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Kim T, Cheong IY. Changes in Function and Muscle Strength of Encephalitis Survivors After Inpatient Rehabilitation. Ann Rehabil Med 2022; 45:422-430. [PMID: 35000367 PMCID: PMC8743845 DOI: 10.5535/arm.21133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical demographics and rehabilitative assessments of encephalitis survivors admitted to a rehabilitation center, and to confirm the effects of inpatient rehabilitation manifested by changes in muscle strength and function after hospitalization. METHODS Data of encephalitis survivors who received rehabilitation at our institution from August 2009 to August 2019 were reviewed. Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed, and motor, functional, and cognitive assessments were collected. Manual muscle testing (MMT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), grip strength, Box and Block Test (BBT), and Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) were performed, and the results upon admission and discharge were compared and analyzed. RESULTS Most of the patients with encephalitis admitted to our institution had viral or autoimmune etiologies. The assessment results of 18 encephalitis patients upon admission and discharge were compared. The total K-MBI score, FAC, grip strength, and BBT significantly improved, but not the MMT and FMA. Subgroup analysis was performed for viral and autoimmune encephalitis, which are the main causes of the disease, but there was no difference in items with significant changes before and after hospitalization. CONCLUSION Encephalitis survivors showed a significant improvement in functional assessment scale during their hospital stay through rehabilitation, without significant changes in motor strength. Hence, we can conclude that encephalitis survivors benefit from inpatient rehabilitation, targeting functional gains in activities of daily living training more than motor strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayeun Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Yae Cheong
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea
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Zečević I. Behavioral Management in Encephalitis Rehabilitation: Review of Clinical Research with Clinical Recommendations. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-021-00390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ownsworth T, Gooding K, Beadle E. Self-focused processing after severe traumatic brain injury: Relationship to neurocognitive functioning and mood symptoms. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 58:35-50. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ownsworth
- School of Applied Psychology; Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Nathan Qld Australia
| | - Kynan Gooding
- School of Applied Psychology; Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Nathan Qld Australia
| | - Elizabeth Beadle
- School of Applied Psychology; Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Nathan Qld Australia
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Christie S, Chan V, Mollayeva T, Colantonio A. Systematic review of rehabilitation intervention outcomes of adult and paediatric patients with infectious encephalitis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e015928. [PMID: 29764868 PMCID: PMC5961616 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although a range of rehabilitation interventions have been applied to restore function after infectious encephalitis, there is a lack of literature summarising the benefits of these interventions. This systematic review aims to synthesise current scientific knowledge on outcome measures following rehabilitative interventions among children and adults with infectious encephalitis, with a specific focus on the influence of the age, sex, baseline status and intervention type. SEARCH STRATEGY Five scholarly databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), three sources of grey literature (Google, Google Scholar and Grey Matters) and reference lists of included publications were systematically searched. Literature published before 15 December 2017 and focused on patients with infectious encephalitis in any rehabilitation setting were included. Quality assessment was completed using the Downs and Black rating scale. RESULTS Of the 12 737 reference titles screened, 20 studies were included in this review. All of the studies had sample sizes of less than 25 patients and received a score of less than 15 out of 31 points on the Downs and Black rating scale. Findings showed a variety of interventions has been applied to alleviate sequelae from infectious encephalitis, including using cognitive therapy (nine studies), behavioural therapy (five studies), physical therapy (two studies) or two or more therapies (four studies). There was inconclusive evidence on the effect of sex, age and baseline functional abilities on outcomes. Due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity between studies, meta-analyses were not performed. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests the potential for a beneficial effect of rehabilitation interventions in patients with infectious encephalitis. Future research is required to identify all effect modifiers and to determine the effect of time in the natural course of recovery. An enhanced set of known effect modifiers will support the process of future evaluation of a client-centred rehabilitation intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42015029217.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanice Christie
- Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincy Chan
- Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatyana Mollayeva
- Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cooper J, Kierans C, Defres S, Easton A, Kneen R, Solomon T. Care beyond the hospital ward: understanding the socio-medical trajectory of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:646. [PMID: 28899392 PMCID: PMC5596960 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a life-threatening infection of the brain, which has significant physical, cognitive and social consequences for survivors. Despite increasing recognition of the long-term effects of encephalitis, research and policy remains largely focused on its acute management, meaning there is little understanding of the difficulties people face after discharge from acute care. This paper aims to chart the problems and challenges which people encounter when they return home after treatment for HSV encephalitis. METHODS The paper reports on data from 30 narrative interviews with 45 people affected by HSV encephalitis and their significant others. The study was conducted as part of the ENCEPH-UK programme grant on Understanding and Improving the Outcome of Encephalitis. RESULTS The findings show the diverse challenges which are experienced by people after treatment for HSV encephalitis. We first chart how peoples' everyday lives are fragmented following their discharge from hospital. Second, we document the social consequences which result from the longer-term effects of encephalitis. Finally, we show how the above struggles are exacerbated by the lack of support systems for the post-acute effects of encephalitis, and describe how people are consequently forced to devise their own care routines and strategies for managing their problems. CONCLUSION The paper argues that in order to improve long-term outcomes in encephalitis, it is vital that we develop pathways of support for the condition beyond the acute hospital setting. We conclude by making recommendations to enhance communication and care for the post-acute consequences of encephalitis, to ensure those affected are fully supported through the chronic effects of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Cooper
- Division of Health Services Research & Management, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ciara Kierans
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sylviane Defres
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Tropical and infectious diseases Unit, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR HPRU in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ava Easton
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- The Encephalitis Society, Malton, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Rachel Kneen
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Neurology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Solomon
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR HPRU in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Gelech J, Bayly M, Desjardins M. Constructing robust selves after brain injury: positive identity work among members of a female self-help group. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2017; 29:456-476. [PMID: 28393594 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1308872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite common experiences of identity damage, decline, and deterioration, many brain injury survivors succeed in reconstructing robust identities in the wake of injury. Yet, while this accomplishment greatly benefits survivors' quality of life, little is known about how positive identity work might be facilitated or enhanced in therapeutic institutions. Drawing on data from a women's self-help group, we argue that an egalitarian, reflective, strength-focused, and gender-segregated environment can provide female ABI (acquired brain injury) survivors with a fertile scene for identity enhancement and offer unique opportunities for collective identity development. Sociolinguistic interactional analysis revealed four types of positive identity work undertaken within the group: constructing competent selves; tempering the threat of loss and impairment; resisting infantilisation and delegitimisation; and asserting a collective gender identity. This identity work was facilitated by specific programme attributes and activities and contributed to the global project of decentring disability and destigmatising impairments and losses. We call for increased attention to identity issues in brain injury rehabilitation and argue that gender-segregated programming can provide a unique space for female survivors to construct empowering individual and collective identities after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gelech
- a Department of Psychology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Melanie Bayly
- a Department of Psychology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Michel Desjardins
- a Department of Psychology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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Fraas MR. Enhancing Quality of Life for Survivors of Stroke Through Phenomenology. Top Stroke Rehabil 2015; 18:40-6. [DOI: 10.1310/tsr1801-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Andrewes HE, Walker V, O'Neill B. Exploring the use of positive psychology interventions in brain injury survivors with challenging behaviour. Brain Inj 2014; 28:965-71. [PMID: 24826958 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.888764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of conducting two positive psychology interventions to improve mood and self-concept with survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI), within a neuro-rehabilitation hospital. METHOD AND PROCEDURES Ten patients with brain injury were randomly allocated to an intervention and control group. The efficacy of the first intervention, 'three positive things in life' was measured via Seligman's Authentic Happiness Index (AHI), at base-line, directly following the intervention and at the end of the 12-week group programme. The second intervention, the 'Value in Action (VIA) signature strengths intervention' was measured by the Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale (HISDS) at baseline and at the end of the group. RESULTS Compared to baseline and control group scores, the AHI index showed an increase in the intervention group's happiness following the intervention and at the end of the 12-week programme, albeit the latter increase was non-significant. The HISDS showed non-significant improvement in self-concept and reduction in polarization of the self in the present, future and past in the second intervention. Anecdotal evidence revealed a clear improved mood following the interventions. CONCLUSION This study shows promising results for the effectiveness of Positive Psychology interventions and methods to improve feasibility when applying this treatment within a hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Andrewes
- Graham Anderson House, Brain Injury Rehabilitation Trust , Glasgow, Scotland , UK and
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Svanberg J, Evans JJ. Impact of SenseCam on memory, identity and mood in Korsakoff's syndrome: A single case experimental design study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2013; 24:400-18. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2013.814573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Salas CE. Surviving Catastrophic Reaction after Brain Injury: The Use of Self-Regulation and Self-Other Regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15294145.2012.10773691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Turner B, Fleming J, Ownsworth T, Cornwell P. Perceptions of recovery during the early transition phase from hospital to home following acquired brain injury: A journey of discovery. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2011; 21:64-91. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2010.527747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Medley AR, Powell T. Motivational Interviewing to promote self-awareness and engagement in rehabilitation following acquired brain injury: A conceptual review. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2010; 20:481-508. [DOI: 10.1080/09602010903529610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Broomfield NM, Laidlaw K, Hickabottom E, Murray MF, Pendrey R, Whittick JE, Gillespie DC. Post-stroke depression: the case for augmented, individually tailored cognitive behavioural therapy. Clin Psychol Psychother 2010; 18:202-17. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cattelani R, Zettin M, Zoccolotti P. Rehabilitation Treatments for Adults with Behavioral and Psychosocial Disorders Following Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2010; 20:52-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-009-9125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fraas MR, Calvert M. The use of narratives to identify characteristics leading to a productive life following acquired brain injury. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2009; 18:315-328. [PMID: 19638485 DOI: 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0008)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the factors leading to successful recovery and productive lifestyles after acquired brain injury (ABI). METHOD Qualitative investigation examined semistructured interviews of 31 survivors of ABI. Thematic analysis followed a phenomenological approach and revealed 4 major themes and 28 subthemes in the interviews. Four participants stood out as exemplars of the themes embodied by all the participants in this investigation. Quotes from each are used to highlight the prevailing themes. RESULTS The following 4 major themes emerged from the interviews: development of social support networks, grief and coping strategies, acceptance of the injury and redefinition of self, and empowerment. CONCLUSIONS The issues raised in these interviews may serve to inspire other survivors and provide them with hope and motivation as they progress through the recovery process. Suggestions on how clinicians can help to facilitate this process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Fraas
- University of New Hampshire, 151 Hewitt Hall, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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Yeates GN, Gracey F, Mcgrath JC. A biopsychosocial deconstruction of “personality change” following acquired brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2008; 18:566-89. [DOI: 10.1080/09602010802151532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fotopoulou A. False selves in neuropsychological rehabilitation: The challenge of confabulation. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2008; 18:541-65. [DOI: 10.1080/09602010802083545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gracey F, Palmer S, Rous B, Psaila K, Shaw K, O'Dell J, Cope J, Mohamed S. “Feeling part of things”: Personal construction of self after brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2008; 18:627-50. [DOI: 10.1080/09602010802041238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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