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Sheinfil AZ, Firkey M, Bucci V, Gjoka M, Woolf-King SE. A Mixed-Methods Approach to Develop a Combined Model of U.S. College Student Alcohol-Associated Condomless Sex. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1499-1518. [PMID: 38429569 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Unhealthy alcohol use and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are significant public health concerns for US college students. Because alcohol use and condomless sex often co-occur in this population, alcohol-associated condomless sex has been identified as a behavioral intervention target. Existing theoretical frameworks have not garnered sufficient empirical support to serve as the foundation for interventions. The primary goal of the current study was to use a mixed-methods approach to develop a model of college student alcohol-associated condomless sex that combines elements from well-established health behavior theories. In Aim 1, multilevel modeling was used to predict condomless vaginal sex in a sample of heterosexual college student drinkers (N = 53). Aim 2 consisted of in-depth interviews (n = 18) to gather perceptions about the role of alcohol in sexual activity and identify supplemental constructs omitted from theories in Aim 1. The multilevel model explained a significant proportion of variance in condomless vaginal sex at the between- and within-person level. Themes derived from the in-depth interviews identified complementary elements of condom use decision-making. Findings from both aims were synthesized to construct a combined model of alcohol-associated condomless sex. This model can be further refined and ultimately serve as the foundation of an alcohol-STI prevention-intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Z Sheinfil
- Center of Innovation in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2450 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77021, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, South Central Mental Illness Research Education Clinical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Madison Firkey
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Veronica Bucci
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mikaela Gjoka
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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2
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Carmack C, Roncancio AM, Gerecht L, Ansari M. Perceived partner beliefs about condoms and self-efficacy communication within the context of the theory of gender and power. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:1424-1437. [PMID: 32168397 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The theory of gender and power provides a unique framework for understanding condom use by accounting for distinct challenges faced by minority women in particular. This study examined whether self-efficacy about condom use communication (SECC) and perceived partner's beliefs about condom (PPBC) use had an influence on condom use frequency; and whether these associations varied by gender. A sample of 252 African-American college students (101 males and 151 females) completed a confidential online survey assessing SECC, PPBC, and condom use behavior. SECC and PPBC showed significant associations with condom use behavior. Furthermore, there was a gender interaction effect with PPBC on condom use behavior. As PPBC increases toward positive associations about condom use, condom use behavior increased significantly more for females (B = 0.42; p = .02) as compared to males (B = 0.26; p = .19). This study supports the need to teach young women effective communication skills in order for them to accurately assess what their partner thinks about condom-related behaviors; and ultimately not allow partner discouragement to influence their decisions to use condoms. Interventions aimed at reducing risky sexual behavior on predominantly Black college campuses, in particular, may benefit from directly addressing relationship power and focusing on building self-efficacy in communicating condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakema Carmack
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Angelica M Roncancio
- Health and Behavioral Science, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Lena Gerecht
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohammed Ansari
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Patterson Y. Intragroup Differences among African Jamaican and African American Women: Empowerment, Male Condom-use Intentions and Negotiation. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 34:260-278. [PMID: 30916619 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2019.1589612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
African American/Black women's rate of HIV infection has been explored along several variables. Understanding how the epidemic affects different ethnic groups of women is crucial in developing effective prevention strategies. There remains a gap in knowledge around the effects of ethnicity on the rate of infection among the culturally diverse groups of women living in the U.S. subsumed under the label African American/Black. The purpose of the study is to explore whether cultural differences exist among African Jamaican and African American women that may affect their empowerment and condom-use intentions, placing them at a more heightened risk of contracting HIV. The results indicate that women's sense of power, either in their relationships or within themselves, was not related to their condom-use self-efficacy or condom-use intentions. Although none of the five hypotheses was fully supported, related significant findings suggest that women's level of acculturation was negatively related to their intentions to negotiate condom use. The longer women were in the United States, the lower their condom-use intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Patterson
- a Department of Social Work , Central Connecticut State University , New Britain , CT , USA
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Siegel K, Meunier É, Lekas HM. Accounts for Unprotected Sex with Partners Met Online from Heterosexual Men and Women from Large US Metropolitan Areas. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2017; 31:315-328. [PMID: 28590778 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2017.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For about 30 years, soon after the onset of the AIDS epidemic, sexual-health messaging has emphasized personal responsibility for using condoms to protect from acquiring or transmitting HIV or other sexually transmitted infections. Those who did not use condoms during casual sexual encounters may therefore feel compelled to offer to others aware of their behavior what sociologists have called "accounts," an impression-management strategy to avoid unfavorable judgment. We analyzed accounts-excuses and justifications-from qualitative interviews with 150 adults who had unprotected sex in the past 3 months with at least two different partners met online (ages 18-50, mean: 33.7, equally divided among black, Hispanic, and white men and women, over half were college educated and the median yearly household income range was $50-$75,000). Many participants made excuses that aimed to defer responsibility for unprotected sex: they claimed that consistently practicing safer sex was impossible, that they got carried away by sexual passion, that they were inebriated, that they were influenced by emotional or psychological problems, or they put fault on their partners. Participants also provided justifications, claiming that unsafe sex had been acceptable because the risks taken were likely minimal or negotiated with their partner. Understanding the accounts heterosexual adults offer to excuse and justify condomless sex with partners met online can be helpful in developing prevention messages that debunk these explanations for their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolynn Siegel
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Étienne Meunier
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Helen-Maria Lekas
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
- Nathan Kline Institute for Mental Health Research, Orangeburg, New York
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5
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Træen B, Hovland A. Games people play: sex, alcohol and condom use among urban Norwegians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/009145099802500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
What makes adults have unprotected casual sex under the influence of alcohol? In 1995 afield qualitative study on alcohol and sexuality was undertaken among 33 guests to three clubs designed to attract people from different social layers in Oslo. Men were reluctant to use condoms because of reduced pleasure and sensation. Females’ problems dealt with social stigmatization and with what was sought in the sexual encounter. Condoms were not likely to be used if the woman used oral contraception. The informants trusted the partner would tell of diseases. Trusting was connected to the partner's social status. In love contexts, the symbolic value of sex without condoms may be greater than for sex with condoms. In non-love contexts, condom use was connected to acting responsibly. The informants tended to blame the alcohol for not using condoms. However, rather than failing to use condoms, people more likely never intended to use them.
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Dalrymple J, Booth J, Flowers P, Lorimer K. Psychosocial factors influencing risk-taking in middle age for STIs. Sex Transm Infect 2016; 93:32-38. [PMID: 27388457 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To increase the knowledge of the psychosocial factors influencing sexual risk-taking for STIs among adults in late middle age. METHODS Individual interviews were conducted either face to face or by telephone with 31 heterosexual men and women aged between 45 and 65. They were recruited from NHS sexual health services (n=16) and council run culture and leisure facilities (n=15) in a large Scottish city. A total of 18 women and 13 men were interviewed. All interviews were transcribed in full and thematically analysed. RESULTS Analysis detailed important psychosocial and sociocultural factors; the prioritisation of intimacy above and beyond concerns about risks for STI in sexual partnerships; the importance of unwanted pregnancy in shaping risk perceptions throughout the life course; vulnerability associated with periods of relationship transition (eg, bereavement, divorce or separation); social norms and cultural expectations relating to age-appropriate sexual and health-seeking behaviours. CONCLUSIONS This is the first qualitative study to examine the factors associated with sexual risk-taking among heterosexual adults in late middle age in the UK. Many factors associated with sexual risk-taking are similar to those reported within other populations. However, we also detail population-specific factors, which should be considered in terms of the development of interventions for 'at risk' older adults, or the tailoring of wider behaviour change interventions to this specific age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Dalrymple
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanne Booth
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Flowers
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Lorimer
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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Boyle ME, Smith S, Liao LM. Adult Genital Surgery for Intersex: A Solution to What Problem? J Health Psychol 2016; 10:573-84. [PMID: 16014393 DOI: 10.1177/1359105305053431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The desirability of routine genital surgery for infants with ambiguous genitalia is increasingly debated. But there is less discussion about intersex adults who choose genital surgery, despite evidence suggesting that the results are often unsatisfactory. This study reports on how six women with intersex conditions decided to have feminizing genital surgery and how they evaluated the outcomes. The initial analysis highlighted a chronological transition from surgery as nondilemmatic to surgery as a serious dilemma; a version of Foucauldian discourse analysis was then used to place the women’s experiences in a cultural context. The implications for psychological involvement in services for women with intersex conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Boyle
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, UK.
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Harawa NT, Obregon NB, McCuller WJ. Partnerships between Black Women and Behaviorally Bisexual Men: Implications for HIV Risk and Prevention. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2014; 18:570-891. [PMID: 25422580 PMCID: PMC4239658 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-014-9227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although an estimated 87% of new HIV infections in Black/African American women are attributed to sex with men, many women are unaware of their male partners' HIV risk factors. Research on women who are aware of a high-risk male partner may inform HIV prevention. We analyzed transcripts from semi-structured interviews with 20 Black women who reported sex with at least one man who had sex with men and women (MSMW) in the prior 5 years. We applied Choice and Sexual Network theories to the interpretation. The majority described their partnerships as committed and involving emotional or instrumental support. Substance abuse was a common component of the relationships and very few involved consistent condom use. Although nearly all respondents described it as alarming to learn of their partners' involvement with other men and several ended the relationships, many continued the relationships without protective changes in their sex behavior. These narratives indicate that although many leave, many other women remain in relationships after learning of a male partners' high-risk activity. Substance abuse, financial instability, and a desire to remain in intimate partnerships may discourage preventive actions in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina T Harawa
- Department of Research, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nora B Obregon
- Department of Research, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - William J McCuller
- Department of Research, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
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Otieno FO, Ndivo R, Oswago S, Pals S, Chen R, Thomas T, Kunneke E, Mills LA, McLellan-Lemal E. Correlates of prevalent sexually transmitted infections among participants screened for an HIV incidence cohort study in Kisumu, Kenya. Int J STD AIDS 2014; 26:225-37. [PMID: 24810218 DOI: 10.1177/0956462414532447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We determined the prevalence of four sexually transmitted infections and the demographic and behavioural correlates associated with having one or more sexually transmitted infections among participants in an HIV incidence cohort study in Kisumu, western Kenya. Participants were enrolled from a convenience sample and underwent aetiologic sexually transmitted infection investigation. Demographic and behavioural information were collected and basic clinical evaluation performed. Multiple regression analysis was done to determine variables associated with having one or more sexually transmitted infections. We screened 846, 18- to 34-year-olds. One-third had at least one sexually transmitted infection with specific prevalence being: syphilis, 1.6%; gonorrhoea, 2.4%; herpes simplex virus type-2, 29.1%; chlamydia, 2.8%; and HIV, 14.8%. Odds of having any sexually transmitted infection were higher among participants who were women, were aged 20-24 or 30-34 years compared to 18-19 years, had secondary or lower education compared to tertiary education, were divorced, widowed or separated compared to singles, reported having unprotected sex compared to those who did not, reported previous sexually transmitted infection treatment, and tested HIV-positive. Multiple strategies are needed to address the overall high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections as well as the gender disparity found in this Kenyan population. Structural interventions may be beneficial in addressing educational and socio-economic barriers, and increasing the uptake of health-promoting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Odhiambo Otieno
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC Program, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Richard Ndivo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC Program, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Simon Oswago
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC Program, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Sherri Pals
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Infectious Diseases, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Infectious Diseases, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy Thomas
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Infectious Diseases, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ernesta Kunneke
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa A Mills
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Infectious Diseases, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eleanor McLellan-Lemal
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Infectious Diseases, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Senn TE, Carey MP, Coury-Doniger P. Mediators of the relation between childhood sexual abuse and women's sexual risk behavior: a comparison of two theoretical frameworks. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2012; 41:1363-77. [PMID: 22282323 PMCID: PMC3351532 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with sexual risk behavior in adulthood, but little research has investigated processes that might mediate this relation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether constructs suggested by the traumagenic dynamics (TD) model (a theory of the effects of CSA) or constructs suggested by the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model (a theory of the antecedents of sexual risk behavior) better mediated the relation between CSA and sexual risk behavior in adulthood. Participants were 481 women attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic (66% African American) who completed a computerized survey as well as behavioral simulations assessing condom application and sexual assertiveness skills. Forty-five percent of the sample met criteria for CSA and CSA was associated with sexual risk behavior in adulthood. In multiple mediator models, the TD constructs mediated the relation between CSA and the number of sexual partners whereas the IMB constructs mediated the relation between CSA and unprotected sex. In addition, the TD constructs better mediated the relation between CSA and the number of sexual partners; the TD and IMB constructs did not differ in their ability to mediate the relation between CSA and unprotected sex. Sexual risk reduction interventions for women who were sexually abused should target not only the constructs from health behavior models (e.g., motivation and skills to reduce sexual risk), but also constructs that are specific to sexual abuse (e.g., traumatic sexualization and guilt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Senn
- Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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11
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Jones L, Akugizibwe P, Clayton M, Amon JJ, Sabin ML, Bennett R, Stegling C, Baggaley R, Kahn JG, Holmes CB, Garg N, Obermeyer CM, Mack CD, Williams P, Smyth C, Vitoria M, Crowley S, Williams B, McClure C, Granich R, Hirnschall G. Costing human rights and community support interventions as a part of universal access to HIV treatment and care in a Southern African setting. Curr HIV Res 2012; 9:416-28. [PMID: 21999777 PMCID: PMC3531822 DOI: 10.2174/157016211798038614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has both individual health benefits and potential to decrease HIV incidence. Ensuring access to HIV services is a significant human rights issue and successful programmes require adequate human rights protections and community support. However, the cost of specific human rights and community support interventions for equitable, sustainable and non-discriminatory access to ART are not well described. Human rights and community support interventions were identified using the literature and through consultations with experts. Specific costs were then determined for these health sector interventions. Population and epidemic data were provided through the Statistics South Africa 2009 national mid-year estimates. Costs of scale up of HIV prevention and treatment were taken from recently published estimates. Interventions addressed access to services, minimising stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV, confidentiality, informed consent and counselling quality. Integrated HIV programme interventions included training for counsellors, ‘Know Your Rights’ information desks, outreach campaigns for most at risk populations, and adherence support. Complementary measures included post-service interviews, human rights abuse monitoring, transportation costs, legal assistance, and funding for human rights and community support organisations. Other essential non-health sector interventions were identified but not included in the costing framework. The annual costs for the human rights and community support interventions are United States (US) $63.8 million (US $1.22 per capita), representing 1.5% of total health sector HIV programme costs. Respect for human rights and community engagement can be understood both as an obligation of expanded ART programmes and as a critically important factor in their success. Basic rights-based and community support interventions constitute only a small percentage of overall programmes costs. ART programs should consider measuring the cost and impact of human rights and community support interventions as key aspects of successful programme expansion.
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12
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Watson WK, Bell NJ. Narratives of development, experiences of risk: Adult women's perspectives on relationships and safer sex. Br J Health Psychol 2010; 10:311-27. [PMID: 16238851 DOI: 10.1348/135910705x26759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mid-life women are increasingly at risk for HIV/AIDS, yet relatively few studies have targeted this age group. In this study, we explored views of relationships and safer sex practices among eight well-educated, single, heterosexual adult women through in-depth interviews and supplemental questionnaires. The women viewed themselves as competent, responsible, and mature in terms of their relationship and sexual choices. However, their actual sexual practices, and reasons given for these practices, were similar to those of adolescents and of inner-city women living in high-risk environments. Findings are significant in highlighting the power and importance of relationship factors, especially trust, as these relate to safer sex practices and prevention initiatives.
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13
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Ip WY, Sin LL, Chan DS. Contraceptive self-efficacy and contraceptive knowledge of Hong Kong Chinese women with unplanned pregnancy. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18:2416-25. [PMID: 19619204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yim Ip
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR.
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14
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Olsen A, Banwell C, Dance P. Internal or Infernal Devices: Experiences of Contraception Among Australian Women Living With Hepatitis C. Health Care Women Int 2009; 30:456-74. [DOI: 10.1080/07399330902797591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Cole J, Logan TK, Shannon L. Risky sexual behavior among women with protective orders against violent male partners. AIDS Behav 2007; 11:103-12. [PMID: 16673157 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-006-9085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe risky sexual behaviors among women with protective orders against violent male partners (N=673), as well as to examine associations of relationship factors, psychological abuse, severity of partner violence, sexual violence, and women's substance abuse with risky sexual behavior. An HIV sexual risk index was computed based on the participant's self-reported risky sexual behavior, the participants' estimations of the abusive partner's extra dyadic sexual behavior and the abusive partner's illicit drug use. The majority of women engaged in risky sexual practices and had partners who engaged in risky sexual practices. Results of OLS regression analysis showed that the participant's age, length of the participant's relationship with the abusive partner, severity of physical violence, substance abuse/dependence (alcohol and illicit drug) were significantly associated with risky sexual behavior. Implications for future research and HIV prevention interventions with partner violence victims are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cole
- University of Kentucky, Center on drug and Alcohol Research, 1141 Red Mile Rd., Ste. 201, Lexington, KY 40504, USA.
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17
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Khan SI, Hudson-Rodd N, Saggers S, Bhuiyan MI, Bhuiya A. Safer sex or pleasurable sex? Rethinking condom use in the AIDS era. Sex Health 2006; 1:217-25. [PMID: 16335753 DOI: 10.1071/sh04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Condom use in Bangladesh is low despite nationwide family planning initiatives and HIV interventions. METHODS Fifty men aged between 18 and 55 years from diverse socio-demographic backgrounds and five key informants were interviewed in a qualitative male sexuality study. RESULTS Refusal to use condoms is not only a personal choice, but pertains to relationships. The meanings of reduced bodily pleasure associated with condom use are socially constructed. Men's emotions and trust expressed through understanding of direct penile-vaginal contact and ejaculation inside the vagina as 'pure' and 'natural' sex oppose condom use. Sexual prowess in the form of prolonged intercourse without condoms, as depicted in Western pornography, was perceived as a 'real man's' sexual skill. Men sought to preserve a 'good man's' image by avoiding condoms, which symbolised promiscuous men in AIDS educational messages. CONCLUSION Social dimensions of masculine sexuality, pleasure, eroticism and the emotional aspect of men's lives have to be addressed for effective condom promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharful Islam Khan
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Unit, ICDDR, B: Centre for Health and Population Research, Bangladesh, GPO Box 128, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
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18
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Thomas M. 'What happens in Tenerife stays in Tenerife': Understanding women's sexual behaviour on holiday. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2005; 7:571-84. [PMID: 16864223 DOI: 10.1080/13691050500256807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has drawn attention to the epidemiological importance of international travel in the spread of HIV. Drawing on data generated in focus groups and in depth interviews with women holiday travellers, this paper explores the context of sexual risk behaviour of women on holiday. These data suggest that freedom from the constraints and realities of domestic life is a crucial aspect of the holiday experience. It is argued that holidays are a 'liminoid period' in which norms of behaviour are temporarily abandoned. Furthermore, on holiday, time becomes 'compressed'. Thus relationships follow a similar pattern to that they would at home however over a much shorter time period. Time compression and liminality lead to the rapid establishment of trust in new relationships. This has implications for sexual risk: women have sexual intercourse more quickly with a new partner on holiday than they do at home. Unqualified trust in relative strangers also raises issues for women's general safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Thomas
- Seafarers International Research Centre, Cardiff University, UK.
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19
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Rusch ML, Farzadegan H, Tarwater PM, Safaeian M, Vlahov D, Strathdee SA. Sexual risk behavior among injection drug users before widespread availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Behav 2005; 9:289-99. [PMID: 16133905 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-005-9003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HIV testing and counseling has been associated with reductions in risk behaviors in some populations. This study examined whether involvement in a long-term study, including exposure to repeated HIV testing and counseling, was associated with increased condom use among injection drug users (IDUs) through a retrospective analysis of an IDU cohort from Baltimore, MD, during 1994-1998. Eligibility included being aged 18 years or older, injecting within 10 years and not having initiated antiretroviral therapy. A logistic model of high versus low risk, based on condom use, was used. Of 322 eligible IDUs, most were male (66%) and African-American (94%). No significant change in the odds of inconsistent condom use was observed with continued study exposure. Condom use remained low, indicating a need for interventions to reduce sexual risks and HIV transmission in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Rusch
- Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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20
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Nyanzi B, Nyanzi S, Wolff B, Whitworth J. Money, men and markets: economic and sexual empowerment of market women in southwestern Uganda. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2005; 7:13-26. [PMID: 16864185 DOI: 10.1080/13691050410001731099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Market trading requires access to cash, independent decision-making, mobility and social interaction. This study sought to explore whether market work empowers women with respect to spending decisions and negotiation over sex and condom-use. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 212 market women; and 12 focus group discussions and 52 in-depths interviews were conducted among market women in southwestern Uganda. Market women reported high levels of independence, mobility, assertiveness and social interaction. Access to cash was not synonymous with control over it, however. Spending decisions were limited by men's ability to selectively withdraw finances for expenditures central to women's concerns including household and children's needs. Trading in markets earns women masculine labels such as kiwagi, characterized variously as independent, rebellious and insubordinate. Earning money does not change expectations of correct behaviour for wives, making it difficult for women to initiate, deny sex or ask for condoms. Independence and income from market work may make it easier for women to enter and exit new sexual relationships. However, unable to protect themselves within partnerships, HIV risk may increase as a result.
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21
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Sterk CE, Klein H, Elifson KW. Predictors of Condom-Related Attitudes among At-Risk Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2004; 13:676-88. [PMID: 15333282 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2004.13.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative attitudes toward using male condoms tend to be associated with higher rates of sexual risk. Little has been written about the factors that influence women's attitudes toward condom use, and this has implications for HIV intervention efforts. METHODS Two hundred fifty adult women considered to be at risk based on demographic and family characteristics and residing in the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area were interviewed between August 1997 and August 2000. Street outreach efforts were used to identify potential study participants, with further expansion of the sample done via targeted sampling and ethnographic mapping procedures. RESULTS Women held ambivalent to weakly positive attitudes toward condoms. Multivariate analysis revealed that five factors were associated with a greater frequency of engaging in seven specific types of sexual activities known to be associated with HIV transmission: condom-related attitudes (negative condom attitudes), marital status (being married vs. other marital status classification), religiosity (lesser), childhood physical abuse (greater), and the amount of illegal drug use (greater). Four significant predictors of condom attitudes were also identified: age (better condom attitudes among younger women), childhood neglect (more conductive condom attitudes among nonneglected women), self-esteem (more self-esteem = more favorable condom attitudes), and the number of drug problems experienced (more drug problems = more negative condom attitudes). CONCLUSIONS The more negative at-risk women's attitudes were regarding condom use, the more often they tended to engage in risky sex. Specific backgrounds and characteristics of the women were associated with greater/lesser condom use. To increase condom use, programs should consider targeting specific types of women as well as their specific attitudes toward condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Sterk
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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22
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Kesby M, Fenton K, Boyle P, Power R. An agenda for future research on HIV and sexual behaviour among African migrant communities in the UK. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57:1573-92. [PMID: 12948568 DOI: 10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of the recent rise in HIV cases in Britain highlights the need for more research among the heterosexual African migrant population. New research should not, however, only extend the limited number of studies that describe observable patterns in sexual health but should also seek to determine their underlying social causation. To achieve this, both methodological and ontological shifts are necessary in the existing research paradigm; we advocate that a broad range of qualitative techniques be deployed both to uncover the empirical details of specifically African sexual behaviours and to highlight and explore the 'relational' nature of sexual decision-making. Rather than fixing on individuals, analysis must situate them within the broader discursive and material frames that structure the boundaries of decision-making. In addition, researchers need to utilise the parallel literature on the social embeddedness of HIV in Africa to inform analysis of the British context. It would then be possible to address the crucial question of whether the social conditions known to cause high-risk behaviours and facilitate transmission in Africa persist, or are transformed, after migration to the UK. A key, and neglected, dimension of this is the role of spatial context in relational sexual decision-making and the constitution of social relationships in particular arenas. This needs further thought, particularly in relation to domestic space and gender identities. We believe that the research agenda proposed herein has much to contribute to interventions and service provision. Nevertheless, we are mindful of the need for self-reflexivity about our role in the production of powerful knowledges about sex. Our final proposal is that researchers seek ways to work with, not on, African communities in order to facilitate their own informed management of sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kesby
- School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL Scotland, UK.
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23
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Smith LA. Partner influence on noncondom use: gender and ethnic differences. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2003; 40:346-50. [PMID: 14735408 DOI: 10.1080/00224490209552200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates gender and ethnicity differences in the experience of not using a condom due to a partner s influence (unwanted noncondom use). Analysis of 247 anonymous questionnaires from students at urban community college campuses revealed that 46.7% had experienced unwanted noncondom use since age 16, and 37% had experienced unwanted noncondom use with their current or most recent partner. Males and females reported equal levels of unwanted noncondom use. However, African-American and Latino participants reported higher levels of unwanted noncondom use than Whites. The findings indicate that females, males, and people from ethnic groups at high risk for HIV infection need support to carry out their safer sex intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Smith
- Department of Social Work, California State University, San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
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24
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Tschann JM, Adler NE, Millstein SG, Gurvey JE, Ellen JM. Relative power between sexual partners and condom use among adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2002; 31:17-25. [PMID: 12090961 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how the relative power of adolescent sexual partners in the domain of emotional intimacy is related to condom use. METHODS Interviewed 228 adolescents who visited an STD clinic in San Francisco. Adolescents were aged 14-19 years, 69% were female, and they were ethnically diverse. We developed a measure of relative power in the domain of emotional intimacy, by adapting five items from existing measures and developing three items ourselves. The partner who had less desire for emotional intimacy was considered to have more power in that domain. We also measured relative decision-making power. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and Student's t-tests. RESULTS Adolescents who had more power than their partners in the domain of emotional intimacy were more likely to get their way about condom use than adolescents who had less power in this domain. Decision-making power was not related to whether adolescents got their way about condom use. Young men reported greater emotional intimacy power and greater decision-making power than young women. However, gender was not related to getting one's way about condom use. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the importance of assessing relative power in the sexual relationships of adolescents when predicting condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Tschann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0848, USA
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25
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Lowe P. “Every child a wanted child”: Mid-life women's experiences of contraception. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5395(02)00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Horth F, Poindexter AN. Condom use among sterilized and nonsterilized Hispanic women. Sex Transm Dis 2001; 28:546-51. [PMID: 11518874 DOI: 10.1097/00007435-200109000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women who use sterilization for contraception are at risk for various sexually transmitted diseases, unless they use a barrier method. Use of condoms is significantly lower among sterilized women than among hormonal-contraceptive users. Among Hispanics, women's perception of risk and the influence of male partners are strong correlates of dual-method use. Limited data are available concerning use of condoms among sterilized women, in particular among Hispanics. GOALS Past and future use of condoms was examined and compared among 224 sterilized women and 104 hormonal-contraceptive users of Hispanic origin, and the reasons for use or nonuse of condoms were examined. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. RESULTS As compared with hormonal-contraceptive users, sterilized women were significantly less likely to have used condoms in the 3 months before the study or to have plans to use them in the future (P < 0.001). Despite similarities between various HIV-related characteristics of sterilized and nonsterilized women, the former group had significantly lower perceptions of being at risk for both HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Sterilized women were also more likely to have used condoms for the purposes of dual protection from pregnancy. The strongest correlates of consistent condom use by both sterilized and nonsterilized Hispanic women were their perceived susceptibility to disease, male partners' positive opinion about condoms, and the women's ability to use condoms in long-term relationships. Furthermore, the practice of concealing the use of a contraceptive from a male partner was not uncommon, although this characteristic was not related to increased dual-method use. CONCLUSIONS Sterilized women may be at a higher risk of disease than hormonal-contraceptive users. Among Hispanics, women's perception of risk and male partners' influences predict whether the women protect themselves from pregnancy and disease simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sangi-Haghpeykar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Contraceptive Research and Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Sormanti M, Pereira L, El-Bassel N, Witte S, Gilbert L. The role of community consultants in designing an HIV prevention intervention. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2001; 13:311-328. [PMID: 11565591 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.13.4.311.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the significant role of community members during the intervention development phase of a randomized clinical trial of an HIV prevention intervention for African American and Latina women and their main sexual partners. Sixteen women and 13 male partners were engaged as "consultants" in a series of focus group discussions aimed at exploring their reactions and ideas about potential topics and approaches for the intervention. Each individual participated in three focus groups-two single-sex groups and a third that brought women and their male partners together. Focus group data extended our knowledge about the impact of relationship dynamics on safer sex negotiation and allowed us to design an intervention that is contextually specific and pragmatic. Target community members can provide critical input during the intervention development process and should be recognized as viable and meaningful collaborators in all phases of intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sormanti
- Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY 10025, USA.
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von Haeften I, Kenski K. Multi-partnered heterosexuals' condom use for vaginal sex with their main partner as a function of attitude, subjective norm, partner norm, perceived behavioural control and weighted control beliefs. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/13548500120035427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nadeau L, Truchon M, Biron C. High-risk sexual behaviors in a context of substance abuse: a focus group approach. J Subst Abuse Treat 2000; 19:319-28. [PMID: 11166496 DOI: 10.1016/s0740-5472(00)00127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies show that heavy and dependant substance users engage with high frequency in high-risk sexual behaviors. To better understand the dynamics of unsafe sexual practices among alcoholics or non-intravenous drug users (IDUs), a series of focus group discussions was conducted with 26 single, sexually active men and women in treatment for substance abuse. Results show that unsafe sexual practices in this subgroup may be explained by three factors: (1) intoxication, (2) negative perceptions of condoms, and (3) cognitive distortions. Furthermore, men's negative perceptions of condoms and women's concerns about not opposing men by fear of being rejected seem to be synergetic to bringing about the negative outcome. Implications for clinical practices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nadeau
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. 'Centre-ville', H3C 3J7, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Saul J, Norris FH, Bartholow KK, Dixon D, Peters M, Moore J. Heterosexual Risk for HIV Among Puerto Rican Women: Does Power Influence Self-Protective Behavior? AIDS Behav 2000; 4:361-371. [PMID: 20871803 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026402522828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lack of power in relationships has been offered as an explanation for why women do not always engage in safer sex behavior with male partners. However, few studies have empirically tested the association between power and self-protective behavior. Causal modeling procedures were used to examine the interrelations of seven measures of power and to examine the effects of power on women's HIV-related communication and condom use with male partners. Power was measured by education, employment, decision making, perceived alternatives to the relationship, commitment to the relationship, investment in the relationship, and absence of abuse in the relationship. The sample comprised 187 Puerto Rican women, aged 18-35 years, attending a comprehensive health clinic in the Bronx, New York, who were at risk for heterosexual transmission of HIV. Women who were currently employed and those who were more committed to their relationships reported less HIV-related communication. Condom use was predicted by shorter length of the relationship, more education, current employment, less investment in the relationship, and more HIV-related communication.
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31
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Davila YR, Brackley MH. Mexican and Mexican American women in a battered women's shelter: barriers to condom negotiation for HIV/AIDS prevention. Issues Ment Health Nurs 1999; 20:333-55. [PMID: 10624236 DOI: 10.1080/016128499248529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Anecdotal information suggests that, for Hispanic women who are involved with abusive partners, condom use request as an HIV/AIDS sexual risk-reduction behavior may expose the women to risk of both abuse and HIV/AIDS. A qualitative study explored barriers to condom negotiation for HIV/AIDS prevention among Mexican and Mexican American women in abusive relationships. A convenience sample of 14 Mexican and Mexican American women was recruited from a battered women's shelter. A demographic form, a domestic violence assessment form, and audiotaped responses to a semistructured interview guide were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim and submitted to content analysis, which revealed past and present themes of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse of Mexican and Mexican American women who requested condom use by their male sexual partners. Also identified by content analysis was the influence of men's power on women's public, private, and sexual interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Davila
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
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