1
|
Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakhvidi MJZ, Zarei A, Hachesu VR, Zolfaghari A. Evaluating the relationship between the respiratory exposure to the benzene with the primary damages of deoxyribonucleic acid and total antioxidant capacity in one of the oil companies in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48340-48346. [PMID: 35187629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a carcinogenic chemical substance which causes the injuries and damages through producing the free radicals in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and the antioxidants are the agents which reduce the impacts of DNA damages by inhibiting the free radicals. This study was conducted aiming at determination of primary damages of DNA and level of plasma oxidative stress markers resulting from the respiratory exposure to the benzene found in petroleum compounds among the workers at loading platforms of a petroleum products distribution center. This study was an analytical (case control) research conducted among the workers in a working shift serving at the loading platforms of petroleum products. The exposure group included the workers with a history of contact with benzene and the control group was composed of the persons with no history of exposure to benzene. To investigate the level of the personnel's exposure to benzene, NIOSH-1501 method was utilized; to analyze the samples taken from the air, GC mass (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) was applied; and to determine the average of DNA primary damages, comet assay was used. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by a photometric method. Results indicated that tail length (TL), tail density (TD), tail momentum (TM), percentage of tail in the DNA (%DNA), and %TAC in control group were 78.59, 8.35, 1.20, 10.05, and 25.58 and in the exposure group were 59.21, 75.74, 57.74, 3.5, and 16.58, respectively. The previously mentioned results showed a decrease in the TL, %DNA, and %TAC values among the workers already exposed to benzene while an increase in the TD and TM values of the same group compared to the control non-exposed group. In comparing the averages between two studied groups, all study variables had statistically meaningful difference (p < 0.05). More studies are recommended to be conducted on using the methods which identify the special places of breakage and damage in DNA chain due to the exposure to benzene and consequently prevent the complications and consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdorreza Zarei
- Occupational Health Department, Health Faculty, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Vida Rezaei Hachesu
- Occupational Health Department, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zolfaghari
- University of Tehran, PIHO (Petroleum Industry Health Organization), Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soylemez E, Ozcagli E, Korkmaz S, Tok OE, Aydin MS, Omurtag GZ. The modulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage to radiology technicians by repair enzymes XRCC1 and XRCC3 The association of oxidative stress and DNA damage with XRCC1 and XRCC3 polymorphisms in radiology technicians. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:70-79. [PMID: 35191782 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211062680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has widespread use in medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of many medical conditions. Radiology technicians are one group that is occupationally exposed to low doses of radiation. There are questions regarding whether low dose exposure to radiation could have long-term health consequences. Assessing the effect of radiation on genetic material is essential for appraising long-term health results. Hereditary variations in DNA repair genes cause differentiation in individual responses to radiation related health effects. This study aimed to determine oxidative stress and DNA damage, and their relationship to XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms in radiology technicians occupationally exposed to low dose radiation. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 45 radiology technicians and age-matched with 40 healthy control individuals working in office environments. Our results showed that radiology technicians had significantly greater oxidative stress and DNA damage than the control group, and women appeared more susceptible to occupational radiation exposure than men. Individuals with wild-type genotypes for XRCC1 (Arg/Arg) and XRCC3 (Thr/Thr) had less DNA damage. Lower DNA damage levels could be explained by the enhanced capacity to repair low dose radiation induced DNA damage. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of DNA repair genes in individuals that are occupationally exposed to low dose radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esma Soylemez
- Department of Pharmacology, 498029Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 369917İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serol Korkmaz
- Department of Virology, 498029Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Olgu Enis Tok
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 218502İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, 472602İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulden Zehra Omurtag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 218502İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kargar-Shouroki F, Miri M, Zare Sakhvidi MJ, Hosseini Sangchi SZ, Madadizadeh F. Genotoxic effect of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in asphalt workers. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:686-697. [PMID: 33883991 PMCID: PMC8056049 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Asphalt workers are at risk due to exposure to asphalt fumes containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The main purpose of this study was to measure the urinary metabolite of PAHs and to determine its effect on micronucleus (MN) formation as an indicator of genotoxic damage. In this cross-sectional study, the MN frequency in 48 male asphalt workers exposed to PAHs was measured and compared with 48 male non-exposed employees. PAHs exposure was evaluated by determining urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP). The mean concentrations of 1-OHP in the exposed and non-exposed groups were 0.58 ± 0.41 μmol/mol creatinine and 0.38 ± 0.25 μmol/mol creatinine, respectively. 1-OHP concentration was significantly higher in smokers compared with non-smokers in both exposed and non-exposed groups. Moreover, the mean MN frequency in the exposed group was significantly higher than in the non-exposed group. The MN frequency was significantly higher in asphalt workers with a work history of ≥ 15 years compared to workers with lower work history. In a fully adjusted model, there was a statistically significant association between exposure to PAHs, with MN and 1-OHP concentration, and between smoking status with 1-OHP. The findings of the present study indicated that occupational exposure to PAHs was associated with increased urinary 1-OHP as well as DNA damage in the asphalt workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kargar-Shouroki
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini Sangchi
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farzan Madadizadeh
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gaikwad AS, Mahmood R, B R, Kondhalkar S. Evaluation of telomere length and genotoxicity among asphalt associated workers. Mutat Res 2020; 858-860:503255. [PMID: 33198936 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There are contradictory reports about bitumen exposure and malignancy risk worldwide. Also, the evidence for genotoxicity risk among workers occupationally exposed to asphalt is insufficient. The study intended to evaluate particulate matter 10 (PM10) at the workplace and biomarkers of genotoxicity effects among a group of asphalt workers in and around Bangalore, India. This study involved a total of 107 participants (54 exposed group and 53 unexposed control group). To evaluate the genotoxicity, the urinary 8-OHdG and relative telomere length as oxidative damage while micronucleus (MN) assay for cytogenetic damage was carried out during the study. The majority of workers have reported health complaints and 57.4% of them were not using any personal protective equipments (PPE's). The level of PM10 detected was 104 ± 9.5 μg/m3 and 619 ± 22.7 μg/m3 in the road paving and asphalt mixing sites respectively. The biomonitoring study observed a highly significant (p = <0.001) increase in the level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the exposed group (23.17 ± 8.65 ng/mg creatinine) compared to the control (13.6 ± 7.12 ng/mg creatinine), revealed age significant associated and non-smoking borderline significant associated for oxidative stress. The relative telomere length (TL) analysis revealed its highly significant (p = 0.004) reduction in the exposed group, adjusted mean 0.95 (95% CI 0.83-1.07) compared to the control 1.06 (95% CI 0.91-1.26). The job category (p = 0.028), non-smoking (p = 0.026), and tobacco chewing (p = 0.013) were associated with reduced relative TL in the asphalt exposed group. In cytogenotoxicity analysis, the mean micronucleus (MN) frequency per 100 cells in the exposed group (26.46 ± 19.8) was significantly (p = <0.001) increased over the control group (8.56 ± 7.18). Neither smoking habit nor age appeared to influence the MN frequencies in either group. In the present study, we have demonstrated genetic damage in workers occupationally exposed to asphalt and particulate matter, raising concern for an increased risk of malignancy in these workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash S Gaikwad
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore 562 110, India.
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, India.
| | - Ravichandran B
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore 562 110, India.
| | - Shridhar Kondhalkar
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR Complex, Devanahalli TK, Bangalore 562 110, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Chromosome instability adversely affects animal fertility and reproduction. Analysis of instability can be a valuable diagnostic tool. Helpful tests for assessment of instabilities include the sister chromatid exchange assay, identification of fragile sites, the bleomycin assay and the comet assay. These techniques can be used to assess and compare the chromosome stability of individual breeds of animals. The aim of the study was to assess chromosome stability in boars: Duroc, Duroc x Pietrain and Pietrain x Duroc crossbreds, Polish Large White, and the Neckar, P76 and PIC lines. The study assessed the chromosome stability of boars. The distribution of instabilities in individual breeds was varied. The average frequency of chromatid exchange was 4.8 ± 1.5, while that of fragile sites was 3.9 ± 1.4. The mean level of DNA damage (% tail DNA) was 9.4 ± 8.3, while in the bleomycin assay b/c and %AM were 0.6 ± 0.7 and 44.4 ± 4.1. A higher rate of instability was found in older individuals than in younger ones. The cytogenetic assays used to identify various forms of chromosome instability can be used to evaluate boars intended for breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wójcik
- Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Agnieszka Sokół
- Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wójcik E, Szostek M, Horoszewicz E, Kot E, Sebastian S, Smalec E. Analysis of chromatin instability of somatic cells in sheep. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic tests are highly reliable, sensitive indicators of the early effects of genomic instability. Their results provide information on the organism’s susceptibility to exogenous and endogenous factors and are measures of the degree of repair of DNA damage. Our study assessed spontaneously occurring damage in following four breeds of sheep: Polish Heath, Polish Lowland (Zelazna variety), Polish Blackhead, and Berrichon du Cher. Instability was identified using the following three different tests: a sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay, identification of fragile sites, and the comet assay. The distribution of instabilities varied depending on the breed. The mean frequency of SCEs was 5.13 ± 1.58, whereas that of fragile sites was 3.30 ± 1.24. The mean level of DNA damage (% head DNA) was 96.52 ± 6.59. The most damage to genetic material was observed in the Berrichon du Cher sheep, and the least in the Polish Heath sheep. The tests used are reliable biomarkers of genome stability in animal breeds, as well as in individuals within breeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wójcik
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szostek
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Horoszewicz
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Emilia Kot
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Sałuch Sebastian
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Smalec
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| |
Collapse
|