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Wang R, Yang M, Zheng Y, Song F, Zhao X, Chen C. Interactive transgenerational effects of parental co-exposure to prochloraz and chlorpyrifos: Disruption in multiple biological processes and induction of genotoxicity. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 198:105713. [PMID: 38225071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The application of different types of pesticides can result in the coexistence of multiple pesticide residues in our food and the environment. This can have detrimental effects on the health of offspring across generations when parents are exposed to these pesticides. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the long-term effects that can be inherited by future generations when assessing the risks associated with pesticides. To study the genotoxic effects of commonly used pesticides, prochloraz (PRO) and chlorpyrifos (CHL), and assess whether their combined exposures have a different toxic effect, we modeled the transgenerational effects of parental (F0-generation) and/or offspring (F1-generation) exposures on zebrafish embryos in the F1-generation. Following the exposures, we proceeded to assess the impacts of these exposures on a range of biological processes in F1-generation zebrafish. Our results revealed that exposure to PRO and CHL altered multiple biological processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and thyroid hormone synthesis, and detoxification system, providing molecular targets for subsequent studies on toxicity mechanisms. Notably, our study also found that the biological processes of F1-generation zebrafish embryos were altered even though they were not exposed to any pesticide when F0-generation zebrafish were exposed to PRO or CHL, suggesting potential genotoxicity. In conclusion, we provided in-vivo evidence that parental exposure to PRO and/or CHL can induce genotoxicity in the offspring. Moreover, we observed that the toxic effects resulting from the combined exposure were interactive, suggesting a potential synergistic impact on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Wang
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxue Yang
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ye Zheng
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fuyong Song
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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2
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Wang R, Huang N, Ji J, Chen C. An integrated approach for evaluating the interactive effects between azoxystrobin and ochratoxin A: Pathway-based in vivo analyses. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 195:105556. [PMID: 37666592 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZO) is a broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide widely used in agriculture. However, its use increases the possibility of co-occurrence with mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA), which poses a significant risk to human health. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the evaluation of the combined toxicity of these two compounds. To assess the combined effects of AZO and OTA, the response genes and phenotypes for AZO or OTA exposure were obtained by utilizing Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. In addition, we provided in-vivo evidence that AZO and OTA, in isolation and combination, could disrupt a variety of biological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and thyroid hormone regulation under environmentally relevant concentrations. Notably, our findings suggest that the combined exposure group exhibited greater toxicity, as evidenced by the expression of various markers associated with the aforementioned biological processes, compared to the individual exposure group, which presents potential targets for the underlying mechanisms of induced toxicity. This study provides a novel methodological approach for exploring the mechanism of combined toxicity of a fungicide and a mycotoxin, which can shed light for conducting risk assessment of foodborne toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Wang
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Huang
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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3
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González-Soto N, Blasco N, Irazola M, Bilbao E, Guilhermino L, Cajaraville MP. Fate and effects of graphene oxide alone and with sorbed benzo(a)pyrene in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. J Hazard Mater 2023; 452:131280. [PMID: 37030218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has gained a great scientific and economic interest due to its unique properties. As incorporation of GO in consumer products is rising, it is expected that GO will end up in oceans. Due to its high surface to volume ratio, GO can adsorb persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and act as carrier of POPs, increasing their bioavailability to marine organisms. Thus, uptake and effects of GO in marine biota represent a major concern. This work aimed to assess the potential hazards of GO, alone or with sorbed BaP (GO+BaP), and BaP alone in marine mussels after 7 days of exposure. GO was detected through Raman spectroscopy in the lumen of the digestive tract and in feces of mussels exposed to GO and GO+BaP while BaP was bioaccumulated in mussels exposed to GO+BaP, but especially in those exposed to BaP. Overall, GO acted as a carrier of BaP to mussels but GO appeared to protect mussels towards BaP accumulation. Some effects observed in mussels exposed to GO+BaP were due to BaP carried onto GO nanoplatelets. Enhanced toxicity of GO+BaP with respect to GO and/or BaP or to controls were identified for other biological responses, demonstrating the complexity of interactions between GO and BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore González-Soto
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Science and Technology Faculty and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nagore Blasco
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Science and Technology Faculty and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Mireia Irazola
- Dept. Analytical Chemistry and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eider Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Science and Technology Faculty and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Lúcia Guilhermino
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, ICBAS, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar and Research Group of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Science and Technology Faculty and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain.
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4
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Liu Y, Ma Y, Chen M, Zhou T, Ji R, Guo R, Chen J. Trophic transfer and environmental safety of carbon dots from microalgae to Daphnia. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157201. [PMID: 35817103 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of carbon dots (CDs), a novel carbon nanomaterial, is extensive, leading to inevitable CD pollution. However, studies on their environmental fate and related risks to aquatic ecosystems are limited. Here, the trophic transfer of CDs from Chlorella pyrenoidosa to Daphnia magna and their toxic effects on the two organisms were analyzed. 14C-labelling was used to quantify and evaluate the fate of CDs. The results showed that the radioactivity of CDs in water was >80 % of the initial radioactivity, and that water extractable residues were dominant in organisms, with only 3 % or less recovered from the mineralization product 14CO2. The distribution of radioactivity illustrated how the exposure routes changed the fate of CDs in aquatic environments. CD aggregates were found in algal cells and Daphnia intestinal tract, indicating the cellular uptake of CDs in these aquatic organisms. Wall-membrane detachment, cell collapse, and rupture were observed in the ultrastructural investigations of microalgae, whereas pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis was observed in the ultrastructural investigations of D. magna. CD exposure affected the growth and chlorophyll content of C. pyrenoidosa as well as the feeding behavior, oxidative stress system, digestive system, and symbiotic bacteria of D. magna. The toxicity of CDs is also affected by the route of exposure. These findings suggest that dietary exposure to CDs was more likely to cause environmental risk and adverse effects than aqueous exposure, and the environmental risks associated with CDs should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianhan Zhou
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wang L, Yang D, Ma F, Wang G, You Y. Recent advances in responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - Plant symbiosis to engineered nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131644. [PMID: 34346335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is increasing in all walks of life, inevitably resulting in a high risk of ENMs entering the natural environment. Recent studies have demonstrated that phytoaccumulation of ENMs in the environment may be detrimental to plants to varying degrees. However, plants primarily assimilate ENMs through the roots, which are inevitably affected by rhizomicroorganisms. In this review, we focus on a group of common rhizomicroorganisms-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These fungi contribute to ENMs immobilization and inhibition of phytoaccumulation, improvement of host plant growth and activation of systematic protection in response to excess ENMs stress. In present review, we summarize the biological responses of plants to ENMs and the modulatory mechanisms of AMF on the immobilization of ENMs in substrate-plant interfaces, and indirectly regulatory mechanisms of AMF on the deleterious effects of ENMs on host plants. In addition, the information of feedback of ENMs on mycorrhizal symbiosis and the prospects of future research on the fate and mechanism of phyto-toxicity of ENMs mediated by AMF in the environment are also addressed. In view of above, synergistic reaction of plants and AMF may prove to be a cost-effective and eco-friendly technology to bio-control potential ENMs contamination on a sustainable basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Dongguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Gen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yongqiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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6
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Fink G, Venkataramani AS, Zanolini A. Early life adversity, biological adaptation, and human capital: evidence from an interrupted malaria control program in Zambia. J Health Econ 2021; 80:102532. [PMID: 34600186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence from evolutionary biology demonstrates how early life shocks trigger physiological changes designed to be adaptive in challenging environments. We examine the implications of one type of physiological adaptation - immunity formation - for human capital accumulation. Using variation in early life malaria risk generated by an interrupted disease control program in Zambia, we show that exposure to infectious diseases during the first two years of life can reduce the harmful effects of malaria exposure on cognitive development during the preschool years. These findings suggest a non-linear and trajectory-dependent relationship between early life adversity and human capital formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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McLean KM, Pasulka AL, Bockmon EE. A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications. HardwareX 2021; 10:e00247. [PMID: 35607696 PMCID: PMC9123462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the need for seawater pH control methodologies paralleled the rise in attention to the biological impacts of ocean acidification. Many effective and high-performing systems have been created, but they are often expensive, complex, and difficult to establish. We developed a system that is similarly high performing, but at a low cost and with a simple and accessible design. This system is controlled by an Arduino Nano, an open-source electronics platform, which regulates the flow of CO2 gas through electric solenoid valves. The Arduino and other inexpensive materials total ∼$150 (plus CO2 gas and regulator), and a new treatment can be added for less than $35. Easy-to-learn code and simple wire-to-connect hardware make the design extremely accessible, requiring little time and expertise to establish. The system functions with a variety of pH probes and can be adapted to fit a variety of experimental designs and organisms. Using this set up, we were able to constrain seawater pH within a range of 0.07 pH units. Our system thus maintains the performance and adaptability of existing systems but expands their accessibility by reducing cost and complexity.
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Shang H, Wang Q, Ok YS, Zhang S, Zhu X. Magnetic biochar production alters the molecular characteristics and biological response of pyrolysis volatile-derived water-soluble organic matter. Sci Total Environ 2021; 778:146142. [PMID: 33714822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formed Fe oxides (minerals) in the magnetic biochar production process can facilitate its recovery and carbon retention rate. However, the influence of Fe oxides on pyrolysis volatile-derived water-soluble organic matter (PVWSOM, also called wood vinegar) has been largely overlooked. Results demonstrated that in-situ formed Fe oxides (α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) could obviously inhibit biomass cracking and accordingly reduce PVWSOM emissions, as indicated by decreased PVWSOM concentrations from 28.7 to 6.8 mg C/g biomass. FT-ICR MS results further indicated that Fe oxides suppressed the formation of large-molecular-weight PVWSOM compounds with high degree of unsaturation (DBE value > 5) and oxygen content (oxygen number > 5), leading to lower polarity and aromaticity. Therefore, the changes in PVWSOM molecular structures caused by Fe oxides relieved its toxicity on wheat seed growth, and reduced negative impact on soil microbial diversity and promoted soil bacterial Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. These results indicate that molecular structures of PVWSOM from biomass pyrolysis also can be changed by Fe oxides to affect its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China.
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9
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Shang H, Fu Q, Zhang S, Zhu X. Heating temperature dependence of molecular characteristics and biological response for biomass pyrolysis volatile-derived water-dissolved organic matter. Sci Total Environ 2021; 757:143749. [PMID: 33223178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of biomass pyrolysis volatile-derived water-dissolved organic matter (WOM, often called wood vinegar) determines sustainable recycling of biomass. Further, pyrolysis temperature significantly controls the cracking of biomass components, resulting in various molecular compositions and biological responses of WOM. Although it has been widely used in the agriculture, the relationship between molecular compositions and biological responses affected by heating temperature is still unclear. Here, it was observed that the WOM concentration increased with increasing temperatures and the pyrolysis of 1 g biomass can generate ~ WOM with 36.24 mg C. Moreover, with increasing pyrolysis temperatures, the generated WOM consisted of more phenols but fewer alcohols, furans, acids, and ketones, and demonstrated characteristics of higher aromaticity and lower m/z molecular weight. Due to the enhanced polarity, high temperatures promoted the solubility of WOM. Germination tests show that low pyrolysis temperatures-derived WOM (< 400 °C) with large-molecular-weight and low oxygen-containing (low O/Cwa) promoted plant growth, while high temperatures-derived WOM (> 400 °C) with small-molecular-weight and high oxygen-containing (high O/Cwa) inhibited growth. These results suggest that WOM can be separately collected at different pyrolysis temperatures to achieve sustainable recycling of pyrolysis volatile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qinglong Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Tsang Y, Infante DM, Wang L, Krueger D, Wieferich D. Conserving stream fishes with changing climate: Assessing fish responses to changes in habitat over a large region. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142503. [PMID: 33045606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in climate are known to alter air temperature and precipitation and their associated thermal and hydrological regimes of freshwater systems, and such alterations in habitat are anticipated to modify fish composition in fluvial systems. Despite these expected changes, assessing climate change effects on habitat and fish over large regions has proven challenging. The goal of this study is to describe an approach to assess and identify stream reaches within a large region that are susceptible to climate changes based on responses of multiple fish species to changes in thermal and hydrological habitats occurring with changes in climate. We present a six-step approach to connect climate, habitat, and fish responses, demonstrated through an example to assess effects of climate change on fishes for all stream reaches in a large U.S. ecoregion (955,029 km2). Step 1 identified measures of air temperature and precipitation expected to change substantially in the future. Step 2 identified the climatic measures strongly associated with stream thermal and hydrologic metrics calculated from measured data from a subset of streams. Step 3 linked thermal and hydrologic metrics identified in Step 2 with abundances of fish species from the same stream reaches, and these fishes were combined into groups based on similar associations with specific thermal or hydrologic metrics. Step 4 used the linkages between fish groups and climatic measures and their associated thermal and hydrologic metrics to classify stream reaches. Step 5 assigned all stream reaches into classes based on the established classification under current climate measures and then re-assigned all stream reaches using projected climatic measures for three future time windows. Step 6 assessed changes in classes of stream reaches between current and future climate conditions. Stream reaches projected to change in stream classes were considered "vulnerable" to future climate change, as they would no longer support the same fish composition. The projected vulnerable streams for the years 2040, 2060, and 2090 were mapped and summarized to identify temporal patterns and identify their spatial distribution, along with underlying mechanisms leading to changes. Our results showed that 45.7% of the 320,000 reaches and 49.3% of the overall 650,000 km stream length in the study region were expected to change stream class by the year 2090, with spatially-explicit changes including streams' responding to changing air temperature or precipitation. This study provides critical guidance for integrating climate projections, landscape factors, stream habitat data, and fish data into a meaningful approach for understanding linkage. Outcomes greatly improve our ability to describe habitat changes at a stream reach scale throughout large regions, and they can aid in prioritizing management strategies to adapt to climate change at local and regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinphan Tsang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East-West Road, Sherman 101, University of Hawai'i Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States of America.
| | - Dana M Infante
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 1405 South Harrison Road, Suite 318, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America.
| | - Lizhu Wang
- International Joint Commission, Great Lakes Regional Office, 100 Ouellette Avenue, 8th Floor, Windsor, ON N9A 6T3, Canada.
| | - Damon Krueger
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 1405 South Harrison Road, Suite 318, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America.
| | - Daniel Wieferich
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 1405 South Harrison Road, Suite 318, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America.
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Qin T, Hong X, Chen R, Zha J, Shen J. Evaluating environmental impact of STP effluents on receiving water in Beijing by the joint use of chemical analysis and biomonitoring. Sci Total Environ 2021; 752:141942. [PMID: 32896793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the environmental impact of receiving water from the Qinghe River sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents in Beijing, we collected sediments and Bellamya aeruginosa (Up-site, Discharge-site, and Down-site) both in 2017 and 2018 and analyzed the samples via chemical analysis, biological responses and transcriptomics. In two years of data, our biological results showed that AChE activities presented different degrees of influence on B. aeruginosa captured at sampling points of the STP compared to control sites (P < 0.05). Additionally, indicators of the antioxidant system (e.g., SOD, CAT, GST, EROD activity) and MDA content were significantly increased in the whole tissue at the Up-site of the STP. Integration of the assessed biomarkers using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index ranked the environmental impact at sites as Up-site > Discharge-site > Down-site. In terms of the transcriptome data, B. aeruginosa collected from the Discharge-site of the STP showed greater transcriptomic response than it did from all other sites. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that sewage significantly altered the expression of genes involved in xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, citrate (TCA) cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, apoptotic and Parkinson's disease. The concentrations of 34 organic pollutants (17 PAHs, 10 PAEs, 7 EDCs) were measured. The chemical concentrations of pollutants decreased from Up-site to Down-site and were well correlated with enzyme activity, IBR, and transcriptomic results. Our results demonstrated that the combined use of chemical analysis, biological responses and transcriptome data is necessary to validate the efficacy of a battery of biomarkers chosen to detect environmental stress due to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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12
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Wang Z, Yue L, Dhankher OP, Xing B. Nano-enabled improvements of growth and nutritional quality in food plants driven by rhizosphere processes. Environ Int 2020; 142:105831. [PMID: 32540628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rising global population growth and limitation of traditional agricultural technology, global crop production could not provide enough nutrients to assure adequate intake for all people. Nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides have 20-30% higher efficacy than conventional products, which offer an effective solution to the above-mentioned problem. Rhizosphere is where plant roots, soil, and soil biota interact, and is the portal of nutrients transporting from soil into plants. The rhizosphere processes could modify the bioavailability of all nutrients and nanomaterials (NMs) before entering the food plants. However, to date, the overall rhizosphere processes regulating the behaviors and bioavailability of NMs to enhance the nutritional quality are still uncertain. In this review, a meta-analysis is conducted to quantitatively assess NMs-mediated changes in nutritional quality from food plants. Furthermore, the current knowledge and related mechanisms of the behavior and bioavailability of NMs driven by rhizosphere processes, e.g., root secretions, microbial and earthworm activities, are summarized. A series of rhizosphere processes can influence how NMs enter plants and change the biological responses, including signal transduction and nutrient absorption and transport. Moreover, future perspectives are presented to maximize the potentials of NMs applications for the enhancement of food crop production and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Om P Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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13
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Murugadoss S, Brassinne F, Sebaihi N, Petry J, Cokic SM, Van Landuyt KL, Godderis L, Mast J, Lison D, Hoet PH, van den Brule S. Agglomeration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increases toxicological responses in vitro and in vivo. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:10. [PMID: 32101144 PMCID: PMC7045370 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The terms agglomerates and aggregates are frequently used in the regulatory definition(s) of nanomaterials (NMs) and hence attract attention in view of their potential influence on health effects. However, the influence of nanoparticle (NP) agglomeration and aggregation on toxicity is poorly understood although it is strongly believed that smaller the size of the NPs greater the toxicity. A toxicologically relevant definition of NMs is therefore not yet available, which affects not only the risk assessment process but also hinders the regulation of nano-products. In this study, we assessed the influence of NP agglomeration on their toxicity/biological responses in vitro and in vivo. Results We tested two TiO2 NPs with different primary sizes (17 and 117 nm) and prepared ad-hoc suspensions composed of small or large agglomerates with similar dispersion medium composition. For in vitro testing, human bronchial epithelial (HBE), colon epithelial (Caco2) and monocytic (THP-1) cell lines were exposed to these suspensions for 24 h and endpoints such as cytotoxicity, total glutathione, epithelial barrier integrity, inflammatory mediators and DNA damage were measured. Large agglomerates of 17 nm TiO2 induced stronger responses than small agglomerates for glutathione depletion, IL-8 and IL-1β increase, and DNA damage in THP-1, while no effect of agglomeration was observed with 117 nm TiO2. In vivo, C57BL/6JRj mice were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration or oral gavage to TiO2 suspensions and, after 3 days, biological parameters including cytotoxicity, inflammatory cell recruitment, DNA damage and biopersistence were measured. Mainly, we observed that large agglomerates of 117 nm TiO2 induced higher pulmonary responses in aspirated mice and blood DNA damage in gavaged mice compared to small agglomerates. Conclusion Agglomeration of TiO2 NPs influences their toxicity/biological responses and, large agglomerates do not appear less active than small agglomerates. This study provides a deeper insight on the toxicological relevance of NP agglomerates and contributes to the establishment of a toxicologically relevant definition for NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Murugadoss
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Noham Sebaihi
- National Standards, FPS Economy, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jasmine Petry
- National Standards, FPS Economy, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stevan M Cokic
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- Trace Elements and Nanomaterials, Sciensano, 1180, Uccle, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter H Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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14
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Guo D, Ali A, Ren C, Du J, Li R, Lahori AH, Xiao R, Zhang Z, Zhang Z. EDTA and organic acids assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Zn from a smelter contaminated soil by potherb mustard (Brassica juncea, Coss) and evaluation of its bioindicators. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 167:396-403. [PMID: 30366273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an in-situ reclamation technique for removal of potentially toxic metals through hyperaccumulator plants. Potherb mustard (Brassica juncea, Coss.) is less explored for its assisted phytoextraction potential to restore and accelerate potentially toxic metals removal from smelter-contaminated soil. In this study, different levels of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) alone and combined with citric acid (CA) and oxalic acid (OA) were applied in a greenhouse pot experiment. Chelates added on 25th d and 25/35th d after sowing, enhanced cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) bioavailability in soil due to complexation. As a result, Cd and Zn in shoot and root were significantly amplified by 1.7, 2.15 and 1.93, 2.7 folds than control, respectively. Shoot and root dry weight significantly reduced and ranged between 4.13-9.91 and 0.21-0.77 g pot-1, respectively. The toxicity induced by potentially toxic metals in plant imposed a series of biological responses. Plant antioxidants like Phenylalanine ammomialyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) Catalase (CAT) content increased, except the peroxidase (POD) with the addition of chelating agents. Besides, biological concentration factor (BCF) of Cd and Zn, translocation factor (TF) of Cd were notably elevated (>1.0), while TF of Zn was reduced. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive relation between DTPA-extractable and shoot concentration of Cd and Zn, whereas it showed negative correlation with plant dry weight. In general, chelate-assisted phytoremediation of smelter contaminated soil proved effective in this study, and followed the order: EDTA > EDTA + CA ≈ EDTA + OA > CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Guo
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunyan Ren
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Altaf Hussain Lahori
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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15
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Sturba L, Liberatori G, Vannuccini ML, Ancora S, Corsi I. Uptake and biological responses in land snail Cornu aspersum exposed to vaporized CdCl 2. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 148:377-383. [PMID: 29096264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of Cd and some biomarkers of exposure and effects have been investigated in specimens of land snail Cornu aspersum exposed to vaporized CdCl2 (10mg/L) for 7 days. The Cd levels quantified in snail's whole bodies confirmed Cd bioavailability trough vaporization and an higher accumulation in the midgut gland compared to the foot. Biological responses investigated showed a reduction of destabilization time of lysosomal membranes (NRRT) in hemocytes and an induction of catalase activities (CAT) in midgut gland. A further evidence of CdCl2 vaporized exposure was given by an increase in MT protein content as well as induction of Cd-MT gene expression, highlighting the central role of the midgut gland in Cd detoxification. These biomarkers can thus be considered as sensitive tools for the assessment of Cd contamination in the air using land snails as bioindicators. No changes in of GST activity and MDA were observed. From the overall results, the land snail, C. aspersum, could be used as good bioindicator of air quality for pollution monitoring purposes having shown clear signs of exposure and effects due Cd exposure by air.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sturba
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - G Liberatori
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - M L Vannuccini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - S Ancora
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - I Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Drought is an increasingly important limitation on plant productivity worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance in plants can lead to new strategies for developing drought-tolerant crops. Many moss species are able to survive desiccation-a more severe state of dehydration than drought. Research into the mechanisms and evolution of desiccation tolerance in basal land plants is of particular significance to both biology and agriculture. In this study, we conducted morphological, cytological, and physiological analyses of gametophytes of the highly desiccation-tolerant bryophyte Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv during dehydration and rehydration. Our results suggested that the mechanisms underlying the dehydration-recovery cycle in A. undulatum gametophytes include maintenance of membrane stability, cellular structure protection, prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, elimination of ROS, protection against ROS-induced damage, and repair of ROS-induced damage. Our data also indicate that this dehydration-recovery cycle consists not only of the physical removal and addition of water, but also involves a highly organized series of cytological, physiological, and biochemical changes. These attributes are similar to those reported for other drought- and desiccation-tolerant plant species. Our findings provide major insights into the mechanisms of dehydration-tolerance in the moss A. undulatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Xiao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yikun He
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Ruaro R, Gubiani ÉA, Cunico AM, Moretto Y, Piana PA. Comparison of fish and macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of Neotropical streams. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:45. [PMID: 26687088 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems in developing countries faces several limitations, especially related to gathering resources. The present study aimed at comparing the responses of fish and benthic macroinvertebrates to environmental change, to identify which group best indicates the differences between reference and impacted streams in southern Brazil. We determined reference and impacted sites based on physical and chemical variables of the water. For the analysis and comparison of biological responses, we calculated 22 metrics and submitted them to a discriminant analysis. We selected from this analysis only six metrics, which showed that the two studied assemblages respond differently to environmental change. A larger number of metrics were selected for macroinvertebrates than for fish in the separate analysis. The metrics selected for macroinvertebrates in the pooled analysis (i.e., fish and macroinvertebrates together) were different from those selected in the separate analysis for macroinvertebrates alone. However, the metrics selected for fish in the pooled analysis were the same selected in the separate analysis for fish alone. The macroinvertebrate assemblage was more effective for distinguishing reference from impacted sites. We suggest the use of macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of Neotropical streams, especially in situations in which time and money are short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ruaro
- Graduate Program in Conservation and Management of Natural Resources, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, Bairro Universitário, 2069, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Éder André Gubiani
- Graduate Program in Conservation and Management of Natural Resources, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, Bairro Universitário, 2069, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
- Research Group in Fisheries and Limnology (Gerpel), Western Paraná State University, Rua da Faculdade 645, Toledo, Paraná, 85903-000, Brazil
| | - Almir Manoel Cunico
- Laboratory of Ecology, Fisheries and Ichthyology, Federal University of Parana, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Palotina, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Aquaculture and Sustainable Development, Federal University of Parana, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Palotina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yara Moretto
- Laboratory of Ecology, Fisheries and Ichthyology, Federal University of Parana, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Palotina, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Aquaculture and Sustainable Development, Federal University of Parana, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Palotina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pitágoras Augusto Piana
- Graduate Program in Conservation and Management of Natural Resources, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, Bairro Universitário, 2069, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
- Research Group in Fisheries and Limnology (Gerpel), Western Paraná State University, Rua da Faculdade 645, Toledo, Paraná, 85903-000, Brazil
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18
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Salbu B. Environmental impact and risk assessments and key factors contributing to the overall uncertainties. J Environ Radioact 2016; 151 Pt 2:352-360. [PMID: 26546475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant number of nuclear and radiological sources that have contributed, are still contributing, or have the potential to contribute to radioactive contamination of the environment in the future. To protect the environment from radioactive contamination, impact and risk assessments are performed prior to or during a release event, short or long term after deposition or prior and after implementation of countermeasures. When environmental impact and risks are assessed, however, a series of factors will contribute to the overall uncertainties. To provide environmental impact and risk assessments, information on processes, kinetics and a series of input variables is needed. Adding problems such as variability, questionable assumptions, gaps in knowledge, extrapolations and poor conceptual model structures, a series of factors are contributing to large and often unacceptable uncertainties in impact and risk assessments. Information on the source term and the release scenario is an essential starting point in impact and risk models; the source determines activity concentrations and atom ratios of radionuclides released, while the release scenario determine the physico-chemical forms of released radionuclides such as particle size distribution, structure and density. Releases will most often contain other contaminants such as metals, and due to interactions, contaminated sites should be assessed as a multiple stressor scenario. Following deposition, a series of stressors, interactions and processes will influence the ecosystem transfer of radionuclide species and thereby influence biological uptake (toxicokinetics) and responses (toxicodynamics) in exposed organisms. Due to the variety of biological species, extrapolation is frequently needed to fill gaps in knowledge e.g., from effects to no effects, from effects in one organism to others, from one stressor to mixtures. Most toxtests are, however, performed as short term exposure of adult organisms, ignoring sensitive history life stages of organisms and transgenerational effects. To link sources, ecosystem transfer and biological effects to future impact and risks, a series of models are usually interfaced, while uncertainty estimates are seldom given. The model predictions are, however, only valid within the boundaries of the overall uncertainties. Furthermore, the model predictions are only useful and relevant when uncertainties are estimated, communicated and understood. Among key factors contributing most to uncertainties, the present paper focuses especially on structure uncertainties (model bias or discrepancies) as aspects such as particle releases, ecosystem dynamics, mixed exposure, sensitive life history stages and transgenerational effects, are usually ignored in assessment models. Research focus on these aspects should significantly reduce the overall uncertainties in the impact and risk assessment of radioactive contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Aas, Norway
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19
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Chen L, Lam JCW, Zhang X, Pan K, Guo C, Lam PKS, Wang W, Liu H, Qian PY. Relationship between metal and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) body burden and health risks in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 100:383-392. [PMID: 26320980 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we employed the widespread and gregarious barnacle species Balanus amphitrite in a biomonitoring program to evaluate coastal pollution around three piers (i.e., Tso Wo Hang, Sai Kung and Hebe Haven) in Hong Kong. An integrated approach was used herein, combining both the chemical determination of contaminant concentrations, including metals and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and a suite of biological responses across the entire barnacle lifecycle (i.e., adult, nauplius, cyprid and juvenile). The analytical results revealed a distinct geographical distribution of metals and PBDEs. Adult physiological processes and larval behaviors varied significantly among the three piers. Furthermore, a correlation analysis demonstrated a specific suite of biological responses towards metal and PBDE exposure, likely resulting from their distinct modes of action. Overall, the results of this study indicated that the combination of chemical and biological tests provided an integrated measure for the comprehensive assessment of marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Building, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Building, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cui Guo
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Building, Shenzhen 518057, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenxiong Wang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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