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Liu C, Wang X, Du S, Liang W. Synthesis of chitosan-based grafting magnetic flocculants for flocculation of kaolin suspensions. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:193-205. [PMID: 38105047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel chitosan-based magnetic flocculants FS@CTS-P(AM-DMC) was prepared by molecular structure control. The characterization results showed that FS@CTS-P(AM-DMC) had a uniform size of about 21.46 nm, featuring a typical core-shell structure, and the average coating layer thickness of CTS-P(AM-DMC) was about 5.03 nm. FS@CTS-P(AM-DMC) exhibited excellent flocculation performance for kaolin suspension, achieved 92.54% turbidity removal efficiency under dosage of 150 mg/L, pH 7.0, even at high turbidity (2000 NTU) with a removal efficiency of 96.96%. The flocculation mechanism was revealed to be dominated by charge neutralization under acidic and neutral conditions, while adsorption and bridging effects play an important role in alkaline environments. The properties of magnetic aggregates during flocculation, breakage, and regeneration were studied at different pH levels and dosages. In the process of magnetophoretic, magnetic particles collide and adsorb with kaolin particles continuously due to magnetic and electrostatic attraction, transform into magnetic chain clusters, and then further form three-dimensional network magnetic aggregates that can capture free kaolin particles and other chain clusters. Particle image velocimetry confirmed the formation of eddy current of magnetic flocs and experienced three stages: acceleration, stabilization, and deceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sicong Du
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Liu C, Wang X, Du S, Cheng P, Liang W. Magnetic coagulation and flocculation of kaolin suspension using Fe 3O 4 with plant polyphenol self-assembled flocculants. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126578. [PMID: 37652337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, magnetic flocculant (Fe3O4@PP) was synthesized using plant polyphenol (PP) as a shaping ligand via in situ self-assembly. Characterization results revealed that Fe3O4@PP exhibited uniform particle size and excellent dispersibility with PP coating amount of 16.4 %. Experimental results suggested that Fe3O4@PP showed excellent turbidity removal efficiency in a wide pH range (3.0-10) and initial turbidity range (50-2000 NTU). Under the optimal conditions, Fe3O4@PP achieved 95.2 % of turbidity removal for simulated kaolin suspension and 96.9 % for actual wastewater. Fe3O4@PP exhibited excellent recycling and reusability properties, with high recycling efficiency of 93.3 % even after the fifth cycle. Microscopic observation revealed the formation process of magnetic flocs, involving particle aggregation, chain and cluster formation, and dense network aggregate formation. The structural characteristics and size of magnetic flocs were found to be significantly influenced by the combined effects of magnetic force, electric charge, van der Waals force, and functional groups on the surface of PP. The extended Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek models indicated that magnetic interactions were the primary mechanism for magnetic flocculation, accompanied by charge neutralization, adsorption bridging, sweeping, and net trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sicong Du
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Yadav A, Raghav S, Jangid NK, Srivastava A, Jadoun S, Srivastava M, Dwivedi J. Myrica esculenta Leaf Extract-Assisted Green Synthesis of Porous Magnetic Chitosan Composites for Fast Removal of Cd (II) from Water: Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4339. [PMID: 37960019 PMCID: PMC10649474 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in water resources is a major issue worldwide. Metals released into the environment endanger human health, owing to their persistence and absorption into the food chain. Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal, which causes severe health hazards in human beings as well as in animals. To overcome the issue, current research focused on cadmium ion removal from the polluted water by using porous magnetic chitosan composite produced from Kaphal (Myrica esculenta) leaves. The synthesized composite was characterized by BET, XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM with EDX, and VSM to understand the structural, textural, surface functional, morphological-compositional, and magnetic properties, respectively, that contributed to the adsorption of Cd. The maximum Cd adsorption capacities observed for the Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) and porous magnetic chitosan (MCS) composite were 290 mg/g and 426 mg/g, respectively. Both the adsorption processes followed second-order kinetics. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to understand the optimum conditions for the fast adsorption process. Both the adsorbents could be regenerated for up to seven cycles without appreciable loss in adsorption capacity. The porous magnetic chitosan composite showed improved adsorption compared to MNPs. The mechanism for cadmium ion adsorption by MNPs and MCS has been postulated. Magnetic-modified chitosan-based composites that exhibit high adsorption efficiency, regeneration, and easy separation from a solution have broad development prospects in various industrial sewage and wastewater treatment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India; (A.Y.)
| | - Sapna Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Nirankari Baba Gurubachan Singh Memorial College, Sohna 122103, India
| | | | - Anamika Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India; (A.Y.)
| | - Sapana Jadoun
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General, Velásquez, Arica 1775, Chile;
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India; (A.Y.)
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Zhao Y, Fan Q, Liu Y, Wang S, Guo X, Guo L, Zhu M, Wang X. Preparation and Application of Amino-Terminated Hyperbranched Magnetic Composites in High-Turbidity Water Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:6787. [PMID: 37836630 PMCID: PMC10574061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to separate the colloidal in high-turbidity water, a kind of magnetic composite (Fe3O4/HBPN) was prepared via the functional assembly of Fe3O4 and an amino-terminal hyperbranched polymer (HBPN). The physical and chemical characteristics of Fe3O4@HBPN were investigated by different means. The Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed that the characteristic absorption peaks positioned at 1110 cm-1, 1468 cm-1, 1570 cm-1 and 1641 cm-1 were ascribed to C-N, H-N-C, N-H and C=O bonds, respectively. The shape and size of Fe3O4/HBPN showed a different and uneven distribution; the particles clumped together and were coated with an oil-like film. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) displayed that the main elements of Fe3O4/HBPN were C, N, O, and Fe. The superparamagnetic properties and good magnetic response were revealed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The characteristic diffraction peaks of Fe3O4/HBPN were observed at 2θ = 30.01 (220), 35.70 (311), 43.01 (400), 56.82 (511), and 62.32 (440), which indicated that the intrinsic phase of magnetite remained. The zeta potential measurement indicated that the surface charge of Fe3O4/HBPN was positive in the pH range 4-10. The mass loss of Fe3O4/HBPN in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) proved thermal decomposition. The -C-NH2 or -C-NH perssad of HBPN were linked and loaded with Fe3O4 particles by the N-O bonds. When the Fe3O4/HBPN dosage was 2.5 mg/L, pH = 4-5, the kaolin concentration of 1.0 g/L and the magnetic field of 3800 G were the preferred reaction conditions. In addition, a removal efficiency of at least 86% was reached for the actual water treatment. Fe3O4/HBPN was recycled after the first application and reused five times. The recycling efficiency and removal efficiency both showed no significant difference five times (p > 0.05), and the values were between 84.8% and 86.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Qianlong Fan
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Liujia Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Mengcheng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Xu H, Fan Q, Zhu C, Liu J, Zhu M, Wang X, Niu A. Preparation and Application of Magnetic Composites Using Controllable Assembly for Use in Water Treatment: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5799. [PMID: 37570769 PMCID: PMC10421488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of magnetic composites in wastewater treatment has become widespread due to their high flocculating characteristics and ferromagnetism. This review provides an analysis and summary of the preparation and application of magnetic composites through controllable assembly for use in wastewater treatment. The applications of magnetic composites include the treatment of dye wastewater, heavy metal wastewater, microalgae suspensions, and oily wastewater. Additionally, the recycling and regeneration of magnetic composites have been investigated. In the future, further research could be focused on improving the assembly and regeneration stability of magnetic composites, such as utilizing polymers with a multibranched structure. Additionally, it would be beneficial to explore the recycling and regeneration properties of these composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Hang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Qianlong Fan
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Mengcheng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Anqi Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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Liao W, Bao D, Li HQ, Yang P. Cu(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution with LDH@GO-NH 2 and LDH@GO-SH: kinetics and probable mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65848-65861. [PMID: 34322807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two novel adsorbents (LDH@GO-NH2 and LDH@GO-SH) were successfully synthesized by grafting thiol- or amino-functionalized GO onto LDH and their adsorption capacities for heavy metal ions (Cu(II) and Cd(II)) were significantly enhanced. Characterization experiments illustrated that the thiol group (-SH) or amino group (-NH2) was grafted onto LDH@GO-NH2 or LDH@GO-SH. Adsorption isotherms were satisfactorily fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II) on LDH@GO-SH at 308 K was 102.77 mg/g, which was about triple that of LDH@GO-NH2. The enhancement in adsorption capacity of LDH@GO-SH was due to the cooperative effect of LDH and GO-SH. The kinetic experimental data for LDH@GO-NH2 and LDH@GO-SH were found to be in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from the temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and an endothermic process. The possible adsorption mechanisms comprising formation of precipitation, isomorphic substitution of Mg(II), and formation of complexation with amino groups or thiol groups were proposed. Desorption experiments put into evidence that LDH@GO-NH2 and LDH@GO-SH may be promising suitable candidates for the remediation of metal ions from aqueous solutions in real work in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Di Bao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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