in turn, might impair postural mobility. An aquatic environment has a relatively low risk of falling and can improve motor abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aquatic exercise on postural mobility of the healthy endomorph elderly somatotype. Therefore, 37 healthy endomorphic older adults with an average age of 64.38 ± 4.12 years participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into four groups (i.e., Aquatic exercise, Dry-land exercise, Aquatic control, and Dry-land control). The Heath-Carter method was used to estimate the criterion somatotype, and the Tinetti method was used to determine postural mobility. Covariance analysis was used to examine the mean differences at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the aquatic exercise group and the two control groups (p < 0.01), and the dry-land exercise group was significantly different from the aquatic control (p < 0.05) and dry-land control groups (p < 0.01). The results indicate that the design of aquatic exercise programs, especially for endomorphic older adults with inappropriate body shape, for whom dry-land exercises are not appropriate, likely, has a positive effect on the motor control and both the balance and gait and provide appropriate postural mobility without FOF in older adults.
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Hsouna H, Boukhris O, Abdessalem R, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Shephard RJ, Chtourou H. Effect of different nap opportunity durations on short-term maximal performance, attention, feelings, muscle soreness, fatigue, stress and sleep. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nap Opportunity As a Strategy to Improve Short-Term Repetitive Maximal Performance During the 5-m Shuttle Run Test: A Brief Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/intjssh.97538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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