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Comley-White N, Ntsiea V, Potterton J. Physical functioning in adolescents with perinatal HIV. AIDS Care 2024; 36:60-69. [PMID: 37229771 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2214862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal HIV impacts on growth and development in childhood, with physical impairments such as growth limitations, decreased physical activity, reduced exercise tolerance and cardiopulmonary dysfunction continuing into adolescence. There is limited data on other physical functioning domains in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents (PHIVA) thus the aim of this study was to establish the physical sequelae of perinatal HIV in adolescents. This South African cross-sectional study compared PHIVA with HIV-negative adolescents, assessing anthropometry, muscle strength, endurance and motor performance. All ethical considerations were adhered to. The study included 147 PHIVA and 102 HIV-negative adolescents, aged 10-16 years. The majority (87.1%) of PHIVA were virally suppressed however, they still showed significant deficits in height (p < 0.001), weight (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.004). Both groups performed poorly in muscle strength and endurance but did not differ significantly. In motor performance, the PHIVA scored significantly lower for manual dexterity and balance, with significantly more PHIVA with motor difficulty. A regression analysis showed that viral suppression predicted muscle strength (p = 0.032) and age positively predicted endurance (p = 0.044) and negatively predicated aiming and catching (p = 0.009). In conclusion, PHIVA face growth deficits and challenges with motor performance, especially with manual dexterity and balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Comley-White
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Veronica Ntsiea
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joanne Potterton
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Myezwa H, Nixon S, Potterton J, Ajidahun AT, Cameron C, Konje M, Omoroh F, Chiluba BC, Chisoso T, Solomon P. HIV advocacy: knowledge translation and implementation at three diverse sites in sub-Saharan Africa. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:8367-8374. [PMID: 35108143 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2012848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore how the gap in knowledge translation around HIV and rehabilitation could be addressed using advocacy. This article describes and reflects on lessons learned from incorporating content on HIV and advocacy into the curricula at three diverse physiotherapy (PT) programs in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS A realistic evaluation approach was followed. Three study sites were purposively chosen to reflect diverse settings with respect to pedagogical approach, university or college, degree or diploma programs, use of technology, and regional prevalence of HIV. A multi-faceted intervention was implemented that included three activities: (i) to develop three core components of a novel knowledge translation intervention designed to improve knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in HIV and rehabilitation advocacy among PT students; (ii) to tailor and implement the knowledge translation intervention by local faculty according to the context and needs of their program and to implement this with a cohort of PT students at each of the three study sites; and (iii) to evaluate the adaptation and implementation of the intervention at each site. RESULTS Differences exist between the three-country programmes, specifically in the length of time the degree takes, the extent of HIV inclusion in the curriculum and years of the study included in the project. CONCLUSIONS This research adds to the call to shift the focus of HIV care from just test-and-treat, or on just keeping people alive, towards a broader approach that centres the whole person, that focuses not only on surviving but on thriving, and which commits to the goal of optimising functioning and living full, whole lives with HIV. Advocacy across the continuum of care plays a pivotal role in translating research findings into practice.Implications for rehabilitationResults are relevant for policymakers in government and at senior levels within universities whose mandates include informing, reviewing, and driving educational programs and curricula.The result from this project illuminates the role for rehabilitation and allows for incorporating HIV into curriculum and practice for physiotherapists and other related stakeholders so that they can advocate for and with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Myezwa
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Nixon
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanne Potterton
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adedayo Tunde Ajidahun
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cathy Cameron
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Moses Konje
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Florence Omoroh
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Theresa Chisoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patricia Solomon
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Slow and Steady But Not Related to HIV Stigma: Physical Activity in South Africans Living with HIV and Chronic Pain. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:1950-1961. [PMID: 36436140 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV stigma may influence physical activity in people living with HIV (PLWH) and chronic pain. We prospectively examined the relationship between stigma, activity and chronic pain in a convenience sample of PLWH initiating antiretroviral therapy in an inner-city clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Participants wore accelerometers to measure daily duration and intensity of activity for 2 weeks. Stigma was assessed with the Revised HIV Stigma Scale. Participants [n = 81, 89% female, age mean (SD) 42 (8)] were active for a median of 7 h daily (IQR 5.2, 9.2), but at very low intensity, equivalent to a slow walk [median (IQR): 0.39 m s-1 (0.33, 0.50)]. Duration and intensity of activity was not associated with stigma, even after controlling for age, self-assessed wealth, pain intensity and willingness to engage in physical activity (p-values > 0.05). As stigma did not associate with greater activity, drivers of sustained activity in South African PLWH remain unclear.
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Nweke M, Nombeko M, Govender N, Akinpelu A, Ukwuoma M, Ogunniyi A. Aerobic exercise for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in individuals on antiretroviral therapy: A randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2022; 36:1601-1612. [PMID: 35850533 DOI: 10.1177/02692155221114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing burden of self-limiting forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in the antiretroviral therapy era calls for adjunctive interventions. The study aimed to determine the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on HAND. METHODS This is a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. This study was a clinic-based programme. Seventy-three patients with HAND were enrolled in the trial. The intervention comprised a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, 20-60 min per session, three times per week, for twelve weeks. The control group received exercise education. Prevalence of HAND constituted the primary outcome. HAND was identified and classified following the Frascati criteria. We computed the odds ratio and number needed-to-treat to estimate the treatment effect. RESULTS There were 73 patients (38 in exercise and 35 in control arm). Individuals in the exercise arm recorded a significantly higher reduction in working memory deficit (OR = 5.14; CI = 2.6-10.4; NNT = 6) but not in attention-deficit (OR = 0.31, CI = 0.2-0.5; NNT = -5) compared to the control group at twelve-week. Reductions in attention deficit (OR = 1.55, 95 CI = 1.0-2.4; NNT = 5) and HAND prevalence (OR = 1.8, 95 CI = 1.2-2.8); NNT = 8) were significantly higher in the exercise group compared the control group at three-month. No significant between-group difference in functional independence was observed immediately after exercise (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION The neuroprotective effects of aerobic exercise appear selective and vary with cognitive abilities impaired and aerobic capacity, with a greater change occurring with improved aerobic capacity. CONCLUSION Individuals with working memory and attention deficits may benefit more from moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Nweke
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, 56410University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa
| | - Mshunqane Nombeko
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, 56410University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, 56410University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa
| | - Aderonke Akinpelu
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, 56410University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa
| | - Maryjane Ukwuoma
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, 56410University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, 56410University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa
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Nweke M, Nombeko M, Govender N, Akinpelu AO, Ogunniyi A. Effects of aerobic exercise on quality of life of people with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder on antiretroviral therapy: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:419. [PMID: 35488222 PMCID: PMC9055763 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) negatively impacts quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Behavioural intervention adjunct to ART may improve QoL of people with HAND. We determine the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on QoL in people with HAND who were receiving ART. TRIAL DESIGN This was a parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. METHODS We identified 73 participants diagnosed with HAND. Participants were sampled from an earlier study that examined the prevalence of HAND according to the Frascati criteria. Participants were randomised and allocated to an intervention of 12-weeks of aerobic exercise, comprising three 20-60 min sessions per week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise using a cycle ergometer. The primary outcome was QoL, which was evaluated using the World Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQoL)-BREF. RESULTS Participants in the exercise (n = 39) and control (n = 35) groups had similar sociodemographic characteristics (p > 0.05). Following the 12-week aerobic exercise programme, participants in the exercise group had improved physical (p < 0.001), psychological (p = 0.008) and environmental (p = 0.001) domains of the QoL (p = 0.001) and overall QoL (p = 0.001) relative to the control group. Similarly, participants in the exercise group had lower depression scores than participants in the control group. Depression scores in the exercise group were still lower 3 months post-intervention (p = 0.007). Only the improvements in physical (p = 0.02) and psychological (p = 0.007) domains of QoL were sustained at 3 months post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise improves the QoL of people with HAND. To ensure sustained benefits, people with HAND may need to engage in long-term physical exercise. Trial registration The trial is registered with the PAN African Trial Registry (PACTR). Date: 01/09/2020, ID: PACTR202009483415745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Nweke
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Mshunqane Nombeko
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aderonke O Akinpelu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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The effects of a 12-week exercise programme for people living with HIV in Ethiopia. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bassett SM, Brody LR, Jack DC, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Clark TM, Dale SK, Moskowitz JT. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Program to Promote Positive Affect, Well-Being and Gender Empowerment in Black Women Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:1737-1750. [PMID: 33389322 PMCID: PMC7778488 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While programs and interventions intended to increase positive affect among people living with HIV (PLWH) and other chronic diseases have been associated with improved health outcomes, including decreased depression, programs have not been tailored specifically for Black women. We tailored a program designed to increase positive affect and to decrease depressive symptoms in PLWH to a group format for Black WLWH. We also added skills to increase gender empowerment. We then tested the acceptability and feasibility of this program with 8 Black WLWH. The program was acceptable and relatively feasible, as assessed by women’s participation and feedback about program clarity and helpfulness, which women rated above 9 on a 10-point scale. A few women suggested that optimal delivery point for some skills taught would be shortly after HIV diagnosis. A proof-of-concept program intended to bolster positive emotions and gender empowerment and decrease depression can be tailored for Black WLWH and is relatively feasible and acceptable. A randomized controlled trial is needed to assess the preliminary efficacy of this program on positive affect, depression, and other health outcomes for WLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bassett
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - L R Brody
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D C Jack
- Fairhaven College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - K M Weber
- Cook County Health and Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M H Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Rush University and Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T M Clark
- Cook County Health and Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S K Dale
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - J T Moskowitz
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Simões HG, Rosa TS, Sousa CV, Aguiar SDS, Motta-Santos D, Degens H, Korhonen MT, Campbell CSG. Does Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length and Higher Physical Fitness Protect Master Athletes From Consequences of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection? Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:87. [PMID: 33345078 PMCID: PMC7739763 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, University Center UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Occupational Therapy, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marko T Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Komiya K, Goto A, Kan T, Honjo K, Uchida S, Takikawa S, Yoshimatsu T, Hiramatsu K, Kadota JI. A high C-reactive protein level and poor performance status are associated with delayed sputum conversion in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Japan. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2019; 14:291-298. [PMID: 31821726 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the aging population had been increasing in many countries, the factors associated with sputum conversion in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the predictors of delayed sputum conversion and to assess the impact of non-conversion on mortality during tuberculosis treatment in elderly patients. METHODS Elderly patients (>65 years) admitted at our hospital in Japan for sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included. The risk factors for sputum non-conversion after 2 months of treatment were determined using multiple logistic regression. Cox hazard regression was used to assess the influence of non-conversion on mortality. RESULTS We included 185 patients, with median age of 82 years (IQR, 79-88 years). The median time to conversion was 47 (95% CI 43-51) days, and 62 (34%) were identified as non-converters. Multivariate analysis showed that high pretreatment smear grade, high C-reactive protein level and poor performance status were associated with non-conversion. Non-conversion did not contribute to death during treatment. CONCLUSIONS In elderly patients, inflammation level and physical activity level, along with initial smear grade may have a significant impact on delayed sputum conversion. Non-conversion after two months of treatment might not be related with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Komiya
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishi-Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.,Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Akihiko Goto
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishi-Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.,Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kan
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishi-Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.,Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kokoro Honjo
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishi-Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.,Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Sonoe Uchida
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishi-Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.,Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Shuichi Takikawa
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishi-Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Yoshimatsu
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishi-Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Hiramatsu
- Medical Safety Management, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kadota
- Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
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10
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Malete L, Etnier JL, Tladi DM, Vance JC, Anabwani GM. Predicting cognitive performance from physical activity and fitness in adolescents and young adults in Botswana relative to HIV status. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19583. [PMID: 31862947 PMCID: PMC6925206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about whether physical activity and fitness could enhance cognition in adolescents and young adults living with HIV. The purpose of this study was to examine this relationship in a group of 250 HIV+ (n = 88) and HIV negative (n = 162) participants from Botswana, aged 12-23 years (Mean = 17.87, SD = 2.24). Fitness was operationalized as muscular strength (push-ups) and aerobic endurance (PACER). PA was assessed using items from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Cognition was measured using the Corsi Test, Berg Card Sorting Task (BCST), and Stroop Color Word Task (Stroop). Multiple regression analyses indicated that the HIV x push-ups interaction was a significant predictor of Corsi performance, and HIV status was a significant predictor of BCST performance (p < 0.05). For the Stroop portions, HIV status and HIV x push-ups were significant predictors (p < 0.01). HIV status is predictive of cognition and interacts with muscular fitness to predict cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leapetswe Malete
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Etnier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dawn M Tladi
- Department of Physical Education, Health & Recreation, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Jarod C Vance
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriel M Anabwani
- The Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
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Sookan T, Motala A, Ormsbee M, Antonio J, Magula N, Lalloo U, McKune A. Improvement in Muscular Strength in HIV-Infected Individuals Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:E66. [PMID: 33467381 PMCID: PMC7739231 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated (1) the effect of a progressive resistance training (PRT) program and whey protein intake on maximal muscle strength in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and (2) alterations in maximal strength 12 wks after the cessation of PRT with continued supplementation. METHODS Sixty HIV-infected individuals were recruited. Whole body PRT was performed twice weekly for 12 wks. Participants received, in a double-blind placebo controlled manner, either 20 g whey or placebo (maltodextrin) before and immediately after each session. Both PRT groups continued to take either whey protein or placebo for a further 12 wks following the exercise intervention to examine the effects of detraining. RESULTS Forty participants (mean and standard deviation (SD) age 40.8 (±7.7) years, weight 70.8 (±16) kg, body mass index (BMI) 30.9 (±7.2) kg m2); whey protein /PRT (n = 13), placebo/PRT (n = 17), and a control group (n = 10) completed the study. A significant main effect for time occurred for the bench press (p = 0.02), the squat (p < 0.0001), the deadlift (p = 0.001) and the shoulder press (p = 0.02) one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the intervention groups. CONCLUSION The PRT program increased maximal strength regardless of whey protein intake. The detraining period demonstrated minimal strength loss, which is beneficial to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takshita Sookan
- Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4000, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Ayesha Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4013, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa;
| | - Michael Ormsbee
- Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4000, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.O.); (A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie FL 33328, USA;
| | - Nombulelo Magula
- Department of Internal Medicine Durban, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4013, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa;
| | - Umesh Lalloo
- Department of Pulmonology Durban, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4013, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa;
| | - Andrew McKune
- Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4000, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.O.); (A.M.)
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia
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12
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The impact of performance status on tuberculosis-related death among elderly patients with lung tuberculosis: A competing risk regression analysis. J Infect Chemother 2019; 26:69-75. [PMID: 31375456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While advanced age is a main prognostic factor in patients with tuberculosis, the factors that specifically affect tuberculosis-related death are unclear because elderly people are at a risk for other age-related lethal diseases. We aimed to assess the impact of performance status on tuberculosis-related death among elderly patients with lung tuberculosis. Elderly patients (≥65 years of age) admitted to our hospital for bacteriologically-diagnosed lung tuberculosis were included, and analyzed the influence of performance status on tuberculosis-related in-hospital death, with non-tuberculosis-related death as a competing risk. Forty and 19 of the 275 patients died from tuberculosis-related causes and non-tuberculosis-related causes, respectively. The tuberculosis-related death group had a greater number of patients with a poor performance status (defined as category 3 and 4 [HR 21.022; 95%CI 2.881-153.414; p = 0.003]), a lower serum albumin level (HR 0.179; 95%CI 0.090-0.359; p < 0.001) and a higher C-reactive protein level (HR1.076; 95%CI 1.026-1.127; p = 0.002). A multivariate competing risk regression analysis showed that a poor performance status (HR 7.311; 95%CI 1.005-53.181; p = 0.049) and low albumin level (HR 0.228; 95%CI 0.099-0.524); p = 0.001) significantly predicted tuberculosis-related death. Performance status can be a useful scale for predicting tuberculosis-related death among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Zhang J, O’Leary A, Jemmott JB, Icard LD, Rutledge SE. Syndemic conditions predict lower levels of physical activity among African American men who have sex with men: A prospective survey study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213439. [PMID: 30865694 PMCID: PMC6415907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
African American men are disproportionately affected by, not only HIV/AIDS, but also chronic non-communicable diseases. Despite the known benefits of physical activity for reducing chronic non-communicable diseases, scant research has identified factors that may influence physical activity in this population. A growing literature centers on the syndemic theory, the notion that multiple adverse conditions interact synergistically, contributing to excess morbidity. This secondary data analysis examined two primary questions: whether syndemic conditions prospectively predicted physical activity, and whether, consistent with the syndemic theory, syndemic conditions interacted to predict physical activity. Participants were 595 African American men who have sex with men (MSM), a population underrepresented in health research, enrolled in a health-promotion intervention trial from 2008-2011. We used generalized-estimating-equations models to test the associations of syndemic conditions and resilience factors measured pre-intervention to self-reported physical activity 6 and 12 months post-intervention. As hypothesized, reporting more syndemic conditions pre-intervention predicted reporting less physical activity 6 and 12 months post-intervention, adjusting for the intervention. However, contrary to the syndemic theory, we did not find evidence for the interaction effects of syndemic conditions in predicting physical activity. Receiving high school education and having greater social network diversity predicted more physical activity whereas older age predicted less physical activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the syndemic theory in relation to physical activity. Although reporting a greater number of syndemic conditions was related to reduced physical activity, there was no evidence for synergy among syndemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ann O’Leary
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John B. Jemmott
- Annenberg School for Communication and Department of Psychiatry of Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Larry D. Icard
- School of Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Rutledge
- School of Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Wireless Physical Activity Monitor Use Among Adults Living With HIV: A Scoping Review. REHABILITATION ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Forde C, Loy A, O'Dea S, Mulcahy F, Gormley J, Daly C. Physical Activity is Associated with Metabolic Health in Men Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:1965-1971. [PMID: 28188461 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic health is a cause for concern among those living with HIV, especially those on antiretroviral therapy. Physical activity (PA) is known to benefit metabolic health, however, few studies have objectively measured PA or investigated the relationship between PA and metabolic health among those living with HIV. In this study, PA and indices of metabolic health among twenty men living with HIV and twenty age matched HIV-negative men were measured. PA was measured using Actigraph accelerometers. Components of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were measured using routine laboratory methods. Men living with HIV were significantly more physically active than HIV-negative men, and were reaching public PA guidelines. Significant inverse correlations between moderate PA and both insulin resistance (ρ -0.847; p < 0.001) and triglycerides (ρ -0.575; p = 0.013) were seen in those living with HIV. Results of this study emphasize the importance of an active lifestyle for those living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuisle Forde
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aisling Loy
- Department of Genito Urinary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan O'Dea
- Department of Genito Urinary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Mulcahy
- Department of Genito Urinary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Gormley
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline Daly
- Department of Cardiology, Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Vancampfort D, Mugisha J, Richards J, De Hert M, Probst M, Stubbs B. Physical activity correlates in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review of 45 studies. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:1618-1629. [PMID: 28325087 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1306587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation in persons living with HIV/AIDS is an essential first step in order to devise effective interventions. The present review provides a systematic quantitative review of the physical activity correlates in people with HIV/AIDS. METHODS Major electronic databases were searched till August 2016. Keywords included "physical activity" or "exercise" or "sports" and "AIDS" or "HIV". RESULTS Out of 55 correlates from 45 studies (N = 13,167; mean age range = 30.5-58.3 years; 63.2% male) five consistent (i.e., reported in four or more studies) correlates were identified. Lower levels of physical activity were consistently associated with older age (6/10 studies), a lower educational level (6/7), a lower number of CD4 cells/μl (7/11), exposure to antiviral therapy (4/6), and the presence of lipodystrophy (4/4). Other important barriers were the presence of bodily pain (2/2), depression (3/3), and opportunistic infections (3/4). Facilitators were a higher cardiorespiratory fitness level (3/3), a higher self-efficacy (2/2), more perceived benefits (2/2), and a better health motivation (3/3). CONCLUSIONS The current review has elucidated that participation in physical activity by people with HIV/AIDS is associated with a range of complex factors which should be considered in rehabilitation programs. Implications for Rehabilitation Health care professionals should consider HIV-related bodily pain and feelings of depression when assisting people living with HIV in inititiating and maintaining an active lifestyle. Interventions to improve self-efficacy and motivation, and to help people living with HIV in understanding the benefits of exercise, may encourage greater participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven-Kortenberg , Belgium
| | - James Mugisha
- c Butabika National Referral and Mental Health Hospital , Kampala , Uganda.,d Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Kyambogo University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Justin Richards
- e School of Public Health & Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Marc De Hert
- b University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven-Kortenberg , Belgium
| | - Michel Probst
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- f Department of Physiotherapy , South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.,g Department of Health Service and Population Research , King's College London , De Crespigny Park , London , UK
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Vancampfort D, Mugisha J, De Hert M, Probst M, Firth J, Gorczynski P, Stubbs B. Global physical activity levels among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 40:388-397. [PMID: 27929355 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1260645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is unclear how much physical activity people living with HIV (PLWH) engage in. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate physical activity levels and its predictors in PLWH. METHODS PubMed, PsycARTICLES, and CINAHL Plus were searched by two independent reviewers from inception till 1 April 2016 using the keywords: "HIV" OR "AIDS" AND "physical activity" OR "exercise" OR "sports". A random effects meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS Across 24 studies including 34 physical activity levels there were 3780 (2471♂) PLWH (mean age range: 37-58 years). PLWH spent 98.9 (95%CI = 64.8-133.1) minutes per day being physically active which is lower than in most other populations with chronic diseases. 50.7% (95%CI = 39.3-62%) (n = 2052) of PLWH complied with the physical activity guidelines of 150 min moderate intensity physical activity per week. The number of steps walked per day in 252 PLWH was 5899 (95%CI = 5678-6418), which is below the 10,000 steps per day recommendation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that a considerable proportion of PLWH are insufficiently physically active. Future lifestyle interventions specifically targeting the prevention of physical inactivity in PLWH are warranted. Implications for Rehabilitation Many people living with HIV do not comply with general health recommendations. Physical activity counseling should be key in the rehabilitation of people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Kortenberg , Belgium
| | - James Mugisha
- c Butabika National Referral and Mental Health Hospital , Kampala , Uganda.,d Kyambogo University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Marc De Hert
- b University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Kortenberg , Belgium
| | - Michel Probst
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- e Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Paul Gorczynski
- f Department of Sport and Exercise Science , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , Hampshire , UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- g Department of Physiotherapy , South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.,h Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , King's College London , London , UK
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Nieves-Lugo K, del Rio-Gonzalez AM, Reisen C, Poppen P, Oursler KK, Zea MC. Greater Depressive Symptoms and Higher Viral Load Are Associated with Poor Physical Function among Latino Men Living with HIV. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2016; 16:30-36. [PMID: 27029892 PMCID: PMC5375101 DOI: 10.1177/2325957416640363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical function limitations have been associated with poor health outcomes, which have a negative impact on quality of life of older individuals. This study examined the association between depression, viral load, and acculturation with physical function among Latino men living with HIV. A secondary data analysis was performed using a cross-sectional data of 146 Latino immigrant men living with HIV in New York City and Washington, DC. Physical function was measured using the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Uncontrolled HIV infection and depression were associated with worse physical function, thus implying the importance of adequate health care to address these conditions. Preserving physical function should start during middle adulthood, particularly among people living with HIV because of their greater risk of developing age-related challenges such as depression, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases among others. This study informs future interventions to preserve physical function and achieve the goal of successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Nieves-Lugo
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Carol Reisen
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul Poppen
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Krisann K. Oursler
- Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Maria Cecilia Zea
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Rehm KE, Konkle-Parker D. Physical activity levels and perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity in HIV-infected women living in the deep south of the United States. AIDS Care 2016; 28:1205-10. [PMID: 27023306 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1164802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) is important in maintaining health and increasing the overall quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH). The deep south of the USA is known for its high rate of sedentary behavior although data on the activity levels and perceptions of the benefits and barriers to exercise in women living with HIV in the deep south are lacking. Understanding the perceived benefits and barriers to exercise can guide the development of PA interventions. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the PA levels and perceived benefits and barriers to exercise associated with both age and depression level in a group of HIV+ women living in the deep south. We recruited a total of 50 participants from a cohort site for the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and benefits/barriers to exercise were measured using the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS). We measured PA both subjectively and objectively using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a Fitbit PA monitor, respectively. Our sample was predominantly African-American (96%) and the mean ±SD age, body mass index, and CES-D score were 42 ± 8.8 years, 36.6 ± 11.5 kg/m(2), and 15.6 ± 11.4, respectively. Both subjective and objective measures of PA indicated that our participants were sedentary. The greatest perceived benefit to exercise was physical performance and the greatest barrier to exercise was physical exertion. Higher overall perceived benefits were reported by women ≥43 years and women reporting higher levels of depression. There was no difference in overall barriers associated with age and depression level, but women with depression felt more fatigued by exercise. The results of this study can be helpful when designing and implementing PA interventions in women living with HIV in the deep south.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Rehm
- a Laboratory of Behavioral Immunology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy , University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson , MS , USA
| | - Deborah Konkle-Parker
- b Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson , MS , USA
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Leach LL, Bassett SH, Smithdorf G, Andrews BS, Travill AL. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in HIV+ Adults. Open AIDS J 2015; 9:66-79. [PMID: 26587075 PMCID: PMC4645834 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601509010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, physical activity and exercise have been used to positively impact the health and quality of life of persons infected with HIV and, more recently, has been associated with a spectrum of body composition changes. The aim of this review was to examine the effects of various exercise interventions on body composition in HIV positive adults, using a search strategy of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic review was performed by five independent reviewers using a predetermined protocol adapted from previous research for assessing the articles for inclusion, the extracted data, and methodological quality. Eight RCTs involving 430 (26% female) HIV positive adults performing exercise a minimum of thrice weekly for at least six weeks were finally selected: Four were progressive resistance training (PRT) studies, three were aerobic training (AT) studies, and one involved yoga. In the PRT studies, there were significant increases in three anthropometric measures, namely, body mass, sum of skinfolds and sum of limb girths. In the AT studies, significant decreases were found in seven anthropometric measures, namely, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body mass, triceps skinfold, waist circumference and sum of skinfolds. With yoga, the changes were non-significant. Exercise contributes to improved body composition and, when applied safely, appears to be beneficial for adults living with HIV/AIDS. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the relatively few RCTs published to date. Future studies would benefit from increased attention to sample size, female participants, participant follow-up, complete statistical analysis and intention-to-treat analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Leach
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S H Bassett
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Smithdorf
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B S Andrews
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A L Travill
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Grace JM, Semple SJ, Combrink S. Exercise therapy for human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients: Guidelines for clinical exercise therapists. J Exerc Sci Fit 2015; 13:49-56. [PMID: 29541099 PMCID: PMC5812861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected > 60 million people since its discovery and 30 million people have died since the pandemic began. Antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV infection from an acute to a chronic disease, increasing life expectancy but also adding to the potential side effects associated with drug therapy and the comorbidity accompanying longevity. Exercise can play a valuable role in the management of HIV/AIDS patients by addressing various symptoms and improving their quality of life, but the optimum mode, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise that take the different clinical stages of the disease into consideration are inadequately known. Searches of Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, CINAHL database, HealthSTAR, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and SPORTDiscus were conducted between 2000 and January 2014. Searches of published and unpublished abstracts were conducted, as well as a hand search of reference lists and tables of contents of relevant journals and books. Identified studies were reviewed for methodological quality. A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies failed to indicate the optimum type (mode), intensity, frequency, and duration of aerobic and progressive resistive exercise prescribed to HIV-infected individuals in relation to the different clinical stages of the disease. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations after revision of exercise guidelines for HIV patients, by highlighting practical guidelines that clinical exercise therapists should consider when prescribing exercise for patients in different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Grace
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Biokinetics and Sport Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa
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Johnson ET, Lynch RT, Chan F, Bezyak J, Mahr M. Expanding the Health Action and Process Approach to Predict Physical Activity in African Americans With HIV/AIDS. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355215573794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated an expanded Health Action and Process Approach (HAPA) as a health-promotion model of physical activity/exercise behavior for African Americans living with HIV/AIDS. Predictions of physical activity/exercise participation were investigated among 110 African Americans living with HIV/AIDS. Results indicate the expanded HAPA model accounts for 35% of the variance in physical activity/exercise participation. The most significant predictor variables were symptom severity, outcome expectancy, and action and coping planning. Action and coping planning also partially mediated the relationship between physical activity/exercise intention and behavior. Results of the study provide partial support for the use of this expanded HAPA model in the design and implementation of health-promotion behavioral interventions targeting physical activity/exercise for Africana Americans with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fong Chan
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
| | - Jill Bezyak
- University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, USA
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Physical activity and health outcomes among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: a longitudinal mediational analysis. Ann Behav Med 2014; 46:149-56. [PMID: 23483379 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-013-9489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low physical activity is associated with depression, which may, in turn, negatively impact antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among HIV-infected individuals; however, prior studies have not investigated the relationships between physical inactivity and ART non-adherence. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical inactivity, depression, ART non-adherence, and viral load in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. METHODS The sample (N = 860) was from a large, multicenter cohort of HIV-infected patients engaged in clinical care. RESULTS Across time, depression mediated the relationship between physical inactivity and ART non-adherence (γ = 0.075) and the relationship between physical inactivity and viral load (γ = 0.05). ART non-adherence mediated the relationship between depression and viral load (γ = 0.002) and the relationship between physical inactivity and viral load (γ = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Low levels of physical activity predicted increased depression and poor ART adherence over time, which subsequently predicted higher viral load.
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Roos R, Myezwa H, van Aswegen H. "Not easy at all but I am trying": barriers and facilitators to physical activity in a South African cohort of people living with HIV participating in a home-based pedometer walking programme. AIDS Care 2014; 27:235-9. [PMID: 25174986 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2014.951309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of physical activity is encouraged in people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) as a means of promoting wellness and health. Adherence to programmes that promote exercise is often reduced, and home-based programmes are suggested to improve adherence. This study investigated the personal and environmental factors that cause barriers and facilitators of physical activity in a home-based pedometer walking programme as a means of highlighting adherence challenges. An observational study nested in a randomised controlled trial was conducted in a cohort of South African PLWHA on antiretroviral therapy over a six-month period. Descriptive analysis and qualitative content analysis of 42 participants who underwent physical activity modification assisted with data review. The mean age of the sample was 38.7 (±8.9) years, consisted mostly of women (n = 35; 83.3%) who were employed (n = 19; 45.2%) but earning very little (less than R500 per month) and often single or widowed (n = 23; 54.8%). Barriers to physical activity identified included physical complaints, e.g., low-energy levels; psychological complaints, e.g., stress levels; family responsibility, e.g., being primary caregivers; the physical environment, e.g., adverse weather conditions; social environment, e.g., domestic abuse and crime; and workplace, e.g., being in a sedentary job. Facilitators of physical activity included support and encouragement from friends and family, religious practices during worship and community environment, e.g., having access to parks and sport fields. The study is of benefit as it highlights personal and environmental factors that need to be considered when developing or implementing a home-based walking programme in PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronel Roos
- a Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , Republic of South Africa
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Physical activity and capacity at initiation of antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients in Ethiopia. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:1048-58. [PMID: 25034136 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY We described levels of habitual physical activity and physical capacity in HIV patients initiating antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia and assessed the role of HIV and nutritional indicators on these outcomes. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and activity levels were measured with combined heart rate and movement sensors. Physical capacity was assessed by grip strength, sleeping heart rate and heart rate economy. Grip strength data was also available from a sex- and age-matched HIV-negative reference group. Median PAEE was 27.9 (interquartile range 17.4-39.8) kJ/kg per day and mean ± s.d. grip strength was 23.6 ± 6.7 kg. Advanced HIV disease predicted reduced levels of both physical activity and capacity; e.g. each unit viral load [log(1+copies/ml)] was associated with -15% PAEE (P < 0.001) and -1.0 kg grip strength (P < 0.001). Grip strength was 4.2 kg lower in patients compared to HIV-negative individuals (P < 0.001). Low body mass index (BMI) predicted poor physical activity and capacity independently of HIV status, e.g. BMI <16 was associated with -42% PAEE (P < 0.001) and -6.8 kg grip strength (P < 0.001) compared to BMI ≥18.5. The study shows that advanced HIV and malnutrition are associated with considerably lower levels of physical activity and capacity in patients at initiation of antiretroviral treatment.
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Jaggers JR, Prasad VK, Dudgeon WD, Blair SN, Sui X, Burgess S, Hand GA. Associations between physical activity and sedentary time on components of metabolic syndrome among adults with HIV. AIDS Care 2014; 26:1387-92. [PMID: 24861098 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2014.920075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent data show that people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which could possibly be explained by an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) due to the known toxicities associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between physical activity (PA) and components of MetSyn in a sample of PLWHA taking ART. A total of 31 males and 32 females living with HIV and currently taking ART were enrolled in a home-based PA intervention aimed to reduce risk factors for CVD. Clinical assessments included measures of resting blood pressure (BP), waist circumference, height, weight, PA levels via accelerometer, and a fasted blood draw. Components of MetSyn were divided into three clusters (1 = 0-1; 2 = 2; 3 = 3 or more). A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine differences between clusters. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify significant associations between moderate intensity PA (MPA) and sedentary time among components of MetSyn. MPA was significantly lower across MetSyn clusters (p < 0.001), whereas sedentary time was significantly higher (p = 0.01). A multiple linear regression showed MPA to be a significant predictor of waist circumference after controlling for age, race, gender, and sedentary time. Routine PA can be beneficial in helping PLWHA reduce waist circumference ultimately leading to metabolic improvements. This in turn would help PLWHA self-manage known components of MetSyn, thus reducing their risk of CVD and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Jaggers
- a Department of Applied Health Sciences , Murray State University , Murray , KY , USA
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27
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Nkengfack GN, Torimiro JN, Ngogang J, Binting S, Roll S, Tinnemann P, Englert H. Effects of an HIV-Care-Program on immunological parameters in HIV-positive patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon: a cluster-randomized trial. Int J Public Health 2014; 59:509-17. [PMID: 24589725 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the effects of an HIV-Care-Program, focusing on nutrition and lifestyle, which can be provided at scale to HIV-infected patients, on clinical and anthropometrical parameters, and health status. METHODS A cluster-randomized trial, including 5 health facilities randomized to intervention n = 100 (HIV-Care-Program) or control n = 101 (Usual-Care). The HIV-Care-Program consisted of counseling lessons for 6 months, on: nutrition, hygiene, coping with stigma and discrimination, embedded in practical activities. Outcome variables were CD4 count after 6 months and time to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) initiation, using analysis of covariance and Kaplan-Meier method, respectively. RESULTS After 6 months, CD4 count dropped by 46.3 cells (7.7%) (intervention) and 129 (23%) (control) (p = 0.003). Mean time to ARV; 5.9 months 95% CI (5.9, 6.0) (intervention); 4.9 months 95% CI (4.7, 5.2) (control) (p < 0.004). There was a partial correlation between CD4 count and initial viral load (r = -0.190, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The intervention provides a low-cost alternative improving health status, slowing down CD4 cell decline, delaying initiation of ARV and thus freeing local ARV capacities for patients in urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine N Nkengfack
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Center, Berlin, Germany,
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Ley C, Barrio MR. A narrative review of research on the effects of physical activity on people living with HIV and opportunities for health promotion in disadvantaged settings. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2012; 11:123-33. [DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2012.698079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lagrange RD, Mitchell SJ, Lewis M, Abramowitz S, D'Angelo LJ. Health Protective Behaviors among Young People Living with HIV/AIDS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; S1. [PMID: 23293748 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.s1-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Young people living with HIV/AIDS (YPLH) in the post-HAART era have the potential to manage their HIV as a chronic illness rather than as an almost inevitable terminal disease. However, little is known about behaviors YPLH can engage in to promote or protect health beyond taking anti-retroviral (ARV) medicines. The current study fills an important gap in existing research by identifying correlates of Health Protective Behaviors (HPB) within an urban sample of YPLH. Participants (n=134) were recruited from two pediatric clinics serving adolescents living with HIV who met the following criteria: HIV-infected and aware of their status, 13-24 years old, residing in the Washington, DC metropolitan area, currently prescribed ARV or due to begin ARV within 3 months, and able to understand and sign a written consent form. Each participant was interviewed via Audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) and reported the percentage of possible time they engaged in six HPB during the prior month using a 10-point scale (e.g., 5=50%). Results indicate that most patients engaged in the measured health protective behaviors more than half the time, although patients 18 and older engaged in all HPB less frequently than their younger counterparts. Patients with adherence > 90% were far more likely to engage in HPB than those with poorer adherence. The age differences in HPB highlight a need for broader scaffolding in the transition to independent living and adult health care. Given the relationship between adherence and HPB, the establishment and maintenance of healthy lifestyle practices early in adolescence can translate into positive long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Lagrange
- Center for Clinical and Community Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Martin F, Caramlau IO, Sutcliffe P, Martin S, Bayley J, Choudhry K. Self-management interventions for people living with HIV/AIDS. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Somarriba G, Neri D, Schaefer N, Miller TL. The effect of aging, nutrition, and exercise during HIV infection. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2010; 2:191-201. [PMID: 22096398 PMCID: PMC3218696 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s9069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical advances continue to change the face of human immunodeficiency virus- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). As life expectancy increases, the number of people living with HIV rises, presenting new challenges for the management of a chronic condition. Aging, nutrition, and physical activity can influence outcomes in other chronic conditions, and emerging data show that each of these factors can impact viral replication and the immune system in HIV. HIV infection results in a decline of the immune system through the depletion of CD4+ T cells. From initial infection, viral replication is a continuous phenomenon. Immunosenescence, a hallmark of aging, results in an increased susceptibility to infections secondary to a delayed immune response, and this phenomenon may be increased in HIV-infected patients. Optimal nutrition is an important adjunct in the clinical care of patients with HIV. Nutritional interventions may improve the quality and span of life and symptom management, support the effectiveness of medications, and improve the patient's resistance to infections and other disease complications by altering immunity. Moderate physical activity can improve many immune parameters, reduce the risk of acute infection, and combat metabolic abnormalities. As people with HIV age, alternative therapies such as nutrition and physical activity may complement medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Somarriba
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniela Neri
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Natasha Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tracie L Miller
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Fekete E, Geaghan TR, Druley JA. Affective and behavioural reactions to positive and negative health-related social control in HIV+men. Psychol Health 2010; 24:501-15. [PMID: 20205008 DOI: 10.1080/08870440801894674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined associations between the receipt of positive and negative health-related social control (i.e. influence) from a primary network member, affective and behavioural reactions (i.e. behaviour change) to social control, and psychosocial well-being in a cross-sectional study of 91 HIV+ men living with HIV (MLWH). Receiving positive control was associated with more self-care behaviours, more active coping efforts, and fewer depressive symptoms. In contrast, receiving negative control was associated with fewer self-care behaviours and more depressive symptoms. Negative affective reactions to control mediated the associations between positive and negative control and depressive symptoms, and between positive control and active coping efforts. Behaviour change only mediated the association between positive control and self-care behaviours. Post-hoc analyses further revealed that men who were not at risk for clinical depression engaged in more behaviour change as a result of receiving negative control. Social control that elicits behaviour change and does not arouse negative affect is effective in promoting better self-care behaviours and psychosocial well-being in MLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Fekete
- University of Miami, Psychology, Coral Gables, 33146, USA.
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Littlewood RA, Vanable PA, Carey MP, Blair DC. The association of benefit finding to psychosocial and health behavior adaptation among HIV+ men and women. J Behav Med 2008; 31:145-55. [PMID: 18157689 PMCID: PMC2566550 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-007-9142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Psychological and behavioral adaptation to HIV is integral to long-term survival. Although most research on coping with HIV has focused on factors associated with poor adaptation, recent research has expanded to include positive concomitants of adaptation, such as benefit finding. This study examined the occurrence of benefit finding among HIV+ men and women and evaluated the potential relevance of benefit finding to positive health behavior and psychosocial adaptation. HIV+ participants (N = 221) recruited during outpatient care completed self-report assessments of benefit finding, social support, depression, HAART adherence, substance use, and physical activity. In a series of multivariate analyses that controlled for demographic and health status variables, benefit finding was associated with lower depression scores, greater social support, and more physical activity, but showed no association to HAART adherence or substance use. The association of benefit finding to depression was partially mediated by differences in social support. Thus, benefit finding may improve psychological adjustment by motivating patients who experience stress-related growth to seek social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae A Littlewood
- Department of Psychology, Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-2340, USA
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Abstract
HIV/AIDS is considered a worldwide pandemic, with continued increases in the number of newly diagnosed cases and persons living long-term with the disease. Athletes may be at risk of infection based on behaviors associated with participation in their sport and away from competition. The sports medicine physician must be aware of the risk of HIV/AIDS in the athlete, diagnosis and treatment options, the effect of HIV/AIDS on exercise, and strategies for prevention of HIV/AIDS in athletic competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley L Clem
- Ohio Orthopedic Center of Excellence, Upper Arlington, OH 43220, USA
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Smit E, Crespo CJ, Semba RD, Jaworowicz D, Vlahov D, Ricketts EP, Ramirez-Marrero FA, Tang AM. Physical activity in a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative injection drug users. AIDS Care 2007; 18:1040-5. [PMID: 17012097 DOI: 10.1080/09540120600580926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is beneficial for persons with HIV infection but little is known about the relationships between physical activity, HIV treatment and injection drug use (IDU). This study compared physical activity levels between HIV-negative and HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) and between HIV-positive participants not on any treatment and participants on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Anthropometric measurements were obtained and an interviewer-administered modified Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire was administered to 324 participants in a sub-study of the AIDS Linked to Intravenous Experiences (ALIVE) cohort, an ongoing study of HIV-negative and HIV-positive IDUs. Generalized linear models were used to obtain univariate means and to adjust for confounding (age, gender, employment and recent IDU). Vigorous activity was lower among HAART participants than HIV-positive participants not on treatment (p=0.0025) and somewhat lower than HIV-negative participants (p=0.11). Injection drug use and viral load were not associated with vigorous activity. Energy expenditure in vigorous activity was also lower among HAART participants than both HIV-negative and HIV-positive participants not on treatment. Thus, HIV-positive participants on HAART spend less time on vigorous activity independent of recent IDU. More research is needed into the reasons and mechanism for the lack of vigorous activities, including behavioral, psychological and physiological reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smit
- School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA.
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Pieper BA, Templin T, Ebright JR. Ankle mobility in relation to chronic venous insufficiency in HIV-positive persons with and without a history of injection drug use. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2006; 17:30-8. [PMID: 16849087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine ankle mobility in relation to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in HIV-positive persons with and without a history of injection drug use (IDU) and to examine the extent to which peripheral neuropathy further reduced ankle mobility. A cross-sectional, stratified design with quota sampling was used to recruit 27 persons with no history of IDU and 46 with a history of IDU from an infectious diseases clinic. Goniometric measurements of forefoot inversion-eversion and dorsiflexion-plantar flexion were obtained. CVI was assessed on a clinical scale. Peripheral neuropathy was identified from chart review and self-report. Injection drug users had less ankle flexion-extension right, inversion-eversion left and right, and total ankle motion than those who did not inject drugs (p < .05). Neuropathy was not associated with less mobility of the ankle joint (p < .01). A causal model supported the hypothesis of ankle mobility as a mediator of the effect of IDU on CVI.
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