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Pongérard A, Mallo L, Do Sacramento V, Boiron O, Eckly A, Gachet C, Lanza F, Knapp Y, Strassel C. Development of an efficient, ready to use, blood platelet-release device based on two new flow regime parameters: The periodic hydrodynamic loading and the shear stress accumulation. N Biotechnol 2023; 77:68-79. [PMID: 37442418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro production of blood platelets for transfusion purposes is gaining interest. While platelet production is now possible on a laboratory scale, the challenge is to move towards industrial production. Attaining this goal calls for the development of platelet release devices capable of producing large quantities of platelets. To this end, we have developed a continuous-flow platelet release device composed of five spherical chambers each containing two calibrated cones placed in a staggered configuration. Following perfusion of proplatelet-bearing cultured megakaryocytes, the device achieves a high yield of about 100 bona-fide platelets/megakaryocyte, at a flow rate of ∼80 mL/min. Performances and operating conditions comply with the requirements of large-scale platelet production. Moreover, this device enabled an in-depth analysis of the flow regimes through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This revealed two new universal parameters to be taken into account for an optimal platelet release: i.e. a periodic hydrodynamic load and a sufficient accumulation of shear stress. An efficient 16 Pa.s shear stress accumulation is obtained in our system at a flow rate of 80 mL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pongérard
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Léa Mallo
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Do Sacramento
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Boiron
- CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Ecole Centrale Marseille, IRPHE UMR7342, F-13000 Marseille, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Lanza
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Knapp
- Université Avignon, LAPEC UPR-4278, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Catherine Strassel
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France.
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Ishida O, Hagisawa K, Yamanaka N, Nakashima H, Kearney BM, Tsutsumi K, Takeoka S, Kinoshita M. In vitro study on the effect of fibrinogen γ-chain peptide-coated ADP-encapsulated liposomes on postcardiopulmonary bypass coagulopathy using patient blood. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1934-1942. [PMID: 36990156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen γ-chain peptide-coated, adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-encapsulated liposomes (H12-ADP-liposomes) are potent hemostatic adjuvants that promote platelet thrombi formation at bleeding sites. Although we have reported the efficacy of these liposomes in a rabbit model of cardiopulmonary bypass coagulopathy, we are yet to address the possibility of their hypercoagulative potential, especially in human beings. OBJECTIVES Considering its future clinical applications, we herein investigated the safety of using H12-ADP-liposomes in vitro using blood samples from patients who had received platelet transfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries. METHODS Ten patients receiving platelet transfusions after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at the following 3 points: at the time of incision, at the end of the cardiopulmonary bypass, and immediately after platelet transfusion. After incubating the samples with H12-ADP-liposomes or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, as a control), blood coagulation, platelet activation, and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation were evaluated. RESULTS Patients' blood incubated with H12-ADP-liposomes did not differ from that incubated with PBS in coagulation ability, degree of platelet activation, and platelet-leukocyte aggregation at any of the time points. CONCLUSION H12-ADP-liposomes did not cause abnormal coagulation, platelet activation, or platelet-leukocyte aggregation in the blood of patients who received platelet transfusion after a cardiopulmonary bypass. These results suggest that H12-ADP-liposomes could likely be safely used in these patients, providing hemostasis at the bleeding sites without causing considerable adverse reactions. Future studies are needed to ensure robust safety in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Hagisawa
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yamanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Bradley M Kearney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Koji Tsutsumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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3
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Zhang Z, Bossila EA, Li L, Hu S, Zhao Y. Central gene transcriptional regulatory networks shaping monocyte development in bone marrow. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011279. [PMID: 36304450 PMCID: PMC9595600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of monocytes in bone marrow is a complex process with multiple steps. We used RNA-seq data to analyze the transcriptome profiles in developing stages of monocytes, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs), and monocytes. We found that genes related to potassium and other cation transmembrane activities and ion binding were upregulated during the differentiation of HSCs into CMPs. Protein transport and membrane surface functional molecules were significantly upregulated in the GMP stage. The CD42RAC and proteasome pathways are significantly upregulated during the development of HSCs into monocytes. Transcription factors Ank1, Runx2, Hmga2, Klf1, Nfia, and Bmyc were upregulated during the differentiation of HSCs into CMPs; Gfi1 and Hmgn2 were highly expressed during the differentiation of CMPs into GMPs; Seventeen transcription factors including Foxo1, Cdkn2d, Foxo3, Ep300, Pias1, Nfkb1, Creb1, Bcl6, Ppp3cb, Stat5b, Nfatc4, Mef2a, Stat6, Ifnar2, Irf7, Irf5, and Cebpb were identified as potentially involved in the development of GMPs into monocytes in mice and humans. In metabolism pathway regulation, HSCs have high glucose, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism activities; CMPs mainly up regulate the TCA cycle related genes; and GMPs have extremely active metabolisms, with significantly elevated pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, histidine metabolism, and purine metabolism. In the monocyte phase, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is reduced, and the anaerobic glycolysis process becomes dominated. Overall, our studies offer the kinetics and maps of gene transcriptional expressions and cell metabolisms during monocyte development in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elhusseny A. Bossila
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China
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4
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Desai C, Koupenova M, Machlus KR, Sen Gupta A. Beyond the thrombus: Platelet-inspired nanomedicine approaches in inflammation, immune response, and cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1523-1534. [PMID: 35441793 PMCID: PMC9321119 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The traditional role of platelets is in the formation of blood clots for physiologic (e.g., in hemostasis) or pathologic (e.g., in thrombosis) functions. The cellular and subcellular mechanisms and signaling in platelets involved in these functions have been extensively elucidated and new knowledge continues to emerge, resulting in various therapeutic developments in this area for the management of hemorrhagic or thrombotic events. Nanomedicine, a field involving design of nanoparticles with unique biointeractive surface modifications and payload encapsulation for disease-targeted drug delivery, has become an important component of such therapeutic development. Beyond their traditional role in blood clotting, platelets have been implicated to play crucial mechanistic roles in other diseases including inflammation, immune response, and cancer, via direct cellular interactions, as well as secretion of soluble factors that aid in the disease microenvironment. To date, the development of nanomedicine systems that leverage these broader roles of platelets has been limited. Additionally, another exciting area of research that has emerged in recent years is that of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) that can directly and indirectly influence physiological and pathological processes. This makes PEVs a unique paradigm for platelet-inspired therapeutic design. This review aims to provide mechanistic insight into the involvement of platelets and PEVs beyond hemostasis and thrombosis, and to discuss the current state of the art in the development of platelet-inspired therapeutic technologies in these areas, with an emphasis on future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Desai
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Milka Koupenova
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Department of SurgeryVascular Biology ProgramBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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5
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Arnason NA, Johannsson F, Landrö R, Hardarsson B, Gudmundsson S, Lian AM, Reseland J, Rolfsson O, Sigurjonsson OE. Protein Concentrations in Stored Pooled Platelet Concentrates Treated with Pathogen Inactivation by Amotosalen Plus Ultraviolet a Illumination. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030350. [PMID: 35335674 PMCID: PMC8954553 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet granules contain a diverse group of proteins. Upon activation and during storage, platelets release a number of proteins into the circulation or supernatant of stored platelet concentrate (PC). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of pathogen inactivation (PI) on a selection of proteins released in stored platelets. Materials and Methods: PCs in platelet additive solution (PAS) were produced from whole blood donations using the buffy coat (BC) method. PCs in the treatment arm were pathogen inactivated with amotosalen and UVA, while PCs in the second arm were used as an untreated platelet control. Concentrations of 36 proteins were monitored in the PCs during storage. Results: The majority of proteins increased in concentration over the storage period. In addition, 10 of the 29 proteins that showed change had significantly different concentrations between the PI treatment and the control at one or more timepoints. A subset of six proteins displayed a PI-related drop in concentration. Conclusions: PI has limited effect on protein concentration stored PC supernatant. The protein’s changes related to PI treatment with elevated concentration implicate accelerated Platelet storage lesion (PSL); in contrast, there are potential novel benefits to PI related decrease in protein concentration that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Arni Arnason
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
- School of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Freyr Johannsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (F.J.); (O.R.)
| | - Ragna Landrö
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Björn Hardarsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Sveinn Gudmundsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (A.-M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Janne Reseland
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (A.-M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (F.J.); (O.R.)
| | - Olafur E. Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
- School of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +354-543-5523 or +354-694-9427; Fax: +354-543-5532
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6
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Luc NF, Rohner N, Girish A, Sekhon UDS, Neal MD, Gupta AS. Bioinspired artificial platelets: past, present and future. Platelets 2022; 33:35-47. [PMID: 34455908 PMCID: PMC8795470 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1967916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate blood cells produced from megakaryocytes predominantly in the bone marrow and released into blood circulation at a healthy count of 150,000-400,00 per μL and circulation lifespan of 7-9 days. Platelets are the first responders at the site of vascular injury and bleeding, and participate in clot formation via injury site-specific primary mechanisms of adhesion, activation and aggregation to form a platelet plug, as well as secondary mechanisms of augmenting coagulation via thrombin amplification and fibrin generation. Platelets also secrete various granule contents that enhance these mechanisms for clot growth and stability. The resultant clot seals the injury site to stanch bleeding, a process termed as hemostasis. Due to this critical role, a reduction in platelet count or dysregulation in platelet function is associated with bleeding risks and hemorrhagic complications. These scenarios are often treated by prophylactic or emergency transfusion of platelets. However, platelet transfusions face significant challenges due to limited donor availability, difficult portability and storage, high bacterial contamination risks, and very short shelf life (~5-7 days). These are currently being addressed by a robust volume of research involving reduced temperature storage and pathogen reduction processes on donor platelets to improve shelf-life and reduce contamination, as well as bioreactor-based approaches to generate donor-independent platelets from stem cells in vitro. In parallel, a complementary research field has emerged that involves the design of artificial platelets utilizing biosynthetic particle constructs that functionally emulate various hemostatic mechanisms of platelets. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the history and the current state-of-the-art artificial platelet approaches, along with discussing the translational opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman F. Luc
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nathan Rohner
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aditya Girish
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Matthew D. Neal
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15123, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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7
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Krisch L, Brachtl G, Hochmann S, Andrade AC, Oeller M, Ebner-Peking P, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Improving Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8224. [PMID: 34360992 PMCID: PMC8348107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several protocols exist for generating megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with limited efficiency. We observed previously that mesoderm induction improved endothelial and stromal differentiation. We, therefore, hypothesized that a protocol modification prior to hemogenic endothelial cell (HEC) differentiation will improve MK progenitor (MKP) production and increase platelet output. We further asked if basic media composition affects MK maturation. In an iterative process, we first compared two HEC induction protocols. We found significantly more HECs using the modified protocol including activin A and CHIR99021, resulting in significantly increased MKs. MKs released comparable platelet amounts irrespective of media conditions. In a final validation phase, we obtained five-fold more platelets per hiPSC with the modified protocol (235 ± 84) compared to standard conditions (51 ± 15; p < 0.0001). The regenerative potency of hiPSC-derived platelets was compared to adult donor-derived platelets by profiling angiogenesis-related protein expression. Nineteen of 24 angiogenesis-related proteins were expressed equally, lower or higher in hiPSC-derived compared to adult platelets. The hiPSC-platelet's coagulation hyporeactivity compared to adult platelets was confirmed by thromboelastometry. Further stepwise improvement of hiPSC-platelet production will, thus, permit better identification of platelet-mediated regenerative mechanisms and facilitate manufacture of sufficient amounts of functional platelets for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Krisch
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Gabriele Brachtl
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
| | - Sarah Hochmann
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
| | - André Cronemberger Andrade
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
| | - Michaela Oeller
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Patricia Ebner-Peking
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
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8
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Transfer to the clinic: refining forward programming of hPSCs to megakaryocytes for platelet production in bioreactors. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1977-1990. [PMID: 33843988 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of in vitro-derived platelets has great potential for transfusion medicine. Here, we build on our experience in the forward programming (FoP) of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to megakaryocytes (MKs) and address several aspects of the complex challenges to bring this technology to the bedside. We first identify clinical-grade hPSC lines that generate MKs efficiently. We design a bespoke media to maximize both production and maturity of MKs and improve platelet output. Crucially, we transition the lentiviral-based FoP of hPSCs to a nonviral inducible system. We also show how small molecules promote a definitive hematopoiesis phenotype during the differentiation process, thereby increasing the quality of the final product. Finally, we generate platelets using a bioreactor designed to reproduce the physical cues that promote platelet production in the bone marrow. We show that these platelets are able to contribute to both thrombus formation in vitro and have a hemostatic effect in thrombocytopenic mice in vivo.
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9
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Cullmann K, Jahn M, Spindler M, Schenk F, Manukjan G, Mucci A, Steinemann D, Boller K, Schulze H, Bender M, Moritz T, Modlich U. Forming megakaryocytes from murine-induced pluripotent stem cells by the inducible overexpression of supporting factors. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 5:111-124. [PMID: 33537535 PMCID: PMC7845061 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are small anucleate cells that circulate in the blood in a resting state but can be activated by external cues. In case of need, platelets from blood donors can be transfused. As an alternative source, platelets can be produced from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, recovered numbers are low. Objectives To optimize megakaryocyte (MK) and platelet output from murine iPSCs, we investigated overexpression of the transcription factors GATA‐binding factor 1 (GATA1); nuclear factor, erythroid 2; and pre–B‐cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx1) and a hyperactive variant of the small guanosine triphosphatase RhoA (RhoAhc). Methods To avoid off‐target effects, we generated iPSCs carrying the reverse tetracycline‐responsive transactivator M2 (rtTA‐M2) in the Rosa26 locus and expressed the factors from Tet‐inducible gammaretroviral vectors. Differentiation of iPSCs was initiated by embryoid body (EB) formation. After EB dissociation, early hematopoietic progenitors were enriched and cocultivated on OP9 feeder cells with thrombopoietin and stem cell factor to induce megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation. Results Overexpression of GATA1 and Pbx1 increased MK output 2‐ to 2.5‐fold and allowed prolonged collection of MK. Cytologic and ultrastructural analyses identified typical MK with enlarged cells, multilobulated nuclei, granule structures, and an internal membrane system. However, GATA1 and Pbx1 expression did not improve MK maturation or platelet release, although in vitro–generated platelets were functional in spreading on fibrinogen or collagen‐related peptide. Conclusion We demonstrate that the use of rtTA‐M2 transgenic iPSCs transduced with Tet‐inducible retroviral vectors allowed for gene expression at later time points during differentiation. With this strategy we could identify factors that increased in vitro MK production. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Cullmann
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Magdalena Jahn
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Markus Spindler
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Franziska Schenk
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Georgi Manukjan
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Adele Mucci
- RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Present address: San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy Milano Italy
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Department of Human Genetics Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Klaus Boller
- Morphology, Division of Immunology Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
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10
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Neu CT, Gutschner T, Haemmerle M. Post-Transcriptional Expression Control in Platelet Biogenesis and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207614. [PMID: 33076269 PMCID: PMC7589263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are highly abundant cell fragments of the peripheral blood that originate from megakaryocytes. Beside their well-known role in wound healing and hemostasis, they are emerging mediators of the immune response and implicated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including cancer. Despite their anucleate nature, they harbor a diverse set of RNAs, which are subject to an active sorting mechanism from megakaryocytes into proplatelets and affect platelet biogenesis and function. However, sorting mechanisms are poorly understood, but RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been suggested to play a crucial role. Moreover, RBPs may regulate RNA translation and decay following platelet activation. In concert with other regulators, including microRNAs, long non-coding and circular RNAs, RBPs control multiple steps of the platelet life cycle. In this review, we will highlight the different RNA species within platelets and their impact on megakaryopoiesis, platelet biogenesis and platelet function. Additionally, we will focus on the currently known concepts of post-transcriptional control mechanisms important for RNA fate within platelets with a special emphasis on RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin T. Neu
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-3964
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