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Feng Q, Chen Z, Huang G, An C, Yang X, Wang Z. Prolonged drying impedes the detachment of microplastics in unsaturated substrate: Role of flow regimes. Water Res 2024; 252:121246. [PMID: 38340454 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The detachment of microplastics (MPs) from porous media under different moisture conditions and flow regimes has garnered limited attention within the research community. The present study investigates the detachment of MPs from porous media under wet and dry conditions combined with steady and transient flow. For both the wet and dry conditions, the increase in flow rates is found to decrease the detachment of hydrophobic polyethylene of two sizes and of hydrophilic polymethylmethacrylate. Intermittent flow is found to result in effluent peaks and a higher rate of MP detachment compared to steady flow. The ionic strength of inflow drops in a stepwise manner, leading to abrupt peaks followed by a tail corresponding to the arrival of each ionic strength front. Each step increase in flow rate leads to a steep peak followed by slow release over several pore volumes. Although transient flow facilitates the detachment of MPs, drying significantly impedes the detachment of MPs irrespective of flow regime. Ultraviolet weathering of MPs for 60 days weakens the inhibition effect of drying on hydrophilic polymethylmethacrylate, facilitating their detachment. Furthermore, the release of MPs decreases markedly with an increase in air-drying duration from 0 h to 72 h. Hydrus-1D two-site kinetic models are used to successfully simulate time-dependent processes, implying that drying heightens the energy barrier for MPs to detach. Our analysis confirms the significance of moisture in determining the remobilization of MPs, providing valuable insights concerning the fate of MPs in unsaturated substrate under prolonged drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Guohe Huang
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
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2
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Pongérard A, Mallo L, Do Sacramento V, Boiron O, Eckly A, Gachet C, Lanza F, Knapp Y, Strassel C. Development of an efficient, ready to use, blood platelet-release device based on two new flow regime parameters: The periodic hydrodynamic loading and the shear stress accumulation. N Biotechnol 2023; 77:68-79. [PMID: 37442418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro production of blood platelets for transfusion purposes is gaining interest. While platelet production is now possible on a laboratory scale, the challenge is to move towards industrial production. Attaining this goal calls for the development of platelet release devices capable of producing large quantities of platelets. To this end, we have developed a continuous-flow platelet release device composed of five spherical chambers each containing two calibrated cones placed in a staggered configuration. Following perfusion of proplatelet-bearing cultured megakaryocytes, the device achieves a high yield of about 100 bona-fide platelets/megakaryocyte, at a flow rate of ∼80 mL/min. Performances and operating conditions comply with the requirements of large-scale platelet production. Moreover, this device enabled an in-depth analysis of the flow regimes through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This revealed two new universal parameters to be taken into account for an optimal platelet release: i.e. a periodic hydrodynamic load and a sufficient accumulation of shear stress. An efficient 16 Pa.s shear stress accumulation is obtained in our system at a flow rate of 80 mL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pongérard
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Léa Mallo
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Do Sacramento
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Boiron
- CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Ecole Centrale Marseille, IRPHE UMR7342, F-13000 Marseille, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Lanza
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Knapp
- Université Avignon, LAPEC UPR-4278, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Catherine Strassel
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Khu ST, Changchun X, Wang T. Effects of flow velocity on biofilm composition and microbial molecular ecological network in reclaimed water distribution systems. Chemosphere 2023; 341:140010. [PMID: 37652246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The existence of biofilm on the reclaimed water pipeline seriously affects the safety of water distribution. And the flow regimes in the pipeline play a crucial role in the growth of biofilms. In this study, the biofilm composition, surface topography and bacterial community were detected under eight levels of flow velocity in the range of 0.10-1.40 m s-1. The results showed that the dry weight, the concentration of extracellular protein and extracellular polysaccharide in the biofilm reached a dynamic stable period after 640 h. The biofilm composition and surface topography of biofilm were significantly different under the different flow regimes (laminar flow belongs to [0.10, 0.19] m s-1, and turbulent flow belongs to [0.29, 1.40] m s-1). As the flow velocity range increases, the concentration of each component in the biofilm and the parameters of biofilm surface topography increased and then decreased. The flow velocity could be a strong environmental stimulus resulting in the succession of bacterial community in biofilm. As the flow velocity increased from 0.10 m s-1 to 1.40 m s-1, at the phylum level, the average relative abundance of Firmicutes mainly showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the highest abundance value of 71.57% at 0.49 m s-1. The flow velocity increased from 0.10 m s-1 to 0.49 m s-1, a significant increase in microbial diversity could be detected. The increase in flow velocity promoted the proliferation of microorganisms, and the interaction between different microbial components was enhanced. At 0.49 m s-1, the function of the biofilm is complex, and the ability to resist environmental stress is the strongest. This study can effectively improve the cognition depth of biofilms under the influence of flow velocity in the reclaimed water distribution systems, and provide an important theoretical support for the safe distribution of reclaimed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Thiam Khu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Engineering Research Center of City intelligence and Digital Governance, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Changchun
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Tianzhi Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Liu P, Solomatine D, Li L, Wu C, Han D, Zhang X, Yang Z, Yang S. Integrating the flow regime and water quality effects into a niche-based metacommunity dynamics model for river ecosystems. J Environ Manage 2023; 336:117562. [PMID: 36913858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic community dynamics are closely dominated by flow regime and water quality conditions, which are increasingly threatened by dam regulation, water diversion, and nutrition pollution. However, further understanding of the ecological impacts of flow regime and water quality conditions on aquatic multi-population dynamics has rarely been integrated into existing ecological models. To address this issue, a new niche-based metacommunity dynamics model (MDM) is proposed. The MDM aims to simulate the coevolution processes of multiple populations under changing abiotic environments, pioneeringly applied to the mid-lower Han River, China. The quantile regression method was used for the first time to derive ecological niches and competition coefficients of the MDM, which are demonstrated to be reasonable by comparing them with the empirical evidence. Simulation results show that the Nash efficiency coefficients for fish, zooplankton, zoobenthos, and macrophytes are more than 0.64, while the Pearson correlation coefficients for them are no less than 0.71. Overall, the MDM performs effectively in simulating metacommunity dynamics. For all river stations, the average contributions of biological interaction, flow regime effects, and water quality effects to multi-population dynamics are 64%, 21%, and 15%, respectively, suggesting that the population dynamics are dominated by biological interaction. For upstream stations, the fish population is 8%-22% more responsive to flow regime alteration than other populations, while other populations are 9%-26% more responsive to changes in water quality conditions than fish. For downstream stations, flow regime effects on each population account for less than 1% due to more stable hydrological conditions. The innovative contribution of this study lies in proposing a multi-population model to quantify the effects of flow regime and water quality on aquatic community dynamics by incorporating multiple indicators of water quantity, water quality, and biomass. This work has potential for the ecological restoration of rivers at the ecosystem level. This study also highlights the importance of considering threshold and tipping point issues when analyzing the "water quantity-water quality-aquatic ecology" nexus in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Dimitri Solomatine
- Department of Hydroinformatics and Socio-Technical Innovation, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Delft, 2611, the Netherlands; Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2600, the Netherlands.
| | - Liping Li
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Dongyang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhikai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
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5
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Leone M, Gentile F, Lo Porto A, Ricci GF, De Girolamo AM. Ecological flow in southern Europe: Status and trends in non-perennial rivers. J Environ Manage 2023; 342:118097. [PMID: 37196614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The concept of environmental flows (E-Flows) describes the streamflow that is necessary to maintain river ecosystems. Although a large number of methods have been developed, a delay was recorded in implementing E-Flows in non-perennial rivers. The general aim of the paper was to analyse the criticalities and the current state of implementation of the E-Flows in non-perennial rivers of southern Europe. The specific objectives were to analyse (i) the European Union (EU) and national legislation on E-Flows, and (ii) the methodologies currently adopted for setting E-Flows in non-perennial rivers in the EU Member States (MSs) of the Mediterranean Region (Spain, Greece, Italy, Portugal, France, Cyprus, and Malta). From the analysis of national legislations, it is possible to acknowledge a step forward toward regulatory unification at the European level, on the subject of E-Flows and more generally toward the protection of aquatic ecosystems. The definition of E-Flows, for most countries, has abandoned the idea of a regime of constant and minimal flow, but it recognizes the importance of the biological, and chemical-physical aspects connected to it. From the analysis of the E-Flows implementation through the review of the case studies, one can surmise that in non-perennial rivers the E-Flows science is still an emerging discipline. The limited availability of hydrological, hydraulic, and biological data as well as the restricted economic resources allocated for managing non-perennial rivers are the main causes of the delay in the E-Flows implementation in MSs. The results of the present study may contribute in setting an E-Flow regime in non-perennial rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Leone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Water Research Institute, National Research Council, 5 Viale F. De Blasio, 70132, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lo Porto
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, 5 Viale F. De Blasio, 70132, Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Anna Maria De Girolamo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, 5 Viale F. De Blasio, 70132, Bari, Italy.
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6
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Zhang X, Jiang L, Liu Z, Kittel CMM, Yao Z, Druce D, Wang R, Tøttrup C, Liu J, Jiang H, Bauer-Gottwein P. Flow regime changes in the Lancang River, revealed by integrated modeling with multiple Earth observation datasets. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160656. [PMID: 36493828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The flow regime change of rivers, especially transboundary rivers, affected by reservoir regulations is evident worldwide and has received much attention. Investigating dam-induced flow regime alterations is essential for understanding potential adverse downstream effects and facilitating dialogue around coordinated water use in transboundary basins, such as the Lancang River Basin (LRB). This study explored the value of combining several types of satellite Earth observation (EO) datasets that monitor different water balance components to constrain the parameter space of lumped conceptual hydrological models. Thus, we aimed to reconstruct the natural flow regimes upstream and downstream of the cascade reservoirs. Specifically, reservoir water storage changes were first estimated using satellite imagery and altimetry datasets. Then, storage changes were combined with hydrological model simulations of reservoir inflow to estimate the regulated flow regime downstream. Our results showed that integrated hydrological modeling combined with EO datasets exhibited better overall performance. Continuous warming and drying of the LRB resulted in a decrease in discharge of approximately 47 %. By comparing the simulated natural and regulated flow regimes, we revealed the pivotal role of the Xiaowan and Nuozhadu reservoirs in regulating natural flows. The wet season shortens (approximately 45 days), the flood peak flattens, and the low flow in the dry season has primarily increases. The two reservoirs attenuated 50 % of the flood peaks in the wet seasons and mitigated droughts by releasing up to 100 % of the natural flows in the dry seasons at the China-Laos border. Overall, these results enhance the understanding of upper reservoir operation, and the approaches can be applied to studies of dammed basins under climate change scenarios when knowledge of the upstream area is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liguang Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | | | - Zhijun Yao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hou Jiang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peter Bauer-Gottwein
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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7
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He Z, Dong L, Zhu P, Zhang Z, Xu T, Zhang D, Pan X. Nano-scale analysis of uranium release behavior from river sediment in the Ili basin. Water Res 2022; 227:119321. [PMID: 36368086 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limitations of the conventional water sample pretreatment methods, some of the colloidal uranium (U) has long been misidentified as "dissolved" phase. In this work, the U species in river water in the Ili Basin was classified into submicron-colloidal (0.1-1 μm), nano-colloidal (0.1 μm-3 kDa) and dissolved phases (< 3 kDa) by using high-speed centrifugation and ultrafiltration. The U concentration in the river water was 5.39-8.75 μg/L, which was dominated by nano-colloidal phase (55-70%). The nano-colloidal particles were mainly composed of particulate organic matter (POM) and had a very high adsorption capacity for U (accounting for 70 ± 23% of colloidal U). Sediment disturbance, low temperature, and high inorganic carbon greatly improved the release of nano-colloidal U, but high levels of Ca2+ inhibited it. The simulated river experiments indicated that the flow regime determined the release of nano-colloidal U, and large amounts of nano-colloidal U might be released during spring floods in the Ili basin. Moreover, global warming increases river flow and inorganic carbon content, which may greatly promote the release and migration of nano-colloidal U.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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8
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Turschwell MP, Stewart-Koster B, Kenyon R, Deng RA, Stratford D, Hughes JD, Pollino CA. Spatially structured relationships between white banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) catch and riverine flow in the Northern Prawn Fishery, Australia. J Environ Manage 2022; 319:115761. [PMID: 35982564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water resource development can lead to the significant alteration of natural flow regimes, which can have impacts on the many aquatic species that rely on both freshwater and estuarine environments to successfully complete their lifecycles. In tropical northern Australia, annual catches of commercially harvested white banana prawns (WBP) are highly variable in response to environmental conditions, namely rainfall and subsequent riverine flow. However, little is known about the spatial extent to which flow from individual rivers influences offshore WBP catch. In this study, we quantify how the relationship between WBP catch in the Gulf of Carpentaria is influenced by flow from the Mitchell River, Queensland Australia. We used a Bayesian framework to model both prawn presence and catch per unit effort, and found evidence that multiple components of the flow regime contribute to fishery catch. We also found evidence to suggest that the relationships between prawn presence and flow were spatially structured across the fishing ground. Our results suggest that attributing fishery catch to a single river remains challenging, though highlights the importance of maintaining natural flow regimes to support a highly valuable commercial fishery species in the face of potential water resource development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Ben Stewart-Koster
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Rob Kenyon
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - Roy A Deng
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
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9
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Zhao T, Chen Z, Tu T, Yan D, Chen X. Unravelling the potential of global streamflow reanalysis in characterizing local flow regime. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156125. [PMID: 35605856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While global streamflow reanalysis provides valuable information for environmental modelling and management, it is not yet known how effective they are in characterizing the local flow regime. This paper presents a novel evaluation of the potential of streamflow reanalysis in the flow regime analysis by accounting for the effects of reservoir operation. Specifically, the indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) are used to characterize the five components of flow regime for both reservoir inflow and outflow; the performance of raw reanalysis is evaluated and the raw reanalysis is furthermore corrected by using the quantile mapping for improved flow regime analysis. The results of 35 major reservoirs in California show that raw reanalysis tends to be effective in characterizing the regime of reservoir inflow and that it is generally less effective in capturing outflow. For both inflow and outflow, the performance of raw reanalysis is beset by the existence of systematic errors. The quantile mapping is effective in error correction and therefore considerably improves the performances of reanalysis in characterizing the regime of not only reservoir inflow but also outflow. Nevertheless, for both reservoir inflow and outflow, the low flow part tends to be more difficult to handle than the high flow part. The evaluation conducted in this paper can serve as a roadmap for further exploitations of the potential of global streamflow reanalysis for flow regime analysis at regional and even continental scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtiegang Zhao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zexin Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongbi Tu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Denghua Yan
- Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ren K, Pan X, Yuan D, Zeng J, Liang J, Peng C. Nitrate sources and nitrogen dynamics in a karst aquifer with mixed nitrogen inputs (Southwest China): Revealed by multiple stable isotopic and hydro-chemical proxies. Water Res 2022; 210:118000. [PMID: 34996012 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate (NO3-) contamination of karst aquifers as an important drinking water reservoir is increasing globally. Understanding the behavior of nitrogen (N) in karst aquifers is imperative for effective groundwater quality management. This study combined multiple stable isotopes (δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O, δ13C-DIC, δ15N-NO3, and δ18O-NO3), including hydro-chemical data, with a tracer test and a Bayesian isotope mixing (SIAR) model to elucidate the NO3- sources and N cycling within the Babu karst aquifer in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Nitrate isotopes and SIAR model revealed that manure and sewage, nitrogen fertilizer, and soil organic nitrogen were the three dominant NO3- sources in winter, contributing to 37%, 32%, and 31% to spring NO3-, and 38%, 31%, and 31% to surface water NO3-, respectively. The δ18O-NO3 values of sampled waters ranging from 0.3‰ to 13.7‰ (mean of 7.7 ± 3.0‰; N = 63) and the significant negative correlations between δ15N-NO3 and δ13C-DIC in the spring waters (P < 0.01) revealed that nitrification was the primary N transformation process in the Babu watershed. Whereas, denitrification might still occur locally, confirmed by the enriched values of δ15N-NO3 (14.3 ± 7.6‰; N = 6) and high denitrification extent (46.6 ± 22.2%; N = 6) in the springs from residential areas, and by elevated δ13C-DIC (-11.2 ± 0.6‰; N = 26) and δ15N-NO3 values (18.9 ± 5.2‰; N = 26) in the boreholes. During the base flow period, point-inputs of the AMD-impacted stream and sewage waters, and short transit time (<5 days) were conducive to nitrification processes in the karst conduit, resulting in elevated NO3- concentration and NO3-/Cl- ratio at the watershed outlet. Approximately 50% of NO3- flux at the outlet was derived from nitrification, indicating that a significant extent of nitrification occurred in the NH4+-contaminated karst conduit, which may be a new NO3- source to receiving rivers and lakes. This study provided an integrated method for exploring the N dynamics in contaminated karst aquifers. Moreover, the study highlighted that the point N sources control required particular attention for groundwater protection and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources &Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 50, Qixing Road, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, China; School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources &Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 50, Qixing Road, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Daoxian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources &Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 50, Qixing Road, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources &Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 50, Qixing Road, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiapeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources &Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 50, Qixing Road, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources &Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 50, Qixing Road, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, China
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11
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Zhang J, Wang K, Yi Q, Zhang T, Shi W, Zhou X. Transport and partitioning of metals in river networks of a plain area with sedimentary resuspension and implications for downstream lakes. Environ Pollut 2022; 294:118668. [PMID: 34896398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study showed that metal transport and partitioning are primarily controlled by suspended solids with seasonal flow regimes in plain river networks with sedimentary resuspension. Eight metal species containing iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), in multiple phases of sediments, suspended solids (>0.7 μm), colloids (1 nm-0.7 μm) and dissolved phase (<1 nm) were analysed to characterize their temporal-spatial patterns, partitioning and transport on a watershed scale. Metal concentrations were associated with suspended solids in the water column and decreased from low flow to high flow. However, metal partitioning between particulate phase (suspended solids) and dissolvable phases (colloids and dissolved phase) was reversed and increased from low flow to high flow with decreased concentration of total suspended solids and median particle size. Partition coefficients (kp) showed differences among metal species, with higher values for Pb (354.3-649.0 L/g) and Cr (54.2-223.7 L/g) and lower values for Zn (2.5-25.2 L/g) and Cd (17.3-21.0 L/g). Metal concentrations in sediments increased by factors of 1.2-3.0 from upstream to downstream in watersheds impacted by urbanization. The behaviours of metals in rivers provide deeper insight into the ecological risks they pose for downstream lakes, where increased redox potential and organic matter may increase metal mobility due to algal blooms. Areas with heavy pollution of metals and the transport routines of metals in the river networks were also revealed in our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qitao Yi
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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12
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Bower LM, Peoples BK, Eddy MC, Scott MC. Quantifying flow-ecology relationships across flow regime class and ecoregions in South Carolina. Sci Total Environ 2022; 802:149721. [PMID: 34454154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural flow regime (i.e. magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and rate of change of flow events) is crucial for maintaining freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem services. Protecting instream flow from anthropogenic alterations first requires an understanding of the relationship between aquatic organisms and the flow regime. In this study, we used a unique framework based on random forest modeling to quantify effects of natural flow regime metrics on fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages across ecoregions and flow regime types in the state of South Carolina, USA. We found that all components of the natural flow regime affected both fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, suggesting that maintaining natural aspects of all flow regime components is critical for protecting freshwater diversity. We identified hydrologic metrics and flow regime components such as magnitude, frequency, and duration of flow events, that were associated with the greatest ecological responses for individual stream classes to help managers prioritize hydrologic and biological metrics of interest during environmental flow standard development. The response of aquatic organisms to hydrologic metrics varied across stream classifications and ecoregions, highlighting the importance of accounting for differences in flow regime and ecoregion when designing environmental flow standards. We provide a flexible framework based on statistical flow-ecology relationships that can be used to inform instream flow management and assess effects of flow alteration on riverine assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Bower
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, 234 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Brandon K Peoples
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | | | - Mark C Scott
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Freshwater Fisheries Research, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
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13
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Chong XY, Vericat D, Batalla RJ, Teo FY, Lee KSP, Gibbins CN. A review of the impacts of dams on the hydromorphology of tropical rivers. Sci Total Environ 2021; 794:148686. [PMID: 34218154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A major programme of dam building is underway in many of the world's tropical countries. This raises the question of whether existing research is sufficient to fully understand the impacts of dams on tropical river systems. This paper provides a systematic review of what is known about the impacts of dams on river flows, sediment dynamics and geomorphic processes in tropical rivers. The review was conducted using the SCOPUS® and Web of Science® databases, with papers analysed to look for temporal and geographic patterns in published work, assess the approaches used to help understand dam impacts, and assess the nature and magnitude of impacts on the flow regimes and geomorphology ('hydromorphology') of tropical rivers. As part of the review, a meta-analysis was used to compare key impacts across different climate regions. Although research on tropical rivers remains scarce, existing work is sufficient to allow us to draw some very broad, general conclusions about the nature of hydromorphic change: tropical dams have resulted in reductions in flow variability, lower flood peaks, reductions in sediment supply and loads, and complex geomorphic adjustments that include both channel incision and aggradation at different times and downstream distances. At this general level, impacts are consistent with those observed in other climate regions. However, studies are too few and variable in their focus to determine whether some of the more specific aspects of change observed in tropical rivers (e.g. time to reach a new, adjusted state, and downstream recovery distance) differ consistently from those in other regions. The review helps stress the need for research that incorporates before-after comparisons of flow and geomorphic conditions, and for the wider application of tools available now for assessing hydromorphic change. Very few studies have considered hydromorphic processes when designing flow operational policies for tropical dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Chong
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Damià Vericat
- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group, University of Lleida, E25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia, E25280 Solsona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ramon J Batalla
- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group, University of Lleida, E25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, E17100 Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Fang Yenn Teo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | | | - Christopher N Gibbins
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia.
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Kinard S, Patrick CJ, Carvallo F. Effects of a natural precipitation gradient on fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages in coastal streams. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12137. [PMID: 34703662 PMCID: PMC8489409 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is expected to increase the aridity of many regions of the world. Surface water ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to changes in the water-cycle and may suffer adverse impacts in affected regions. To enhance our understanding of how freshwater communities will respond to predicted shifts in water-cycle dynamics, we employed a space for time approach along a natural precipitation gradient on the Texas Coastal Prairie. In the spring of 2017, we conducted surveys of 10 USGS-gauged, wadeable streams spanning a semi-arid to sub-humid rainfall gradient; we measured nutrients, water chemistry, habitat characteristics, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish communities. Fish diversity correlated positively with precipitation and was negatively correlated with conductivity. Macroinvertebrate diversity peaked within the middle of the gradient. Semi-arid fish and invertebrate communities were dominated by euryhaline and live-bearing taxa. Sub-humid communities contained environmentally sensitive trichopterans and ephemeropterans as well as a variety of predatory fish which may impose top-down controls on primary consumers. These results warn that aridification coincides with the loss of competitive and environmentally sensitive taxa which could yield less desirable community states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Kinard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, United States of America
| | - Fernando Carvallo
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States of America
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15
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Al-Dogail AS, Gajbhiye RN. Dataset of flow experiment: Effects of density, viscosity and surface tension on flow regimes and pressure drop of two-phase flow in horizontal pipes. Data Brief 2021; 38:107396. [PMID: 34621927 PMCID: PMC8481959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dataset associate with the report is the flow experiment data acquired to evaluate the effect of density, viscosity, and surface tension on flow regime and pressure drop of two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe. To collect the data, experiments were conducted using a horizontal flow loop of 9.15 m (30 ft.) pipe length and 0.0254 m (1 inch) pipe diameter with a two-phase air/liquid system. The effect of surface tension was introduced by varying surface tension using the surfactant solution, the viscosity was varied using glycerin, and density was varied by the addition of calcium bromide. The superficial velocity of the liquid ranges from 0 to 3.048 m/sec (0–10 ft/s) and superficial gas velocity ranges from 0 to 18.288 m/sec (0–60 ft/s) respectively. The flow experiments were conducted at a constant liquid flow rate (fixing liquid rate) and varying the gas rate from minimum to the maximum value in a step-wise manner and then reducing the gas rate from maximum to minimum to see the presence of hysteresis effect. At each step of the experiment, the steady-state condition was observed based on the flow rate and pressure response and data were gather to have sufficient data points. Also, the video of the flow pattern was recorded using a high-speed camera for flow regime identification. Numerous sets of experiments were conducted to capture the ranges of superficial liquid and superficial gas velocity, density (1–1.5 gm/cc), viscosity (1–3.1 cP), and surface tension (32–70 mN/m). The data was used to develop the flow-regime map for the different cases and the effect of density, viscosity, and surface tension on flow regime and pressure drop were evaluated based on the boundary transition between different flow regimes. The pressure contour maps were generated to correlate with the flow regime map and their boundary transition. Also, a comparison of the generated data with the models in the literature is presented. Knowledge of flow regime type is essential for accurate prediction of the pressure drop in multiphase flow. However, to generate these maps a large quantity of experimental data is required and it is not feasible to evaluate the effect of each parameter on the flow regime map and boundary transition. This data-set is important in addressing the effect of fluid properties on two-phase horizontal flow also it will be a potential data-set for comparison as well as the development of multiphase flow modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala S Al-Dogail
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Atazadeh E, Gell P, Mills K, Barton A, Newall P. Community structure and ecological responses to hydrological changes in benthic algal assemblages in a regulated river: application of algal metrics and multivariate techniques in river management. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:39805-39825. [PMID: 33765262 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The flow regime of the Wimmera River was substantially modified due to the construction of a water supply reservoir. Samples of diatoms and soft algae and measurements of water quality were analysed at ten sampling sites for 3 years (between February 2012 and November 2014) along the MacKenzie River, a tributary of the Wimmera River, in different seasons and under different flow regimes, to understand the spatial and temporal variation in the relationship between algal communities, water quality and stream condition. Baseline information on algal communities and water quality was collected during base flow conditions, while experiments on the effect of water releases on algal communities were based on flow regime variations (manipulated flow regimes), specifically on the algae community structure, water quality and ecosystem function. Algal species composition changed along the river under different flow regimes and different seasons. Under base flow, Bacillariophyta (diatoms) were more abundant upstream, and filamentous green algae were more abundant downstream. The results showed that the algal composition shifted downstream after water release events. Chlorophyta (green algae), Cyanophyta (blue-green algae) and Chrysophyta gradually increased from upstream to downstream under base flow conditions and before water releases, whereas diatoms were greater upstream and increased downstream after water releases. The results are presented to tailor discharge and duration of the river flows by amalgamation of consumptive and environmental flows to improve the condition of the stream thereby supplementing the flows dedicated to environmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Atazadeh
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 51666-14779, Iran.
- Institute of Environment, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 51666-14779, Iran.
| | - Peter Gell
- School of Sciences, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia
| | - Keely Mills
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Andrew Barton
- School of Engineering, IT and Physical Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia
| | - Peter Newall
- School of Sciences, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia
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Li X, Sovilla B, Jiang C, Gaume J. Three-dimensional and real-scale modeling of flow regimes in dense snow avalanches. Landslides 2021; 18:3393-3406. [PMID: 34776814 PMCID: PMC8550512 DOI: 10.1007/s10346-021-01692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Snow avalanches cause fatalities and economic loss worldwide and are one of the most dangerous gravitational hazards in mountainous regions. Various flow behaviors have been reported in snow avalanches, making them challenging to be thoroughly understood and mitigated. Existing popular numerical approaches for modeling snow avalanches predominantly adopt depth-averaged models, which are computationally efficient but fail to capture important features along the flow depth direction such as densification and granulation. This study applies a three-dimensional (3D) material point method (MPM) to explore snow avalanches in different regimes on a complex real terrain. Flow features of the snow avalanches from release to deposition are comprehensively characterized for identification of the different regimes. In particular, brittle and ductile fractures are identified in the different modeled avalanches shortly after their release. During the flow, the analysis of local snow density variation reveals that snow granulation requires an appropriate combination of snow fracture and compaction. In contrast, cohesionless granular flows and plug flows are mainly governed by expansion and compaction hardening, respectively. Distinct textures of avalanche deposits are characterized, including a smooth surface, rough surfaces with snow granules, as well as a surface showing compacting shear planes often reported in wet snow avalanche deposits. Finally, the MPM modeling is verified with a real snow avalanche that occurred at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland. The MPM framework has been proven as a promising numerical tool for exploring complex behavior of a wide range of snow avalanches in different regimes to better understand avalanche dynamics. In the future, this framework can be extended to study other types of gravitational mass movements such as rock/glacier avalanches and debris flows with implementation of modified constitutive laws. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10346-021-01692-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Li
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Betty Sovilla
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Chenfanfu Jiang
- Computer and Information Science Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Johan Gaume
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
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18
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Hussein AM, Mahmoud RK, Sillanpää M, Abdel Wahed MSM. Impacts alum DWTPs sludge discharge and changes in flow regime of the Nile River on the quality of surface water and cultivated soils in Fayoum watershed, Egypt. Sci Total Environ 2021; 766:144333. [PMID: 33412433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of Drinking Water Treatment Plants sludge directly on surface waters without any treatment is becoming an important issue in most countries around the world, behavior is not only affecting on the water quality, but also on soil and crops. This study investigated the effect of discharge of alum sludge and the variation in the level of the Nile water (flow regime) on water and soil qualities. The water samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. In winter (closure season), the mean values of EC, TDS, major ions, pH, DO and total algae count were higher than in summer. In summer (flooding season), it was noticed that the mean values of SiO2, metals, COD, BOD, TOC, nutrients and bacteriological parameters exceed winter season values. Moreover, the concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn were above WHO permissible limits and the concentrations of aggregate organic parameters exceed the FAO permissible limits in sites near the areas of sludge discharge. Most of water samples exceed the national guidelines. For soil, our findings showed that the concentrations of metals in soil samples collected from areas irrigated from canals receiving alum sludge are more (two-three times) than their concentrations from the pure sites. However, Pb concentration in the contaminated soil reaches ten times more than in the pure one. The management of sludge disposal becomes an urgent priority to save waterways, soil and crops from pollution. Finally, the variation in water flow during the winter closure period with reduction by ≈15 BCM is similar to the same reduction in the Nile flow when the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam starts operation. This indicates that the long-term reduction in water flow due to the construction of this dam may cause serious environmental changes in the Nile River in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hussein
- Environmental Sciences and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Central Laboratories for Water Quality, Fayoum Drinking Water &Sanitation Company, Egypt.
| | - Rehab K Mahmoud
- Environmental Sciences and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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19
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Bhattacharya R, Osburn CL. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter composition and load from a coastal river system under variable flow regimes. Sci Total Environ 2021; 760:143414. [PMID: 33229091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) exported from riverine catchments can influence biogeochemical processes in coastal environments with implications for water quality and carbon budget. Despite recent efforts to quantify C fluxes during high flow events, knowledge gaps exist regarding the fluxes and yield of terrestrial, reactive vs. recalcitrant CDOM under episodic to base-flow conditions from uplands to downstream estuaries. We used stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and CDOM optical properties using parallel factor analysis to characterize composition and fluxes under variable flow conditions for a coastal river basin in the SE USA. Our findings showed that episodic flows (>75th percentile) were marked by the elevated flux of humic acid-like CDOM and lower in-stream autochthonous production, or microbial degradation. Further, 70% of the terrestrial CDOM was exported during high flows, with a 3-fold increase in CDOM flux during episodic events, including Hurricane Irene in 2011. While, low flows (<25th percentile) were marked by an increased abundance of microbial, humic CDOM that can be easily processed within the estuary. Due to greater wetland coverage in the Neuse, the annual CDOM yield was 5-6 times higher than the larger rivers, such as the Mississippi, USA, and Changjiang, China. We suggest that similar coastal watersheds in SE USA or elsewhere may contribute substantial amounts of reactive CDOM to the estuaries during high flow conditions and can have negative water quality implications for the coastal C dynamics. These findings can help predict the evolution of coastal C cycling under projected climate change and inform the development of appropriate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Bhattacharya
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Christopher L Osburn
- Dept. of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States of America
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20
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Tsang Y, Infante DM, Wang L, Krueger D, Wieferich D. Conserving stream fishes with changing climate: Assessing fish responses to changes in habitat over a large region. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142503. [PMID: 33045606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in climate are known to alter air temperature and precipitation and their associated thermal and hydrological regimes of freshwater systems, and such alterations in habitat are anticipated to modify fish composition in fluvial systems. Despite these expected changes, assessing climate change effects on habitat and fish over large regions has proven challenging. The goal of this study is to describe an approach to assess and identify stream reaches within a large region that are susceptible to climate changes based on responses of multiple fish species to changes in thermal and hydrological habitats occurring with changes in climate. We present a six-step approach to connect climate, habitat, and fish responses, demonstrated through an example to assess effects of climate change on fishes for all stream reaches in a large U.S. ecoregion (955,029 km2). Step 1 identified measures of air temperature and precipitation expected to change substantially in the future. Step 2 identified the climatic measures strongly associated with stream thermal and hydrologic metrics calculated from measured data from a subset of streams. Step 3 linked thermal and hydrologic metrics identified in Step 2 with abundances of fish species from the same stream reaches, and these fishes were combined into groups based on similar associations with specific thermal or hydrologic metrics. Step 4 used the linkages between fish groups and climatic measures and their associated thermal and hydrologic metrics to classify stream reaches. Step 5 assigned all stream reaches into classes based on the established classification under current climate measures and then re-assigned all stream reaches using projected climatic measures for three future time windows. Step 6 assessed changes in classes of stream reaches between current and future climate conditions. Stream reaches projected to change in stream classes were considered "vulnerable" to future climate change, as they would no longer support the same fish composition. The projected vulnerable streams for the years 2040, 2060, and 2090 were mapped and summarized to identify temporal patterns and identify their spatial distribution, along with underlying mechanisms leading to changes. Our results showed that 45.7% of the 320,000 reaches and 49.3% of the overall 650,000 km stream length in the study region were expected to change stream class by the year 2090, with spatially-explicit changes including streams' responding to changing air temperature or precipitation. This study provides critical guidance for integrating climate projections, landscape factors, stream habitat data, and fish data into a meaningful approach for understanding linkage. Outcomes greatly improve our ability to describe habitat changes at a stream reach scale throughout large regions, and they can aid in prioritizing management strategies to adapt to climate change at local and regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinphan Tsang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East-West Road, Sherman 101, University of Hawai'i Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States of America.
| | - Dana M Infante
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 1405 South Harrison Road, Suite 318, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America.
| | - Lizhu Wang
- International Joint Commission, Great Lakes Regional Office, 100 Ouellette Avenue, 8th Floor, Windsor, ON N9A 6T3, Canada.
| | - Damon Krueger
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 1405 South Harrison Road, Suite 318, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America.
| | - Daniel Wieferich
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 1405 South Harrison Road, Suite 318, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America.
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21
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Salgado WL, Dam RSF, Salgado CM. Optimization of a flow regime identification system and prediction of volume fractions in three-phase systems using gamma-rays and artificial neural network. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 169:109552. [PMID: 33434775 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a method based on gamma-ray densitometry using only one multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) to identify flow regime and predict volume fraction of gas, water, and oil in multiphase flow, simultaneously, making the prediction independent of the flow regime. Two NaI(Tl) detectors to record the transmission and scattering beams and a source with two gamma-ray energies comprise the detection geometry. The spectra of gamma-ray recorded by both detectors were chosen as ANN input data. Stratified, homogeneous, and annular flow regimes with (5 to 95%) various volume fractions were simulated by the MCNP6 code, in order to obtain an adequate data set for training and assessing the generalization capacity of ANN. All three regimes were correctly distinguished for 98% of the investigated patterns and the volume fraction in multiphase systems was predicted with a relative error of less than 5% for the gas and water phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Salgado
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Divisão de Radiofármacos (DIRA/IEN/CNEN), P.O. Box 68550, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-906, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Engenharia Nuclear (PEN/COPPE), P.O. Box 68509, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-914, Brazil.
| | - R S F Dam
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Divisão de Radiofármacos (DIRA/IEN/CNEN), P.O. Box 68550, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-906, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Engenharia Nuclear (PEN/COPPE), P.O. Box 68509, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-914, Brazil.
| | - C M Salgado
- Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Divisão de Radiofármacos (DIRA/IEN/CNEN), P.O. Box 68550, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-906, Brazil.
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22
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Liu W, Bailey RT, Andersen HE, Jeppesen E, Nielsen A, Peng K, Molina-Navarro E, Park S, Thodsen H, Trolle D. Quantifying the effects of climate change on hydrological regime and stream biota in a groundwater-dominated catchment: A modelling approach combining SWAT-MODFLOW with flow-biota empirical models. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:140933. [PMID: 32726701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may affect stream ecosystems through flow regime alterations, which can be particularly complex in streams with a significant groundwater contribution. To quantify the impacts of climate change on hydrological regime and subsequently the stream biota, we linked SWAT-MODFLOW (A model coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Modular Finite-difference Flow Model) with flow-biota empirical models that included indices for three key biological taxonomic identities (fish, macroinvertebrates and macrophytes) and applied the model-complex to a groundwater-dominated catchment in Denmark. Effects of predicted climate change towards the end of this century relative to the reference period (1996-2005) were tested with two contrasting climate change scenarios of different greenhouse gas emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6 (RCP 2.6) and RCP 8.5) and analysed for all subbasins grouped into streams of three size classes. The total water yield in the catchment did not change significantly (-1 ± 4 (SD) mm yr-1) from the baseline in the RCP2.6 scenario, while it increased by 9 ± 11 mm yr-1 in the RCP8.5 scenario. The three stream size classes underwent different alterations in flow regime and also demonstrated different biotic responses to climate change. All large and some small streams were impacted most heavily by the climate change, where fish and macrophyte indices decreased up to 14.4% and 11.2%, respectively, whereas these indices increased by up to 14.4% and 6.0%, respectively, in the medium and some small streams. The climate change effects were, as expected, larger in the RCP8.5 scenario than in the RCP2.6 scenario. Our study is the first to quantify the impacts of streamflow alterations induced by climate change on stream biota beyond specific species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Ryan T Bailey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China; Limnology Laboratory and EKOSAM, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anders Nielsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Eugenio Molina-Navarro
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Seonggyu Park
- Blackland Research & Extension Center, Texas A&M AgriLife, Temple, USA
| | - Hans Thodsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Dennis Trolle
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
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Morán J, Yon J, Poux A, Corbin F, Ouf FX, Siméon A. Monte Carlo Aggregation Code (MCAC) Part 2: Application to soot agglomeration, highlighting the importance of primary particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 575:274-285. [PMID: 32380319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During the agglomeration of nanoparticles and in particular, soot, a change in both the flow regime (from free molecular to near continuum) as well as the change of agglomeration regime (from ballistic to diffusive) is expected. However, these effects are rarely taken into account in numerical simulations of particle agglomeration and yet, they are suspected to have an important impact on the agglomeration kinetics, particle morphologies, and size distributions. This work intends to study these properties by using the Monte Carlo Aggregation Code (MCAC) presented in the preceding work (part 1), focusing on the physical impacts of varying the particle volume fraction and monomers size and polydispersity. The results show an important sensitivity of the kinetics of agglomeration, coagulation homogeneity, and agglomerate morphology to the size of monomers. First, for smaller monomer diameters, the agglomeration kinetic is enhanced and agglomerates are characterized by larger fractal dimensions. Second, for large monomer diameters, fractal dimensions down to 1.67 can be found being smaller than the classical 1.78 for Diffusion Limited Cluster Agglomeration (DLCA) mechanism. One important conclusion is that variation in time of both regimes has to be considered for a more accurate simulation of the agglomerate size distribution and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morán
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - J Yon
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - A Poux
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Corbin
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F-X Ouf
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucéaire (IRSN), PSN-RES, SCA, Gif-Sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - A Siméon
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 - LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, 59000 Lille, France
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Sánchez-Pérez A, Oliva-Paterna FJ, Colin N, Torralva M, Górski K. Functional response of fish assemblage to multiple stressors in a highly regulated Mediterranean river system. Sci Total Environ 2020; 730:138989. [PMID: 32388375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean rivers are characterised by strong environmental constrains and species-poor, highly endemic fish fauna. In Europe, these systems are exposed to multiple stressors due to extensive human activities. Studies on the effects of some stressors on riverine fish are available but complex responses of fish assemblages to interplay of flow alteration with physical habitat changes and invasive species have not been evaluated up to date. This study analysed the response of functional diversity of fish assemblages to multiple stressors in the Segura River system in the southern Spain. Fish assemblages were sampled in 16 sites in two consecutive periods (2009-2010 and 2013-2015). Subsequently, we assessed the responses of functional specialisation, originality and entropy (based on nine functional traits and abundances) as well as species richness and abundance to interplay of flow regime alteration and ecological status, fragmentation as well as non-native species abundance across spatial and temporal scales. The governing role of flow regime in structuring fish assemblage was superimposed on physical habitat changes, water quality deterioration and fragmentation as well as the presence of non-native fish species. We found an increase of species richness and abundance but decrease of functional specialisation and originality in river reaches with high level of base flow and more stable hydrological conditions. Opposite pattern was observed in reaches with severe reduction of base flow and marked inversion in the seasonal pattern of high and low flows. We postulate that the use of tools that consider the functional identity of the species as method to assess the effects of environmental alterations on fish biodiversity could improve conservation measures for Mediterranean fish fauna. Furthermore, design flows that mimic natural flow regime patterns characteristic for Mediterranean rivers are a promising tool to provide environmental conditions that would favour native fish within the assemblage and benefit their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Pérez
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Oliva-Paterna
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicole Colin
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mar Torralva
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Konrad Górski
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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25
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Arévalo-Mejía R, Leblois E, Salinas-Tapia H, Mastachi-Loza CA, Bâ KM, Díaz-Delgado C. A baseline assessment of hydrologic alteration degree for the Mexican catchments at gauged rivers (2016). Sci Total Environ 2020; 729:139041. [PMID: 32498179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
River regime has been modified in several freshwater bodies around the world. This alteration has led to species loss, water pollution, higher or lesser economic profits, changes in magnitude, timing, duration and rate change of flow, among others. Thus, hydrologic alteration assessment allows evaluating the regime parameters so that stakeholders, decision-makers, and dams managers may take efficient actions to mitigate or rehabilitate riparian ecosystems. In the present study, Hydrologic Alteration Indexes on Rivers (IAHRIS, for its acronym in Spanish) and the Mexican standard approach were considered to evaluate 1150 gauged catchments in Mexico and come up with an alteration baseline for 67.03% of the country surface. The comparison may assist stakeholders to propose potential changes in the Mexican standard approach. Results reveal that 232 analyzed catchments can be considered as non-altered according to IAHRIS. In stark contrast, there are 281 non-altered catchments in Mexico in agreement with the official standard approach. Altered catchments are mainly impacted by minimum flow metrics and connectivity discharge. Additionally, the correlation between alteration indexes and 5 socio-economic variables was checked to identify which variables may greatly impact hydrologic alteration evolution or mitigation. From the five selected variables, the Human Development Index is significatively correlated to extreme minimum metrics (p = 0.94) while the Gross Domestic Product to extreme maximum metrics (p = 0.90).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arévalo-Mejía
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - E Leblois
- Inrae, UR Riverly, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - H Salinas-Tapia
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - C A Mastachi-Loza
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - K M Bâ
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - C Díaz-Delgado
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico.
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26
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Blöcher JR, Ward MR, Matthaei CD, Piggott JJ. Multiple stressors and stream macroinvertebrate community dynamics: Interactions between fine sediment grain size and flow velocity. Sci Total Environ 2020; 717:137070. [PMID: 32062257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development has resulted in the degradation of freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Two key stressors impacting streams and rivers draining agricultural catchments are deposited fine sediment (e.g. due to erosion) and reduced flows (e.g. due to water abstraction, dams, or climate change). Past studies have identified fine sediment as a 'master stressor' in streams, but the effects of different sediment grain sizes in combination with reduced flow velocity are poorly understood. We manipulated deposited fine sediment (no added sediment; silt: 0-0.125 mm; fine sand: 0.125-0.250 mm; coarse sand: 1-2 mm) and flow velocity (fast: 26.5 cm/s; medium: 13.9 cm/s; slow: 0.0 cm/s) simultaneously in 60 outdoor stream mesocosms. We determined the individual and combined effects of these stressors on the benthic, drifting, and emerging stream macroinvertebrate communities. Both fine sediment and reduced flow velocity had pervasive detrimental impacts on stream invertebrate communities. Negative effects of sediment were worse at the smaller two grain sizes for some responses (abundance of Chironomidae, Copepoda, Psilochorema spp.); however, for several sediment-sensitive common taxa or community-level invertebrate metrics, effects were negative regardless of grain size. Although their combined effects were mainly additive, sediment impacts were worsened by reduced flow velocities in several cases. Our findings imply that (a) especially for sediment-sensitive species, all fine sediment <2 mm has profound negative effects, (b) sediment grain size matters for some invertebrate taxa, where severity of impacts increased as particle size decreased, and (c) negative effects of sedimentation can become worse when combined with reduced flow velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna R Blöcher
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Praha 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew R Ward
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Christoph D Matthaei
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Trinity Centre for the Environment, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland.
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27
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Hu JH, Tsai WP, Cheng ST, Chang FJ. Explore the relationship between fish community and environmental factors by machine learning techniques. Environ Res 2020; 184:109262. [PMID: 32087440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the face of multiple habitat alterations originating from both natural and anthropogenic factors, the fast-changing environments pose significant challenges for maintaining ecosystem integrity. Machine learning is a powerful tool for modeling complex non-linear systems through exploratory data analysis. This study aims at exploring a machine learning-based approach to relate environmental factors with fish community for achieving sustainable riverine ecosystem management. A large number of datasets upon a wide variety of eco-environmental variables including river flow, water quality, and species composition were collected at various monitoring stations along the Xindian River of Taiwan during 2005 and 2012. Then the complicated relationship and scientific essences of these heterogonous datasets are extracted using machine learning techniques to have a more holistic consideration in searching a guiding reference useful for maintaining river-ecosystem integrity. We evaluate and select critical environmental variables by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Gamma test (GT), and then we apply the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for an estimation of fish bio-diversity using the Shannon Index (SI). The results show that the correlation between model estimation and the biodiversity index is higher than 0.75. The GT results demonstrate that biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), water temperature, total phosphorus (TP), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) are important variables for biodiversity modeling. The ANFIS results further indicate lower BOD, higher TP, and larger habitat (flow regimes) would generally provide a more suitable environment for the survival of fish species. The proposed methodology not only possesses a robust estimation capacity but also can explore the impacts of environmental variables on fish biodiversity. This study also demonstrates that machine learning is a promising avenue toward sustainable environmental management in river-ecosystem integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Hu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Ping Tsai
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-1408, USA.
| | - Su-Ting Cheng
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
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Liu W, Bailey RT, Andersen HE, Jeppesen E, Park S, Thodsen H, Nielsen A, Molina-Navarro E, Trolle D. Assessing the impacts of groundwater abstractions on flow regime and stream biota: Combining SWAT-MODFLOW with flow-biota empirical models. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135702. [PMID: 31785917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the impacts of groundwater abstractions on stream ecosystems is crucial for developing water planning and regulations in lowland areas that are highly dependent on groundwater, such as Denmark. To assess the effects of groundwater abstractions on flow regime and stream biota in a lowland groundwater-dominant catchment, we combined the SWAT-MODFLOW model with flow-biota empirical models including indices for three key biological taxonomic identities (fish, macroinvertebrates, and macrophytes). We assessed the effects of the current level of abstractions and also ran a scenario for assessing the effect of extreme groundwater abstractions (pumping rates of the drinking water wells were increased by 20 times in one subbasin of the catchment). Three subbasin outlets representing stream segments of different sizes were used for this evaluation. Current groundwater abstraction level had only minor impacts on the flow regime and stream biotic indices at the three subbasin outlets. The extreme abstractions, however, led to significant impacts on the small stream but had comparatively minor effects on the larger streams. The fish index responded most negatively to the groundwater abstractions, followed by the macrophyte index, decreasing, respectively, by 23.5% and 11.2% in the small stream in the extreme groundwater abstraction scenario. No apparent impact was found on macroinvertebrates in any of the three subbasin outlets. We conclude that this novel approach of a combined modelling system is a useful tool to quantitatively assess the effects of groundwater abstractions on stream biota and thereby support water planning and regulations related to groundwater abstractions. We highlight the need for developing improved biotic models that target specifically small headwater streams, which are often most affected by water abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Ryan T Bailey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Seonggyu Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Blackland Research & Extension Center, Texas A&M AgriLife, Temple, USA
| | - Hans Thodsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Nielsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Eugenio Molina-Navarro
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark; Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dennis Trolle
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
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29
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Lippert T, Bandelin J, Schlederer F, Drewes JE, Koch K. Impact of ultrasound-induced cavitation on the fluid dynamics of water and sewage sludge in ultrasonic flatbed reactors. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 55:217-222. [PMID: 30712849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fluid dynamics of water, thickened waste activated sludge (WAS, total solids concentration 4.4%) and digested sludge (DS, total solids concentration 2.5%) within a lab-scale ultrasonic flatbed reactor were experimentally investigated. For a visual observation of the opaque sludge flow, sewage sludges were approximated by transparent xanthan solutions with identical flow behavior. The visualization of the flow was realized by use of an ultrasonic reactor with a transparent panel and dye streams injected into the flow. Without ultrasonic treatment, xanthan solutions showed distinct laminar flow behavior (generalized Reynolds numbers < 1), at a flow rate of 100 L/h. In water, dye streams remained coherent as well, but with slightly unsteady features (Reynolds number ∼ 350). Activation of the ultrasound reactor caused strong fluid dynamic disturbance in the water flow and dye streams were dissolved instantly, thus indicating turbulent mixing. For the xanthan solutions, however, mixing was considerably less pronounced. The dye streams in the DS substitute (0.5% xanthan solution) remained overall in laminar shape, but exhibited an eruption-like branching and an increase in diameter with advancing treatment duration. For the solution resembling WAS (2.0% xanthan solution), only weak dye stream disruption was observed, thus indicating that WAS flow in flatbed reactors is nearly laminar during ultrasonic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lippert
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jochen Bandelin
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felizitas Schlederer
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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30
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Radinger J, Alcaraz-Hernández JD, García-Berthou E. Environmental and spatial correlates of hydrologic alteration in a large Mediterranean river catchment. Sci Total Environ 2018; 639:1138-1147. [PMID: 29929282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The natural flow regime is of central importance to the ecological integrity of rivers. Many rivers are heavily regulated and their flow regime has been severely affected by weirs and dams. However, information on hydrologic alteration is often not readily available or is only available for specific locations that may not coincide spatially with biological sampling sites, which restricts the analysis of the relationship between species and their riverine environment on large spatial scales. In this study on the Ebro River catchment, we applied boosted regression tree analyses to reveal significant environmental and spatial correlates of hydrologic alteration (i.e., differences between observed altered flow and modelled natural flow). Specifically, we used 37 variables related to climate, land use, topology and dams that can be easily derived in GIS systems to assess their association with three indices of hydrologic alteration describing changes in: (i) annual discharge, (ii) summer flow, and (iii) flow seasonality at 220 sites. Our results revealed highly variable spatial patterns of flow alteration in the Mediterranean catchment, which were mainly related to climate (dryness and seasonality), land use patterns, and upstream catchment size. The distance to the next upstream dam and reservoir surface area were the most relevant dam-related predictors of the investigated indices of hydrologic alteration, with the strongest effects of the distance to the next dam being on summer flows. The study also found potential limitations of using simulated, natural flow data from hydrologic models, which might be prone to uncertainties, to assess hydrologic alterations. We therefore (i) suggest that methods need to be improved to appropriately model natural flow regimes and quantify flow alteration, especially for data-limited and ungauged water bodies; and (ii) encourage future research on how global change interacts with river regulation, jointly affecting flow alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Radinger
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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31
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Topaz T, Egozi R, Eshel G, Chefetz B. Pesticide load dynamics during stormwater flow events in Mediterranean coastal streams: Alexander stream case study. Sci Total Environ 2018; 625:168-177. [PMID: 29289002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated land is a major source of pesticides, which are transported with the runoff water and eroded soil during rainfall events and pollute riverine and estuarine environments. Common ecotoxicological assessments of riverine systems are mainly based on water sampling and analysis of only the dissolved phase, and address a single pesticide's toxicological impact under laboratory conditions. A clear overview of mixtures of pesticides in the adsorbed and dissolved phases is missing, and therefore the full ecotoxicological impact is not fully addressed. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify pesticide concentrations in both suspended sediment and dissolved phases, to provide a better understanding of pesticide-load dynamics during storm events in coastal streams in a Mediterranean climate. High-resolution sampling campaigns of seven flood events were conducted during two rainy seasons in Alexander stream, Israel. Samples of suspended sediments were separated from the solution and both media were analyzed separately for 250 pesticides. A total of 63 pesticides were detected; 18 and 16 pesticides were found solely in the suspended sediments and solution, respectively. Significant differences were observed among the pesticide groups: only 7% of herbicide, 20% of fungicide and 42% of insecticide load was transported with the suspended sediments. However, in both dissolved and adsorbed phases, a mix of pesticides was found which were graded from "mobile" to "non-mobile" with varied distribution coefficients. Diuron, and tebuconazole were frequently found in large quantities in both phases. Whereas insecticide and fungicide transport is likely governed by application time and method, the governing factor for herbicide load was the magnitude of the stream discharge. The results show a complex dynamic of pesticide load affected by excessive use of pesticides, which should be taken into consideration when designing projects to monitor riverine and estuarine water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Topaz
- Dept. of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roey Egozi
- The Soil Erosion Research Station, Soil Conservation and Drainage Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Gil Eshel
- The Soil Erosion Research Station, Soil Conservation and Drainage Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Dept. of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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32
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Serra T, Barcelona A, Soler M, Colomer J. Daphnia magna filtration efficiency and mobility in laminar to turbulent flows. Sci Total Environ 2018; 621:626-633. [PMID: 29195209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Daphnia are filter feeder organisms that prey on small particles suspended in the water column. Since Daphnia individuals can feed on wastewater particles, they have been recently proposed as potential organisms for tertiary wastewater treatment. However, analysing the effects of hydrodynamics on Daphnia individuals has scarcely been studied. This study focuses then, on quantifying the filtration and swimming velocities of D. magna individuals under different hydrodynamic conditions. Both D. magna filtration and movement responded differently if the flow was laminar or if it was turbulent. In a laminar-dominated flow regime Daphnia filtration was enhanced up to 2.6 times that of a steady flow, but in the turbulent-dominated flow regime D. magna filtration was inhibited. In the laminar flow regime D. magna individuals moved freely in all directions, whereas in the turbulent flow regime they were driven by the streamlines of the flow. A model based on Daphnia-particle encountering revealed that the filtration efficiency in the laminar regime was driven by the length of the D. magna individuals and the shear rate imposed by the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Serra
- University of Girona, Department of Physics, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Aina Barcelona
- University of Girona, Department of Physics, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marçal Soler
- University of Girona, Department of Physics, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Colomer
- University of Girona, Department of Physics, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Vigiak O, Lutz S, Mentzafou A, Chiogna G, Tuo Y, Majone B, Beck H, de Roo A, Malagó A, Bouraoui F, Kumar R, Samaniego L, Merz R, Gamvroudis C, Skoulikidis N, Nikolaidis NP, Bellin A, Acuňa V, Mori N, Ludwig R, Pistocchi A. Uncertainty of modelled flow regime for flow-ecological assessment in Southern Europe. Sci Total Environ 2018; 615:1028-1047. [PMID: 29751407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable water basin management requires characterization of flow regime in river networks impacted by anthropogenic pressures. Flow regime in ungauged catchments under current, future, or natural conditions can be assessed with hydrological models. Developing hydrological models is, however, resource demanding such that decision makers might revert to models that have been developed for other purposes and are made available to them ('off-the-shelf' models). In this study, the impact of epistemic uncertainty of flow regime indicators on flow-ecological assessment was assessed at selected stations with drainage areas ranging from about 400 to almost 90,000km2 in four South European basins (Adige, Ebro, Evrotas and Sava). For each basin, at least two models were employed. Models differed in structure, data input, spatio-temporal resolution, and calibration strategy, reflecting the variety of conditions and purposes for which they were initially developed. The uncertainty of modelled flow regime was assessed by comparing the modelled hydrologic indicators of magnitude, timing, duration, frequency and rate of change to those obtained from observed flow. The results showed that modelled flow magnitude indicators at medium and high flows were generally reliable, whereas indicators for flow timing, duration, and rate of change were affected by large uncertainties, with correlation coefficients mostly below 0.50. These findings mirror uncertainty in flow regime indicators assessed with other methods, including from measured streamflow. The large indicator uncertainty may significantly affect assessment of ecological status in freshwater systems, particularly in ungauged catchments. Finally, flow-ecological assessments proved very sensitive to reference flow regime (i.e., without anthropogenic pressures). Model simulations could not adequately capture flow regime in the reference sites comprised in this study. The lack of reliable reference conditions may seriously hamper flow-ecological assessments. This study shows the pressing need for improving assessment of natural flow regime at pan-European scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vigiak
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Department of Geography, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Lutz
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Catchment Hydrology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Angeliki Mentzafou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavyssos Attica, Greece
| | - Gabriele Chiogna
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management, Munich, Germany; University of Innsbruck, Institute of Geography, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ye Tuo
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Majone
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Trento, Italy
| | - Hylke Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - Ad de Roo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - Anna Malagó
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - Fayçal Bouraoui
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - Rohini Kumar
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luis Samaniego
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Merz
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Catchment Hydrology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christos Gamvroudis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavyssos Attica, Greece
| | | | - Alberto Bellin
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Trento, Italy
| | - Vicenç Acuňa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
| | - Nataša Mori
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Department of Geography, Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Pistocchi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
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Gallart F, Cid N, Latron J, Llorens P, Bonada N, Jeuffroy J, Jiménez-Argudo SM, Vega RM, Solà C, Soria M, Bardina M, Hernández-Casahuga AJ, Fidalgo A, Estrela T, Munné A, Prat N. TREHS: An open-access software tool for investigating and evaluating temporary river regimes as a first step for their ecological status assessment. Sci Total Environ 2017; 607-608:519-540. [PMID: 28704676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When the regime of a river is not perennial, there are four main difficulties with the use of hydrographs for assessing hydrological alteration: i) the main hydrological features relevant for biological communities are not quantitative (discharges) but qualitative (phases such as flowing water, stagnant pools or lack of surface water), ii) stream flow records do not inform on the temporal occurrence of stagnant pools, iii) as most of the temporary streams are ungauged, their regime has to be evaluated by alternative methods such as remote sensing or citizen science, and iv) the biological quality assessment of the ecological status of a temporary stream must follow a sampling schedule and references adapted to the flow- pool-dry regime. To overcome these challenges within an operational approach, the freely available software tool TREHS has been developed within the EU LIFE TRIVERS project. This software permits the input of information from flow simulations obtained with any rainfall-runoff model (to set an unimpacted reference stream regime) and compares this with the information obtained from flow gauging records (if available) and interviews with local people, as well as instantaneous observations by individuals and interpretation of ground-level or aerial photographs. Up to six metrics defining the permanence of water flow, the presence of stagnant pools and their temporal patterns of occurrence are used to determine natural and observed river regimes and to assess the degree of hydrological alteration. A new regime classification specifically designed for temporary rivers was developed using the metrics that measure the relative permanence of the three main phases: flow, disconnected pools and dry stream bed. Finally, the software characterizes the differences between the natural and actual regimes, diagnoses the hydrological status (degree of hydrological alteration), assesses the significance and robustness of the diagnosis and recommends the best periods for biological quality samplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Gallart
- Surface Hydrology and Erosion Group, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia,Spain.
| | - Núria Cid
- Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) Research Group, Dept. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jérôme Latron
- Surface Hydrology and Erosion Group, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia,Spain.
| | - Pilar Llorens
- Surface Hydrology and Erosion Group, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia,Spain.
| | - Núria Bonada
- Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) Research Group, Dept. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Justin Jeuffroy
- École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES), 1, Quai Koch, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Rosa-María Vega
- Júcar River Basin Authority, Av/Blasco Ibañez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carolina Solà
- Catalan Water Agency, c/Provença, 204, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Soria
- Surface Hydrology and Erosion Group, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia,Spain.
| | - Mònica Bardina
- Catalan Water Agency, c/Provença, 204, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Aránzazu Fidalgo
- Júcar River Basin Authority, Av/Blasco Ibañez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Teodoro Estrela
- Júcar River Basin Authority, Av/Blasco Ibañez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, c/Provença, 204, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Narcís Prat
- Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) Research Group, Dept. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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35
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Fabris L, Malcolm IA, Buddendorf WB, Millidine KJ, Tetzlaff D, Soulsby C. Hydraulic modelling of the spatial and temporal variability in Atlantic salmon parr habitat availability in an upland stream. Sci Total Environ 2017; 601-602:1046-1059. [PMID: 28599361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We show how spatial variability in channel bed morphology affects the hydraulic characteristics of river reaches available to Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar) under different flow conditions in an upland stream. The study stream, the Girnock Burn, is a long-term monitoring site in the Scottish Highlands. Six site characterised by different bed geometry and morphology were investigated. Detailed site bathymetries were collected and combined with discharge time series in a 2D hydraulic model to obtain spatially distributed depth-averaged velocities under different flow conditions. Available habitat (AH) was estimated for each site. Stream discharge was used according to the critical displacement velocity (CDV) approach. CDV defines a velocity threshold above which salmon parr are not able to hold station and effective feeding opportunities or habitat utilization are reduced, depending on fish size and water temperature. An average value of the relative available habitat (<RAH>) for the most significant period for parr growth - April to May - was used for inter-site comparison and to analyse temporal variations over 40years. Results show that some sites are more able than others to maintain zones where salmon parr can forage unimpeded by high flow velocities under both wet and dry conditions. With lower flow velocities, dry years offer higher values of <RAH> than wet years. Even though <RAH> can change considerably across the sites as stream flow changes, the directions of change are consistent. Relative available habitat (RAH) shows a strong relationship with discharge per unit width, whilst channel slope and bed roughness either do not have relevant impact or compensate each other. The results show that significant parr habitat was available at all sites across all flows during this critical growth period, suggesting that hydrological variability is not a factor limiting growth in the Girnock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fabris
- Northern Rivers Institute, School of Geosciences, St Mary's Building, Elphinstone Road, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Willem Bastiaan Buddendorf
- Northern Rivers Institute, School of Geosciences, St Mary's Building, Elphinstone Road, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Karen Jane Millidine
- Marine Scotland Science, Freshwater Laboratory, Pitlochry PH16 8BB, United Kingdom.
| | - Doerthe Tetzlaff
- Northern Rivers Institute, School of Geosciences, St Mary's Building, Elphinstone Road, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Chris Soulsby
- Northern Rivers Institute, School of Geosciences, St Mary's Building, Elphinstone Road, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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36
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D'Ambrosio E, De Girolamo AM, Barca E, Ielpo P, Rulli MC. Characterising the hydrological regime of an ungauged temporary river system: a case study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:13950-13966. [PMID: 27397027 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporary streams are characterised by specific hydrological regimes, which influence ecosystem processes, groundwater and surface water interactions, sediment regime, nutrient delivery, water quality and ecological status. This paper presents a methodology to characterise and classify the regime of a temporary river in Southern Italy based on hydrological indicators (HIs) computed with long-term daily flow records. By using a principal component analysis (PCA), a set of non-redundant indices were identified describing the main characteristics of the hydrological regime in the study area. The indicators identified were the annual maximum 30- and 90-day mean (DH4 and DH5), the number of zero flow days (DL6), flow permanence (MF) and the 6-month seasonal predictability of dry periods (SD6). A methodology was also tested to estimate selected HIs in ungauged river reaches. Watershed characteristics such as catchment area, gauging station elevation, mean watershed slope, mean annual rainfall, land use, soil hydraulic conductivity and available water content were derived for each site. Selected indicators were then linked to the catchment characteristics using a regression analysis. Finally, MF and SD6 were used to classify the river reaches on the basis of their degree of intermittency. The methodology presented in this paper constitutes a useful tool for ecologists and water resource managers in the Water Framework Directive implementation process, which requires a characterisation of the hydrological regime and a 'river type' classification for all water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia D'Ambrosio
- Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Emanuele Barca
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Pierina Ielpo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
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37
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Tsai WP, Huang SP, Cheng ST, Shao KT, Chang FJ. A data-mining framework for exploring the multi-relation between fish species and water quality through self-organizing map. Sci Total Environ 2017; 579:474-483. [PMID: 27866743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The steep slopes of rivers can easily lead to large variations in river water quality during typhoon seasons in Taiwan, which may poses significant impacts on riverine eco-hydrological environments. This study aims to investigate the relationship between fish communities and water quality by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for comprehending the upstream eco-hydrological system in northern Taiwan. We collected a total of 276 heterogeneous datasets with 8 water quality parameters and 25 fish species from 10 sampling sites. The self-organizing feature map (SOM) was used to cluster, analyze and visualize the heterogeneous datasets. Furthermore, the structuring index (SI) was adopted to determine the relative importance of each input variable of the SOM and identify the indicator factors. The clustering results showed that the SOM could suitably reflect the spatial characteristics of fishery sampling sites. Besides, the patterns of water quality parameters and fish species could be distinguishably (visually) classified into three eco-water quality groups: 1) typical upstream freshwater fishes that depended the most on dissolved oxygen (DO); 2) typical middle-lower reach riverine freshwater fishes that depended the most on total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen; and 3) low lands or pond (reservoirs) freshwater fishes that depended the most on water temperature, suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand. According to the results of the SI, the representative indicators of water quality parameters and fish species consisted of DO, TP and Onychostoma barbatulum. This grouping result suggested that the methodology can be used as a guiding reference to comprehensively relate ecology to water quality. Our methods offer a cost-effective alternative to more traditional methods for identifying key water quality factors relating to fish species. In addition, visualizing the constructed topological maps of the SOM could produce detailed inter-relation between water quality and the fish species of stream habitat units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Tsai
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Pin Huang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Ting Cheng
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Fi-John Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
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38
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McKay SK, Freeman MC, Covich AP. Application of Effective Discharge Analysis to Environmental Flow Decision-Making. Environ Manage 2016; 57:1153-1165. [PMID: 26961419 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-016-0684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Well-informed river management decisions rely on an explicit statement of objectives, repeatable analyses, and a transparent system for assessing trade-offs. These components may then be applied to compare alternative operational regimes for water resource infrastructure (e.g., diversions, locks, and dams). Intra- and inter-annual hydrologic variability further complicates these already complex environmental flow decisions. Effective discharge analysis (developed in studies of geomorphology) is a powerful tool for integrating temporal variability of flow magnitude and associated ecological consequences. Here, we adapt the effectiveness framework to include multiple elements of the natural flow regime (i.e., timing, duration, and rate-of-change) as well as two flow variables. We demonstrate this analytical approach using a case study of environmental flow management based on long-term (60 years) daily discharge records in the Middle Oconee River near Athens, GA, USA. Specifically, we apply an existing model for estimating young-of-year fish recruitment based on flow-dependent metrics to an effective discharge analysis that incorporates hydrologic variability and multiple focal taxa. We then compare three alternative methods of environmental flow provision. Percentage-based withdrawal schemes outcompete other environmental flow methods across all levels of water withdrawal and ecological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kyle McKay
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Mary C Freeman
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alan P Covich
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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39
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Lobera G, Batalla RJ, Vericat D, López-Tarazón JA, Tena A. Sediment transport in two mediterranean regulated rivers. Sci Total Environ 2016; 540:101-113. [PMID: 26372613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean climate is characterized by highly irregular rainfall patterns with marked differences between wet and dry seasons which lead to highly variable hydrological fluvial regimes. As a result, and in order to ensure water availability and reduce its temporal variability, a high number of large dams were built during the 20th century (more than 3500 located in Mediterranean rivers). Dams modify the flow regime but also interrupt the continuity of sediment transfer along the river network, thereby changing its functioning as an ecosystem. Within this context, the present paper aims to assess the suspended sediment loads and dynamics of two climatically contrasting Mediterranean regulated rivers (i.e. the Ésera and Siurana) during a 2-yr period. Key findings indicate that floods were responsible for 92% of the total suspended sediment load in the River Siurana, while this percentage falls to 70% for the Ésera, indicating the importance of baseflows on sediment transport in this river. This fact is related to the high sediment availability, with the Ésera acting as a non-supply-limited catchment due to the high productivity of the sources (i.e. badlands). In contrast, the Siurana can be considered a supply-limited system due to its low geomorphic activity and reduced sediment availability, with suspended sediment concentration remaining low even for high magnitude flood events. Reservoirs in both rivers reduce sediment load up to 90%, although total runoff is only reduced in the case of the River Ésera. A remarkable fact is the change of the hydrological character of the River Ésera downstream for the dam, shifting from a humid mountainous river regime to a quasi-invariable pattern, whereas the Siurana experiences the opposite effect, changing from a flashy Mediterranean river to a more constant flow regime below the dam.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lobera
- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - R J Batalla
- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia, Solsona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D Vericat
- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia, Solsona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J A López-Tarazón
- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Germany; School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Tena
- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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40
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Fanaian S, Graas S, Jiang Y, van der Zaag P. An ecological economic assessment of flow regimes in a hydropower dominated river basin: the case of the lower Zambezi River, Mozambique. Sci Total Environ 2015; 505:464-473. [PMID: 25461048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The flow regime of rivers, being an integral part of aquatic ecosystems, provides many important services benefiting humans in catchments. Past water resource developments characterized by river embankments and dams, however, were often dominated by one (or few) economic use(s) of water. This results in a dramatically changed flow regime negatively affecting the provision of other ecosystem services sustained by the river flow. This study is intended to demonstrate the value of alternative flow regimes in a river that is highly modified by the presence of large hydropower dams and reservoirs, explicitly accounting for a broad range of flow-dependent ecosystem services. In this study, we propose a holistic approach for conducting an ecological economic assessment of a river's flow regime. This integrates recent advances in the conceptualization and classification of ecosystem services (UK NEA, 2011) with the flow regime evaluation technique developed by Korsgaard (2006). This integrated approach allows for a systematic comparison of the economic values of alternative flow regimes, including those that are considered beneficial for aquatic ecosystems. As an illustration, we applied this combined approach to the Lower Zambezi Basin, Mozambique. Empirical analysis shows that even though re-operating dams to create environmentally friendly flow regimes reduces hydropower benefits, the gains to goods derived from the aquatic ecosystem may offset the forgone hydropower benefits, thereby increasing the total economic value of river flow to society. The proposed integrated flow assessment approach can be a useful tool for welfare-improving decision-making in managing river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Graas
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Jiang
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands; IVM Institute for Environmental Studies, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Zaag
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands; Water Resources Section, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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González-Ortegón E, Walton MEM, Moghaddam B, Vilas C, Prieto A, Kennedy HA, Pedro Cañavate J, Le Vay L. Flow regime in a restored wetland determines trophic links and species composition in the aquatic macroinvertebrate community. Sci Total Environ 2015; 503-504:241-250. [PMID: 25242150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In a restored wetland (South of Spain), where different flow regimes control water exchange with the adjacent Guadalquivir estuary, the native Palaemon varians coexists with an exotic counterpart species Palaemon macrodactylus. This controlled m\acrocosm offers an excellent opportunity to investigate how the effects of water management, through different flow regimes, and the presence of a non-native species affect the aquatic community and the trophic niche (by gut contents and C-N isotopic composition) of the native shrimp Palaemon varians. We found that increased water exchange rate (5% day(-1) in mixed ponds vs. 0.1% day(-1) in extensive ponds) modified the aquatic community of this wetland; while extensive ponds are dominated by isopods and amphipods with low presence of P. macrodactylus, mixed ponds presented high biomass of mysids, corixids, copepods and both shrimp species. An estuarine origin of nutrients and primary production might explain seasonal and spatial differences found among ponds of this wetland. A combined analysis of gut contents and isotopic composition of the native and the exotic species showed that: (1) native P. varians is mainly omnivorous (2) while the non-native P. macrodactylus is more zooplanktivorous and (3) a dietary overlap occurred when both species coexist at mixed ponds where a higher water exchange and high abundance of mysids and copepods diversifies the native species' diet. Thus differences in the trophic ecology of both species are clearly explained by water management. This experimental study is a valuable tool for integrated management between river basin and wetlands since it allows quantification of wetland community changes in response to the flow regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González-Ortegón
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK; IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro de Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Spain.
| | - M E M Walton
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
| | - B Moghaddam
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
| | - C Vilas
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro de Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro de Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - H A Kennedy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
| | - J Pedro Cañavate
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro de Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - L Le Vay
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
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Kivirand K, Floren A, Kagan M, Avarmaa T, Rinken T, Jaaniso R. Analyzing the biosensor signal in flows: studies with glucose optrodes. Talanta 2014; 131:74-80. [PMID: 25281075 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Responses of enzymatic bio-optrodes in flow regime were studied and an original model was proposed with the aim of establishing a reliable method for a quick determination of biosensor signal parameters, applicable for biosensor calibration. A dual-optrode glucose biosensor, comprising of a glucose bio-optrode and a reference oxygen optrode, both placed into identical flow channels, was developed and used as a model system. The signal parameters of this biosensor at different substrate concentrations were not dependent on the speed of the probe flow and could be determined from the initial part of the biosensor transient phase signal, providing a valuable tool for rapid analysis. In addition, the model helped to design the biosensor system with reduced impact of enzyme inactivation to the system stability (20% decrease of the enzyme activity lead to only a 1% decrease of the slope of the calibration curve) and hence significantly prolong the effective lifetime of bio-optrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kivirand
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - A Floren
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - M Kagan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - T Avarmaa
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - T Rinken
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - R Jaaniso
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
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Corbella C, Garfí M, Puigagut J. Vertical redox profiles in treatment wetlands as function of hydraulic regime and macrophytes presence: surveying the optimal scenario for microbial fuel cell implementation. Sci Total Environ 2014; 470-471:754-758. [PMID: 24184552 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sediment microbial fuel cell (sMFC) represents a variation of the typical configuration of a MFC in which energy can be harvested via naturally occurring electropotential differences. Moreover, constructed wetlands show marked redox gradients along the depth which could be exploited for energy production via sMFC. In spite of the potential application of sMFC to constructed wetlands, there is almost no published work on the topic. The main objective of the present work was to define the best operational and design conditions of sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (SSF CWs) under which energy production with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) would be maximized. To this aim, a pilot plant based on SSF CW treating domestic sewage was operated during six months. Redox gradients along the depth of SSF CWs were determined as function of hydraulic regime (continuous vs discontinuous) and the presence of macrophytes in two sampling campaigns (after three and six months of plant operation). Redox potential (EH) within the wetlands was analysed at 5, 15 and 25 cm. Results obtained indicated that the maximum redox gradient was between the surface and the bottom of the bed for continuous planted wetlands (407.7 ± 73.8 mV) and, to a lesser extent, between the surface and the middle part of the wetland (356.5 ± 76.7 mV). Finally, the maximum redox gradients obtained for planted wetlands operated under continuous flow regime would lead to a power production of about 16 mW/m(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Corbella
- GEMMA, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Garfí
- GEMMA, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Puigagut
- GEMMA, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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