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Mohammadparast V, Mallard BL. The effect and underlying mechanisms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on glucose homeostasis: A literature review. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:22-31. [PMID: 35287244 PMCID: PMC10078690 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) is used extensively as a white pigment in the food industry, personal care, and a variety of products of everyday use. Although TiO2 has been categorized as a bioinert material, recent evidence has demonstrated different toxicity profiles of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and a potential health risk to humans. Studies indicated that titanium dioxide enters the systemic circulation and accumulates in the lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, and central nervous system and may cause oxidative stress and tissue damage in these vital organs. Recently, some studies have raised concerns about the possible detrimental effects of TiO2 NPs on glucose homeostasis. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the methodological issues. This article aims to evaluate current evidence regarding the effects of TiO2 NPs on glucose homeostasis, including possible underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the limitations of current studies are discussed, which may provide a comprehensive understanding and new perspectives for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth L Mallard
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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2
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Corsini E, Cubadda F, De Groot D, FitzGerald R, Gunnare S, Gutleb AC, Mast J, Mortensen A, Oomen A, Piersma A, Plichta V, Ulbrich B, Van Loveren H, Benford D, Bignami M, Bolognesi C, Crebelli R, Dusinska M, Marcon F, Nielsen E, Schlatter J, Vleminckx C, Barmaz S, Carfí M, Civitella C, Giarola A, Rincon AM, Serafimova R, Smeraldi C, Tarazona J, Tard A, Wright M. Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06585. [PMID: 33976718 PMCID: PMC8101360 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present opinion deals with an updated safety assessment of the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) based on new relevant scientific evidence considered by the Panel to be reliable, including data obtained with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and data from an extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (EOGRT) study. Less than 50% of constituent particles by number in E 171 have a minimum external dimension < 100 nm. In addition, the Panel noted that constituent particles < 30 nm amounted to less than 1% of particles by number. The Panel therefore considered that studies with TiO2 NPs < 30 nm were of limited relevance to the safety assessment of E 171. The Panel concluded that although gastrointestinal absorption of TiO2 particles is low, they may accumulate in the body. Studies on general and organ toxicity did not indicate adverse effects with either E 171 up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day or with TiO2 NPs (> 30 nm) up to the highest dose tested of 100 mg/kg bw per day. No effects on reproductive and developmental toxicity were observed up to a dose of 1,000 mg E 171/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested in the EOGRT study. However, observations of potential immunotoxicity and inflammation with E 171 and potential neurotoxicity with TiO2 NPs, together with the potential induction of aberrant crypt foci with E 171, may indicate adverse effects. With respect to genotoxicity, the Panel concluded that TiO2 particles have the potential to induce DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damage, but not gene mutations. No clear correlation was observed between the physico-chemical properties of TiO2 particles and the outcome of either in vitro or in vivo genotoxicity assays. A concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles that may be present in E 171 could therefore not be ruled out. Several modes of action for the genotoxicity may operate in parallel and the relative contributions of different molecular mechanisms elicited by TiO2 particles are not known. There was uncertainty as to whether a threshold mode of action could be assumed. In addition, a cut-off value for TiO2 particle size with respect to genotoxicity could not be identified. No appropriately designed study was available to investigate the potential carcinogenic effects of TiO2 NPs. Based on all the evidence available, a concern for genotoxicity could not be ruled out, and given the many uncertainties, the Panel concluded that E 171 can no longer be considered as safe when used as a food additive.
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3
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Oliveira HA, Azevedo A, Rubio J. Removal of flocculated TiO 2 nanoparticles by settling or dissolved air flotation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1001-1012. [PMID: 31378156 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1650123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles of TiO2 (TiO2-NPs) are used in the industry for a great number of applications. After their usage, the particles end up in aquatic environments, contaminating supply waters and watercourses. Bench-scale studies report removal of TiO2-NPs (450 nm, the mean volumetric diameter) by flocculation followed by settling or by dissolved air flotation (4 bar saturation pressure and 30% recycling ratio). Floc formation was conducted after heterocoagulation with iron hydroxide (30-40 mg L-1 Fe3+) and gelatinized corn starch (10-20 mg L-1) as flocculant, at pH 7. Particle size distribution and zeta potential, removal efficiencies as a function of time and microphotography of flocs were analyzed. Mechanisms involve ferric hydroxide precipitation, heterocoagulation with the nanoparticles and flocculation of the loaded carrier precipitates with gelatinized starch. Best results showed removals between 95-100% of TiO2-NPs, either by settling or flotation after 5 min. Clear treated waters with low turbidity < 3 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and TiO2-NPs concentrations <1 mg L-1 were obtained. A practical advantage in DAF was the higher solids content (1.9% w/w) of the sludge, when compared to settling (0.7% w/w). This would facilitate the sludge dewatering and disposal, but DAF has the disadvantage of the poor efficiency at high concentration of the nanoparticles of titanium oxide (>100 mg L-1). Conversely, the removal by settling of the flocs increased at high dosages. It is believed that both processes are sustainable in terms of reagents and the removal efficiencies of TiO2 nanoparticles from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia de Minas Laboratório de Tecnologia Mineral e Ambiental (LTM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Azevedo
- Departamento de Engenharia de Minas Laboratório de Tecnologia Mineral e Ambiental (LTM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J Rubio
- Departamento de Engenharia de Minas Laboratório de Tecnologia Mineral e Ambiental (LTM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Adriana-Berenice PV, Alberto PB, del Pilar RGM, Rebeca LM, José AG, Gutiérrez-Iglesias G. Toxic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Tentschert J, Laux P, Jungnickel H, Brunner J, Estrela-Lopis I, Merker C, Meijer J, Ernst H, Ma-Hock L, Keller J, Landsiedel R, Luch A. Organ burden of inhaled nanoceria in a 2-year low-dose exposure study: dump or depot? Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:554-576. [PMID: 32216600 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1736355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
No detailed information on in vivo biokinetics of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) following chronic low-dose inhalation is available. The CeO2 burden for lung, lung-associated lymph nodes, and major non-pulmonary organs, blood, and feces, was determined in a chronic whole-body inhalation study in female Wistar rats undertaken according to OECD TG453 (6 h per day for 5 days per week for a 104 weeks with the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/m3, animals were sacrificed after 3, 12, 24 months). Different spectroscopy methods (ICP-MS, ion-beam-microscopy) were used for the quantification of organ burden and for visualization of NP distribution patterns in tissues. After 24 months of exposure, the highest CeO2 lung burden (4.41 mg per lung) was associated with the highest aerosol concentration and was proportionally lower for the other groups in a dose-dependent manner. Imaging techniques confirmed the presence of CeO2 agglomerates of different size categories within lung tissue with a non-homogenous distribution. For the highest exposure group, after 24 months in total 1.2% of the dose retained in the lung was found in the organs and tissues analyzed in this study, excluding lymph nodes and skeleton. The CeO2 burden per tissue decreased from lungs > lymph nodes > hard bone > liver > bone marrow. For two dosage groups, the liver organ burden showed a low accumulation rate. Here, the liver can be regarded as depot, whereas kidneys, the skeleton, and bone marrow seem to be dumps due to steadily increasing NP burden over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Tentschert
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Brunner
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolin Merker
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Meijer
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinrich Ernst
- Department of Pathology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jana Keller
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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TiO 2 Nanomaterials Non-Controlled Contamination Could Be Hazardous for Normal Cells Located in the Field of Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030940. [PMID: 32023866 PMCID: PMC7037422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among nanomaterials (NMs), titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most manufactured NMs and can be found in many consumers' products such as skin care products, textiles and food (as E171 additive). Moreover, due to its most attractive property, a photoactivation upon non-ionizing UVA radiation, TiO2 NMs is widely used as a decontaminating agent. Uncontrolled contaminations by TiO2 NMs during their production (professional exposure) or by using products (consumer exposure) are rather frequent. So far, TiO2 NMs cytotoxicity is still a matter of controversy depending on biological models, types of TiO2 NMs, suspension preparation and biological endpoints. TiO2 NMs photoactivation has been widely described for UV light radiation exposure, it could lead to reactive oxygen species production, known to be both cyto- and genotoxic on human cells. After higher photon energy exposition, such as X-rays used for radiotherapy and for medical imaging, TiO2 NMs photoactivation still occurs. Importantly, the question of its hazard in the case of body contamination of persons receiving radiotherapy was never addressed, knowing that healthy tissues surrounding the tumor are indeed exposed. The present work focuses on the analysis of human normal bronchiolar cell response after co-exposition TiO2 NMs (with different coatings) and ionizing radiation. Our results show a clear synergistic effect, in terms of cell viability, cell death and oxidative stress, between TiO2 NMS and radiation.
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7
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Mechanoregulation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 107:110303. [PMID: 31761191 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), first developed in the 1990s, have been applied in numerous biomedical fields such as tissue engineering and therapeutic drug development. In recent years, TiO2-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated the ability to decrease the risk of tumorigenesis and improve cancer therapy. There is increasing research on the origin and effects of pristine and doped TiO2-based nanotherapeutic drugs. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which drug delivery to cancer cells alters sensing of gene mutations, protein degradation, and metabolite changes as well as its associated cumulative effects that determine the microenvironmental mechanosensitive metabolism have not yet been clearly elucidated. This review focuses on the microenvironmental influence of TiO2-NPs induced various mechanical stimuli on tumor cells. The differential expression of genome, proteome, and metabolome after treatment with TiO2-NPs is summarized and discussed. In the tumor microenvironment, mechanosensitive DNA mutations, gene delivery, protein degradation, inflammatory responses, and cell viability affected by the mechanical stimuli of TiO2-NPs are also examined.
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8
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Elnagar AMB, Ibrahim A, Soliman AM. Histopathological Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and The Possible Protective Role of N-Acetylcysteine on The Testes of Male Albino Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2018; 12:249-256. [PMID: 29935072 PMCID: PMC6018179 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2018.5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a white pigment which is used in paints, plastics, etc. It is reported that TiO2 induces oxidative stress and DNA damage. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used to fight oxidative stress-induced damage in different tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of orally administered TiO2 nanoparticles and the possible protective effect of NAC on the testes of adult male albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, 50 adult male albino rats were classified into five groups. Group I was the negative control, group II was treated with gum acacia solution , group III was treated with NAC, group IV was treated with TiO2 nanoparticles, and group V was treated with 100 mg/kg of NAC and 1200 mg/kg TiO2 nanoparticles. Total testosterone, glutathione (GSH), and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated. The testes were subjected to histopathological, electron microscopic examinations, and immunohistochemical detection for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Cells from the left testis were examined to detect the degree of DNA impairment by using the comet assay. RESULTS TiO2 nanoparticles induced histopathological and ultrastructure changes in the testes as well as positive TNF-α immunoreaction in the testicular tissue. Moreover, there was an increase in serum MDA while a decrease in testosterone and GSH levels in TiO2 nanoparticles-treated group. TiO2 resulted in DNA damage. Administration of NAC to TiO2- treated rats led to improvement of the previous parameters with modest protective effects against DNA damage. CONCLUSION TiO2-induced damage to the testes was mediated by oxidative stress. Notably, administration of NAC protected against TiO2's damaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Bassam Elnagar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Pathology, Insaniah University, Kuala Ketil Kedah, Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Abdelnasser Ibrahim
- Forensic Unit, Department of Pathology, National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amro Mohamed Soliman
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic Address:
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9
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Schulte PA, Kuempel ED, Drew NM. Characterizing risk assessments for the development of occupational exposure limits for engineered nanomaterials. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:207-219. [PMID: 29574195 PMCID: PMC6075708 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The commercialization of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) began in the early 2000's. Since then the number of commercial products and the number of workers potentially exposed to ENMs is growing, as is the need to evaluate and manage the potential health risks. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) have been developed for some of the first generation of ENMs. These OELs have been based on risk assessments that progressed from qualitative to quantitative as nanotoxicology data became available. In this paper, that progression is characterized. It traces OEL development through the qualitative approach of general groups of ENMs based primarily on read-across with other materials to quantitative risk assessments for nanoscale particles including titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, silver nanoparticles, and cellulose nanocrystals. These represent prototypic approaches to risk assessment and OEL development for ENMs. Such substance-by-substance efforts are not practical given the insufficient data for many ENMs that are currently being used or potentially entering commerce. Consequently, categorical approaches are emerging to group and rank ENMs by hazard and potential health risk. The strengths and limitations of these approaches are described, and future derivations and research needs are discussed. Critical needs in moving forward with understanding the health effects of the numerous EMNs include more standardized and accessible quantitative data on the toxicity and physicochemical properties of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States.
| | - E D Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
| | - N M Drew
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
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10
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Haber LT, Dourson ML, Allen BC, Hertzberg RC, Parker A, Vincent MJ, Maier A, Boobis AR. Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling: current practice, issues, and challenges. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29516780 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1430121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling is now the state of the science for determining the point of departure for risk assessment. Key advantages include the fact that the modeling takes account of all of the data for a particular effect from a particular experiment, increased consistency, and better accounting for statistical uncertainties. Despite these strong advantages, disagreements remain as to several specific aspects of the modeling, including differences in the recommendations of the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Differences exist in the choice of the benchmark response (BMR) for continuous data, the use of unrestricted models, and the mathematical models used; these can lead to differences in the final BMDL. It is important to take confidence in the model into account in choosing the BMDL, rather than simply choosing the lowest value. The field is moving in the direction of model averaging, which will avoid many of the challenges of choosing a single best model when the underlying biology does not suggest one, but additional research would be useful into methods of incorporating biological considerations into the weights used in the averaging. Additional research is also needed regarding the interplay between the BMR and the UF to ensure appropriate use for studies supporting a lower BMR than default values, such as for epidemiology data. Addressing these issues will aid in harmonizing methods and moving the field of risk assessment forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne T Haber
- a Risk Science Center , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Michael L Dourson
- a Risk Science Center , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | | | - Richard C Hertzberg
- c Department of Environmental Health , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Ann Parker
- a Risk Science Center , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Melissa J Vincent
- a Risk Science Center , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Andrew Maier
- a Risk Science Center , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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11
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Naserzadeh P, Ghanbary F, Ashtari P, Seydi E, Ashtari K, Akbari M. Biocompatibility assessment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice fetoplacental unit. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:580-589. [PMID: 28884517 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As the applications of titanium dioxide nanomaterials (nTiO2 ) are growing with an ever-increasing speed, the hazardous risks of this material have become a major concern. Several recent studies have reported that nTiO2 can cross the placental barrier in pregnant mice and cause neurotoxicity in their offspring. However, the influence of these nanoparticles on the fetoplacental unit during the pregnancy is yet to be studied. The present study reports on the effects of nTiO2 on the anatomical structure of fetal brain and liver in a pregnant mice model. Moreover, changes in the size and weight of the fetus and placenta are investigated as markers of fetal growth. Lastly, the toxicity of nTiO2 in primary brain and liver is quantified. Animals treated with nTiO2 showed a disrupted anatomical structure of the fetal brain and liver. Furthermore, the fetus and placental unit in the mice treated with these nanoparticles were smaller compared to untreated controls. Toxicity analyses revealed that nTiO2 was toxic to the brain and liver cells and the mechanism of cell death was mostly necrosis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 580-589, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.,Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghanbary
- Department of Chemistry, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
| | - Parviz Ashtari
- Radiation Application Research School, NSTRI, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Ashtari
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada, V8P 5C2.,Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada, V8P 5C2.,Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada, V8P 5C2
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12
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Brain Inflammation, Blood Brain Barrier dysfunction and Neuronal Synaptophysin Decrease after Inhalation Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nano-aerosol in Aging Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12196. [PMID: 28939873 PMCID: PMC5610323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding potential neurotoxicity of inhaled titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), the toxicokinetics and consequences on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function remain poorly characterized. To improve risk assessment, we need to evaluate the impact on BBB under realistic environmental conditions and take into account vulnerability status such as age. 12-13 week and 19-month-old male rats were exposed by inhalation to 10 mg/m3 of TiO2 nano-aerosol (6 hrs/day, 5 day/week, for 4 weeks). We showed an age-dependent modulation of BBB integrity parameters suggesting increased BBB permeability in aging rats. This alteration was associated with a significant increase of cytokines/chemokines in the brain, including interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and fractalkine as well as a decreased expression of synaptophysin, a neuronal activity marker. These observations, in absence of detectable titanium in the brain suggest that CNS-related effects are mediated by systemic-pathway. Moreover, observations in terms of BBB permeability and brain inflammation underline age susceptibility. Even if TiO2 NPs were not evidenced in the brain, we observed an association between the exposure to TiO2 NPs and the dysregulation of BBB physiology associated with neuroinflammation and decreased expression of neuronal activity marker, which was further exacerbated in the brain of aged animal's.
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13
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Tomacheski D, Pittol M, Simões DN, Ribeiro VF, Santana RMC. Effects of silver adsorbed on fumed silica, silver phosphate glass, bentonite organomodified with silver and titanium dioxide in aquatic indicator organisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 56:230-239. [PMID: 28571858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce the level of transmission of diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, the development of antimicrobial additives for use in personal care, hygiene products, clothing and others has increased. Many of these additives are based on metals such as silver and titanium. The disposal of these products in the environment has raised concerns pertaining to their potential harmfulness for beneficial organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the shape, surface chemistry, size and carrier of three additives containing silver and one with titanium dioxide (TiO2) on microcrustacean survival. Daphnia magna was used as a bioindicator for acute exposure test in suspensions from 0.0001 to 10,000ppm. Ceriodaphnia dubia was used for chronic test in TiO2 suspensions from 0.001 to 100ppm. D. magna populations presented high susceptibility to all silver based additives, with 100% mortality after 24hr of exposure. A different result was found in the acute experiments containing TiO2 suspensions, with mortality rates only after 48hr of incubation. Even on acute and chronic tests, TiO2 did not reach a linear concentration-response versus mortality, with 1ppm being more toxic than 10,000ppm on acute test and 0.001 more toxic than 0.01ppm on chronic assay. Silver based material toxicity was attributed to silver itself, and had no relation to either form (nano or ion) or carrier (silica, phosphate glass or bentonite). TiO2 demonstrated to have a low acute toxicity against D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Tomacheski
- Department of Materials Engineering, Laboratory of Polymers - LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; Softer Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, Campo Bom 93700-000, Brazil.
| | - Michele Pittol
- Softer Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, Campo Bom 93700-000, Brazil
| | - Douglas Naue Simões
- Department of Materials Engineering, Laboratory of Polymers - LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; Softer Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, Campo Bom 93700-000, Brazil
| | - Vanda Ferreira Ribeiro
- Department of Materials Engineering, Laboratory of Polymers - LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; Softer Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, Campo Bom 93700-000, Brazil
| | - Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana
- Department of Materials Engineering, Laboratory of Polymers - LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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14
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Jain AK, Senapati VA, Singh D, Dubey K, Maurya R, Pandey AK. Impact of anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles on mutagenic and genotoxic response in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V-79): The role of cellular uptake. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:127-139. [PMID: 28400324 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unique physico-chemical properties of nano crystalline anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) render them with different biological and chemical activities. Hence, it is widely used in industrial and consumer applications. Previous studies have shown the genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs. However, there is a paucity of data regarding mutagenicity of these NPs. In the present study, the cellular uptake, sub-cellular localization, cytotoxicity and short term DNA interaction of TiO2 NPs (1-100 μgmL-1) of diameter ranging from 12 to 25 nm on mammalian lung fibroblast cells (V-79) has been studied. The flow cytometric analysis and electron micrographs of V-79 monolayer showed the internalization of TiO2 NPs in the cytoplasm with the confirmation of elemental composition through SEM/EDX analysis. TEM analysis also showed TiO2 NPs induced ultra-structural changes such as swollen mitochondria and nuclear membrane disruption in V-79 cells. TiO2 NPs generated free radicals, which induced indirect mutagenic and genotoxic responses. Apart from measuring the genotoxicity by Comet assay, the mutagenic potential of TiO2 NPs in V-79 cells was evaluated by mammalian HGPRT gene forward mutation assay, showing a 2.98- fold increase in 6TGR HGPRT mutant frequency (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) by culture plate method, which is an early indicator of potential carcinogenicity. Hence, TiO2 NPs should be closely monitored and there should be a judicious use and disposal of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Jain
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, Babu Banarasi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Violet Aileen Senapati
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Divya Singh
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Dubey
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Renuka Maurya
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Kumar Pandey
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Laux P, Riebeling C, Booth AM, Brain JD, Brunner J, Cerrillo C, Creutzenberg O, Estrela-Lopis I, Gebel T, Johanson G, Jungnickel H, Kock H, Tentschert J, Tlili A, Schäffer A, Sips AJAM, Yokel RA, Luch A. Biokinetics of Nanomaterials: the Role of Biopersistence. NANOIMPACT 2017; 6:69-80. [PMID: 29057373 PMCID: PMC5645051 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology risk management strategies and environmental regulations continue to rely on hazard and exposure assessment protocols developed for bulk materials, including larger size particles, while commercial application of nanomaterials (NMs) increases. In order to support and corroborate risk assessment of NMs for workers, consumers, and the environment it is crucial to establish the impact of biopersistence of NMs at realistic doses. In the future, such data will allow a more refined future categorization of NMs. Despite many experiments on NM characterization and numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, several questions remain unanswered including the influence of biopersistence on the toxicity of NMs. It is unclear which criteria to apply to characterize a NM as biopersistent. Detection and quantification of NMs, especially determination of their state, i.e., dissolution, aggregation, and agglomeration within biological matrices and other environments are still challenging tasks; moreover mechanisms of nanoparticle (NP) translocation and persistence remain critical gaps. This review summarizes the current understanding of NM biokinetics focusing on determinants of biopersistence. Thorough particle characterization in different exposure scenarios and biological matrices requires use of suitable analytical methods and is a prerequisite to understand biopersistence and for the development of appropriate dosimetry. Analytical tools that potentially can facilitate elucidation of key NM characteristics, such as ion beam microscopy (IBM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), are discussed in relation to their potential to advance the understanding of biopersistent NM kinetics. We conclude that a major requirement for future nanosafety research is the development and application of analytical tools to characterize NPs in different exposure scenarios and biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim N-7465, Norway
| | - Joseph D Brain
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josephine Brunner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute of Medical Physics & Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße 16, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Gebel
- German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Kock
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Tlili
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adriënne J A M Sips
- National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Yang J, Luo M, Tan Z, Dai M, Xie M, Lin J, Hua H, Ma Q, Zhao J, Liu A. Oral administration of nano-titanium dioxide particle disrupts hepatic metabolic functions in a mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:112-118. [PMID: 27984778 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nano-particle (TiO2 NP) is widely used in industrial, household necessities, as well as medicinal products. However, the effect of TiO2 NP on liver metabolic function has not been reported. In this study, after mice were orally administered TiO2 NP (21nm) for 14days, the serum and liver tissues were assayed by biochemical analysis, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and transmission electron microscopy. The serum bilirubin was increased in a dose dependent manner. Deposition of TiO2 NP in hepatocytes and the abnormality of microstructures was observed. Expression of metabolic genes involved in the endogenous and exogenous metabolism was modified, supporting the toxic phenotype. Collectively, oral administration of TiO2 NP (21nm) led to deposition of particles in hepatocytes, mitochondrial edema, and the disturbance of liver metabolism function. These data suggested oral administration disrupts liver metabolic functions, which was more sensitive than regular approaches to detect material hepatotoxicity. This study provided useful information for risk analysis and regulation of TiO2 NPs by administration agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julin Yang
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Min Luo
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Manyun Dai
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Minzhu Xie
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiao Lin
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huiying Hua
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Aiming Liu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Gaté L, Disdier C, Cosnier F, Gagnaire F, Devoy J, Saba W, Brun E, Chalansonnet M, Mabondzo A. Biopersistence and translocation to extrapulmonary organs of titanium dioxide nanoparticles after subacute inhalation exposure to aerosol in adult and elderly rats. Toxicol Lett 2017; 265:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Development of linear and threshold no significant risk levels for inhalation exposure to titanium dioxide using systematic review and mode of action considerations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 80:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shakeel M, Jabeen F, Shabbir S, Asghar MS, Khan MS, Chaudhry AS. Toxicity of Nano-Titanium Dioxide (TiO2-NP) Through Various Routes of Exposure: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:1-36. [PMID: 26554951 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most commonly used materials being synthesized for use as one of the top five nanoparticles. Due to the extensive application of TiO2 nanoparticles and their inclusion in many commercial products, the increased exposure of human beings to nanoparticles is possible. This exposure could be routed via dermal penetration, inhalation and oral ingestion or intravenous injection. Therefore, regular evaluation of their potential toxicity and distribution in the bodies of exposed individuals is essential. Keeping in view the potential health hazards of TiO2 nanoparticles for humans, we reviewed the research articles about studies performed on rats or other mammals as animal models. Most of these studies utilized the dermal or skin and the pulmonary exposures as the primary routes of toxicity. It was interesting that only very few studies revealed that the TiO2 nanoparticles could penetrate through the skin and translocate to other tissues, while many other studies demonstrated that no penetration or translocation could happen through the skin. Conversely, the TiO2 nanoparticles that entered through the pulmonary route were translocated to the brain or the systemic circulation from where these reached other organs like the kidney, liver, etc. In most studies, TiO2 nanoparticles appeared to have caused oxidative stress, histopathological alterations, carcinogenesis, genotoxicity and immune disruption. Therefore, the use of such materials in humans must be either avoided or strictly managed to minimise risks for human health in various situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Samina Shabbir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Saleem Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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20
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Schulte PA, Roth G, Hodson LL, Murashov V, Hoover MD, Zumwalde R, Kuempel ED, Geraci CL, Stefaniak AB, Castranova V, Howard J. Taking stock of the occupational safety and health challenges of nanotechnology: 2000-2015. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 18:159. [PMID: 27594804 PMCID: PMC5007006 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-016-3459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials significantly entered commerce at the beginning of the 21st century. Concerns about serious potential health effects of nanomaterials were widespread. Now, approximately 15 years later, it is worthwhile to take stock of research and efforts to protect nanomaterial workers from potential risks of adverse health effects. This article provides and examines timelines for major functional areas (toxicology, metrology, exposure assessment, engineering controls and personal protective equipment, risk assessment, risk management, medical surveillance, and epidemiology) to identify significant contributions to worker safety and health. The occupational safety and health field has responded effectively to identify gaps in knowledge and practice, but further research is warranted and is described. There is now a greater, if imperfect, understanding of the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle toxicology, hazards to workers, and appropriate controls for nanomaterials, but unified analytical standards and exposure characterization methods are still lacking. The development of control-banding and similar strategies has compensated for incomplete data on exposure and risk, but it is unknown how widely such approaches are being adopted. Although the importance of epidemiologic studies and medical surveillance is recognized, implementation has been slowed by logistical issues. Responsible development of nanotechnology requires protection of workers at all stages of the technological life cycle. In each of the functional areas assessed, progress has been made, but more is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - G. Roth
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - L. L. Hodson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - V. Murashov
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M. D. Hoover
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - R. Zumwalde
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - E. D. Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - C. L. Geraci
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - A. B. Stefaniak
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - V. Castranova
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J. Howard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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21
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Grieger KD, Harrington J, Mortensen N. Prioritizing research needs for analytical techniques suited for engineered nanomaterials in food. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Hong F, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Ge Y, Chen M, Hong J, Wang L. Exposure to TiO2 Nanoparticles Induces Immunological Dysfunction in Mouse Testitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:346-55. [PMID: 26720763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as endocrine disruptors have been demonstrated to be able to cross the blood-testis barriers and induce reproductive toxicity in male animals, whether the reproductive toxicity of male animals due to exposure to endocrine disruptor TiO2 NPs is related to immunological dysfunction in the testis remains not well understood. This study determined whether the reproductive toxicity and immunological dysfunction induced by exposure to TiO2 NPs is associated with activation or inhibition of TAM/TLR-mediated signal pathway in mouse testis. The results showed that male mice exhibited significant reduction of fertility, infiltration of inflammatory cells, rarefaction, apoptosis, and/or necrosis of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells due to TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, these were associated with decreased expression of Tyro3 (-18.16 to -66.6%), Axl (-14.7 to -57.99%), Mer (-7.98 to -72.62%), and IκB (-11.25 to -63.16%), suppression of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 (-21.99 to -73.8%) and SOCS3 (-8.11 to -34.86%), and increased expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 (21.4-156.03%), TLR-4 (37.0-109.87%), nuclear factor-κB (14.75-69.34%), interleukin (IL)-lβ (46.15-123.08%), IL-6 (2.54-81.98%), tumor necrosis factor-α (6.95-88.39%), interferon (IFN)-α (2.54-37.25%), and IFN-β (10.19-80.56%), which are involved in the immune environment in the testis. The findings showed that reproductive toxicity of male mice induced by exposure to endocrine disruptor TiO2 NPs may be associated with biomarkers of impairment of immune environment or dysfunction of TAM/TLR3-mediated signal pathway in mouse testitis. Therefore, the potential risks to reproductive health should be attended, especially in those who are occupationally exposed to TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fashui Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
| | - Yushuang Ge
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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Cordeiro L, Müller L, Gelesky MA, Wasielesky W, Fattorini D, Regoli F, Monserrat JM, Ventura-Lima J. Evaluation of coexposure to inorganic arsenic and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1214-1223. [PMID: 26354110 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) that occur concomitantly in the aquatic environment with other contaminants such as arsenic (As) is little known in crustaceans. The objective of the present study is to evaluate whether coexposure to nTiO2 can influence the accumulation, metabolism, and oxidative stress parameters induced by arsenic exposure in the gills and hepatopancreas of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Organisms were exposed by dissolving chemicals in seawater (salinity = 30) at nominal concentrations of 10 μg/L nTiO2 or As(III), dosed alone and in combination. Results showed that there was not a significant accumulation of As in either tissue type, but the coexposure altered the pattern of the metabolism. In the hepatopancreas, no changes were observed in the biochemical response, while in the gills, an increase in the glutamate-cysteine-ligase (GCL) activity was observed upon exposure to As or nTiO2 alone, an increase in the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels was observed upon exposure to As alone, and an increase in the total antioxidant capacity was observed upon exposure to nTiO2 or nTiO2 + As. However, these modulations were not sufficient enough to prevent the lipid damage induced by nTiO2 exposure. Our results suggest that coexposure to nTiO2 and As does not alter the toxicity of this metalloid in the gills and hepatopancreas of L. vannamei but does alter its metabolism, favoring its accumulation of organic As species considered moderately toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cordeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Müller
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Gelesky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Wilson Wasielesky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquacultura-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - José Marìa Monserrat
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquacultura-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Ventura-Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Multi-cycle photocatalytic degradation of bezafibrate by a cast polyvinyl alcohol/titanium dioxide (PVA/TiO2) hybrid film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Morfeld P, Bruch J, Levy L, Ngiewih Y, Chaudhuri I, Muranko HJ, Myerson R, McCunney RJ. Translational toxicology in setting occupational exposure limits for dusts and hazard classification - a critical evaluation of a recent approach to translate dust overload findings from rats to humans. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:3. [PMID: 25925672 PMCID: PMC4443602 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyze the scientific basis and methodology used by the German MAK Commission in their recommendations for exposure limits and carcinogen classification of "granular biopersistent particles without known specific toxicity" (GBS). These recommendations are under review at the European Union level. We examine the scientific assumptions in an attempt to reproduce the results. MAK's human equivalent concentrations (HECs) are based on a particle mass and on a volumetric model in which results from rat inhalation studies are translated to derive occupational exposure limits (OELs) and a carcinogen classification. METHODS We followed the methods as proposed by the MAK Commission and Pauluhn 2011. We also examined key assumptions in the metrics, such as surface area of the human lung, deposition fractions of inhaled dusts, human clearance rates; and risk of lung cancer among workers, presumed to have some potential for lung overload, the physiological condition in rats associated with an increase in lung cancer risk. RESULTS The MAK recommendations on exposure limits for GBS have numerous incorrect assumptions that adversely affect the final results. The procedures to derive the respirable occupational exposure limit (OEL) could not be reproduced, a finding raising considerable scientific uncertainty about the reliability of the recommendations. Moreover, the scientific basis of using the rat model is confounded by the fact that rats and humans show different cellular responses to inhaled particles as demonstrated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) studies in both species. CONCLUSION Classifying all GBS as carcinogenic to humans based on rat inhalation studies in which lung overload leads to chronic inflammation and cancer is inappropriate. Studies of workers, who have been exposed to relevant levels of dust, have not indicated an increase in lung cancer risk. Using the methods proposed by the MAK, we were unable to reproduce the OEL for GBS recommended by the Commission, but identified substantial errors in the models. Considerable shortcomings in the use of lung surface area, clearance rates, deposition fractions; as well as using the mass and volumetric metrics as opposed to the particle surface area metric limit the scientific reliability of the proposed GBS OEL and carcinogen classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Morfeld
- Institute for Occupational Epidemiology and Risk Assessment of Evonik Industries, AG Rellinghauser Straße 1-11, Essen, 45128, Germany.
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Preventive Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Joachim Bruch
- University Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Essen, Germany.
- IBE GmbH, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Len Levy
- Cranfield University, ᅟ, Cranfield, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Ross Myerson
- Department of Occupational Health, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- The George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Robert J McCunney
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bianchi MG, Allegri M, Costa AL, Blosi M, Gardini D, Del Pivo C, Prina-Mello A, Di Cristo L, Bussolati O, Bergamaschi E. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhance macrophage activation by LPS through a TLR4-dependent intracellular pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TiO2nanoparticles enhance LPS-dependent NO production and cytokine secretion through a mechanism that involves TLR4-mediated p38-signalling and requires phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano G. Bianchi
- Unit of Occupational Medicine
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- University of Parma
- 43026 Parma
- Italy
| | - Manfredi Allegri
- Unit of General Pathology
- Department of Biomedical
- Biotechnological and Translational Sciences
- University of Parma
- 43025 Parma
| | - Anna L. Costa
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC)
- National Research Council of Italy
- 48018 Faenza (RA)
- Italy
| | - Magda Blosi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC)
- National Research Council of Italy
- 48018 Faenza (RA)
- Italy
| | - Davide Gardini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC)
- National Research Council of Italy
- 48018 Faenza (RA)
- Italy
| | - Camilla Del Pivo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC)
- National Research Council of Italy
- 48018 Faenza (RA)
- Italy
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and School of Medicine
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - Luisana Di Cristo
- Unit of Occupational Medicine
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- University of Parma
- 43026 Parma
- Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Unit of General Pathology
- Department of Biomedical
- Biotechnological and Translational Sciences
- University of Parma
- 43025 Parma
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Unit of Occupational Medicine
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- University of Parma
- 43026 Parma
- Italy
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Yoshiura Y, Izumi H, Oyabu T, Hashiba M, Kambara T, Mizuguchi Y, Lee BW, Okada T, Tomonaga T, Myojo T, Yamamoto K, Kitajima S, Horie M, Kuroda E, Morimoto Y. Pulmonary toxicity of well-dispersed titanium dioxide nanoparticles following intratracheal instillation. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26069452 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-1600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the pulmonary toxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, we performed an intratracheal instillation study with rats of well-dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles and examined the pulmonary inflammation and histopathological changes in the lung. Wistar Hannover rats were intratracheally administered 0.2 mg (0.66 mg/kg) and 1.0 mg (3.3 mg/kg) of well-dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles (P90; diameter of agglomerates: 25 nm), then the pulmonary inflammation responses were examined from 3 days to 6 months after the instillation, and the pathological features were examined up to 24 months. Transient inflammation and the upregulation of chemokines in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid were observed for 1 month. No respiratory tumors or severe fibrosis were observed during the recovery time. These data suggest that transient inflammation induced by TiO2 may not lead to chronic, irreversible legions in the lung, and that TiO2 nanoparticles may not have a high potential for lung disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yoshiura
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Takako Oyabu
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hashiba
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Tatsunori Kambara
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Yohei Mizuguchi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Byeong Woo Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Takami Okada
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomonaga
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Myojo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Shinichi Kitajima
- National Sanatorium Hoshizuka Keiaien, 4204 Hoshizuka-cho, Kanoya, Kagoshima 893-8502 Japan
| | - Masanori Horie
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395 Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 6F IFReC Research Building, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
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28
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Hammad S, Bolt HM. Current developments in nanosafety research. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2089-91. [PMID: 25420465 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seddik Hammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt,
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29
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Manufactured nanomaterials: categorization and approaches to hazard assessment. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2191-211. [PMID: 25326817 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers enormous potential for technological progress. Fortunately, early and intensive efforts have been invested in investigating toxicology and safety aspects of this new technology. However, despite there being more than 6,000 publications on nanotoxicology, some key questions still have to be answered and paradigms need to be challenged. Here, we present a view on the field of nanotoxicology to stimulate the discussion on major knowledge gaps and the critical appraisal of concepts or dogma. First, in the ongoing debate as to whether nanoparticles may harbour a specific toxicity due to their size, we support the view that there is at present no evidence of 'nanospecific' mechanisms of action; no step-change in hazard was observed so far for particles below 100 nm in one dimension. Therefore, it seems unjustified to consider all consumer products containing nanoparticles a priori as hazardous. Second, there is no evidence so far that fundamentally different biokinetics of nanoparticles would trigger toxicity. However, data are sparse whether nanoparticles may accumulate to an extent high enough to cause chronic adverse effects. To facilitate hazard assessment, we propose to group nanomaterials into three categories according to the route of exposure and mode of action, respectively: Category 1 comprises nanomaterials for which toxicity is mediated by the specific chemical properties of its components, such as released ions or functional groups on the surface. Nanomaterials belonging to this category have to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, depending on their chemical identity. Category 2 focuses on rigid biopersistent respirable fibrous nanomaterials with a specific geometry and high aspect ratio (so-called WHO fibres). For these fibres, hazard assessment can be based on the experiences with asbestos. Category 3 focuses on respirable granular biodurable particles (GBP) which, after inhalation, may cause inflammation and secondary mutagenicity that may finally lead to lung cancer. After intravenous, oral or dermal exposure, nanoscaled GBPs investigated apparently did not show 'nanospecific' effects so far. Hazard assessment of GBPs may be based on the knowledge available for granular particles. In conclusion, we believe the proposed categorization system will facilitate future hazard assessments.
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Moreno-Horn M, Gebel T. Granular biodurable nanomaterials: No convincing evidence for systemic toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:849-75. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.938802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Bo Y, Jin C, Liu Y, Yu W, Kang H. Metabolomic analysis on the toxicological effects of TiO2nanoparticles in mouse fibroblast cells: from the perspective of perturbations in amino acid metabolism. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:461-9. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.939321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Martirosyan A, Schneider YJ. Engineered nanomaterials in food: implications for food safety and consumer health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:5720-50. [PMID: 24879486 PMCID: PMC4078545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110605720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
From the current state-of-the-art, it is clear that nanotechnology applications are expected to bring a range of benefits to the food sector aiming at providing better quality and conservation. In the meantime, a growing number of studies indicate that the exposure to certain engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has a potential to lead to health complications and that there is a need for further investigations in order to unravel the biological outcomes of nanofood consumption. In the current review, we summarize the existing data on the (potential) use of ENMs in the food industry, information on the toxicity profiles of the commonly applied ENMs, such as metal (oxide) nanoparticles (NPs), address the potential food safety implications and health hazards connected with the consumption of nanofood. A number of health complications connected with the human exposure to ENMs are discussed, demonstrating that there is a real basis for the arisen concern not only connected with the gut health, but also with the potency to lead to systemic toxicity. The toxicological nature of hazard, exposure levels and risk to consumers from nanotechnology-derived food are on the earliest stage of investigation and this review also highlights the major gaps that need further research and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Martirosyan
- Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry, Institute of Life Sciences (ISV) & UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B1348, Belgium.
| | - Yves-Jacques Schneider
- Laboratory of Cellular, Nutritional and Toxicological Biochemistry, Institute of Life Sciences (ISV) & UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B1348, Belgium.
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33
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Makumire S, Chakravadhanula VSK, Köllisch G, Redel E, Shonhai A. Immunomodulatory activity of zinc peroxide (ZnO₂) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles and their effects on DNA and protein integrity. Toxicol Lett 2014; 227:56-64. [PMID: 24631018 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles that are made from zinc and titanium oxide have found widespread applications, including their use in sunscreens. However, there is little information regarding their effects on immune cells. In the current study, we synthesized charge stabilized and "ligand free" colloid stable ZnO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles. Most previous published studies commonly used ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles. In the current study we investigated the comparative toxicity of ZnO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles. Therefore, our results based on ZnO₂ which is more oxidative than ZnO provides novel data on the possible toxicity of this species of nanoparticles. First, we investigated the immunomodulatory action of these nanoparticles on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their effects on DNA and protein integrity. A minimum concentration of ZnO₂ nanoparticles of 1 μg/mL inhibited the production of two inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1-β and interleukin 6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of lipopolysaccharides. On the other hand, TiO₂ nanoparticles at a concentration range of 0.1-100 μg/mL did not present apparent toxicity to the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ZnO₂ nanoparticles at a minimum concentration of 2 μg/mL caused DNA damage in vitro. TiO₂ nanoparticles at a concentration range of 25-100 μg/mL only caused marginal DNA damage. ZnO₂ nanoparticles at a minimum concentration of 5 μg/mL were capable of promoting aggregation of malate dehydrogenase, and facilitated its degradation at higher concentrations. Exposure of malate dehydrogenase to TiO₂ at a concentration range of 2.5-15 μg/mL did not alter the solubility of malate dehydrogenase. Altogether, our findings suggest that charge stabilized ZnO₂ nanoparticles are nascent and interact with DNA and protein and may be harmful to immune cells. In addition, the propensity of ZnO₂ nanoparticles to promote protein aggregation could facilitate the production of protein complexes that may interfere with normal immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanely Makumire
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Venkata S K Chakravadhanula
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Köllisch
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Engelbert Redel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Surfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; Current address: Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, South Africa.
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Schulte PA, Geraci CL, Murashov V, Kuempel ED, Zumwalde RD, Castranova V, Hoover MD, Hodson L, Martinez KF. Occupational safety and health criteria for responsible development of nanotechnology. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013; 16:2153. [PMID: 24482607 PMCID: PMC3890581 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-2153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organizations around the world have called for the responsible development of nanotechnology. The goals of this approach are to emphasize the importance of considering and controlling the potential adverse impacts of nanotechnology in order to develop its capabilities and benefits. A primary area of concern is the potential adverse impact on workers, since they are the first people in society who are exposed to the potential hazards of nanotechnology. Occupational safety and health criteria for defining what constitutes responsible development of nanotechnology are needed. This article presents five criterion actions that should be practiced by decision-makers at the business and societal levels-if nanotechnology is to be developed responsibly. These include (1) anticipate, identify, and track potentially hazardous nanomaterials in the workplace; (2) assess workers' exposures to nanomaterials; (3) assess and communicate hazards and risks to workers; (4) manage occupational safety and health risks; and (5) foster the safe development of nanotechnology and realization of its societal and commercial benefits. All these criteria are necessary for responsible development to occur. Since it is early in the commercialization of nanotechnology, there are still many unknowns and concerns about nanomaterials. Therefore, it is prudent to treat them as potentially hazardous until sufficient toxicology, and exposure data are gathered for nanomaterial-specific hazard and risk assessments. In this emergent period, it is necessary to be clear about the extent of uncertainty and the need for prudent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
| | - C. L. Geraci
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
| | - V. Murashov
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
| | - E. D. Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
| | - R. D. Zumwalde
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
| | - V. Castranova
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
| | - M. D. Hoover
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
| | - L. Hodson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
| | - K. F. Martinez
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
- Hassett Willis and Co., Washington, DC USA
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35
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Gebel T. Response to Morfeld (2013): Second commentary to Gebel 2012-established use of cancer potency indices and biological plausibility. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:2027-2029. [PMID: 24091635 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The evaluations in Gebel (Arch Toxicol 86(7):995-1007, 2012) were carried out according to established procedures in regulatory toxicology. The variability in the available data was taken into account. The quality of the underlying data set should not be overestimated. The relevant conclusion in Gebel (Arch Toxicol 86(7):995-1007, 2012) is that the difference in carcinogenic potency comparing nanosized to microsized respirable granular biodurable particles without known significant specific toxicity (GBP) is low and lower than previously estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gebel
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149, Dortmund, Germany.
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36
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Threshold Value Estimation for Respirable Quartz Dust Exposure and Silicosis Incidence Among Workers in the German Porcelain Industry. J Occup Environ Med 2013; 55:1027-34. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e318297327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Dourson M, Becker RA, Haber LT, Pottenger LH, Bredfeldt T, Fenner-Crisp PA. Advancing human health risk assessment: integrating recent advisory committee recommendations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:467-92. [PMID: 23844697 PMCID: PMC3725687 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.807223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last dozen years, many national and international expert groups have considered specific improvements to risk assessment. Many of their stated recommendations are mutually supportive, but others appear conflicting, at least in an initial assessment. This review identifies areas of consensus and difference and recommends a practical, biology-centric course forward, which includes: (1) incorporating a clear problem formulation at the outset of the assessment with a level of complexity that is appropriate for informing the relevant risk management decision; (2) using toxicokinetics and toxicodynamic information to develop Chemical Specific Adjustment Factors (CSAF); (3) using mode of action (MOA) information and an understanding of the relevant biology as the key, central organizing principle for the risk assessment; (4) integrating MOA information into dose-response assessments using existing guidelines for non-cancer and cancer assessments; (5) using a tiered, iterative approach developed by the World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO/IPCS) as a scientifically robust, fit-for-purpose approach for risk assessment of combined exposures (chemical mixtures); and (6) applying all of this knowledge to enable interpretation of human biomonitoring data in a risk context. While scientifically based defaults will remain important and useful when data on CSAF or MOA to refine an assessment are absent or insufficient, assessments should always strive to use these data. The use of available 21st century knowledge of biological processes, clinical findings, chemical interactions, and dose-response at the molecular, cellular, organ and organism levels will minimize the need for extrapolation and reliance on default approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dourson
- Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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38
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Piegorsch WW, An L, Wickens AA, West RW, Peña EA, Wu W. Information-theoretic model-averaged benchmark dose analysis in environmental risk assessment. ENVIRONMETRICS 2013; 24:143-157. [PMID: 24039461 PMCID: PMC3768164 DOI: 10.1002/env.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An important objective in environmental risk assessment is estimation of minimum exposure levels, called Benchmark Doses (BMDs), that induce a pre-specified Benchmark Response (BMR) in a dose-response experiment. In such settings, representations of the risk are traditionally based on a specified parametric model. It is a well-known concern, however, that existing parametric estimation techniques are sensitive to the form employed for modeling the dose response. If the chosen parametric model is in fact misspecified, this can lead to inaccurate low-dose inferences. Indeed, avoiding the impact of model selection was one early motivating issue behind development of the BMD technology. Here, we apply a frequentist model averaging approach for estimating benchmark doses, based on information-theoretic weights. We explore how the strategy can be used to build one-sided lower confidence limits on the BMD, and we study the confidence limits' small-sample properties via a simulation study. An example from environmental carcinogenicity testing illustrates the calculations. It is seen that application of this information-theoretic, model averaging methodology to benchmark analysis can improve environmental health planning and risk regulation when dealing with low-level exposures to hazardous agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter W Piegorsch
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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39
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Shi H, Magaye R, Castranova V, Zhao J. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:15. [PMID: 23587290 PMCID: PMC3637140 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications. TiO2 NPs possess different physicochemical properties compared to their fine particle (FP) analogs, which might alter their bioactivity. Most of the literature cited here has focused on the respiratory system, showing the importance of inhalation as the primary route for TiO2 NP exposure in the workplace. TiO2 NPs may translocate to systemic organs from the lung and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) although the rate of translocation appears low. There have also been studies focusing on other potential routes of human exposure. Oral exposure mainly occurs through food products containing TiO2 NP-additives. Most dermal exposure studies, whether in vivo or in vitro, report that TiO2 NPs do not penetrate the stratum corneum (SC). In the field of nanomedicine, intravenous injection can deliver TiO2 nanoparticulate carriers directly into the human body. Upon intravenous exposure, TiO2 NPs can induce pathological lesions of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. We have also shown here that most of these effects may be due to the use of very high doses of TiO2 NPs. There is also an enormous lack of epidemiological data regarding TiO2 NPs in spite of its increased production and use. However, long-term inhalation studies in rats have reported lung tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the toxicology of TiO2 NPs and points out areas where further information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shi
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ruth Magaye
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, P. R. China
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Hubbs AF, Sargent LM, Porter DW, Sager TM, Chen BT, Frazer DG, Castranova V, Sriram K, Nurkiewicz TR, Reynolds SH, Battelli LA, Schwegler-Berry D, McKinney W, Fluharty KL, Mercer RR. Nanotechnology: toxicologic pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:395-409. [PMID: 23389777 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312467403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology involves technology, science, and engineering in dimensions less than 100 nm. A virtually infinite number of potential nanoscale products can be produced from many different molecules and their combinations. The exponentially increasing number of nanoscale products will solve critical needs in engineering, science, and medicine. However, the virtually infinite number of potential nanotechnology products is a challenge for toxicologic pathologists. Because of their size, nanoparticulates can have therapeutic and toxic effects distinct from micron-sized particulates of the same composition. In the nanoscale, distinct intercellular and intracellular translocation pathways may provide a different distribution than that obtained by micron-sized particulates. Nanoparticulates interact with subcellular structures including microtubules, actin filaments, centrosomes, and chromatin; interactions that may be facilitated in the nanoscale. Features that distinguish nanoparticulates from fine particulates include increased surface area per unit mass and quantum effects. In addition, some nanotechnology products, including the fullerenes, have a novel and reactive surface. Augmented microscopic procedures including enhanced dark-field imaging, immunofluorescence, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy are useful when evaluating nanoparticulate toxicologic pathology. Thus, the pathology assessment is facilitated by understanding the unique features at the nanoscale and the tools that can assist in evaluating nanotoxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Hubbs
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.
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Gulumian M, Kuempel ED, Savolainen K. Global challenges in the risk assessment of nanomaterials: Relevance to South Africa. S AFR J SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4102/sajs.v108i9/10.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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42
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Small difference in carcinogenic potency between GBP nanomaterials and GBP micromaterials. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:995-1007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, a growing number of people are expected to be exposed to its products, the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Some physico-chemical properties of ENMs, linked to their size in the nanoscale (1-100 nm), make them potentially more reactive, and therefore raise concern about possible adverse effects in humans. In this article, I discuss human diseases which may be predicted after exposure to ENMs, and how their pathogenetic mechanisms may be linked to exposure; in this regard, special emphasis has been given to the triad of oxidative stress/inflammation/genotoxicity and to the interaction of ENMs/proteins in different biological compartments. The analysis of possible adverse effects has been made on an organ-by-organ basis, starting from the skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract. These sites are in fact not only those exposed to the highest amounts of ENMs, but are also the portals of entry to internal organs for possible systemic effects. Although the list and the relevance of possible human disorders linked to ENM exposure are at least as impressive as that of their direct or indirect beneficial effects for human health, we must be clear that ENM-linked diseases belong to the realm of possible risk (i.e. cannot be excluded, but are unlikely), whereas ENMs with proven beneficial effects are on the market. Therefore, the mandatory awareness about possible adverse effects of ENMs should in no way be interpreted as a motivation to disregard the great opportunity represented by nanotechnology.
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44
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Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles in testicular cells. Toxicology 2012; 291:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Stebounova LV, Morgan H, Grassian VH, Brenner S. Health and safety implications of occupational exposure to engineered nanomaterials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 4:310-21. [PMID: 22131295 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth and commercialization of nanotechnology are currently outpacing health and safety recommendations for engineered nanomaterials. As the production and use of nanomaterials increase, so does the possibility that there will be exposure of workers and the public to these materials. This review provides a summary of current research and regulatory efforts related to occupational exposure and medical surveillance for the nanotechnology workforce, focusing on the most prevalent industrial nanomaterials currently moving through the research, development, and manufacturing pipelines. Their applications and usage precedes a discussion of occupational health and safety efforts, including exposure assessment, occupational health surveillance, and regulatory considerations for these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa V Stebounova
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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46
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Wang S, Hunter LA, Arslan Z, Wilkerson MG, Wickliffe JK. Chronic exposure to nanosized, anatase titanium dioxide is not cyto- or genotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:614-22. [PMID: 21786335 DOI: 10.1002/em.20660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2) ) are widely used in cosmetics, skin care products, paints, and water treatment processes. Disagreement remains regarding the safety of nano-TiO(2) , and little epidemiological data is available to provide needed resolution. Most studies have examined effects using acute exposure experiments with relatively few studies using a chronic exposure design. We examined cyto- and genotoxicity in CHO-K1 cells following 60 days of continuous exposure to defined levels of nano-TiO(2) (0, 10, 20, or 40 μg/ml). Oxidative stress increased in a concentration-dependent manner in short- (2 days) and long-term cultures, but long-term cultures had lower levels of oxidative stress. The primary reactive oxygen species appeared to be superoxide, and ROS indicators were lowered with the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). No cyto- or genotoxic effects were apparent using the XTT, trypan-blue exclusion, and colony-forming assays for viability and the Comet and Hprt gene mutation assays for genotoxicity. Nano-TiO(2) increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, but this effect did not appear to influence cell viability or cell division. Cellular Ti content was dose-dependent, but chronically exposed cells had lower amounts than acutely exposed cells. CHO cells appear to adapt to chronic exposure to nano-TiO(2) and detoxify excess ROS possibly through upregulation of SOD in addition to reducing particle uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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47
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Hasegawa G, Shimonaka M, Ishihara Y. Differential genotoxicity of chemical properties and particle size of rare metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:72-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Go Hasegawa
- Department of Public Health; School of Medicine; Kurume University; 67 Asahimachi; Kurume; Fukuoka; 830-0011; Japan
| | - Motoyuki Shimonaka
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo University of Science; 1-3 Kagurazaka; Shinjuku-ku; Tokyo; 162-8601; Japan
| | - Yoko Ishihara
- Department of Public Health; School of Medicine; Kurume University; 67 Asahimachi; Kurume; Fukuoka; 830-0011; Japan
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48
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Halappanavar S, Jackson P, Williams A, Jensen KA, Hougaard KS, Vogel U, Yauk CL, Wallin H. Pulmonary response to surface-coated nanotitanium dioxide particles includes induction of acute phase response genes, inflammatory cascades, and changes in microRNAs: a toxicogenomic study. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:425-39. [PMID: 21259345 PMCID: PMC3210826 DOI: 10.1002/em.20639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nanoTiO(2) ) are used in various applications including in paints. NanoTiO(2) inhalation may induce pulmonary toxicity and systemic effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of inhaled surface-coated nanoTiO(2) on pulmonary global messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) expression in mouse were characterized to provide insight into the molecular response. Female C57BL/6BomTac mice were exposed for 1 hr daily to 42.4 ± 2.9 (SEM) mg surface-coated nanoTiO(2) /m(3) for 11 consecutive days by inhalation and were sacrificed 5 days following the last exposure. Physicochemical properties of the particles were determined. Pulmonary response to nanoTiO(2) was characterized using DNA microarrays and pathway-specific PCR arrays and related to data on pulmonary inflammation from bronchial lavages. NanoTiO(2) exposure resulted in increased levels of mRNA for acute phase markers serum amyloid A-1 (Saa1) and serum amyloid A-3 (Saa3), several C-X-C and C-C motif chemokines, and cytokine tumor necrosis factor genes. Protein analysis of Saa1 and 3 showed selective upregulation of Saa3 in lung tissues. Sixteen miRNAs were induced by more than 1.2-fold (adjusted P-value < 0.05) following exposure. Real time polymerase chain reaction confirmed the upregulation of miR-1, miR-449a and revealed dramatic induction of miR-135b (60-fold). Thus, inhalation of surface-coated nanoTiO(2) results in changes in the expression of genes associated with acute phase, inflammation and immune response 5 days post exposure with concomitant changes in several miRNAs. The role of these miRNAs in pulmonary response to inhaled particles is unknown and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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49
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Roller J, Laschke MW, Tschernig T, Schramm R, Veith NT, Thorlacius H, Menger MD. How to detect a dwarf: in vivo imaging of nanoparticles in the lung. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:753-62. [PMID: 21419874 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field in science and industry. The exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) will steadily grow in the future and there is thus an urgent need to study potential impacts of the interaction between NPs and the human body. The respiratory tract is the route of entry for all accidentally inhaled NPs. Moreover, NPs may intentionally be delivered into the lung as contrast agents and drug delivery systems. The present review provides an overview of currently used techniques for the in vivo imaging of NPs in the lung, including x-ray imaging, computed tomography, gamma camera imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, near-infrared imaging, and intravital fluorescence microscopy. Studies based on these techniques may contribute to the development of novel NP-based drug delivery systems and contrast agents. In addition, they may provide completely new insights into nanotoxicological processes. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Nanoparticles are rapidly gaining ground in various therapeutic and diagnostic applications. This review provides an overview of current in vivo imaging techniques of NPs in the lung, including x-ray, CT, gamma camera imaging, PET, MRI, near-infrared imaging, and intravital fluorescence microscopy, aiding the development of novel NP-based techniques and nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Roller
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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50
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Hubbs AF, Mercer RR, Benkovic SA, Harkema JACK, Sriram K, Schwegler-Berry D, Goravanahally MP, Nurkiewicz TR, Castranova V, Sargent LM. Nanotoxicology--a pathologist's perspective. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:301-24. [PMID: 21422259 PMCID: PMC9808592 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310390705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in chemistry and engineering have created a new technology, nanotechnology, involving the tiniest known manufactured products. These products have a rapidly increasing market share and appear poised to revolutionize engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Unfortunately, nanotoxicology, the study of nanoparticulate health effects, lags behind advances in nanotechnology. Over the past decade, existing literature on ultrafine particles and respirable durable fibers has been supplemented by studies of first-generation nanotechnology products. These studies suggest that nanosizing increases the toxicity of many particulates. First, as size decreases, surface area increases, thereby speeding up dissolution of soluble particulates and exposing more of the reactive surface of durable but reactive particulates. Second, nanosizing facilitates movement of particulates across cellular and intracellular barriers. Third, nanosizing allows particulates to interact with, and sometimes even hybridize with, subcellular structures, including in some cases microtubules and DNA. Finally, nanosizing of some particulates, increases pathologic and physiologic responses, including inflammation, fibrosis, allergic responses, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, and may alter cardiovascular and lymphatic function. Knowing how the size and physiochemical properties of nanoparticulates affect bioactivity is important in assuring that the exciting new products of nanotechnology are used safely. This review provides an introduction to the pathology and toxicology of nanoparticulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F. Hubbs
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert R. Mercer
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Stanley A. Benkovic
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - JACK Harkema
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Madhusudan P. Goravanahally
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Linda M. Sargent
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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