1
|
Retnosari R, Ali AH, Zainalabidin S, Ugusman A, Oka N, Latip J. The recent discovery of a promising pharmacological scaffold derived from carvacrol: A review. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 109:129826. [PMID: 38830427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Carvacrol, called CA, is a dynamic phytoconstituent characterized by a phenol ring abundantly sourced from various natural reservoirs. This versatile scaffold serves as a pivotal template for the design and synthesis of novel drug molecules, harboring promising biological activities. The active sites positioned at C-4, C-6, and the hydroxyl group (-OH) of CA offer fertile ground for creating potent drug candidates from a pharmacological standpoint. In this comprehensive review, we delve into diverse synthesis pathways and explore the biological activity of CA derivatives. We aim to illuminate the potential of these derivatives in discovering and developing efficacious treatments against a myriad of life-threatening diseases. By scrutinizing the structural modifications and pharmacophore placements that enhance the activity of CA derivatives, we aspire to inspire the innovation of novel therapeutics with heightened potency and effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rini Retnosari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; International Joint Department of Materials Science and Engineering Between National University of Malaysia and Gifu University, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang, Indonesia
| | - Amatul Hamizah Ali
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Natsuhisa Oka
- International Joint Department of Materials Science and Engineering Between National University of Malaysia and Gifu University, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pilozo G, Villavicencio-Vásquez M, Chóez-Guaranda I, Murillo DV, Pasaguay CD, Reyes CT, Maldonado-Estupiñán M, Ruiz-Barzola O, León-Tamariz F, Manzano P. Chemical, antioxidant, and antifungal analysis of oregano and thyme essential oils from Ecuador: Effect of thyme against Lasiodiplodia theobromae and its application in banana rot. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31443. [PMID: 38831831 PMCID: PMC11145482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity by spectrophotometric methods, the in vitro and in vivo antifungal effect against Lasiodiplodia theobromae and the constitution of the essential oils (EO) of oregano and thyme in comparison with their commercial counterparts. The results showed by the EOs of extracted thyme (T-EO), commercial thyme (CT-EO), extracted oregano (O-EO) and commercial oregano (CO-EO), demonstrated antioxidant profiles with a radical neutralizing potential (DPPH•) of IC50: 1.11 ± 0.019; 1.08 ± 0.05; 40.56 ± 0.227 and 0.69 ± 0.004 mg/mL, respectively. They also revealed a ferric ion reducing capacity (FRAP) of 93.05 ± 0.52; 97.72 ± 0.42; 21.85 ± 0.57 and 117.24 ± 0.64 mg Eq Trolox/g. A reduction in β-carotene degradation of 65.71 ± 0.04; 51.97 ± 0.66; 43.58 ± 1.56 and 57.46 ± 1.56 %. A total phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu) of 132.97 ± 0.77; 141.89 ± 2.56; 152.04 ± 0.10 and 25.66 ± 0.40 mg EGA/g. Chemical characterization performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the respective major components of the samples were thymol (T-EO: 45.78 %), thymol (CT-EO: 43.57 %), alloaromadendrene (O-EO: 25.17 %) and carvacrol (CO-EO: 62.06 %). Regarding antifungal activity, it was evident that at the in vitro level, both commercial EOs had a MIC of 250 ppm while the extracted thyme EO had a MIC of 500 ppm; In vivo studies demonstrated that the application of thyme EO had a behavior similar to the synthetic fungicide, slowing down rot in bananas under storage conditions. Finally, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and heat maps suggest p-cymene, carvacrol, linalool, eucalyptol, 4-terpineol, (z)-β-terpineol, alkanhol, caryophyllene, β-myrcene, d-limonene, α-terpinene, α-terpineol, d-α-pinene, camphene, caryophyllene oxide, δ-cadinene, terpinolene and thymol as relevant biomarkers associated with the assessed bioactive properties demonstrating the potential of extracted essential oils for the development of a botanical biofungicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Pilozo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Mirian Villavicencio-Vásquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ivan Chóez-Guaranda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Damon Vera Murillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Cynthia Duarte Pasaguay
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Christofer Tomalá Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Maria Maldonado-Estupiñán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Omar Ruiz-Barzola
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| | - Fabián León-Tamariz
- University of Cuenca, Universidad de Cuenca, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus Central Av. 12 de Abril, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, ESPOL Polytechnic University, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, 090902, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nabawy A, Makabenta JM, Park J, Huang R, Nayar V, Patel R, Rotello VM. Nature-Derived Gelatin-Based Antifungal Nanotherapeutics for combatting Candida albicans Biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2024; 11:637-644. [PMID: 38841652 PMCID: PMC11149111 DOI: 10.1039/d3en00372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Infections caused by fungi are emerging global health challenges that are exacerbated by the formation of fungal biofilms. Further challenges arise from environmental contamination with antifungal agents, which promotes environmental acquisition of antifungal resistance. We report the generation of an efficient, sustainable, all-natural antifungal nanotherapeutic based on the integration of an antimicrobial natural essential oil into a gelatin-based nanoemulsion platform. Carvacrol-loaded gelatin nanoemulsions penetrated Candida albicans biofilms, resulting in death of C. albicans cells in biofilms, and displayed selective biofilm elimination without harmful effects on fibroblast cells in a fungal biofilm-mammalian fibroblast co-culture model. Furthermore, the nanoemulsions degraded in the presence of physiologically relevant biomolecules, reducing the potential for environmental pollution and ecotoxicity. Overall, the sustainability, and efficacy of the described gelatin nanoemulsion formulation provides an environmentally friendly strategy for treating biofilm-associated fungal infections, including those caused by drug-resistant fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Jessa Marie Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Jungmi Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Varun Nayar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pakzad I, Yarkarami F, Kalani BS, Shafieian M, Hematian A. Inhibitory Effects of Carvacrol on Biofilm Formation in Colistin Heteroresistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e280923221542. [PMID: 37779401 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638253395230919112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of bacteria to form biofilm is an essential strategy for creating stable infections. This issue is more critical in Acinetobacter bauamannii as a hospital pathogen. Today, the control of biofilm formation and solutions to prevent or remove biofilm is being developed. Carvacrol has been considered an anti-biofilm compound in significant bacteria. This study investigated the anti-biofilm effect of Carvacrol on biofilm formation in clinical colistin heteroresistant isolates of A. baumannii. METHODS 22 clinical strains of A. baumannii were collected from Motahari Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2019. Biochemical and genotypic methods confirmed these isolates. Colistin heteroresistance was determined by the Standard PAP method. Carvacrol's antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity was determined according to the standard protocol. RESULTS About 12 isolates were considered strong biofilm producers and were used for analysis. Six isolates had hetero-resistance to colistin. Carvacrol at a 512 g/ml concentration showed the best antibacterial activity against all isolates. The sub-MIC of Carvacrol (256 g/ml) reduced the biofilm formation capacity, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that sub-MIC of Carvacrol has anti-biofilm effects in clinical A.baumannii colistin hetero-resistance isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yarkarami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Shafieian
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Hematian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Cong J, Zhang L, Han Z, Jiang X, Yu L. Antiultraviolet, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties and Anticancer Potential of Novel Environmentally Friendly Amide-Modified Gallic Acid Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15352-15362. [PMID: 37802117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols and amides isolated from natural products have various biological functions, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral activities, and they are widely used in the fields of food and medicine. In this work, four novel and environmentally friendly amide-modified gallic acid derivatives (AMGADs), which were prepared by using different amides to modify gallic acid (GA) from Polygonaceae plants, displayed good antiultraviolet (anti-UV), antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Significantly, the anti-UV capability of compounds n1 and n2 was notably superior to that of the UV absorber GA. Moreover, compound n2 possessed better 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power than vitamin C. The antibacterial activities of all AMGADs, with inhibition rates of more than 96.00 and 79.00% for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, were better than those of GA. Compound n1 had broad-spectrum anticancer activity, and its inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells exceeded that of 5-fluorouracil. The good and rich bioactivities of these AMGADs revealed that combining GA with amides is conducive to improving the activity of GA, and this study laid a good foundation for their scientific application in the fields of food and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Jinyue Cong
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Linghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhicheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Weng L, Lin Y, Lin D, Xie L, Zhong T. Carvacrol/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex as a fumigant to control decay caused by Penicillium digitatum on Shatangju mandarin slices. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18804. [PMID: 37576255 PMCID: PMC10415668 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation and microorganism control of fresh-cut fruit pose a persistent challenge in the food industry. To address this issue, we prepared a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex containing carvacrol using a coprecipitation method and employed it for the non-contact fumigation of fresh-cut Shatangju mandarin slices. This biodegradable and safe preservative offers an effective means to combat spoilage and ensure product quality. We confirmed the formation of the encapsulated structure of the inclusion complex through various characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). We also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of this preservative on Penicillium digitatum and its associated spoilage both in vitro and in vivo. The incidence and severity were significant lower in the inclusion complex-treated group (75.0% and 46.7%, respectively) compared to the group treated with pure carvacrol (100% and 69.2%, respectively). In addition, fruit freshness parameters and sensory evaluation showed that the inclusion complex treatment effectively maintained the overall quality of the fruit and achieved the highest consumer acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Luo Weng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Pingyuan County, Meizhou 514600, China
| | - Daijie Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Linsheng Xie
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lazar V, Oprea E, Ditu LM. Resistance, Tolerance, Virulence and Bacterial Pathogen Fitness-Current State and Envisioned Solutions for the Near Future. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050746. [PMID: 37242416 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current antibiotic crisis and the global phenomena of bacterial resistance, inherited and non-inherited, and tolerance-associated with biofilm formation-are prompting dire predictions of a post-antibiotic era in the near future. These predictions refer to increases in morbidity and mortality rates as a consequence of infections with multidrug-resistant or pandrug-resistant microbial strains. In this context, we aimed to highlight the current status of the antibiotic resistance phenomenon and the significance of bacterial virulence properties/fitness for human health and to review the main strategies alternative or complementary to antibiotic therapy, some of them being already clinically applied or in clinical trials, others only foreseen and in the research phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia-Mara Ditu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Buonsenso F, Schiavon G, Spadaro D. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Essential Oils' Vapours against Blue Mould on Apples Caused by Penicillium expansum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032900. [PMID: 36769223 PMCID: PMC9917833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofumigation with slow-release diffusers of essential oils (EOs) of basil, oregano, savoury, thyme, lemon, and fennel was assessed for the control of blue mould of apples, caused by Penicillium expansum. In vitro, the ability of the six EOs to inhibit the mycelial growth was evaluated at concentrations of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1%. EOs of thyme, savoury, and oregano, at all three concentrations, and basil, at 1.0 and 0.5%, were effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. expansum. In vivo, disease incidence and severity were evaluated on 'Opal' apples artificially inoculated with the pathogen and treated at concentrations of 1.0% and 0.5% of EOs. The highest efficacy in reducing blue mould was observed with EOs of lemon and oregano at 1.0% after 60 days of storage at 1 ± 1 °C (incidence of rot, 3 and 1%, respectively) and after a further 14 days of shelf-life at 15 ± 1 °C (15 and 17%). Firmness, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids were evaluated at harvest, after cold storage, and after shelf-life. Throughout the storage period, no evident phytotoxic effects were observed. The EOs used were characterised through GC-MS to analyse their compositions. Moreover, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the cabinets were characterised during storage using the SPME-GC-MS technique. The antifungal effects of EOs were confirmed both in vitro and in vivo and the possible mechanisms of action were hypothesised. High concentrations of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in the EOs explain the efficacy of biofumigation in postharvest disease control. These findings provide new insights for the development of sustainable strategies for the management of postharvest diseases and the reduction of fruit losses during storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Buonsenso
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector—AGROINNOVA, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giada Schiavon
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector—AGROINNOVA, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Davide Spadaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector—AGROINNOVA, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Firmanda A, Fahma F, Warsiki E, Syamsu K, Arnata IW, Sartika D, Suryanegara L, Qanytah, Suyanto A. Antimicrobial mechanism of nanocellulose composite packaging incorporated with essential oils. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
10
|
KAYA S. Assessment of The Effect of Thymbra capitata Ethanolic Extract on Galleria mellonella Hemolymph Antioxidant Enzymes. COMMAGENE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.31594/commagene.1204178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conehead thyme (Thymbra capitata) is widely distributed in the countries of the Mediterranean region and used due to its medical properties. The antibacterial, antifungal, and strong antioxidant properties of T. capitata are known. The model organism Galleria mellonella is mostly preferred for immunological studies and for the study of human pathogens. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extract of T. capitata on the antioxidant defense of the hemolymph in G. mellonella larva. Solutions prepared with Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) from the dry matter obtained from ethanolic extract at doses between 2 mg mL-1 and 20 mg mL-1 were injected into G. mellonella larvae. According to our findings, T. capitata extract had no effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, it was determined that all doses between 10 to 20 mg mL-1 significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the control groups. According to the results of our study, high doses of T. capitata extract had negative effects on G. mellonella antioxidant defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serhat KAYA
- ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN VE EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fernández-Babiano I, Navarro-Pérez ML, Pérez-Giraldo C, Fernández-Calderón MC. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Carvacrol against Oral Pathogenic Bacteria. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121255. [PMID: 36557293 PMCID: PMC9785330 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Faced with the current situation of high rates of microbial resistance, together with the scarcity of new antibiotics, it is necessary to search for and identify new antimicrobials, preferably natural, to alleviate this situation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of carvacrol (CAR), a phenolic compound of essential oils, against pathogenic microorganisms causing oral infections, such as Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis, never evaluated before. The minimum inhibitory and the minimum bactericidal concentration were 93.4 μg/mL and 373.6 μg/mL, respectively, for the two strains. The growth kinetics under different concentrations of CAR, as well as the bactericidal power were determined. The subinhibitory concentrations delayed and decreased bacterial growth. Its efficacy on mature biofilms was also tested. Finally, the possible hemolytic effect of CAR, not observable at the bactericidal concentrations under study, was evaluated. Findings obtained point to CAR as an excellent alternative agent to safely prevent periodontal diseases. In addition, it is important to highlight the use of an experimental methodology that includes dual-species biofilm and subinhibitory concentration models to determine optimal CAR treatment concentrations. Thus, CAR could be used preventively in mouthwashes or biomaterials, or in treatments to avoid existing antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fernández-Babiano
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Luisa Navarro-Pérez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ciro Pérez-Giraldo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-289-812
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marinković J, Nikolić B, Marković T, Petrović B, Pašalić S, Lal M, Marković D. Essential oils as adjuvants in endodontic therapy: myth or reality? Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1487-1499. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance endodontics, the search for new antibacterials that can improve infected tooth root canal treatment is ongoing. As potent antibacterial and antibiofilm agents, essential oils (EOs) have been suggested as novel endodontic materials. Several studies indicate that EO-based irrigants and medicaments show promising reductive potential against the most important intracanal pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis, and notably contribute to intracanal biofilm eradication. In terms of additional benefits that EO-based endodontic materials can provide, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential are also important, but they have only scarcely been explored in research. Investigations into the benefits of EO-based endodontic materials together with their biocompatibility are needed. The results presented in this review strongly encourage further research on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Marinković
- University of Belgrade,‘VINČA’ Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Student Square 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Marković
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research ‘Dr Josif Pančić’, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božana Petrović
- University of Belgrade,‘VINČA’ Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Pašalić
- University of Belgrade,‘VINČA’ Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mohan Lal
- Agrotechnology, Technology & Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Dejan Marković
- University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Dr Subotića 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wani MY, Ahmad A, Aqlan FM, Al-Bogami AS. Modulation of key antioxidant enzymes and cell cycle arrest as a possible antifungal mode of action of cinnamaldehyde based azole derivative. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128922. [PMID: 35934269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although Candida auris was only identified in the year 2009, it has rapidly spread in more than a dozen countries and is proving more deadly and notorious. In our previous studies, we reported on the tremendous antifungal potential of a series of cinnamaldehyde based azole derivatives against fluconazole susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans and identified a promising lead molecule (6f). In this study, the effect of this compound on the viability and physiology of cell death in C. auris was assessed. The impact of compound 6f on cell cycle, oxidative stress enzymes and transcriptional profile of genes encoding these oxidative stress enzymes was also analysed. The results confirmed that compound 6f possessed the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.98 µg/mL and prevented the growth and caused death in yeast cells. Furthermore, the compound at subinhibitory and inhibitory concentrations blocked the cell cycle in C. auris at S phase and G2/M phase and inhibited expression as well as activity of antioxidant enzymes that resulted in production of reactive oxygen species. Altogether, compound 6f showed potential antifungal activity against a virulent strain of C. auris and was able to induce oxidative stress and arrested cell cycle in C. auris and therefore, it can be considered as a strong candidate for antifungal drug development against C. auris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Younus Wani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Faisal Mohammed Aqlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Al-Bogami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Souza RLD, Dantas AGB, Melo CDO, Felício IM, Oliveira EE. Nanotechnology as a tool to improve the biological activity of carvacrol: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Effects of Origanum vulgare and Scutellaria baicalensis on the Physiological Activity and Biochemical Parameters of the Blood in Rats on a High-Fat Diet. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of medicinal plants play a primary role in the mild correction of body weight in humans and animals, reducing the accumulation of fat in their bodies during a state of obesity. Origanum vulgare L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are widely used as food additives and medicinal plants, but their comprehensive physiological evaluation in model animals in a state of obesity has not been carried out. In a 30-day laboratory experiment on male rats which had developed obesity through a hypercaloric diet, the effects of adding the dry crushed grass O. vulgare or dry crushed roots of S. baicalensis to their feed was evaluated. During the experiment, the rats fed with O. vulgare increased in body weight to only 105.5% of their initial weight, while the body weight of the control group increased to 111.5%, and that of animals fed on S. baicalensis increased to 124.0% of their initial body weight. The average daily increase in the rats’ body weight when O. vulgare was added to their diet decreased to 205 mg/day, and when S. baicalensis was added, on the contrary, it increased to 1417 mg/day, compared to 700 mg/day among the control group. Under the influence of O. vulgare, the lipid metabolism of the rats normalized: the atherogenic index decreased to 33.7%, compared with the values of the control group, due to an increase in the concentration of high-density lipoproteins from cholesterol. The concentration of triglycerides decreased, and the concentration of glucose decreased. The roots of S. baicalensis being added into the diet of rats increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and decreased the concentration of urea. The atherogenic index also decreased (by up to 35.5% in the control group) and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased, while the concentrations of triglycerides and glucose decreased. The physical activity of the rats showed a slight tendency to decrease when both O. vulgare and S. baicalensis were added to their diet. Both plant species contributed to a decrease in the emotional status of animals, which was most pronounced when the O. vulgare grass was added to the feed. The results of the study demonstrate the potential of the use of O. vulgare and S. baicalensis as herbal supplementations for the correction of hyperlipidemia and type-2 diabetes mellitus in overweight patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wijesundara NM, Lee SF, Rupasinghe HPV. Carvacrol inhibits Streptococcus pyogenes biofilms by suppressing the expression of genes associated with quorum-sensing and reducing cell surface hydrophobicity. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105684. [PMID: 35863588 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a leading cause of chronic and acute infections, including streptococcus pharyngitis. Biofilm formation by S. pyogenes can cause tolerance against antibiotics. Although penicillin remains the first choice of antibiotic for S. pyogenes, alternative approaches have gained interest due to treatment failures and hypersensitive individuals. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid from herbal plants with selective biocidal activity on S. pyogenes. Therefore, the present study reveals the efficacy of carvacrol in inhibiting and eradicating S. pyogenes biofilm. The antibiofilm activities were investigated using colorimetric assays, microscopy, cell surface hydrophobicity, gene expression analysis, and in-silico analysis. Carvacrol also showed a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) against S. pyogenes of 125 μg/mL. The electron microscopic and confocal microscopic analyses revealed a dose-dependent suppression of biofilm formation and a reduction in the biofilm thickness by carvacrol. Carvacrol also inhibited the biofilm-associated virulence factors such as cell surface hydrophobicity. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the downregulation of speB, srtB, luxS, covS, dltA, ciaH, and hasA genes involved in biofilm formation. The results suggested the therapeutic potential of carvacrol against biofilm-associated streptococcal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niluni M Wijesundara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka; Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Song F Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Health Authority, and the Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oils Prepared at Different Plant Phenophases on Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS-Activated THP-1 Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071330. [PMID: 35883820 PMCID: PMC9311800 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) is widely used as an alternative therapy especially for infections of the upper respiratory tract. TEO possesses antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. The emerging antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has prompted the urge to find alternative treatments. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of thymol, the main compound of TEO, and two TEOs prepared at the beginning and at the end of the flowering period that may make these oils promising candidates as complementary or alternative therapies against P. aeruginosa infections. The activity measurements of the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase (PX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the determination of total antioxidant capacity of P. aeruginosa-activated THP-1 cells revealed that thymol and both TEOs increased CAT and SOD activity as well as the antioxidant capacity of the THP-1 cells. The measurements of the proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and secreted protein level of LPS-activated THP-1 cells showed that from the two TEOs, only TEO prepared at the beginning of the flowering period acted as a potent inhibitor of the synthesis of IL-6, IL-8, IL-β, and TNF-α. Our results suggest that not only thymol, but also the synergism or the antagonistic effects of the additional compounds of the essential oils are responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of TEOs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Prospecting of essential oils in combination with florfenicol against motile Aeromonas isolated from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:392. [PMID: 35704068 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Natural products with antimicrobial activity and their association with synthetic antimicrobials are a sustainable option in fish farming. The objective of this study was to determine antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm potential and synergism of five essential oils (EOs) with florfenicol against motile Aeromonas isolated from Amazonian Colossoma macropomum. As their major constituent, the EOs of the species of Aloysia triphylla, Croton cajucara (red and white morphotype), Cymbopongo citratus and Lippia gracilis present β-pinene (22.1%), germacrene D (11.5%), linalool (23%), geranial (45.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%), respectively. The EOs of L. gracilis and C. citratus showed the best antimicrobial activities against the Aeromonas strains (5 mg mL-1). All EOs interfered with biofilm formation and consolidated biofilm. The EOs of A. triphylla, C. citratus and L. gracilis showed a synergistic effect with florfenicol, reducing the amount of the chemical into the water systems while treatment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Vlčko T, Rathod NB, Kulawik P, Ozogul Y, Ozogul F. The impact of aromatic plant-derived bioactive compounds on seafood quality and safety. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:275-339. [PMID: 36064295 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds have been extensively studied and used within food industry for the last few decades. Those compounds have been used to extend the shelf-life and improve physico-chemical and sensory properties on food products. They have also been used as nutraceuticals due to broad range of potential health-promoting properties. Unlike the synthetic additives, the natural plant-derived compounds are more acceptable and often regarded as safer by the consumers. This chapter summarizes the extraction methods and sources of those plant-derived bioactives as well as recent findings in relation to their health-promoting properties, including cardio-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immuno-modulatory and neuro-protective properties. In addition, the impact of applying those plant-derived compounds on seafood products is also investigated by reviewing the recent studies on their use as anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, coloring and flavoring agents as well as freshness indicators. Moreover, the current limitations of the use of plant-derived bioactive compounds as well as future prospects are discussed. The discoveries show high potential of those compounds and the possibility to apply on many different seafood. The compounds can be applied as individual while more and more studies are showing synergetic effect when those compounds are used in combination providing new important research possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vlčko
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak Agriculture University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Department of Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Management, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Roha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piotr Kulawik
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khalil M, Serale N, Diab F, Baldini F, Portincasa P, Lupidi G, Vergani L. Beneficial Effects of Carvacrol on In Vitro Models of Metabolically-Associated Liver Steatosis and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Role for Fatty Acids in Interfering with Carvacrol Binding to Serum Albumin. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5113-5129. [PMID: 35366761 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220401103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Carvacrol, a plant phenolic monoterpene, is largely employed as
food additive and phytochemical.
Objective:
We aimed to assess the lipid lowering and protective effects of carvacrol in
vitro using cellular models of hepatic steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. We also investigated if and how the binding of carvacrol to albumin, the physiological transporter
for small compounds in the blood, might be altered by the presence of high levels of fatty
acids (FAs).
Methods:
Hepatic FaO cells treated with exogenous FAs mimic hepatosteatosis; endothelial HECV cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide are a model of endothelial dysfunction. In
these models, we measured spectrophotometrically lipid accumulation and release,
lipoperoxidation, free radical production, and nitric oxide release before and after treatment with carvacrol. The carvacrol binding to albumin in the presence or absence of high
levels of FAs was assessed by absorption and emission spectroscopies.
Results:
Carvacrol counteracted lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in hepatocytes
and protected endothelial cells from oxidative stress and dysfunction. Moreover, high levels of FAs reduced the binding of carvacrol to albumin.
Conclusion:
The results suggest the good potential of carvacrol in ameliorating dysfunction of hepatic and endothelial cells in vitro. High levels of circulating FAs might compete with carvacrol for binding to albumin thus influencing its transport and bio-distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy
| | - Nadia Serale
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy
| | - Farah Diab
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University
of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Haly
| | - Francesca Baldini
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia,
Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University
of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Haly
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marconi GD, Della Rocca Y, Fonticoli L, Guarnieri S, Carradori S, Rajan TS, Pizzicannella J, Diomede F. The Beneficial Effect of Carvacrol in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes Treated with LPS-G: Anti-Inflammatory Pathway Investigations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020386. [PMID: 35204269 PMCID: PMC8869563 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol (CAR), a natural phenolic monoterpene, possesses different biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current study aimed to evaluate the response of HL-1 cardiomyocytes to an inflammatory stimulus triggered by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (LPS-G), alone or in co-treatment with CAR, to investigate the potential protective role of CAR in the inflammatory process through modulation of the TLR4/NFκB/NALP3/IL-1β pathway and ROS production. In an in vitro experiment, HL-1 cardiomyocytes were exposed to LPS-G and incubated with CAR. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of CAR by the reduction in TLR4, NFκB, NALP3, and IL-1β expression using immunofluorescence staining. Western blot analysis also validated the modulation of the TLR4/NFκB/NALP3/IL-1β pathway. ROS analyses confirmed the protective effects of CAR. Our results suggest that CAR could provide a significant protection role against inflammatory stimulus generated by LPS-G, involving the suppression of the TLR4/NFκB/NALP3/IL-1β signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (Y.D.R.); (L.F.); (F.D.)
| | - Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (Y.D.R.); (L.F.); (F.D.)
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | | | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Ss. Annunziata Hospital, ASL 02 Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (Y.D.R.); (L.F.); (F.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Corrado I, Di Girolamo R, Regalado-González C, Pezzella C. Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Based Nanoparticles as Essential Oil Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14010166. [PMID: 35012189 PMCID: PMC8747694 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) represent a green alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents in food preservation. Due to their volatility and instability, their application is dependent on the development of efficient encapsulation strategies allowing their protection and release control. Encapsulation in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) addresses this challenge, providing a biodegradable and biobased material whose delivery properties can be tuned by varying polymer composition. In this work, EO from Mexican oregano was efficiently encapsulated in Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate (PHB-HHx)-based NPs by solvent evaporation technique achieving high encapsulation efficiency, (>60%) and loading capacity, (about 50%). The obtained NPs displayed a regular distribution with a size range of 150–210 nm. In vitro release studies in food simulant media were fitted with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, indicating diffusion as the main factor controlling the release. The cumulative release was affected by the polymer composition, possibly related to the more amorphous nature of the copolymer, as confirmed by WAXS and DSC analyses. Both the EO-loaded nanosystems displayed antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus, with PHB-HHx-based NPs being even more effective than the pure EO. The results open the way to the effective exploitation of the developed nanosystems in active packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Corrado
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Carlos Regalado-González
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Col. Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico;
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Łopusiewicz Ł, Macieja S, Bartkowiak A, El Fray M. Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of Functional Poly(Butylene Succinate) Films Modified with Curcumin and Carvacrol. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7882. [PMID: 34947476 PMCID: PMC8704623 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of food industry waste as bioactive compounds in the modification of biodegradable films as food packaging remains a major challenge. This study describes the preparation and bioactivity characterization of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)-based films with the addition of the bioactive compounds curcumin (CUR) and carvacrol (CAR). Films based on PBS modified with curcumin and carvacrol at different concentration variations (0%/0.1%/1%) were prepared by solvent casting method. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties were investigated against bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (Candida albicans). As a result of the modification, the films exhibited free radicals scavenging (DPPH up to 91.47% and ABTS up to 99.21%), as well as antimicrobial (6 log, 4 log, and 2 log reductions for E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively, for samples modified with 1% CUR and 1% CAR) activity. Moreover, antibiofilm activity of modified materials was observed (8.22-87.91% reduction of biofilm, depending on bioactive compounds concentration). PBS films modified with curcumin and carvacrol with observed bifunctional properties have many potential applications as active packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Szymon Macieja
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Artur Bartkowiak
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Mirosława El Fray
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Al. Piastów 45, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ismail M, Srivastava V, Marimani M, Ahmad A. Carvacrol modulates the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in Candida auris. Res Microbiol 2021; 173:103916. [PMID: 34863882 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks associated with Candida auris has notably increased around the globe. Being newly discovered, the evolutionary characteristics of this fungus are unexplored. The crucial feature associated with this pathogen is its multidrug resistance against the available antifungals, which renders a crucial need for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Activation of the antioxidant defence system has been reported as a common mechanism used by pathogens to escape drug toxicity. This system has also recently been recognized as an emerging antifungal drug target. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the anti-Candida activity of carvacrol on the growth and survival of C. auris, gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the effect on lipid peroxidation (LPO). The antifungal activity of carvacrol was determined using the microdilution method whereby the proliferation of C. auris was inhibited at an MIC range of 125-500μg/mL. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that carvacrol caused an adequate amount of oxidative stress which was clearly demonstrated by the significant increase in the activity and gene expression of primary antioxidant enzymes as well as LPO. This is the first study involving the antioxidant defence system of C. auris and provide attestation of oxidative stress induced by carvacrol in this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mishka Ismail
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vartika Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Musa Marimani
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Effectiveness of the Influence of Selected Essential Oils on the Growth of Parasitic Fusarium Isolated from Wheat Kernels from Central Europe. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216488. [PMID: 34770893 PMCID: PMC8588391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of selected seven commercial essential oils (EsO) (grapefruit, lemongrass, tea tree (TTO), thyme, verbena, cajeput, and Litsea cubeba) on isolates of common Central European parasitic fungal species of Fusarium obtained from infected wheat kernels, and to evaluate the oils as potential natural fungicides. The study was conducted in 2 stages. At each stage, the fungicidal activity of EsO (with concentrations of 0.025; 0.05; 0.125; 0.25; 0.50; 1.0, and 2.0%) against Fusarium spp. was evaluated using the disc plate method and zones of growth inhibition were measured. At the first stage, the fungistatic activity of EsO was evaluated against four species of Fusarium from the Polish population (F. avenaceum FAPL, F. culmorum FCPL, F. graminearum FGPL and F. oxysporum FOPL). The correlation coefficient between the mycelial growth rate index (T) and the fungistatic activity (FA) was calculated. At the second stage, on the basis of the mycelium growth rate index, the effectiveness of the EsO in limiting the development of Fusarium isolates from the German population (F. culmorum FC1D, F. culmorum FC2D, F. graminearum FG1D, F. graminearum FG2D and F. poae FP0D) was assessed. The first and second stage results presented as a growth rate index were then used to indicate essential oils (as potential natural fungicides) effectively limiting the development of various common Central European parasitic species Fusarium spp. Finally, the sensitivity of four Fusarium isolates from the Polish population and five Fusarium isolates from the German population was compared. The data were compiled in STATISTICA 13.0 (StatSoft, Inc, CA, USA) at the significance level of 0.05. Fusarium isolates from the German population were generally more sensitive than those from the Polish population. The sensitivity of individual Fusarium species varied. Their vulnerability, regardless of the isolate origin, in order from the most to the least sensitive, is as follows: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. avenaceum and F. oxysporum. The strongest fungicidal activity, similar to Funaben T, showed thyme oil (regardless of the concentration). Performance of citral oils (lemongrass and Litsea cubeba) was similar but at a concentration above 0.025%.
Collapse
|
26
|
The Antibiofilm Nanosystems for Improved Infection Inhibition of Microbes in Skin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216392. [PMID: 34770799 PMCID: PMC8587837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for the opportunistic microorganisms that elicit skin infections. The recalcitrant feature of biofilms and their antibiotic tolerance impose a great challenge on the use of conventional therapies. Most antibacterial agents have difficulty penetrating the matrix produced by a biofilm. One novel approach to address these concerns is to prevent or inhibit the formation of biofilms using nanoparticles. The advantages of using nanosystems for antibiofilm applications include high drug loading efficiency, sustained or prolonged drug release, increased drug stability, improved bioavailability, close contact with bacteria, and enhanced accumulation or targeting to biomasses. Topically applied nanoparticles can act as a strategy for enhancing antibiotic delivery into the skin. Various types of nanoparticles, including metal oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and lipid-based nanoparticles, have been employed for topical delivery to treat biofilm infections on the skin. Moreover, nanoparticles can be designed to combine with external stimuli to produce magnetic, photothermal, or photodynamic effects to ablate the biofilm matrix. This study focuses on advanced antibiofilm approaches based on nanomedicine for treating skin infections. We provide in-depth descriptions on how the nanoparticles could effectively eliminate biofilms and any pathogens inside them. We then describe cases of using nanoparticles for antibiofilm treatment of the skin. Most of the studies included in this review were supported by in vivo animal infection models. This article offers an overview of the benefits of nanosystems for treating biofilms grown on the skin.
Collapse
|
27
|
Nunes LGP, Reichert T, Machini MT. His-Rich Peptides, Gly- and His-Rich Peptides: Functionally Versatile Compounds with Potential Multi-Purpose Applications. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
28
|
Rathod NB, Kulawik P, Ozogul F, Regenstein JM, Ozogul Y. Biological activity of plant-based carvacrol and thymol and their impact on human health and food quality. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
29
|
Scaffaro R, Maio A, D'Arrigo M, Lopresti F, Marino A, Bruno M, Nostro A. Flexible mats as promising antimicrobial systems via integration of Thymus capitatus (L.) essential oil into PLA. Future Microbiol 2021; 15:1379-1392. [PMID: 33085542 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop electrospun mats loaded with Thymus capitatus (L.) essential oil (ThymEO) and to study their morpho-mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Materials & methods: Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) mats containing ThymEO were prepared by electrospinning. The effect of ThymEO on the morpho-mechanical properties of fibers was assayed by scanning electron microscopy and dynamometer measurements. The antimicrobial activity of ThymEO delivered either in liquid or vapor phase was assessed through killing curves and invert Petri dishes method. The cytotoxicity was also investigated. Results: The mechanical properties were enhanced by integrating ThymEO into PLA. Both liquid and vapors of ThymEO released from mats caused reductions of microbial viable cells. Negligible cytotoxicity was demonstrated. Conclusion: PLA/ThymEO delivery systems could be suitable for treating microbial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Andrea Maio
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Arrigo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical & Environmental Sciences, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical & Environmental Sciences, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical & Environmental Sciences, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, 98168, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang S, He L, Shang J, Chen L, Xu Y, Chen X, Li X, Jiao Q, Jin S, Hu X, Liang W. Carvacrol Suppresses Human Osteosarcoma Cells via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1714-1722. [PMID: 34488595 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210901111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carvacrol is a monoterpenic phenol extracted from traditional Chinese herbs, including oregano and thyme. Currently, carvacrol has been widely studied for its therapeutic role in central nervous system diseases, liver diseases and digestive system cancer. OBJECTIVE However, the role of carvacrol in osteosarcoma and its underlying molecular mechanism remain elusive. Here, we aimed to examine the anticancer effects of carvacrol on osteosarcoma. METHODS The effects of carvacrol on the osteosarcoma proliferation capacity were revealed by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry and Hoechst assays were used to determine the effects of carvacrol on osteosarcoma cell apoptosis. The effect of carvacrol on migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells was determined by wound healing and transwell tests. Protein expression was evaluated by WB assays. The suppressive effects of carvacrol on osteosarcoma in vivo were examined by a xenograft animal model, immunohistochemistry and HE staining. RESULTS We demonstrated that carvacrol treatment reduced viability and inhibited the colony formation of U2OS and 143B cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Apoptotic cell number increased after exposure to carvacrol. Meanwhile, the expression of Bax increased, and that of Bcl-2 decreased by carvacrol treatment. In addition, the MMP-9 expression and migration and invasion of 143B and U2OS cells were inhibited by carvacrol. We also found that these carvacrol-induced effects on osteosarcoma are associated with the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that carvacrol suppresses proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells, in part by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songou Zhang
- Shaoxing University School of Medicine, No.900 Chennan Avenue, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Lei He
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Jinxiang Shang
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Long Chen
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- Shaoxing University School of Medicine, No.900 Chennan Avenue, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Qingchuan Jiao
- Shaoxing University School of Medicine, No.900 Chennan Avenue, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Songtao Jin
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Xujun Hu
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang. China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kunrath MF, Campos MM. Metallic-nanoparticle release systems for biomedical implant surfaces: effectiveness and safety. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:721-739. [PMID: 33896331 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1915401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current focus of bioengineering for implant devices involves the development of functionalized surfaces, bioactive coatings, and metallic nanoparticles (mNPs) with a controlled release, together with strategies for the application of drugs in situ, aiming at reducing infection rates, with an improvement of clinical outcomes. Controversially, negative aspects, such as cytotoxicity, mNP incorporation, bioaccumulation, acquired autoimmunity, and systemic toxicity have gained attention at the same status of importance, concerning the release of mNPs from these surface systems. The balance between the promising prospects of system releasing mNPs and the undesirable long-term adverse reactions require further investigation. The scarcity of knowledge and the methods of analysis of nanoscale-based systems to control the sequence of migration, interaction, and nanoparticle incorporation with human tissues raise hesitation about their efficacy and safety. Looking ahead, this innovative approach requires additional scientific investigation for permitting an evolution of implants without counterpoints, while updating implant surface technologies to a new level of development. This critical review has explored the promising properties of metals at the nano-scale to promote broad-spectrum bacterial control, allowing for a decrease in using systemic antibiotics. Attempts have also been made to discuss the existing limitations and the future challenges regarding these technologies, besides the negative findings that are explored in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria M Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Alibi S, Crespo D, Navas J. Plant-Derivatives Small Molecules with Antibacterial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:231. [PMID: 33668943 PMCID: PMC7996626 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vegetal world constitutes the main factory of chemical products, in particular secondary metabolites like phenols, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Many of these compounds are small molecules with antibacterial activity, although very few are actually in the market as antibiotics for clinical practice or as food preservers. The path from the detection of antibacterial activity in a plant extract to the practical application of the active(s) compound(s) is long, and goes through their identification, purification, in vitro and in vivo analysis of their biological and pharmacological properties, and validation in clinical trials. This review presents an update of the main contributions published on the subject, focusing on the compounds that showed activity against multidrug-resistant relevant bacterial human pathogens, paying attention to their mechanisms of action and synergism with classical antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Alibi
- Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia 5121, Tunisia;
| | - Dámaso Crespo
- BIOMEDAGE Group, Faculty of Medicine, Cantabria University, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Jesús Navas
- BIOMEDAGE Group, Faculty of Medicine, Cantabria University, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Łopusiewicz Ł, Kwiatkowski P, Drozłowska E, Trocer P, Kostek M, Śliwiński M, Polak-Śliwińska M, Kowalczyk E, Sienkiewicz M. Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Bioactive Composite Films Modified with Fungal Melanin and Carvacrol. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040499. [PMID: 33562865 PMCID: PMC7914822 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparation of biodegradable packaging materials and valorisation of food industry residues to achieve "zero waste" goals is still a major challenge. Herein, biopolymer-based (carboxymethyl cellulose-CMC) bioactive films were prepared by the addition, alone or in combination, of carvacrol and fungal melanin isolated from champignon mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) agro-industrial residues. The mechanical, optical, thermal, water vapour, and UV-Vis barrier properties were studied. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy studies were carried out to analyse the chemical composition of the resulting films. Antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities were also determined. Both CMC/melanin and CMC/melanin/carvacrol films showed some antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The addition of melanin increased the UV-blocking, mechanical, water vapour barrier, and antioxidant properties without substantially reducing the transparency of the films. The addition of carvacrol caused loss of transparency, however, composite CMC/melanin/carvacrol films showed excellent antioxidant activity and enhanced mechanical strength. The developed bioactive biopolymer films have a good potential to be green bioactive alternatives to plastic films in food packaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (E.D.); (P.T.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-449-6135
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Emilia Drozłowska
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (E.D.); (P.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Paulina Trocer
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (E.D.); (P.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Mateusz Kostek
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (E.D.); (P.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariusz Śliwiński
- Dairy Industry Innovation Institute Ltd., Kormoranów 1, 11-700 Mrągowo, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Polak-Śliwińska
- Chair of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszyński 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-752 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Łódź, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Łódź, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aljaafari MN, AlAli AO, Baqais L, Alqubaisy M, AlAli M, Molouki A, Ong-Abdullah J, Abushelaibi A, Lai KS, Lim SHE. An Overview of the Potential Therapeutic Applications of Essential Oils. Molecules 2021; 26:628. [PMID: 33530290 PMCID: PMC7866131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has urged researchers to explore therapeutic alternatives, one of which includes the use of natural plant products such as essential oils (EO). In fact, EO obtained from clove, oregano, thymus, cinnamon bark, rosemary, eucalyptus, and lavender have been shown to present significant inhibitory effects on bacteria, fungi, and viruses; many studies have been done to measure EO efficacy against microorganisms. The strategy of combinatory effects via conventional and non-conventional methods revealed that the combined effects of EO-EO or EO-antibiotic exhibit enhanced efficacy. This paper aims to review the antimicrobial effects of EO, modes of EO action (membrane disruption, efflux inhibition, increase membrane permeability, and decrease in intracellular ATP), and their compounds' potential as effective agents against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It is hoped that the integration of EO applications in this work can be used to consider EO for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Nasser Aljaafari
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Asma Obaid AlAli
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Laila Baqais
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Maream Alqubaisy
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Mudhi AlAli
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31585-854, Iran;
| | - Janna Ong-Abdullah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia;
| | | | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| | - Swee-Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, UAE; (M.N.A.); (A.O.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (K.-S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sisto F, Carradori S, Guglielmi P, Traversi CB, Spano M, Sobolev AP, Secci D, Di Marcantonio MC, Haloci E, Grande R, Mincione G. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Carvacrol-Based Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of H. pylori Strains and AGS Cell Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E405. [PMID: 33228095 PMCID: PMC7699384 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the synthesis, structural assessment, microbiological screening against several strains of H. pylori and antiproliferative activity against human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells of a large series of carvacrol-based compounds. Structural analyses consisted of elemental analysis, 1H/13C/19F NMR spectra and crystallographic studies. The structure-activity relationships evidenced that among ether derivatives the substitution with specific electron-withdrawing groups (CF3 and NO2) especially in the para position of the benzyl ring led to an improvement of the antimicrobial activity, whereas electron-donating groups on the benzyl ring and ethereal alkyl chains were not tolerated with respect to the parent compound (MIC/MBC = 64/64 µg/mL). Ester derivatives (coumarin-carvacrol hybrids) displayed a slight enhancement of the inhibitory activity up to MIC values of 8-16 µg/mL. The most interesting compounds exhibiting the lowest MIC/MBC activity against H. pylori (among others, compounds 16 and 39 endowed with MIC/MBC values ranging between 2/2 to 32/32 µg/mL against all the evaluated strains) were also assayed for their ability to reduce AGS cell growth with respect to 5-Fluorouracil. Some derivatives can be regarded as new lead compounds able to reduce H. pylori growth and to counteract the proliferation of AGS cells, both contributing to the occurrence of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sisto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.B.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.G.); (M.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Carmen Beatrice Traversi
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.B.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Mattia Spano
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.G.); (M.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Institute for Biological Systems, “Annalaura Segre” Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, CNR, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy;
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.G.); (M.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Entela Haloci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Tirana, Rr. Dibres 369, 1001 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.B.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Gabriella Mincione
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.D.M.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kang J, Song KB. Combined washing effect of noni extract and oregano essential oil on the decontamination of
Listeria monocytogenes
on romaine lettuce. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Hoon Kang
- Department of Food Science and Technology Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Korea
| | - Kyung Bin Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Swetha TK, Vikraman A, Nithya C, Hari Prasath N, Pandian SK. Synergistic antimicrobial combination of carvacrol and thymol impairs single and mixed-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:1256-1271. [PMID: 33435734 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1869949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis are important opportunistic human pathogens, which form mixed-species biofilms and cause recalcitrant device associated infections in clinical settings. Further to many reports suggesting the therapeutic potential of plant-derived monoterpenoids, this study investigated the interaction of the monoterpenoids carvacrol (C) and thymol (T) against mono- and mixed-species growth of C. albicans and S. epidermidis. C and T exhibited synergistic antimicrobial activity. The time-kill study and post-antimicrobial effect results revealed the effective microbicidal action of the C + T combination. Filamentation, surface coating assays and live-dead staining of biofilms determined the anti-hyphal, antiadhesion, and anti-biofilm activities of the C + T combination, respectively. Notably, this combination killed highly tolerant persister cells of mono-species and mixed-species biofilms and demonstrated less risk of resistance development. The collective data suggest that the C + T combination could act as an effective therapeutic agent against biofilm associated mono-species and mixed-species infections of C. albicans and S. epidermidis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arumugam Vikraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chari Nithya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gómez-Sequeda N, Cáceres M, Stashenko EE, Hidalgo W, Ortiz C. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Essential Oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110730. [PMID: 33114324 PMCID: PMC7690905 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms represents a global challenge due to the lack of new effective antimicrobial agents. In this sense, essential oils (EOs) are an alternative to be considered because of their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofilm biological activities. Therefore, multiple efforts have been made to consider the potential use of EOs in the treatment of infections which are caused by resistant microorganisms. In this study, 15 EOs of both Colombian and introduced aromatic plants were evaluated against pathogenic strains of E. coli O157:H7 and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in planktonic and sessile states in order to identify relevant and promising alternatives for the treatment of microbial infections. Forty different compounds were identified in the 15 EO with nine of them constituted mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes (OM). EOs from Lippia origanoides, chemotypes thymol, and carvacrol, displayed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 (MIC50 = 0.9 and 0.3 mg/mL, respectively) and MRSA (MIC50 = 1.2 and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively). These compounds from EOs had also the highest antibiofilm activity (inhibition percentage > 70.3%). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), changes in the size and morphology of both bacteria were observed when they were exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of L. origanoides EO carvacrol chemotype. EOs from L. origanoides, thymol, and carvacrol chemotypes represented a viable alternative for the treatment of microbial infections; however, the Selectivity Index (SI ≤ 3) indicated that it was necessary to study alternatives to reduce its in vitro cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gómez-Sequeda
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (N.G.-S.); (M.C.); (C.O.)
| | - Marlon Cáceres
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (N.G.-S.); (M.C.); (C.O.)
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia;
| | - William Hidalgo
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (N.G.-S.); (M.C.); (C.O.)
- Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (N.G.-S.); (M.C.); (C.O.)
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas, CROM-MASS-CENIVAM, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Niza E, Božik M, Bravo I, Clemente-Casares P, Lara-Sanchez A, Juan A, Klouček P, Alonso-Moreno C. PEI-coated PLA nanoparticles to enhance the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol. Food Chem 2020; 328:127131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
40
|
Mir M, Permana AD, Tekko IA, McCarthy HO, Ahmed N, Rehman AU, Donnelly RF. Microneedle liquid injection system assisted delivery of infection responsive nanoparticles: A promising approach for enhanced site-specific delivery of carvacrol against polymicrobial biofilms-infected wounds. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119643. [PMID: 32702455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms present a challenge to wound healing and are among the most feared complications through the course of wound management. Carvacrol (CAR) has manifested its antibiofilm potential against multidrug resistant bacterial biofilms. Herein, infection responsive nanoparticles (NPs) of CAR were developed (particle size: 199 ± 8.21 nm and drug load: 1.35 mg/100 µL) and microneedle liquid injection systems (AdminPen®) of various specifications were investigated as delivery devices to achieve the higher concentrations (in contrast to the concentrations delivered through topical hydrogel) of NPs at the target site. The results exhibited an improved biosafety and antibiofilm activity of CAR after encapsulation into the NPs. Ex vivo skin insertion and dermatokinetic studies suggested that AdminPen® 1500 was the most suitable device, as compared to AdminPen® 777 and 1200. Finally, animal studies showed that AdminPen® 1500 delivered around 8.5 times higher concentrations of CAR in the form of NPs as compared with pure CAR from topically applied hydrogel. Moreover, 50% of the delivered NPs from the AdminPen® 1500 were retained at the site of application for 72 h, in contrast to the pure CAR from the hydrogel (5.2% only). Thus, AdminPen® assisted delivery of bacterial enzyme responsive NPs could be an effective approach for enhanced site-specific accumulation of CAR to potentially achieve the prolonged desired antibiofilm effect. However, further in vivo efficacy in a diseased model must now be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90234, Indonesia
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oregano Oil and Its Principal Component, Carvacrol, Inhibit HIV-1 Fusion into Target Cells. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00147-20. [PMID: 32461309 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00147-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oregano essential oil has long been known for its health-promoting benefits. Here, we report its activity against viral replication. Oregano oil was found to specifically inhibit lentiviruses, such as human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), irrespective of virus tropism, but not hepatitis C virus, adenovirus 5 (ADV5), Zika virus, and influenza (H1N1) virus. Oregano oil's most abundant components, carvacrol and its isomer, thymol, were shown to block virus-target cell fusion while not perturbing other stages of the virus life cycle. We detected changes in virus particle density, suggesting that cholesterol depletion from the HIV-1 envelope membrane reduces virus entry. Furthermore, infection was rescued by adding exogenous cholesterol. The evolution of viral resistance to carvacrol supported this mechanism of action with the identification of mutations in the viral gp41 fusion protein that counteracted cholesterol depletion. In addition, resistance to carvacrol emerged later than typically observed for other clinically used drugs, strengthening its antiviral potential. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed key motifs of carvacrol and thymol required for HIV neutralization and identified previously unknown active analogs. Carvacrol was also shown to additively cooperate with antiretroviral therapy. In sum, oregano oil and improved carvacrol and thymol analogs could be considered to supplement current HIV therapeutics.IMPORTANCE Oregano essential oil has multiple benefits in traditional medicine, cosmetics, and food industries. Carvacrol and its analog, thymol, are well-described components of oregano oil. Here, we show that these compounds inhibit HIV-target cell fusion independently of viral tropism. Our results suggest that carvacrol and thymol alter the cholesterol content of the viral membrane, blocking HIV-1 entry into the target cell. Resistance to carvacrol has selected for viruses with mutations in the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp41. This protein is known for its interaction with cholesterol present in membrane lipid rafts. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of therapies targeting the viral envelope membrane, and oregano oil is a safe supplement to antiretrovirals, potentially delaying disease progression and resistance development.
Collapse
|
42
|
Individual and Combined Coatings of Chitosan and Carnauba Wax with Oregano Essential Oil to Avoid Water Loss and Microbial Decay of Fresh Cucumber. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of individual and combined coatings of chitosan (0.008 g·mL−1) and carnauba wax (0.1 g·mL−1) with oregano essential oil (OEO, 0.08 g·mL−1) to reduce dehydration and microbial decay of fresh cucumbers stored at 10 °C. Chitosan-OEO-wax films showed the lowest water vapor transmission rate (0.141 g·m−2·h−1), compared to single chitosan films (0.257 g·m−2·h−1). While chitosan-OEO films completely inhibited the in vitro growth of Alternaria alternata and reduced the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, mesophilic bacteria, and fungi isolated from decayed cucumbers. Besides, the infrared analysis of chitosan-OEO-wax films showed shifts in O–H and N–H absorption bands, indicating possible hydrogen bonding between the components. Wax and wax-OEO were the most effective coatings to prevent weight loss in cucumbers during 15 days of storage at 10 °C, while the most effective antimicrobial treatments were chitosan and chitosan-OEO. Therefore, these results showed that carnauba wax and carnauba wax-OEO coatings were the most effective in weight loss, whereas chitosan and chitosan-OEO were the most effective to reduce the microbial load of the treated fresh cucumber.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gorlenko CL, Kiselev HY, Budanova EV, Zamyatnin AA, Ikryannikova LN. Plant Secondary Metabolites in the Battle of Drugs and Drug-Resistant Bacteria: New Heroes or Worse Clones of Antibiotics? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040170. [PMID: 32290036 PMCID: PMC7235868 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all regions of the world. Bacterial drug resistance has grown in the last decades, but the rate of discovery of new antibiotics has steadily decreased. Therefore, the search for new effective antibacterial agents has become a top priority. The plant kingdom seems to be a deep well for searching for novel antimicrobial agents. This is due to the many attractive features of plants: they are readily available and cheap, extracts or compounds from plant sources often demonstrate high-level activity against pathogens, and they rarely have severe side effects. The huge variety of plant-derived compounds provides very diverse chemical structures that may supply both the novel mechanisms of antimicrobial action and provide us with new targets within the bacterial cell. In addition, the rapid development of modern biotechnologies opens up the way for obtaining bioactive compounds in environmentally friendly and low-toxic conditions. In this short review, we ask the question: do antibacterial agents derived from plants have a chance to become a panacea against infectious diseases in the "post-antibiotics era".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill L. Gorlenko
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Herman Yu. Kiselev
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Elena V. Budanova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.A.Z.J.); (L.N.I.); Tel.: +7-495-622-98-43 (A.A.Z.J.); +7-910-472-01-49 (L.N.I.)
| | - Larisa N. Ikryannikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.Z.J.); (L.N.I.); Tel.: +7-495-622-98-43 (A.A.Z.J.); +7-910-472-01-49 (L.N.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Enhancement in site-specific delivery of carvacrol for potential treatment of infected wounds using infection responsive nanoparticles loaded into dissolving microneedles: A proof of concept study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 147:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
45
|
Poly(lactic acid)/carvacrol-based materials: preparation, physicochemical properties, and antimicrobial activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1823-1835. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
46
|
Mir M, Ahmed N, Permana AD, Rodgers AM, Donnelly RF, Rehman A. Enhancement in Site-Specific Delivery of Carvacrol against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Induced Skin Infections Using Enzyme Responsive Nanoparticles: A Proof of Concept Study. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E606. [PMID: 31766227 PMCID: PMC6921059 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) induced skin infections have become a challenging problem due to the escalating antibiotic resistance. Carvacrol (CAR) has been reported to be effective against MRSA. However, due to its characteristics, CAR exhibits low skin retention. In this study, CAR was formulated into site-specific nanoparticle (NPs) delivery system using poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), following incorporation into a hydrogel matrix to facilitate dermal delivery. The release study exhibited significantly higher release of CAR from PCL NPs in the presence of bacterial lipase, highlighting its potential for differential delivery. Moreover, encapsulation of CAR in PCL NPs resulted in a two-fold increase in its anti-MRSA activity. Dermatokinetic studies revealed that the NPs loaded hydrogel was able to enhance skin retention of CAR after 24 h (83.29 ± 3.15%), compared to free CAR-loaded hydrogel (0.85 ± 0.14%). Importantly, this novel approach exhibited effective antimicrobial activity in an ex-vivo skin infection model. Hence, these findings have proven the concept that the loading of CAR into a responsive NPs system can lead to sustained antimicrobial effect at the desired site, and may provide a novel effective approach for treatment of MRSA induced skin infections. However, further studies must be conducted to investigate in-vivo efficacy of the developed system in an appropriate infection model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.M.); (N.A.)
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (A.D.P.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (A.D.P.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90234, Indonesia
| | - Aoife Maria Rodgers
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (A.D.P.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (A.D.P.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Asim.ur. Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.M.); (N.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zaccaria V, Garzarella EU, Di Giovanni C, Galeotti F, Gisone L, Campoccia D, Volpi N, Arciola CR, Daglia M. Multi Dynamic Extraction: An Innovative Method to Obtain a Standardized Chemically and Biologically Reproducible Polyphenol Extract from Poplar-Type Propolis to Be Used for Its Anti-Infective Properties. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223746. [PMID: 31766311 PMCID: PMC6888584 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial activity is a well-known property of propolis, making it a candidate for antimicrobial surfaces in biomedical devices. Nevertheless, large-scale use of propolis as an anti-infective agent is limited by the heterogeneity of its chemical composition and consequent variation in antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the multi dynamic extraction (M.E.D.) method produces standardized polyphenolic mixtures from poplar-type propolis, with reproducible chemical composition and anti-microbial activity, independently from the chemical composition of the starting raw propolis. Three raw propolis samples, from Europe, America, and Asia, were analyzed for their polyphenol chemical composition by means of HPLC-UV and then combined to obtain three mixtures of propolis, which werme submitted to the M.E.D. extraction method. The chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of M.E.D. propolis against bacteria and fungi were determined. The three M.E.D. propolis showed similar chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities, exhibiting no relevant differences against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant strains. The batch-to-batch reproducibility of propolis extracts obtained with the M.E.D. method encourages the design of drugs alternative to traditional antibiotics and the development of anti-infective surface-modified biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Zaccaria
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Pavia University, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Emanuele Ugo Garzarella
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutraceutical Lab, University of the Naples, Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.U.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Carmen Di Giovanni
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutraceutical Lab, University of the Naples, Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.U.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Fabio Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41121 Modena, Italy; (F.G.); (N.V.)
| | - Lucia Gisone
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Pavia University, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41121 Modena, Italy; (F.G.); (N.V.)
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.R.A.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-051-636-6599 (C.R.A.); Tel.: +39-081-678-644 (M.D.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutraceutical Lab, University of the Naples, Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.U.G.); (C.D.G.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (C.R.A.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-051-636-6599 (C.R.A.); Tel.: +39-081-678-644 (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zirconium Carboxyaminophosphonate Nanosheets as Support for Ag Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193185. [PMID: 31569365 PMCID: PMC6804208 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A layered insoluble inorganic-organic solid, namely zirconium phosphate glycine-N,N-bismethylphosphonate, was used to prepare dispersions of nanosheets to support active metals such as metallic silver nanoparticles and zinc ions. Zr phosphate-phosphonate microcrystals were first exfoliated with methylamine to produce a stable colloidal dispersion and then the methylamine was removed by treatment with hydrochloric acid. The obtained colloidal dispersion of Zr phosphate-phosphonate nanosheets was used to immobilize silver or zinc cations, via ion exchange, with the acidic protons of the sheets. The layered matrix showed a great affinity for the metal cations up taking all the added cations. The treatment of the dispersions containing silver ions with ethanol yielded metal silver nanoparticles grafted on the surface of the layered host. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis transmission electron microscopy, and selected samples were submitted to antimicrobial tests. The nanocomposites based on Ag nanoparticles showed good bactericidal properties against the bacterial reference strain Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis).
Collapse
|
49
|
Antibacterial Properties of a Novel Zirconium Phosphate-Glycinediphosphonate Loaded with Either Zinc or Silver. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193184. [PMID: 31569362 PMCID: PMC6804034 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel compound consisting of a zirconium phosphate-glycinediphosphonate (ZPGly) has recently been introduced. This 2D-structured material forming nanosheets was exfoliated under appropriate conditions, producing colloidal aqueous dispersions (ZPGly-e) which were then loaded with zinc (Zn/ZPGly) or silver ions. Silver ions were subsequently reduced to produce metallic silver nanoparticles on exfoliated ZPGly nanosheets (Ag@ZPGly). In the search for new anti-infective materials, the present study investigated the properties of colloidal dispersions of ZPGly-e, Zn/ZPGly, and Ag@ZPGly. Ag@ZPGly was found to be a bactericidal material and was assayed to define its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) on the five most prevalent pathogens of orthopaedic implant infections, namely: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212, Escherichia coli ATCC51739, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853. MIC and MBC were in the range of 125–250 μg/mL and 125–1000 μg/mL, respectively, with E. coli being the most sensitive species. Even colloidal suspensions of exfoliated ZPGly nanosheets and Zn/ZPGly exhibited some intrinsic antibacterial properties, but only at greater concentrations. Unexpectedly, Zn/ZPGly was less active than ZPGly-e.
Collapse
|
50
|
Fang S, Zhou Q, Hu Y, Liu F, Mei J, Xie J. Antimicrobial Carvacrol Incorporated in Flaxseed Gum-Sodium Alginate Active Films to Improve the Quality Attributes of Chinese Sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) during Cold Storage. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183292. [PMID: 31509981 PMCID: PMC6766946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to explore the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of carvacrol against Vibrio Parahemolyticus, Shewanella putrefaciens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas fluorescens and evaluate the effect of the addition of carvacrol/β-cyclodextrin emulsions to flaxseed gum (FSG)-sodium alginate (SA) edible films on the preservation of Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) fillets during refrigerated storage. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carvacrol against V. parahemolyticus, S. putrefaciens, S. aureus and P. fluorescens were 0.5, 0.5, 0.125, and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase activity assay, nucleotide and protein leakage, and scanning electron microscope demonstrated that carvacrol damaged the external structure of the tested bacterial cells causing leakage of cytoplasmic components. At the same time, when FSG-SA films containing carvacrol used as coating agents for Chinese sea bass fillets cold storage, FSG-SA films containing 1.0 or 2.0 mg/mL carvacrol could significantly reduce TVB-N content, K-value, the degree of microbial deterioration and maintain quality of sea bass fillets according to organoleptic evaluation results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|