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Gruber R. How to explain the beneficial effects of platelet-rich plasma. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38600634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the platelet and leukocyte-containing plasmatic fraction of anticoagulated autologous blood. While evidence supporting the clinical use of PRP in dentistry is low, PRP is widely used in sports medicine, orthopedics, and dermatology. Its beneficial activity is commonly attributed to the growth factors released from platelets accumulating in PRP; however, evidence is indirect and not comprehensive. There is thus a demand to revisit PRP with respect to basic and translational science. This review is to (i) recapitulate protocols and tools to prepare PRP; (ii) to discuss the cellular and molecular composition of PRP with a focus on platelets, leukocytes, and the fibrin-rich extracellular matrix of coagulated plasma; and finally (iii) to discuss potential beneficial effects of PRP on a cellular and molecular level with an outlook on its current use in dentistry and other medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Beitia M, Delgado D, Mercader J, Sánchez P, López de Dicastillo L, Sánchez M. Action of Platelet-Rich Plasma on In Vitro Cellular Bioactivity: More than Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065367. [PMID: 36982439 PMCID: PMC10049396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biological therapy in which one of the mechanisms of action is the stimulation of biological processes such as cell proliferation. The size of PRP’s effect depends on multiple factors, one of the most important being the composition of PRP. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cell proliferation and the levels of certain growth factors (IGF-1, HGF, PDGF, TGF-β and VEG) in PRP. First, the composition and effect on cell proliferation of PRP versus platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were compared. Subsequently, the correlation between each growth factor of PRP and cell proliferation was evaluated. Cell proliferation was higher in cells incubated with lysates derived from PRP compared to those cultured with lysates derived from PPP. In terms of composition, the levels of PDGF, TGF-β, and VEGF were significantly higher in PRP. When analyzing the PRP growth factors, IGF-1 was the only factor that correlated significantly with cell proliferation. Of those analyzed, the level of IGF-1 was the only one that did not correlate with platelet levels. The magnitude of PRP’s effect depends not only on platelet count but also on other platelet-independent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Beitia
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jon Mercader
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Pello Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Mikel Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-945-252077
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3
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Lee JS, Guo P, Klett K, Hall M, Sinha K, Ravuri S, Huard J, Murphy WL. VEGF-attenuated platelet-rich plasma improves therapeutic effect on cartilage repair. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2172-2181. [PMID: 35348136 PMCID: PMC9622215 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01873f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained popularity as a less invasive treatment for various musculoskeletal tissue injuries and conditions due to its favorable safety profile, minimal manipulation and cost-effectiveness. Although PRP treatment has been clinically used for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and damaged cartilage, evidence on therapeutic efficacy has been inconsistent, which calls for a methodology to achieve consistent and improved treatment outcomes. Given that PRP contains numerous proteins, we hypothesized that attenuation of a growth factor known to be detrimental to the healing tissue would enhance efficacy of PRP treatment. Considering that VEGF-mediated angiogenesis inhibits the repair of articular cartilage, we developed VEGF-attenuated PRP by sequestering VEGF in PRP using VEGF-binding microspheres. We demonstrated that VEGF attenuation in PRP did not inhibit the effect of PRP on chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. In addition, healing of rat OA cartilage was significantly improved after treatment with VEGF-attenuated PRP when compared to the PRP treatment group or PBS control group. We expect that attenuation of unwanted biological activity using growth factor-binding microspheres could provide a new PRP customization method broadly applicable to various tissue repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Ping Guo
- Linda & Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Katarina Klett
- Linda & Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - MacGregor Hall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna Sinha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sudheer Ravuri
- Linda & Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Linda & Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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4
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Tang S, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang F. A Biomimetic Platelet-Rich Plasma-Based Interpenetrating Network Printable Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:887454. [PMID: 35497349 PMCID: PMC9041706 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.887454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of bone defects caused by trauma or diseases is the primary focus of prosthodontics. Hydrogels are among the most promising candidates for bone tissue regeneration due to their unique features such as excellent biocompatibility, similarities to biological tissues, and plasticity. Herein, we developed a type of novel biomimetic interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogel by combining methacrylated alginate and 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol)-acrylate (4A-PEGAcr) through photo-crosslinking. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a patient-specific source of autologous growth factors, was incorporated into the hydrogel, and thereafter the hydrogels were biological mineralized by simulated body fluid (SBF). Physical properties of hydrogels were comprehensively characterized. In vitro studies demonstrated that the incorporation of PRP and biomineralization promoted the biocompatibility of hydrogel. Strikingly, the osteogenic bioactivities, including ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, and expression of osteogenic markers were found substantially enhanced by this biomineralized PRP-hydrogel. Finally, a rabbit model of bone defect was employed to assess in vivo bone regeneration, micro-CT analysis showed that the biomineralized PRP-hydrogels could significantly accelerate bone generation. We believed that this novel biomineralized PRP-incorporated IPN hydrogel could be promising scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyang Zhang
- Center of Modem Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Feimin Zhang,
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5
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Philippe V, Laurent A, Abdel-Sayed P, Hirt-Burri N, Ann Applegate L, Martin R. Human Platelet Lysate as an Alternative to Autologous Serum for Human Chondrocyte Clinical Use. Cartilage 2021; 13:509S-518S. [PMID: 34330164 PMCID: PMC8808884 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211035433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A pivotal aspect of cartilage tissue engineering resides in cell culture medium supplementation, in view of maximizing in vitro cell proliferation and preserving cellular functionality. Autologous human serum (aHS) is commonly used as an inducive supplement for safe human articular chondrocyte (HAC) proliferation prior to clinical implantation. However, practical clinical use of aHS is hindered by constraining manufacturing requirements and quality assurance-driven downstream processing. The present study investigated potential alternative use of commercial human platelet lysate (hPL) supplements in HAC manufacturing workflows related to clinical therapeutic pathways. DESIGN Differential effects of hPL, aHS, and fetal bovine serum were assessed on primary cultured HAC parameters (viability, proliferative rates, and morphology) in 2-dimensional in vitro systems. A 3-dimensional HAC pellet model served for postexpansion assessment of cellular functionality, by visualizing proteoglycan production (Alcian blue staining), and by using qRT-PCR relative quantification of chondrogenic marker (SOX9, COL2-A1, and ACAN) genetic expression. RESULTS We found that monolayer HAC culture with hPL or aHS supplements presented similar characteristics (elongated cell morphology and nearly identical growth kinetics). Chondrogenic activity appeared as conserved in HACs expanded with human or bovine supplements, wherein histologic analysis indicated a progressive sGAG accumulation and SOX9, COL2-A1, ACAN gene expression was upregulated in 3-dimensional HAC pellet models. CONCLUSION This study therefore supports the use of hPL as a functional equivalent and alternative to aHS for cultured HAC batch preparation, with the potential to effectively alleviate pressure on clinical and manufacturing bottlenecks in cell therapy approaches for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Philippe
- Service of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne,
Switzerland,Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne
University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland,Virginie Philippe, Service of Orthopaedic
Surgery and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Pierre-Decker 4,
Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland. Email
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne
University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne
University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne
University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne
University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Martin
- Service of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne,
Switzerland
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6
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Myeloproliferative Disorders and its Effect on Bone Homeostasis: The Role of Megakaryocytes. Blood 2021; 139:3127-3137. [PMID: 34428274 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of chronic hematological diseases that arise from the clonal expansion of abnormal hematopoietic stem cells, of which Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) have been extensively reviewed in context of clonal expansion, fibrosis and other phenotypes. Here, we review current knowledge on the influence of different forms of MPN on bone health. Studies implicated various degrees of effect of different forms of MPN on bone density, and on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, using murine models and human data. The majority of studies show that bone volume is generally increased in PMF patients, whereas it is slightly decreased or not altered in ET and PV patients, although possible differences between male and female phenotypes were not fully explored in most MPN forms. Osteosclerosis seen in PMF patients is a serious complication that can lead to bone marrow failure, and the loss of bone reported in some ET and PV patients can lead to osteoporotic fractures. Some MPN forms are associated with increased number of megakaryocytes (MKs), and several of the MK-associated factors in MPN are known to affect bone development. Here, we review known mechanisms involved in these processes, with focus on the role of MKs and secreted factors. Understanding MPN-associated changes in bone health could improve early intervention and treatment of this side effect of the pathology.
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7
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Promoting limbal stem cells proliferation and maintenance using post-thaw human amniotic membranes fortified by platelet lysate. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Anitua E, Cerqueira A, Romero-Gavilán F, García-Arnáez I, Martinez-Ramos C, Ozturan S, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Gurruchaga M, Goñi I, Suay J, Tejero R. Influence of calcium ion-modified implant surfaces in protein adsorption and implant integration. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:32. [PMID: 33880662 PMCID: PMC8058122 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium (Ca) is a well-known element in bone metabolism and blood coagulation. Here, we investigate the link between the protein adsorption pattern and the in vivo responses of surfaces modified with calcium ions (Ca-ion) as compared to standard titanium implant surfaces (control). We used LC–MS/MS to identify the proteins adhered to the surfaces after incubation with human serum and performed bilateral surgeries in the medial section of the femoral condyles of 18 New Zealand white rabbits to test osseointegration at 2 and 8 weeks post-implantation (n=9). Results Ca-ion surfaces adsorbed 181.42 times more FA10 and 3.85 times less FA12 (p<0.001), which are factors of the common and the intrinsic coagulation pathways respectively. We also detected differences in A1AT, PLMN, FA12, KNG1, HEP2, LYSC, PIP, SAMP, VTNC, SAA4, and CFAH (p<0.01). At 2 and 8 weeks post-implantation, the mean bone implant contact (BIC) with Ca-ion surfaces was respectively 1.52 and 1.25 times higher, and the mean bone volume density (BVD) was respectively 1.35 and 1.13 times higher. Differences were statistically significant for BIC at 2 and 8 weeks and for BVD at 2 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusions The strong thrombogenic protein adsorption pattern at Ca-ion surfaces correlated with significantly higher levels of implant osseointegration. More effective implant surfaces combined with smaller implants enable less invasive surgeries, shorter healing times, and overall lower intervention costs, especially in cases of low quantity or quality of bone. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40729-021-00314-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- University Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), C/ Jacinto Quincoces, 39, 01007, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francisco Romero-Gavilán
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Iñaki García-Arnáez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), P.M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cristina Martinez-Ramos
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Seda Ozturan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istambul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Mariló Gurruchaga
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), P.M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), P.M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julio Suay
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ricardo Tejero
- University Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), C/ Jacinto Quincoces, 39, 01007, Vitoria, Spain.
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Asparuhova MB, Stähli A, Guldener K, Sculean A. A Novel Volume-Stable Collagen Matrix Induces Changes in the Behavior of Primary Human Oral Fibroblasts, Periodontal Ligament, and Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084051. [PMID: 33919968 PMCID: PMC8070954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a novel volume-stable collagen matrix (vCM) on early wound healing events including cellular migration and adhesion, protein adsorption and release, and the dynamics of the hemostatic system. For this purpose, we utilized transwell migration and crystal violet adhesion assays, ELISAs for quantification of adsorbed and released from the matrix growth factors, and qRT-PCR for quantification of gene expression in cells grown on the matrix. Our results demonstrated that primary human oral fibroblasts, periodontal ligament, and endothelial cells exhibited increased migration toward vCM compared to control cells that migrated in the absence of the matrix. Cellular adhesive properties on vCM were significantly increased compared to controls. Growth factors TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, FGF-2, and GDF-5 were adsorbed on vCM with great efficiency and continuously delivered in the medium after an initial burst release within hours. We observed statistically significant upregulation of genes encoding the antifibrinolytic thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, thrombospondin 1, and thromboplastin, as well as strong downregulation of genes encoding the profibrinolytic tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its receptor, and the matrix metalloproteinase 14 in cells grown on vCM. As a general trend, the stimulatory effect of the vCM on the expression of antifibrinolytic genes was synergistically enhanced by TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, or FGF-2, whereas the strong inhibitory effect of the vCM on the expression of profibrinolytic genes was reversed by PDGF-BB, FGF-2, or GDF-5. Taken together, our data strongly support the effect of the novel vCM on fibrin clot stabilization and coagulation/fibrinolysis equilibrium, thus facilitating progression to the next stages of the soft tissue healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Asparuhova
- Dental Research Center, Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.); (K.G.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.); (K.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Kevin Guldener
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.); (K.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.); (K.G.); (A.S.)
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10
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Towards Physiologic Culture Approaches to Improve Standard Cultivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040886. [PMID: 33924517 PMCID: PMC8069108 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of great interest for their use in cell-based therapies due to their multipotent differentiation and immunomodulatory capacities. In consequence of limited numbers following their isolation from the donor tissue, MSCs require extensive expansion performed in traditional 2D cell culture setups to reach adequate amounts for therapeutic use. However, prolonged culture of MSCs in vitro has been shown to decrease their differentiation potential and alter their immunomodulatory properties. For that reason, preservation of these physiological characteristics of MSCs throughout their in vitro culture is essential for improving the efficiency of therapeutic and in vitro modeling applications. With this objective in mind, many studies already investigated certain parameters for enhancing current standard MSC culture protocols with regard to the effects of specific culture media components or culture conditions. Although there is a lot of diversity in the final therapeutic uses of the cells, the primary stage of standard isolation and expansion is imperative. Therefore, we want to review on approaches for optimizing standard MSC culture protocols during this essential primary step of in vitro expansion. The reviewed studies investigate and suggest improvements focused on culture media components (amino acids, ascorbic acid, glucose level, growth factors, lipids, platelet lysate, trace elements, serum, and xenogeneic components) as well as culture conditions and processes (hypoxia, cell seeding, and dissociation during passaging), in order to preserve the MSC phenotype and functionality during the primary phase of in vitro culture.
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11
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Kurdi BA, Ababneh NA, Abuharfeil N, Al Demour S, Awidi AS. Use of conditioned media (CM) and xeno-free serum substitute on human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation into urothelial-like cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10890. [PMID: 33850639 PMCID: PMC8019311 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital abnormalities, cancers as well as injuries can cause irreversible damage to the urinary tract, which eventually requires tissue reconstruction. Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and urothelial cells are the major cell types required for the reconstruction of lower urinary tract. Adult stem cells represent an accessible source of unlimited repertoire of untransformed cells. Aim Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most vital supplement in the culture media used for cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, due to the increasing interest in manufacturing xeno-free stem cell-based cellular products, optimizing the composition of the culture media and the serum-type used is of paramount importance. In this study, the effects of FBS and pooled human platelet (pHPL) lysate were assessed on the capacity of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into urothelial-like cells. Also, we aimed to compare the ability of both conditioned media (CM) and unconditioned urothelial cell media (UCM) to induce urothelial differentiation of ADCS in vitro. Methods ADSCs were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized by flow cytometry for their ability to express the most common mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) markers. The differentiation potential was also assessed by differentiating them into osteogenic and adipogenic cell lineages. To evaluate the capacity of ADSCs to differentiate towards the urothelial-like lineage, cells were cultured with either CM or UCM, supplemented with either 5% pHPL, 2.5% pHPL or 10% FBS. After 14 days of induction, cells were utilized for gene expression and immunofluorescence analysis. Results ADSCs cultured in CM and supplemented with FBS exhibited the highest upregulation levels of the urothelial cell markers; cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), and Uroplakin-2 (UPK-2), with a 6.7, 4.2- and a 2-folds increase in gene expression, respectively. Meanwhile, the use of CM supplemented with either 5% pHPL or 2.5% pHPL, and UCM supplemented with either 5% pHPL or 2.5% pHPL showed low expression levels of CK-18 and CK-19 and no upregulation of UPK-2 level was observed. In contrast, the use of UCM with FBS has increased the levels of CK-18 and CK-19, however to a lesser extent compared to CM. At the cellular level, CK-18 and UPK-2 were only detected in CM/FBS supplemented group. Growth factor analysis revealed an increase in the expression levels of EGF, VEGF and PDGF in all of the differentiated groups. Conclusion Efficient ADSCs urothelial differentiation is dependent on the use of conditioned media. The presence of high concentrations of proliferation-inducing growth factors present in the pHPL reduces the efficiency of ADSCs differentiation towards the urothelial lineage. Additionally, the increase in EGF, VEGF and PDGF during the differentiation implicates them in the mechanism of urothelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Al- Kurdi
- Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Nizar Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saddam Al Demour
- Department of Urology, School of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla S Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
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12
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Insights into the mechanism of vascular endothelial cells on bone biology. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227494. [PMID: 33403387 PMCID: PMC7816070 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the skeletal system, blood vessels not only function as a conduit system for transporting gases, nutrients, metabolic waste, or cells but also provide multifunctional signal molecules regulating bone development, regeneration, and remodeling. Endothelial cells (ECs) in bone tissues, unlike in other organ tissues, are in direct contact with the pericytes of blood vessels, resulting in a closer connection with peripheral connective tissues. Close-contact ECs contribute to osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis by secreting various cytokines in the paracrine or juxtacrine pathways. An increasing number of studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ECs can directly regulate maturation process of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The different pathways focus on targets at different distances, forming the basis of the intimate spatial and temporal link between bone tissue and blood vessels. Here, we provide a systematic review to elaborate on the function of ECs in bone biology and its underlying mechanisms based on three aspects: paracrine, EVs, and juxtacrine. This review proposes the possibility of a therapeutic strategy targeting blood vessels, as an adjuvant treatment for bone disorders.
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Stramandinoli-Zanicotti RT, Sassi LM, Rebelatto CLK, Boldrine-Leite LM, Brofman PR, Carvalho AL. The effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells associated with platelet-rich plasma on the osseointegration of immediately placed implants. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e8-e13. [PMID: 33425225 PMCID: PMC7781218 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells associated with growth factors have been shown to improve bone healing and the osseointegration of dental implants. A Brazilian miniature pig model was used to evaluate the effect of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the osseointegration of immediately placed dental implants.
Material and Methods A total of four male adult miniature pigs were used in this study. BM-MSCs from each pig were isolated from the iliac crest and expanded in vitro. The undifferentiated BM-MSCs were mixed with autologous PRP and implanted in the post-extraction sockets at the experimental sites before implant placement (10 x 106 cells/ socket). The control sites did not receive either BM-MSC or PRP. Each animal received four implants in the control side and 04 on the experimental side, totalizing 32 implants. The specimens were analyzed radiographically and histomorphometrically to determine the implant loss rate (ILR), the bone-implant contact (BIC), and bone density within the threads (BDWT).
Results The ILR, the BIC, and the BDWT for the control and experimental sites were respectively 25.0% and 18.7% (p=0.686); 39.0% and 27.7% (p=0.110); 46.8% and 36.5% (p=0.247).
Conclusions The use of BM-MSCs + PRP in conjunction with immediately placed implants showed a lower ILR but there was no significant effect on the osseointegration of the dental implants. More preclinical studies, in large animal models, are needed to establish whether BM-MSCs associated with PRP could be used for the enhancement of the osseointegration of dental implants. Key words:Osseointegration, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, dental implants, minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta-Targa Stramandinoli-Zanicotti
- Postgraduate Program in Oncology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Laurindo-Moacir Sassi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Lidiane M Boldrine-Leite
- Experimental Laboratory of Cell Culture, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUC-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo-Roberto Brofman
- Experimental Laboratory of Cell Culture, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUC-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andre-Lopes Carvalho
- Research Advisor of Postgraduate Program in Oncology, Medical School of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Numerical Methods for the Design and Description of In Vitro Expansion Processes of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 177:185-228. [PMID: 33090237 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a valuable source of cells for clinical applications (e.g., treatment of acute myocardial infarction or inflammatory diseases), especially in the field of regenerative medicine. However, for autologous (patient-specific) and allogeneic (off-the-shelf) hMSC-based therapies, in vitro expansion is necessary prior to the clinical application in order to achieve the required cell numbers. Safe, reproducible, and economic in vitro expansion of hMSCs for autologous and allogeneic therapies can be problematic because the cell material is restricted and the cells are sensitive to environmental changes. It is beneficial to collect detailed information on the hydrodynamic conditions and cell growth behavior in a bioreactor system, in order to develop a so called "Digital Twin" of the cultivation system and expansion process. Numerical methods, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) which has become widely used in the biotech industry for studying local characteristics within bioreactors or kinetic growth modelling, provide possible solutions for such tasks.In this review, we will present the current state-of-the-art for the in vitro expansion of hMSCs. Different numerical tools, including numerical fluid flow simulations and cell growth modelling approaches for hMSCs, will be presented. In addition, a case study demonstrating the applicability of CFD and kinetic growth modelling for the development of an microcarrier-based hMSC process will be shown.
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15
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De Angelis E, Grolli S, Saleri R, Conti V, Andrani M, Berardi M, Cavalli V, Passeri B, Ravanetti F, Borghetti P. Platelet lysate reduces the chondrocyte dedifferentiation during in vitro expansion: Implications for cartilage tissue engineering. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:98-105. [PMID: 32961475 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have demonstrated that platelet lysate (PL) can serve as an alternative to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to sustain chondrocyte proliferation and production of extracellular matrix components in chondrocytes. The present study aimed to evaluate the direct effects of PL on equine articular chondrocytes in vitro in order to provide a rationale for in vivo use of PL. An in vitro cell proliferation and de-differentiation model was used: primary articular chondrocytes isolated from horse articular cartilage were cultured at low density under adherent conditions to promote cell proliferation. Chondrocytes were cultured in serum-free medium, 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented medium, or in the presence of alginate beads containing 5%, 10% and 20% PL. Cell proliferation and gene expression of relevant chondrocyte differentiation markers were investigated. The proliferative capacity of cultured chondrocytes, was sustained more effectively at certain concentrations of PL as compared to that with FBS. In addition, as opposed to FBS, PL, particularly at percentages of 5% and 10%, could maintain the gene expression pattern of relevant chondrocyte differentiation markers. In particular, 5% PL supplementation showed the best compromise between chondrocyte proliferation capacity and maintenance of differentiation. The results of the present study provide a rationale for using PL as an alternative to FBS for in vitro expansion of chondrocytes for matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation, construction of 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering, and treatment of damaged articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Grolli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Virna Conti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Berardi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
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16
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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17
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Thanasrisuebwong P, Kiattavorncharoen S, Surarit R, Phruksaniyom C, Ruangsawasdi N. Red and Yellow Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Demonstrated Differential Effects on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145153. [PMID: 32708242 PMCID: PMC7404021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological benefits of using two fractions derived from injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in bone regeneration remain unclear. Thus, the current study examined two fractionation protocols producing yellow i-PRF and red i-PRF on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). The i-PRF samples from five donors were harvested from two different levels, with and without a buffy coat layer, to obtain red and yellow i-PRF, respectively. The PDLSCs were isolated and characterized before their experimental use. The culture medium in each assay was loaded with 20% of the conditioned medium containing the factors released from the red and yellow i-PRF. Cell proliferation and cell migration were determined with an MTT and trans-well assay, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was investigated using alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red staining. The efficiency of both i-PRFs was statistically compared. We found that the factors released from the red i-PRF had a greater effect on cell proliferation and cell migration. Moreover, the factors released from the yellow i-PRF stimulated PDLSC osteogenic differentiation earlier compared with the red i-PRF. These data suggest that the red i-PRF might be suitable for using in bone regeneration because it induced the mobilization and growth of bone regenerative cells without inducing premature mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakan Thanasrisuebwong
- Dental Implant Center, Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Chareerut Phruksaniyom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Nisarat Ruangsawasdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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Platelet-Rich Fibrin Can Neutralize Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cell Death in Gingival Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060560. [PMID: 32604944 PMCID: PMC7346145 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a damage signal at sites of chronic inflammation. The question arises whether platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), platelet-poor plasma (PPP), and the buffy coat can neutralize hydrogen peroxide toxicity and thereby counteract local oxidative stress. In the present study, gingival fibroblasts cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide with and without lysates obtained from PRF membranes, PPP, heated PPP (75 °C for 10 min), and the buffy coat. Cell viability was examined by trypan blue staining, live-dead staining, and formazan crystal formation. Cell apoptosis was assessed by cleaved caspase-3 Western blot analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized to determine the impact of PRF lysates on the expression of catalase in fibroblasts. It was reported that lysates from PRF, PPP, and the buffy coat—but not heated PPP—abolished the hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in gingival fibroblasts. Necrosis was confirmed by a loss of membrane integrity and apoptosis was ruled out by the lack of cleavage of caspase-3. Aminotriazole, an inhibitor of catalase, reduced the cytoprotective activity of PRF lysates yet blocking of glutathione peroxidase by mercaptosuccinate did not show the same effect. PRF lysates had no impact on the expression of catalase in gingival fibroblasts. These findings suggest that PRF, PPP, and the buffy coat can neutralize hydrogen peroxide through the release of heat-sensitive catalase.
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Nica C, Lin Z, Sculean A, Asparuhova MB. Adsorption and Release of Growth Factors from Four Different Porcine-Derived Collagen Matrices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2635. [PMID: 32526991 PMCID: PMC7321618 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Xenogeneic acellular collagen matrices represent a safe alternative to autologous soft tissue transplants in periodontology and implant dentistry. Here, we aimed to investigate the adsorption and release of growth factors from four porcine-derived collagen matrices using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Non-crosslinked collagen matrix (NCM), crosslinked collagen matrix (CCM), dried acellular dermal matrix (DADM), and hydrated acellular dermal matrix (HADM) adsorbed each of the following growth factors, TGF-β1, FGF-2, PDGF-BB, GDF-5 and BMP-2, with an efficiency close to 100%. Growth factor release for a 13-day period was in the range of 10-50% of the adsorbed protein, except for the BMP-2 release that was in the range of 5-7%. Generally, protein release occurred in two phases. Phase I was arbitrary defined by the highest release from the matrices, usually within 24 h. Phase II, spanning the period immediately after the peak release until day 13, corresponded to the delayed release of the growth factors from the deeper layers of the matrices. HADM showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher TGF-β1, FGF-2, and PDGF-BB release in phase II, compared to the rest of the matrices. NCM exhibited significantly (P < 0.001) higher FGF-2 release in phase II, compared to CCM and DADM as well as a characteristic second peak in PDGF-BB release towards the middle of the tested period. In contrast to NCM and HADM, CCM and DADM showed a gradual and significantly higher release of GDF-5 in the second phase. Several burst releases of BMP-2 were characteristic for all matrices. The efficient adsorption and sustained protein release in the first 13 days, and the kinetics seen for HADM, with a burst release within hours and high amount of released growth factor within a secondary phase, may be beneficial for the long-term tissue regeneration following reconstructive periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nica
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.N.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Zhikai Lin
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.N.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Maria B. Asparuhova
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.N.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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20
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Strauss FJ, Nasirzade J, Kargarpoor Z, Stähli A, Gruber R. Effect of platelet-rich fibrin on cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis: a systematic review of in vitro studies. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:569-584. [PMID: 31879804 PMCID: PMC6988133 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To systematically assess the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on in vitro cellular behavior. Methods A systematic electronic search using MEDLINE database was performed. In vitro studies using PRF were considered and articles published up to June 31, 2018 were screened. Eligible studies were selected based on the use of human PRF. Results In total, 1746 titles were identified with the search terms, from these 37 met the inclusion criteria and were chosen for data extraction. In addition, 16 new studies, mainly published in 2019, were also included in the analysis resulting in 53 studies. No meta-analysis could be performed due to the heterogeneity of study designs. Included studies show that PRF enhances proliferation, migration, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation on a variety of cell types along with cell signaling activation. Furthermore, PRF reduces inflammation, suppresses osteoclastogenesis, and increases the expression of various growth factors in mesenchymal cells. Summary and conclusions Despite some notable differences of the studies, the overall findings suggest a positive effect of PRF on cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, differentiation, and inflammation pointing towards a therapeutic potential in regenerative dentistry. Clinical relevance PRF serves as a reservoir of bioactive molecules to support wound healing and bone regeneration. Although the cellular mechanisms by which PRF supports the clinical outcomes remain unclear, in vitro research provides possible explanations. This systematic review aims to provide an update of the existing research on how PRF affects basic physiological processes in vitro. The overall findings suggest that PRF induces cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and differentiation along with possessing anti-inflammatory properties further supporting its therapeutic potential in wound healing and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Josef Strauss
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Av. Sergio Livingstone, 943, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jila Nasirzade
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zahra Kargarpoor
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Saidova AA, Vorobjev IA. Lineage Commitment, Signaling Pathways, and the Cytoskeleton Systems in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 26:13-25. [PMID: 31663422 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult tissues are promising candidates for personalized cell therapy and tissue engineering. Significant progress was achieved in our understanding of the regulation of MSCs proliferation and differentiation by different cues during the past years. Proliferation and differentiation of MSCs are sensitive to the extracellular matrix (ECM) properties, physical cues, and chemical signaling. Sheath stress, matrix stiffness, surface adhesiveness, and micro- and nanotopography define cell shape and dictate lineage commitment of MSCs even in the absence of specific chemical signals. We discuss mechanotransduction as the major route from ECM through the cytoskeleton toward signaling pathways and gene expression. All components of the cytoskeleton from primary cilium and focal adhesions (FAs) to actin, microtubules (MTs), and intermediate filaments (IFs) are involved in the mechanotransduction. Differentiation of MSCs is regulated via the complex network of interrelated signaling pathways, including RhoA/ROCK, Akt/Erk, and YAP/TAZ effectors of Hippo pathway. These pathways could be regulated both by chemical and mechanical stimuli. Attenuation of these pathways in MSCs results in specific changes in FAs and actin cytoskeleton. Besides, differentiation of MSCs affects MTs and IFs. Recent findings highlight the role of intranuclear actin in the regulation of transcription factors in response to mechanical environmental stimuli. Alterations of cytoskeletal components reflect the MSC senescence state and their migratory capacity. In this review, we discuss the relationships between the molecular interactions in signaling pathways and morphological response of cytoskeletal components and reveal the complex interrelations between cytoskeleton systems and signaling pathways during lineage commitment of MSCs. Impact Statement This review describes the complex network of relationships between mechanical and biochemical stimuli in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their balance which defines the morphological changes of cell shape due to rearrangement of cytoskeletal systems during lineage commitment of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena A Saidova
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Center of Experimental Embryology and Reproductive Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities and National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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22
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Lai F, Kakudo N, Morimoto N, Taketani S, Hara T, Ogawa T, Kusumoto K. Platelet-rich plasma enhances the proliferation of human adipose stem cells through multiple signaling pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:107. [PMID: 29661222 PMCID: PMC5902971 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product that contains a high concentration of several growth factors. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is a potential mitogen for human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). PRP stimulates proliferation of hASCs; however, the signaling pathways activated by PRP remain unclear. METHODS hASCs were cultured with or without PRP or PDGF-BB, and proliferation was assessed. hASCs were also treated with PRP or PDGF-BB with or without imatinib, which is a PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or sorafenib, which is a multikinase inhibitor. Inhibition of cell proliferation was examined using anti-PDGF antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), by cell counting. We assessed the effects of inhibitors of various protein kinases such as ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and Akt on the proliferation of hASCs. RESULTS The proliferation was remarkably promoted in cells treated with either 1% PRP or 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB, and both imatinib and sorafenib inhibited this proliferation. Anti-PDGF antibody (0.5 and 2 μg/ml) significantly decreased the proliferation of hASCs compared with control. PRP-mediated hASC proliferation was blocked by inhibitors of ERK1/2, Akt, and JNK, but not by an inhibitor of p38. CONCLUSIONS PRP promotes hASC proliferation, and PDGF-BB in PRP plays a major role in inducing the proliferation of hASCs. PRP promotes hASC proliferation via ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, and JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Lai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kakudo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kenji Kusumoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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Jossen V, van den Bos C, Eibl R, Eibl D. Manufacturing human mesenchymal stem cells at clinical scale: process and regulatory challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3981-3994. [PMID: 29564526 PMCID: PMC5895685 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-based therapies are of increasing interest in the field of regenerative medicine. As economic considerations have shown, allogeneic therapy seems to be the most cost-effective method. Standardized procedures based on instrumented single-use bioreactors have been shown to provide billion of cells with consistent product quality and to be superior to traditional expansions in planar cultivation systems. Furthermore, under consideration of the complex nature and requirements of allogeneic hMSC-therapeutics, a new equipment for downstream processing (DSP) was successfully evaluated. This mini-review summarizes both the current state of the hMSC production process and the challenges which have to be taken into account when efficiently producing hMSCs for the clinical scale. Special emphasis is placed on the upstream processing (USP) and DSP operations which cover expansion, harvesting, detachment, separation, washing and concentration steps, and the regulatory demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jossen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | | | - Regine Eibl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Eibl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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24
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López JF, Sarkanen JR, Huttala O, Kaartinen IS, Kuokkanen HO, Ylikomi T. Adipose tissue extract shows potential for wound healing: in vitro proliferation and migration of cell types contributing to wound healing in the presence of adipose tissue preparation and platelet rich plasma. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1193-1204. [PMID: 29511946 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors are the key elements in wound healing signaling for cell migration, differentiation and proliferation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), one of the most studied sources of growth factors, has demonstrated to promote wound healing in vitro and in vivo. Adipose tissue is an alternative source of growth factors. Through a simple lipoaspirate method, adipose derived growth factor-rich preparation (adipose tissue extract; ATE) can be obtained. The authors set out to compare the effects of these two growth factor sources in cell proliferation and migration (scratch) assays of keratinocyte, fibroblast, endothelial and adipose derived stem cells. Growth factors involved in wound healing were measured: keratinocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, interleukin 6, platelet-derived growth factor beta, tumor necrosis factor alfa, transforming growth factor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor. PRP showed higher growth factor concentrations, except for keratinocyte growth factor, that was present in adipose tissue in greater quantities. This was reflected in vitro, where ATE significantly induced proliferation of keratinocytes at day 6 (p < 0.001), compared to plasma and control. Similarly, ATE-treated fibroblast and adipose stem cell cultures showed accelerated migration in scratch assays. Moreover, both sources showed accelerated keratinocyte migration. Adipose tissue preparation has an inductive effect in wound healing by proliferation and migration of cells involved in wound closure. Adipose tissue preparation appears to offer the distinct advantage of containing the adequate quantities of growth factors that induce cell activation, proliferation and migration, particularly in the early phase of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny F López
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, PL100, 33014, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Plastic Surgery, Unit of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Jertta-Riina Sarkanen
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, PL100, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Science Center, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Huttala
- FICAM, Finnish Center for Alternative Methods, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka S Kaartinen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Unit of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.,Science Center, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu O Kuokkanen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Unit of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.,Science Center, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Ylikomi
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, PL100, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Science Center, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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25
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Mushahary D, Spittler A, Kasper C, Weber V, Charwat V. Isolation, cultivation, and characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cytometry A 2017; 93:19-31. [PMID: 29072818 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit a high self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. This set of exceptional features makes them an attractive tool for research and clinical application. However, MSC are far from being a uniform cell type, which makes standardization difficult. The exact properties of human MSC (hMSC) can vary greatly depending on multiple parameters including tissue source, isolation method and medium composition. In this review we address the most important influence factors. We highlight variations in the differentiation potential of MSC from different tissue sources. Furthermore, we compare enzymatic isolation strategies with explants cultures focusing on adipose tissue and umbilical cords as two relevant examples. Additionally, we address effects of medium composition and serum supplementation on MSC expansion and differentiation. The lack of standardized methods for hMSC isolation and cultivation mandates careful evaluation of different protocols regarding efficiency and cell quality. MSC characterization based on a set of minimal criteria defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy is a widely accepted practice, and additional testing for MSC functionality can provide valuable supplementary information. The MSC secretome has been identified as an important signaling mechanism to affect other cells. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting increasing interest. The thorough characterization of MSC-derived EVs and their interaction with target cells is a crucial step toward a more complete understanding of MSC-derived EV functionality. Here, we focus on flow cytometric approaches to characterize free as well as cell bound EVs and address potential differences in the bioactivity of EVs derived from stem cells from different sources. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Mushahary
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry & Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Müller AS, Janjić K, Lilaj B, Edelmayer M, Agis H. Hypoxia-based strategies for regenerative dentistry—Views from the different dental fields. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:121-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Arpornmaeklong P, Sutthitrairong C, Jantaramanant P, Pripatnanont P. Allogenic human serum, a clinical grade serum supplement for promoting human periodontal ligament stem cell expansion. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:142-152. [PMID: 27957806 DOI: 10.1002/term.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposing human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to animal proteins during cell expansion would compromise quality and safety of the hPDLSCs for clinical applications. The current study aimed to evaluate the replacement of animal-based serum by human serum for the expansion of hPDLSCs. hPDLSCs were cultured in culture media supplemented with four types of serums: Group A: fetal bovine serum (FBS); Group B: allogeneic human male AB serum (HS); Group C: in-house autologous (Auto-HS); and Group D: in-house allogeneic human serums (Allo-HS). Exhibitions of mesenchymal stem cell characteristics of hPDLSCs were examined. Then, growth and osteogenic (OS) differentiation potential of hPDLSCs in FBS and HS at passages 5 and 15 were compared to investigate the effects of serum supplements on growth and expansion stability of the expanded hPDLSCs. After that, growth and OS differentiation of hPDLSCs in Auto- and Allo-HS were investigated. Flow cytometrical analyses, functional differentiations, cell growth kinetic, cytogenetic analysis, alkaline phosphatase and calcium content assays, and oil red O and von Kossa staining were performed. Results showed that at passage 5, HS promoted growth and OS differentiation of hPDLSCs and extensive cell expansion, decreased growth and differentiation potential of the expanded hPDLSCs, particularly in HS. Growth and OS differentiation of hPDLSCs in Auto-HS and Allo-HS were not different. In summary, allogeneic human serum could be a replacement to FBS for hPDLSC expansion. In vitro cell expansion of hPDLSCs should be minimal to ensure optimal cell quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premjit Arpornmaeklong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chotika Sutthitrairong
- CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Piyathida Jantaramanant
- CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Prisana Pripatnanont
- CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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28
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Blázquez-Prunera A, Almeida CR, Barbosa MA. Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Preserve Their Immunomodulatory and Chemotactic Properties When Expanded in a Human Plasma Derived Xeno-Free Medium. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2185351. [PMID: 28588620 PMCID: PMC5446864 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2185351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their immunomodulatory and chemotactic properties, hMSC are being explored to treat immune-related diseases. For their use in human therapies, it is necessary to culture hMSC in xeno-free conditions. In this study, the impact that a xeno-free medium based on a human plasma derivate has on these properties was analysed. Bone marrow-derived hMSC preserved their immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory properties, as observed with in vitro assays with hMSC cocultured with mixed leukocyte reactions or with mitogen-stimulated leukocytes. Moreover, hMSC expanded in xeno-free medium were recruited by macrophages in both migration and invasion assays, which indicates that the cells maintained their chemotactic properties. These data suggest that xeno-free expanded hMSC preserved their immunomodulatory and chemotactic properties, indicating that the described xeno-free medium composition is a potential candidate to culture and expand hMSC for human cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Blázquez-Prunera
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C. R. Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. A. Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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29
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Blázquez-Prunera A, Díez JM, Gajardo R, Grancha S. Human mesenchymal stem cells maintain their phenotype, multipotentiality, and genetic stability when cultured using a defined xeno-free human plasma fraction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:103. [PMID: 28449711 PMCID: PMC5408419 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promising characteristics for their use in advanced therapy medicinal products. However, there are some unresolved concerns, such as the use of animal components for their expansion. In this study we assessed the suitability of a xeno-free supplement for cell culture (SCC) derived from human plasma, to culture and expand human MSCs (hMSCs) from different origins. Characteristics of viable cultured hMSCs such as genetic stability, phenotype and multipotentiality were qualitatively evaluated. Methods hMSCs from adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord (UC) and supplier sources (commercial/non-commercial) were used. After hMSCs expansion in a xeno-free medium, classical hMSCs markers were studied by immunocytochemistry, and genetic stability was tested by classic karyotyping. The capacity of hMSCs to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cells in differentiation media was assessed using different staining. Different lots of SCC were used to assure consistency between batches. Results All hMSCs tested maintained their morphology and adherence to plastic during their expansion, and preserved their genetic stability, phenotype and differentiation potential. No differences were observed when using different lots of SCC. Moreover, the proliferation rate, evaluated as population doubling time (PDT) of commercial BM and AT hMSCs, was higher in the xeno-free medium than in the control media provided by the suppliers of the cells (PDT of 4.6 for BM-hMSC and 6.4 for AT-hMSC in xeno-free medium, and 7.0 and 14.7 respectively in the commercial media). UC-hMSCs PDT was similar in all the media tested. When using non-commercial BM-hMSCs, PDT was lower in the xeno-free medium, but reverted to the control level with the addition of growth factors. Conclusions SCC-containing medium can be a feasible xeno-free alternative to expand hMSCs for advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Blázquez-Prunera
- Research and Development, Bioscience Industrial Group, Grifols, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José María Díez
- Research and Development, Bioscience Industrial Group, Grifols, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain. .,Cell Culture and Virology Laboratory, Research & Development Biologics, Industrial Group, Grifols, Carrer Llevant, 11, 08150, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Gajardo
- Research and Development, Bioscience Industrial Group, Grifols, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Grancha
- Research and Development, Bioscience Industrial Group, Grifols, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Utku B, Dönmez G, Erişgen G, Akin Ş, Demirel HA, Korkusuz F, Doral MN. Meloxicam and diclofenac do not change VEGF and PDGF-ABserum levels of platelet-rich plasma. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:570-576. [PMID: 28425247 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1602-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) application has gained widespread interest for musculoskeletal injuries. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are frequently used in sports medicine before and/or after PRP application. Our study seeks to determine whether serum levels of platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels of PRP would be affected by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different final concentrations of diclofenac (0.5 μg mL-1 and 2.5 μg mL-1), meloxicam (0.8 μg mL-1 and 2.0 μg mL-1), and acetylsalicylic acid (final concentration 450 μm) were obtained in separate tubes with PRPs prepared from 20 healthy male volunteers. Medicine-free PRP was the control group. Growth factors were measured using ELISA. RESULTS PDGF-AB and VEGF serum levels did not change with diclofenac, meloxicam, or acetylsalicylic acid addition. PDGF-AB and VEGF serum levels correlated with each other. CONCLUSION Diclofenac, meloxicam, and acetylsalicylic acid did not affect PDGF-AB and VEGF serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkay Utku
- Department of Sports Medicine, Ankara Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gürhan Dönmez
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülriz Erişgen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB ETU University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Akin
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haydar Ali Demirel
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feza Korkusuz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Nedim Doral
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Mozgan EM, Edelmayer M, Janjić K, Pensch M, Fischer MB, Moritz A, Agis H. Release kinetics and mitogenic capacity of collagen barrier membranes supplemented with secretome of activated platelets - the in vitro response of fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament and the gingiva. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:66. [PMID: 28327149 PMCID: PMC5361806 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet preparations can stimulate the healing process and have mitogenic properties. We hypothesized that collagen barrier membranes (CBM), clinically used in guided bone regeneration and guided tissue regeneration, can serve as carriers for platelet secretome. Methods Secretome was generated from washed platelets and unwashed platelets (washed/unwashed PSEC) and lyophilized onto CBM. Overall appearance of CBM was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The impact of PSEC on cell attachment was measured based on fluorescence microscopy with DiI-labeled cells. To assess the release kinetics, supernatants of CBM were collected and medium was replaced at hour 1–48. The mitogenic effect was evaluated with periodontal fibroblasts. Furthermore, the release of total protein, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 was measured. Results CBM overall appearance and cell attachment was not modulated by PSEC. Supernatants taken after one hour induced a mitogenic response in fibroblasts and showed the highest levels of total protein, TGFβ1 and PDGF-BB. These effects decreased rapidly in subsequent supernatants. While supernatants of CBM loaded with unwashed PSEC induced a stronger mitogenic response than supernatants of CBM loaded with washed PSEC this difference between the PSEC preparations was not observed when cells were seeded on 48–hours-washed CBM. Conclusions CBM release platelet-derived factors in continuously declining release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Mozgan
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Edelmayer
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Pensch
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Knoop C, Edelmayer M, Janjić K, Pensch M, Fischer MB, Gruber R, Agis H. Difference in release kinetics of unwashed and washed platelet-released supernatants from bone substitute materials: the impact of platelet preparation modalities. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:772-786. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Knoop
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Edelmayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
- Department of Oral Surgery; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Pensch
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
- Department of Oral Surgery; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. B. Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Center for Biomedical Technology; Danube University Krems; Krems Austria
| | - R. Gruber
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
- Department of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - H. Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
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33
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Pirpir C, Yilmaz O, Candirli C, Balaban E. Evaluation of effectiveness of concentrated growth factor on osseointegration. Int J Implant Dent 2017; 3:7. [PMID: 28258471 PMCID: PMC5336440 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-017-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth factor-containing products have been reported to increase implant stability and accelerate osseointegration. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) can be used for this purpose with the growth factors it contains. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of CGF on implant stability and osseointegration. METHODS Twelve patients with maxillary anterior toothless were included in the study. Implant cavities prepared in the study group were covered with CGF membrane before implant placement, but conventional implant placement was performed in the control group. Resonance frequency measurements were performed with the Osstell device intra-operatively, post-operatively, at the 1st week, and at the 4th week. RESULTS The mean ISQ values were found to be 79.40 ± 2.604 for the study group and 73.50 ± 5.226 for the control group at 1st week, 78.60 ± 3.136 for the study group and 73.45 ± 5.680 for the control group at 4th week. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was observed that the concentrated growth factor had positive effects on implant stabilization. The ISQ measurements at week 1 and week 4 were notably higher in the study group. Application of this material seems to accelerate osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagasan Pirpir
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Onur Yilmaz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Celal Candirli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Emre Balaban
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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34
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Rogulska O, Petrenko Y, Petrenko A. DMSO-free cryopreservation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: expansion medium affects post-thaw survival. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:265-276. [PMID: 28013442 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-the-shelf availability of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) for regenerative medicine application requires the development of nontoxic, safe, and efficient protocols for cryopreservation. Favorably, such cell processing protocols should not contain xenogeneic or toxic components, such as fetal bovine serum (FS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The objective of the study was to assess the sensitivity of ASCs to DMSO-free cryopreservation protocol depending on their expansion conditions: conventional, based on the application of FS or xeno-free, using PL as a medium supplement. ASCs expansion was carried out in α-MEM supplemented either with FS or PL. For DMSO- and xeno-free cryopreservation ASCs were pretreated with different concentrations of sucrose during 24 h of culture. Pretreated ASCs were cryopreserved in α-MEM containing 100-300 mM of sucrose with the cooling rate of 1 degree/min. ASCs were tested for survival (Trypan Blue test), viability (MTT test), recovery (Alamar Blue test), proliferation and ability to multilineage differentiation. The optimal concentrations of sucrose for ASCs pretreatment and as an additive in cryoprotective solution, which provided highest cell survival, comprised 100 and 200 mM, correspondingly. Survival and recovery rates of platelet lysate (PL)-expanded ASCs after DMSO-free cryopreservation comprised 59 and 51%, and were higher than in FS-cultured cells. After DMSO-free cryopreservation PL-processed ASCs had a shorter population doubling time and higher capacity for osteogenic differentiation than FS-processed cultures. The described DMSO- and xeno-free processing may form the basis for the development of safe and efficient protocols for manufacturing and banking of ASCs, providing their off-the-shelf availability for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Rogulska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya 23, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine.
| | - Yuri Petrenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya 23, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine.,Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Petrenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya 23, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine
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35
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Karnieli O, Friedner OM, Allickson JG, Zhang N, Jung S, Fiorentini D, Abraham E, Eaker SS, Yong TK, Chan A, Griffiths S, Wehn AK, Oh S, Karnieli O. A consensus introduction to serum replacements and serum-free media for cellular therapies. Cytotherapy 2016; 19:155-169. [PMID: 28017599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell therapy industry is a fast-growing industry targeted toward a myriad of clinical indications. As the cell therapy industry matures and clinical trials hit their pivotal Phase 3 studies, there will be a significant need for scale-up, process validation, and critical raw material quality assurance. Part of the well discussed challenges of upscaling manufacturing processes there is a less discussed issue relating to the availability of raw materials in the needed quality and quantities. The FDA recently noted that over 80% of the 66 investigational new drug (IND) applications for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) products analyzed described the use of FBS during manufacturing. Accumulated data from the past years show an acceleration in serum consumption by at least 10%-15% annually, which suggests that the global demand for serum may soon exceed the supply. Ongoing concerns of safety issues due to risks of various pathogen contaminations, as well as issues related to the aforementioned serum variability that can affect final product reproducibility, are strong motivators to search for serum substitutes or serum-free media. it is important to note that there are no accepted definitions for most of these terms which leads to misleading's and misunderstandings, where the same term might be defined differently by different vendors, manufacturer, and users. It is the drug developer's responsibility to clarify what the supplied labels mean and to identify the correct questions and audits to ensure quality. The paper reviews the available serum replacements, main components, basic strategies for replacement of serum and suggests definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie G Allickson
- Regenerative Medicine Clinical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Cell Therapy Research & Technology Lonza Walkersville, Walkersville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Eytan Abraham
- Cell Therapy Research & Technology Lonza Walkersville, Walkersville, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannon S Eaker
- GE Healthcare Cell Therapy Division, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Allan Chan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Amy K Wehn
- Irvine Scientific, Santa Ana, California, USA
| | - Steve Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore
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36
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Tsai WC, Yu TY, Lin LP, Lin MS, Wu YC, Liao CH, Pang JHS. Platelet rich plasma releasate promotes proliferation of skeletal muscle cells in association with upregulation of PCNA, cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases. Platelets 2016; 28:491-497. [PMID: 27780401 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1227061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) contains various cytokines and growth factors which may be beneficial to the healing process of injured muscle. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of PRP releasate on proliferation of skeletal muscle cells. Skeletal muscle cells intrinsic to Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PRP releasate. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol- 2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and immunocytochemistry with Ki-67 stain. Flow cytometric analysis was used to evaluate the cell cycle progression. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein expressions of PCNA, cyclin E1, cyclin A2, cyclin B1, cyclin dependent kinase (cdk)1 and cdk2. The results revealed that PRP releasate enhanced proliferation of skeletal muscle cells by shifting cells from G1 phase to S phase and G2/M phases. Ki-67 stain revealed the increase of proliferative capability after PRP releasate treatment. Protein expressions including cyclin A2, cyclin B1, cdk1, cdk2 and PCNA were up-regulated by PRP releasate in a dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that PRP releasate promoted proliferation of skeletal muscle cells in association with the up-regulated protein expressions of PCNA, cyclin A2, cyclin B1, cdk1 and cdk2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Tsai
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan City , Taiwan.,b College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yang Yu
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Lin
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan City , Taiwan.,c Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
| | - Miao-Sui Lin
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Wu
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Liao
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan City , Taiwan.,b College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan City , Taiwan.,c Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
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Brun J, Abruzzese T, Rolauffs B, Aicher WK, Hart ML. Choice of xenogenic-free expansion media significantly influences the myogenic differentiation potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:344-59. [PMID: 26857228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have great potential for use in cell-based therapies for restoration of structure and function of many tissue types including smooth muscle. METHODS We compared proliferation, immunophenotype, differentiation capability and gene expression of bone marrow-derived MSCs expanded in different media containing human serum, plasma and platelet lysate in combination with commonly used protocols for myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, we developed a xenogenic-free protocol for myogenic differentiation of MSCs. RESULTS Expansion of MSCs in media complemented with serum, serum + platelet lysate or plasma + platelet lysate were multipotent because they differentiated toward four mesenchymal (myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic) lineages. Addition of platelet lysate to expansion media increased the proliferation of MSCs and their expression of CD146. Incubation of MSCs in medium containing human serum or plasma plus 5% human platelet lysate in combination with smooth muscle cell (SMC)-inducing growth factors TGFβ1, PDGF and ascorbic acid induced high expression of ACTA2, TAGLN, CNN1 and/or MYH11 contractile SMC markers. Osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiations served as controls. DISCUSSION Our study provides novel data on the myogenic differentiation potential of human MSCs toward the SMC lineage using different xenogenic-free cell culture expansion media in combination with distinct differentiation medium compositions. We show that the choice of expansion medium significantly influences the differentiation potential of human MSCs toward the smooth muscle cell, as well as osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. These results can aid in designing studies using MSCs for tissue-specific therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Brun
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Abruzzese
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm K Aicher
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- Clinical Research Group KFO 273, Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Samuel S, Ahmad RE, Ramasamy TS, Karunanithi P, Naveen SV, Murali MR, Abbas AA, Kamarul T. Platelet-rich concentrate in serum free medium enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2347. [PMID: 27651984 PMCID: PMC5018671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that platelet concentrates used in conjunction with appropriate growth media enhance osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). However, their potential in inducing osteogenesis of hMSCs when cultured in serum free medium has not been explored. Furthermore, the resulting osteogenic molecular signatures of the hMSCs have not been compared to standard osteogenic medium. We studied the effect of infrequent supplementation (8-day interval) of 15% non-activated platelet-rich concentrate (PRC) in serum free medium on hMSCs proliferation and differentiation throughout a course of 24 days, and compared the effect with those cultured in a standard osteogenic medium (OM). Cell proliferation was analyzed by alamar blue assay. Gene expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2, Collagen1, Alkaline Phosphatase, Bone morphogenetic protein 2, Osteopontin, Osteocalcin, Osteonectin) were analyzed using Q-PCR. Immunocytochemical staining for osteocalcin, osteopontin and transcription factor Runx2 were done at 8, 16 and 24 days. Biochemical assays for the expression of ALP and osteocalcin were also performed at these time-points. Osteogenic differentiation was further confirmed qualitatively by Alizarin Red S staining that was quantified using cetylpyridinium chloride. Results showed that PRC supplemented in serum free medium enhanced hMSC proliferation, which peaked at day 16. The temporal pattern of gene expression of hMSCs under the influence of PRC was comparable to that of the osteogenic media, but at a greater extent at specific time points. Immunocytochemical staining revealed stronger staining for Runx2 in the PRC-treated group compared to OM, while the staining for Osteocalcin and Osteopontin were comparable in both groups. ALP activity and Osteocalcin/DNA level were higher in the PRC group. Cells in the PRC group had similar level of bone mineralization as those cultured in OM, as reflected by the intensity of Alizarin red stain. Collectively, these results demonstrate a great potential of PRC alone in inducing proliferation of hMSCs without any influence from other lineage-specific growth media. PRC alone has similar capacity to enhance hMSC osteogenic differentiation as a standard OM, without changing the temporal profile of the differentiation process. Thus, PRC could be used as a substitute medium to provide sufficient pool of pre-differentiated hMSCs for potential clinical application in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Samuel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raja Elina Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thamil Selvee Ramasamy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puvanan Karunanithi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Malliga Raman Murali
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina A Abbas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1127-68. [PMID: 27335447 PMCID: PMC6345247 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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40
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Effect of an Activated Platelet Concentrate on Differentiated Cells Involved in Tissue Healing. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:656-61. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Autologous human plasma in stem cell culture and cryopreservation in the creation of a tissue-engineered vascular graft. J Vasc Surg 2016; 63:805-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells: adipocytes or osteoblasts? Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1128-39. [PMID: 26868907 PMCID: PMC4946886 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 744] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a non-hematopoietic stem cell population first discovered in bone marrow, are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into mature cells of several mesenchymal tissues, such as fat and bone. As common progenitor cells of adipocytes and osteoblasts, MSCs are delicately balanced for their differentiation commitment. Numerous in vitro investigations have demonstrated that fat-induction factors inhibit osteogenesis, and, conversely, bone-induction factors hinder adipogenesis. In fact, a variety of external cues contribute to the delicate balance of adipo-osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, including chemical, physical, and biological factors. These factors trigger different signaling pathways and activate various transcription factors that guide MSCs to commit to either lineage. The dysregulation of the adipo-osteogenic balance has been linked to several pathophysiologic processes, such as aging, obesity, osteopenia, osteopetrosis, and osteoporosis. Thus, the regulation of MSC differentiation has increasingly attracted great attention in recent years. Here, we review external factors and their signaling processes dictating the reciprocal regulation between adipocytes and osteoblasts during MSC differentiation and the ultimate control of the adipo-osteogenic balance.
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Roh YH, Kim W, Park KU, Oh JH. Cytokine-release kinetics of platelet-rich plasma according to various activation protocols. Bone Joint Res 2016; 5:37-45. [PMID: 26862077 PMCID: PMC4852788 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.52.2000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate the cytokine-release kinetics of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) according to different activation protocols. Methods Two manual preparation procedures (single-spin (SS) at 900 g for five minutes; double-spin (DS) at 900 g for five minutes and then 1500 g for 15 minutes) were performed for each of 14 healthy subjects. Both preparations were tested for platelet activation by one of three activation protocols: no activation, activation with calcium (Ca) only, or calcium with a low dose (50 IU per 1 ml PRP) of thrombin. Each preparation was divided into four aliquots and incubated for one hour, 24 hours, 72 hours, and seven days. The cytokine-release kinetics were evaluated by assessing PDGF, TGF, VEGF, FGF, IL-1, and MMP-9 concentrations with bead-based sandwich immunoassay. Results The concentration of cytokine released from PRP varied over time and was influenced by various activation protocols. Ca-only activation had a significant effect on the DS PRPs (where the VEGF, FGF, and IL-1 concentrations were sustained) while Ca/thrombin activation had effects on both SS and DS PRPs (where the PDGF and VEGF concentrations were sustained and the TGF and FGF concentrations were short). The IL-1 content showed a significant increase with Ca-only or Ca/thrombin activation while these activations did not increase the MMP-9 concentration. Conclusion The SS and DS methods differed in their effect on cytokine release, and this effect varied among the cytokines analysed. In addition, low dose of thrombin/calcium activation increased the overall cytokine release of the PRP preparations over seven days, relative to that with a calcium-only supplement or non-activation. Cite this article: Professor J. H. Oh. Cytokine-release kinetics of platelet-rich plasma according to various activation protocols. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:37–45. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.52.2000540
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Roh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - W Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - K U Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - J H Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Shokrgozar MA, Ou KL, Mao C, Hosseinkhani H. Importance of dual delivery systems for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2016; 225:152-69. [PMID: 26805518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation is a complex process that requires concerted function of multiple growth factors. For this, it is essential to design a delivery system with the ability to load multiple growth factors in order to mimic the natural microenvironment for bone tissue formation. However, the short half-lives of growth factors, their relatively large size, slow tissue penetration, and high toxicity suggest that conventional routes of administration are unlikely to be effective. Therefore, it seems that using multiple bioactive factors in different delivery systems can develop new strategies for improving bone tissue regeneration. Combination of these factors along with biomaterials that permit tunable release profiles would help to achieve truly spatiotemporal regulation during delivery. This review summarizes the various dual-control release systems that are used for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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Mizuno M, Katano H, Otabe K, Komori K, Matsumoto Y, Fujii S, Ozeki N, Tsuji K, Koga H, Muneta T, Matsuyama A, Sekiya I. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA/AB in human serum are potential indicators of the proliferative capacity of human synovial mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:243. [PMID: 26652649 PMCID: PMC4675012 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), autologous human serum is safer than fetal bovine serum in clinical situations. One of the problems with the use of autologous human serum is that its proliferative effect on MSCs varies widely between donors. The threefold goals of this study were: (1) to demonstrate an improved method for preparing human serum; (2) to identify growth factors predictive of proliferative potential; and (3) to identify a cytokine to promote MSC proliferation in human serum. METHODS Fresh blood was collected using a closed bag system containing glass beads. The bag was shaken at 20 °C for 30 minutes for rapid preparation, or kept stationary at 4 °C for 24 hours for slow preparation. Passage 0 synovial MSCs derived from four donors were cultured with 10 % conventional rapid preparation serum or modified slow preparation serum from four different donors. To perform the colony-forming unit assay, synovial MSCs were cultured in these serums. The protein expression profile in serum was analyzed using cytokine array. The candidate proteins were speculated from the correlation between the colony-forming ability and protein expression. As an evaluation of the candidate proteins, proliferation ability, surface marker phenotype and differentiation capability of synovial MSCs were examined. RESULTS Compared with rapid preparation serum, slow preparation serum resulted in a significantly higher total colony number and twofold higher expression levels of nine proteins (angiopoietin-1, BDNF, EGF, ENA-78, IGFBP-2, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, RANTES and TfR). Colony number was positively correlated with PDGF-AA/AB concentrations. Exogenous PDGF-AA significantly promoted proliferation of synovial MSCs, whereas PDGF receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor decreased it. Addition of PDGFs or PDGFR inhibitor did not affect surface epitopes of synovial MSCs. Pretreatment with PDGFs or PDGFR inhibitor did not affect chondrogenic, adipogenic, or calcification potentials of synovial MSCs. CONCLUSION Slow preparation serum contained higher concentrations of PDGF-AA/AB and increased the colony formation number of synovial MSCs. PDGF-AA/AB were indicators of the proliferative potential of human serum. Exogenous PDGF-AA increased proliferation of synovial MSCs without alteration of surface epitopes and differentiation potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Otabe
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Komori
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukie Matsumoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shizuka Fujii
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Bioresources for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Panchalingam KM, Jung S, Rosenberg L, Behie LA. Bioprocessing strategies for the large-scale production of human mesenchymal stem cells: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:225. [PMID: 26597928 PMCID: PMC4657237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), also called mesenchymal stromal cells, have been of great interest in regenerative medicine applications because of not only their differentiation potential but also their ability to secrete bioactive factors that can modulate the immune system and promote tissue repair. This potential has initiated many early-phase clinical studies for the treatment of various diseases, disorders, and injuries by using either hMSCs themselves or their secreted products. Currently, hMSCs for clinical use are generated through conventional static adherent cultures in the presence of fetal bovine serum or human-sourced supplements. However, these methods suffer from variable culture conditions (i.e., ill-defined medium components and heterogeneous culture environment) and thus are not ideal procedures to meet the expected future demand of quality-assured hMSCs for human therapeutic use. Optimizing a bioprocess to generate hMSCs or their secreted products (or both) promises to improve the efficacy as well as safety of this stem cell therapy. In this review, current media and methods for hMSC culture are outlined and bioprocess development strategies discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lawrence Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 845 Rue Sherbrooke Quest, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Optimization of human mesenchymal stem cell manufacturing: the effects of animal/xeno-free media. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16570. [PMID: 26564250 PMCID: PMC4643287 DOI: 10.1038/srep16570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been evaluated for the treatment of immunological diseases. However, the animal-derived growth supplements utilized for MSC manufacturing may lead to clinical complications. Characterization of alternative media formulations is imperative for MSC therapeutic application. Human BMMSC and AdMSC were expanded in media supplemented with either human platelet lysates (HPL), serum-free media/xeno-free FDA-approved culture medium (SFM/XF), or fetal bovine serum (FBS) and the effects on their properties were investigated. The immunophenotype of resting and IFN-γ primed BMMSC and AdMSC remained unaltered in all media. Both HPL and SFM/XF increased the proliferation of BMMSC and AdMSC. Expansion of BMMSC and AdMSC in HPL increased their differentiation, compared to SFM/XF and FBS. Resting BMMSC and AdMSC, expanded in FBS or SFM/XF, demonstrated potent immunosuppressive properties in both non-primed and IFN-γ primed conditions, whereas HPL-expanded MSC exhibited diminished immunosuppressive properties. Finally, IFN-γ primed BMMSC and AdMSC expanded in SFM/XF and HPL expressed attenuated levels of IDO-1 compared to FBS. Herein, we provide strong evidence supporting the use of the FDA-approved SFM/XF medium, in contrast to the HPL medium, for the expansion of MSC towards therapeutic applications.
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Antoninus AA, Widowati W, Wijaya L, Agustina D, Puradisastra S, Sumitro SB, Widodo M, Bachtiar I. Human platelet lysate enhances the proliferation of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bgm.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hung BP, Hutton DL, Kozielski KL, Bishop CJ, Naved B, Green JJ, Caplan AI, Gimble JM, Dorafshar AH, Grayson WL. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB Enhances Osteogenesis of Adipose-Derived But Not Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2773-84. [PMID: 26013357 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds great promise for regenerating critically sized bone defects. While the bone marrow-derived MSC is the most widely studied stromal/stem cell type for this application, its rarity within bone marrow and painful isolation procedure have motivated investigation of alternative cell sources. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are more abundant and more easily procured; furthermore, they also possess robust osteogenic potency. While these two cell types are widely considered very similar, there is a growing appreciation of possible innate differences in their biology and response to growth factors. In particular, reports indicate that their osteogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) is markedly different: MSCs responded negatively or not at all to PDGF-BB while ASCs exhibited enhanced mineralization in response to physiological concentrations of PDGF-BB. In this study, we directly tested whether a fundamental difference existed between the osteogenic responses of MSCs and ASCs to PDGF-BB. MSCs and ASCs cultured under identical osteogenic conditions responded disparately to 20 ng/ml of PDGF-BB: MSCs exhibited no difference in mineralization while ASCs produced more calcium per cell. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PDGFRβ within ASCs abolished their ability to respond to PDGF-BB. Gene expression was also different; MSCs generally downregulated and ASCs generally upregulated osteogenic genes in response to PDGF-BB. ASCs transduced to produce PDGF-BB resulted in more regenerated bone within a critically sized murine calvarial defect compared to control ASCs, indicating PDGF-BB used specifically in conjunction with ASCs might enhance tissue engineering approaches for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daphne L Hutton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Corey J Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bilal Naved
- Fischell Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amir H Dorafshar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Jung GU, Lee SK, Ji S, Pang EK. The effects of platelet-rich plasma on the proliferation and release of growth factors from periodontal ligament cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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