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Jinxue D, Shiang S, Kai S, Yongjie X, Shaojun H. Sex-based responses of heat stress and subsequent recovery on the growth performance, metabolic changes, and redox status of broilers at market age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1669-1677. [PMID: 37480374 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
This experiment investigated the sex responses of heat stress (HS) and subsequent recovery on growth performance, serum metabolic parameters, and redox status. Two hundred 38-day-old broilers were arranged in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 (temperatures and sexes) factorial arrangement in five replicates. Broilers were raised at 24 ± 1 °C or 32 ± 1 °C for 3 days and returned to 24 °C for 2 days. The study showed that HS decreased both average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), serum total glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (T-SOD). However, it increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the protein carbonyl group (PCG). Male broilers had higher ADFI, ADG, lactic acid (LA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and PCG, but lower FCR, albumin, total antioxidant capacity, T-SOD, and GPx. Temperature and sex significantly interacted with ADFI, ADG, LA, and HDL-C. The effects of HS on RR, RT, glucose, albumin, BUN, PCG, T-SOD, and GPx recovered after 2 days. These results indicate that HS and subsequent recovery affect growth performance, which is accompanied by disturbances in serum nutrient metabolism and abnormalities in redox function and manifested by temporal and gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Jinxue
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Sun Shiang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Song Kai
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Xiong Yongjie
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - He Shaojun
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China.
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Akinmoladun OF, Mpendulo CT, Ayoola MO. Assessment of the adaptation of Nguni goats to water stress. Animal 2023; 17:100911. [PMID: 37544053 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recurring drought and limited rainfall patterns occasioned primarily by climate change in sub-Saharan African countries threaten sustainable animal agriculture. The irreversibility of this natural phenomenon calls for an intensive and urgent selection of adaptable breeds that can cope but with minimal compromise on production indices. A water scarcity simulation study was conducted to assess the adaptation potential of Nguni goats to regulated watering by evaluating their growth performance, tolerance to heat and water stress and blood indices during the dry summer months. Eighteen growing Nguni goats (average age: 1 year; BW: 19.25 ± 1.6 kg) were assigned equally to three treatments: W0, without water restriction (WR); W70, WR of 70% ad libitum water intake (WI); and W50, WR of 50% ad libitum WI. The experimental trial lasted for 75 d following a 14-day acclimatisation to the housing condition. Data on growth performance, body thermal gradient, skin temperature (ST) and rectal temperatures, respiratory rate (RR), body condition scores (BCs), linear body indices and blood biochemical indices were taken. The results showed that the final BW was not affected (P > 0.05) by the water restriction levels. The daily gain, DM intake and total BW gain were similar (P > 0.05) in groups W70 and W50. Body thermal gradient and ST were not affected (P > 0.05). The RR and BCs decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing water restriction levels. The body and rump lengths and sternum height were similar (P > 0.05) for groups W70 and W50. There is an haemocentration (W0 < W70 < W50; P < 0.05) of sodium, Chloride, urea, creatinine, total protein, and cholesterol with water restriction levels. Generally, most physiological variables assayed were similar (P > 0.05) in the water-stressed groups (W70 and W50). Overall, Nguni goats showed an adaptive capacity to tolerate limited water intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- O F Akinmoladun
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001 Akungba-Akoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria.
| | - C T Mpendulo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - M O Ayoola
- Animal Science and Fisheries Management Unit, Department of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Science and Engineering, Bowen University, PMB 284, Iwo Osun-State, Nigeria
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Yamin D, Beena V, Ramnath V, Zarina A, Harikumar S, Venkatachalapathy RT, Gleeja V. Impact of thermal stress on physiological, behavioural and biochemical parameters in native and crossbred goats. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Climate Resilience in Small Ruminant and Immune system: an old alliance in the new sustainability context. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Henna K, Boudjellaba S, Khammar F, Amirat Z, Chesneau D, Charallah S. Endocrine, energy, and lipid status during parturition and early lactation in indigenous goats native to the Algerian Sahara. Vet World 2021; 14:2419-2426. [PMID: 34840462 PMCID: PMC8613793 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2419-2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Goats are widely distributed in southwest Algeria. The Saharan goat is perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of arid areas, and it is characterized by resistance to long photoperiod and reduced metabolic needs, allowing the survival of its offspring by maintaining lactation. Several studies have demonstrated that parturition and lactation are critical periods that induce hormone, energy, and lipid status changes in mammals. However, the relationship between the blood biochemical parameters of parturition control and lactation functions in the Algerian Saharan goat has not been thoroughly documented. Therefore, this study assesses hormone and metabolite levels during parturition and early lactation in Saharan goats reared in arid areas. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on 14 multiparous female goats, and blood samples were collected during parturition, 4 days postpartum (D1PP-D4PP), and during the first 12 weeks of lactation (W1-W12) to analyze prolactin, cortisol, glucose (GLU), total proteins (TP), cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TGs), total lipids (TL), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and very LDLs (VLDLs). Results: Statistical data analysis revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma prolactin concentrations at W1 after parturition, reaching maximum values at W3 and W9, and remained high until W12 of lactation. Plasma cortisol levels were high at parturition, reaching two peaks at W3 and W9, and then decreased at W5, W7, and W12 of lactation. No significant changes were found in serum GLU levels during the first 7 weeks of lactation compared with parturition day; then, the levels became significantly (p<0.05) lower at W8, W11, and W12 of lactation. Plasma TP increased significantly (p<0.05) at D3PP, W1, and W4, then decreased significantly (p<0.05) at W8. In addition, this decrease coincided with that of GLU production. Serum CHO, TGs, TL, LDLs, and VLDLs, were low at parturition and high at D4PP and during the first 3 months of lactation. Furthermore, HDL levels were low at D3PP, 1st, and 3rd months and high at the 2nd month of lactation. Conclusion: This study emphasized the impact of parturition and the 1st weeks of lactation on endocrine and metabolic changes in indigenous goats living in the Algerian Sahara Desert. These results can be used to monitor and improve farming management and understand physiological adaptive strategies, mainly lactation function sustainability, of this goat living in marginal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilia Henna
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sofiane Boudjellaba
- Department of Pre-Clinic, Higher National Veterinary School, Laboratory of Research Management of Local Animal Resources, Abbes Street, Oued-Smar, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farida Khammar
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zaina Amirat
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Didier Chesneau
- Department of Animal Physiology and Farming System, University of François Rabelais, F-37041, Tours, Reproductive and Behavioral Physiology, National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment, INRAE UMR85, ER 11, Neuroendocrinology of sexual interactions and behaviors, CNRS, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Salima Charallah
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
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Li M, Hassan FU, Tang Z, Guo Y, Liang X, Peng L, Xie H, Yang C. Physiological, oxidative and metabolic responses of lactating water buffaloes to tropical climate of South China. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1696-1706. [PMID: 34273254 PMCID: PMC8464237 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress in tropics is generally associated with significant economic losses resulting from reduced performance, morbidity, and mortality of livestock. To avoid serious consequences of heat stress, it is imperative to better understand the physiological responses and biochemical changes under the state of altered body homeostasis during different seasons of the year. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal dynamics of physiological, oxidative and metabolic responses of lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes to the tropical climate of South China. METHODS Physiological responses including rectal temperature (RT), body surface temperature (BST) and respiratory rate (RR) along with serum biochemical and antioxidant parameters of 20 lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes were evaluated during different seasons of the year. RESULTS Higher temperature-humidity Index (THI) during the summer season (>80) resulted in a significant increases in RR and BST as compared to the winter season. Higher oxidative stress was observed in the summer season as revealed by significantly higher MDA while lower serum antioxidant enzyme (TAC, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT) contents. Moreover, serum cortisol was also significantly higher in summer and autumn. The levels of growth hormone and ACTH were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower in summer and autumn as compared to other seasons. The negative association of THI with physiological and antioxidant parameters was observed while it was positively associated with serum MDA and cortisol levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed moderate heat stress in lactating buffaloes in the summer season which calls for attention to avoid economic losses and animal welfare issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yanxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Huade Xie
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Mazzuca Pizetti AJ, Sarmiento RO, Pintos LA, Trova GB, Binda JA, Sánchez Negrette O. Haematological and protein profile of goat rodeo in extensive productions of different regions in the province of Salta, Argentina. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1938580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Oscar Sarmiento
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Católica de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Lucía Alejandra Pintos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Católica de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Beatríz Trova
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Católica de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Javier Alejandro Binda
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Católica de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Olga Sánchez Negrette
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Católica de Salta, Salta, Argentina
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Cardoso EDA, Furtado DA, Ribeiro NL, Saraiva EP, Barbosa do Nascimento JW, de Medeiros AN, de Sousa FA, Borba Pereira PH. Intake salinity water by creole goats in a controlled environment: ingestive behavior and physiological variables. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:333. [PMID: 34013435 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to verify the effect of water salinity and environmental temperature on the physiological variables (respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, and surface temperature) and ingestive behavior (rumination, feeding, drinking, and idle) of creole goats. Thirty-six males with an average age of 5.0 ± 0.6 months and an average weight of 20.0 ± 2.3 kg were housed in metabolic cages. The experimental design was a 2 × 3 type crossover (two temperatures and three levels of salinity). The two temperatures were: T1 = 26 ± 0.6 °C (thermoneutral) and T2 = 32 ± 1.2 °C (stress) and three levels salinity (1.0, 6.0, and 12.0 dS m-1). Between the temperatures, the respiratory rate (RR) and surface temperature (ST) present a difference (P < 0,05), being higher in the high temperature. Between temperatures, respiratory rate and surface temperature show a difference (P < 0.05), being higher at high temperature, keeping heart rate and rectal temperature similar at both temperatures. Among the different salinity levels in the behavioral activities, the feeding and urination activity presented a significant difference (P < 0.05), increasing with the water's salinity level. Between temperatures, the rumination efficiency dray matter and neutral detergent fiber showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). With increasing air temperature, they decreased the rumination time-water salinity levels influence (P < 0.05) the feeding efficiency of dry matter. Therefore, water with up to 9.600 mg TDS L-1 can be used strategically in the desedentation of goats in semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldo de A Cardoso
- Departament of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba state, Patos City, 58428230, Brazil
| | - Dermeval A Furtado
- Departament of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba state, Patos City, 58428230, Brazil
| | - Neila L Ribeiro
- Bolsista PCI-CNPq, National Institute Research of Semiarid, Paraiba, Campina Grande, Brazil.
| | - Edilson Paes Saraiva
- Research Group in Bioclimatology, Ethology and Animal Welfare (BioEt), Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - José W Barbosa do Nascimento
- Departament of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba state, Patos City, 58428230, Brazil
| | | | - Francinilda A de Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba State, Areia City, 58397000, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Borba Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba State, Areia City, 58397000, Brazil
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Karthik D, Suresh J, Reddy YR, Sharma G, Ramana J, Gangaraju G, Reddy PPR, Reddy YPK, Yasaswini D, Adegbeye M, Reddy PRK. Adaptive profiles of Nellore sheep with reference to farming system and season: physiological, hemato-biochemical, hormonal, oxidative-enzymatic and reproductive standpoint. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07117. [PMID: 34136691 PMCID: PMC8176311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper outlines the effect of farming systems with reference to season on the body condition score (BCS) and adaptive profile (physiological, hemato-biochemical, hormonal, enzymatic and reproductive parameters) of Nellore sheep. In trial 1, sixty ewe-lambs were allotted to extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive rearing systems (n = 20) and evaluated for BCS at puberty, mating, 2 weeks pre-lambing and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-lambing. In trial 2, eighteen rams were distributed evenly to three farming systems (n = 6) and evaluated for physiological, hemato-biochemical, hormonal, enzymatic, and reproductive parameters concerning three seasons. Although the scores did not differ among the groups, the Kruskal-Wallis ranks of BCS revealed a higher energy status of intensive ewes at different physiological conditions. The sheep reared under extensive and semi-intensive systems displayed higher temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate with predominant effects in summer season. Similarly, both systems exhibited higher WBC and lower haemoglobin, PCV, and RBC contents without affecting MVC, MCH, MCHC, and differential leucocyte count. The percent haemoglobin and RBC count were higher in winter compared to summer months, whereas WBC count followed an exactly opposite pattern. The sheep reared in intensive system showed higher glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, T3, T4, calcium, and phosphorus; however, the globulin, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels were elevated in extensive and semi-intensive systems. The dartos muscle extension (DME) and scrotum sweating rate (SSR) were higher for the sheep reared under extensive system, especially during summer season; while the seminal parameters viz., total sperm count, progressive sperm motility, and plasma membrane integrity were lower for extensive and semi-intensive sheep. No interactions were noticed for any of the parameters, except for cortisol, DME, and SSR, which showed significant interactions for rearing system vs. season. Our results showed dynamic adaptive mechanisms of the Nellore sheep in relation to different stressors like grazing for long distances, inadequate nutrition, and heat stress, revealing the heat resilient ability in harsh environmental conditions. Further, the analyzed vector plot showed that the AST, GPx, Cortisol, SOD, Catalase, WBC, PR, T4, total abnormalities, and major abnormalities were the major contributors for adapting during combined stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Karthik
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, India
| | - J. Suresh
- Center for Continuing Veterinary Education & Communication, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, India
| | - Y. Ravindra Reddy
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, India
| | - G.R.K. Sharma
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, India
| | - J.V. Ramana
- Controller of Examination, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, India
| | - G. Gangaraju
- Livestock Research Station, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Palamaner, India
| | - P. Pandu Ranga Reddy
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Proddatur, India
| | - Y. Pradeep Kumar Reddy
- Center for Continuing Veterinary Education & Communication, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, India
| | - D. Yasaswini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, India
| | - M.J. Adegbeye
- Department of Animal Science and Livestock Production, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, P.M.B 5006, Ilesha, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - P. Ravi Kanth Reddy
- Veterinary Assistant Surgeon, Animal Husbandry Department, Veterinary Dispensary, Taticherla, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mpendulo CT, Akinmoladun OF, Ikusika OO, Chimonyo M. Effect of hydric stress on intake, growth performance and nutritional status of Nguni goats. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1819897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conference Thando Mpendulo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Oluwakamisi Festus Akinmoladun
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Oyebade Ikusika
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Michael Chimonyo
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Akinmoladun OF, Fon FN, Mpendulo CT, Okoh O. Performance, heat tolerance response, and blood metabolites of water-restricted Xhosa goats supplemented with vitamin C. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa044. [PMID: 32705041 PMCID: PMC7236562 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Water restriction in small ruminants is usually accompanied by a drop in feed intake, body weight, and disturbances in the normal internal milieu. However, attempts to lessen the burden of water stress with vitamin C (VC) supplementation have been greeted with conflicting reports. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of single and/or multiple VC supplementations in water-restricted Xhosa goats by evaluating their performance, heat tolerance, and blood metabolites. In total, 42 does, 12 mo old and with an average weight of 15.92 ± 2.12 kg were evaluated for 75 d. The does were distributed according to a complete randomized design into seven groups of six comparable animals: W0, without water restriction (control); W70, water restriction of 70% of ad libitum water intake (WI); W50, water restriction of 50% ad libitum WI; W70+, water restriction of 70% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC daily; W50+, water restriction 50% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC daily; W70++, water restriction of 70% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC and extra 5 g VC given every eighth day; and W50++, water restriction of 50% of ad libitum WI plus 3 g VC and extra 5 g VC given every eighth day. Goats under the W50 group were the most affected (P < 0.05) and the effect was more pronounced in their body condition scores (BCs). Weight loss due to water restriction was reduced by VC supplementation in treated groups. Changes in body thermal gradient, rectal temperature, cholesterol, and bilirubin were similar (P > 0.05) across the various experimental groups. The attenuation effect of VC was significant (P < 0.05) in responses to respiratory rate, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl−, Ca2+, and urea. Supplementation of VC (either single or multiple) did not significantly (P > 0.05) improve the effect of water restriction on BCs, FAMACHA, glucose, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, and high-density lipoprotein. The additive effect of multiple VC significantly influenced (P < 0.05) Na+ and Mg2+. Limited WI affects growth and other physiological parameters in Xhosa goats. However, supplementation of VC may be beneficial at modulating the stressful stimuli imposed by water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.,Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Fabian N Fon
- Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Conference T Mpendulo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Omobola Okoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Ocheja OB, Ayo JO, Aluwong T, Minka NS. Ameliorative effects of L-glutamine on haematological parameters in heat-stressed Red Sokoto goats. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102571. [PMID: 32479401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate haematological responses in Red Sokoto goats (RSGs) administered with L-glutamine during the hot-dry season. Experimental animals included 28 clinically healthy RSGs divided into treated group (n = 14); each administered L-glutamine at 0.2 g/kg body weight, dissolved in 10 mL distilled water, and control group (n = 14); each administered 10 mL distilled water, per os once daily for 21 days. The ambient temperature and relative humidity recorded daily for 4 weeks were used to calculate the temperature-humidity index. Three millilitres of blood sample was collected from each goat by jugular venipuncture for haematology, while rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were also measured once weekly at weeks 0 (before), 1, 2, 3 (during) and 4 (after L-glutamine administration). The haematological, RT, HR and RR data obtained weekly were analysed using repeated-measures one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test to evaluate differences between periods, and between treated and control groups. The PCV, haemoglobin concentration and RBC count were higher (P < 0.05) in the treated group compared to the control group during the period of L-glutamine administration. These differences were sustained till week 4. Beginning from week 1 of the study, the total leucocyte count in treated group (10.10 ± 0.25 × 103/μL) was higher (P < 0.05) than the count in control group (7.23 ± 0.41 × 103/μL), this trend was also maintained throughout the study. The neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio during weeks 3 and 4 of the experiment was lower (P < 0.05) in the treated compared to the control group. RT was lower (P < 0.05) in treated group than the control group. In conclusion, L-glutamine administration ameliorated the adverse effects of heat stress on the haematological parameters in RSGs during the hot-dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohiemi Benjamin Ocheja
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Tagang Aluwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ndazo Salka Minka
- College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando, Kaduna, Nigeria
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Variations in serum metabolites in response to season, cyclicity, and pregnancy in estrus-synchronized Damascus goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1519-1525. [PMID: 31741309 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study was carried out to determine the changes in serum electrolytes, liver enzymes, and hormones during breeding and non-breeding seasons in estrus-synchronized goats. Forty goats (n = 40) were synchronized by inserting the sponges intravaginally for 12 days; PMSG and PGF2α were injected on day of sponge removal. Blood samples were collected from the goats at the time of sponges insertion (day -12), estrus day (day 0), and at 15 day after sponge withdrawal (day 15). The blood samples were analyzed for glucose, cholesterol (CHO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and progesterone (P4), calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO4), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl) levels. Repeated measurements ANOVA of general linear model were used as statistical model. The results showed that seasons have an effect (p < 0.05) on glucose, Ca, Na, K, Cl, CHO, T3, and T4 levels. There was an effect (p < 0.05) of cyclicity only on P4 level. Whereas, nonpregnant, or goats carrying singlet and twin fetuses have shown variation (p < 0.05) in glucose, Ca, and P4 levels. Although, the correlations existed between different serum metabolites but strong correlations (p < 0.05) were observed either between Ca and Na or T3 and T4. In conclusion, the serum electrolytes and liver enzymes are correlated with hormones during the different seasons, pregnancy status, and fecundity. In recommendation, the results of the study could be as managemental tool to monitor the reproductive activity across seasons and to maintain pregnancy carrying twining in goat breeds.
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Perveen S, Kumar Das P, Ranjan Ghosh P, Banerjee D, Mukherjee J, Naskar S, Mondal M. Alterations in haemato-biochemical profile and blood metabolites during different periods of prepubertal growth in black Bengal goat ( Capra hircus): effect of sex and season. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1478687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Das
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Prabal Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipak Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Joydip Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Syamal Naskar
- Department of Livestock Production & Management, ICAR-IVRI (ERS), Kolkata, India
| | - Mohan Mondal
- Department of Animal Physiology, ICAR-NDRI (ERS), Kalyani, India
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Sensitivity, Impact and Consequences of Changes in Respiratory Rate During Thermoregulation in Livestock – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This review discusses the thermal conservative and heat dissipating roles of one of the most sensitive thermoregulatory variables (respiratory rate) with the aim of enhancing its application in evaluating both cold and heat adaptation. During cold exposure, livestock enhance the economy of body heat through reduction in respiratory rate with the extent of reduction being greater and commencing at relatively higher ambient temperature in poorly adapted phenotypes. This is accompanied by an increase in tidal volume and alveolar oxygen uptake, but a decrease in partial pressure of oxygen. On the other hand, heat stress induces increase in respiratory rate to enhance evaporative heat loss with the magnitude of such increase being greater and commencing at relatively lower ambient temperature in phenotypes that are poorly-adapted to heat. This is accompanied by a decrease in tidal volume and the development of hypocapnia. The increase in respiratory rate is observed to be greater, moderate and lesser in livestock that are mainly (pigs, rabbits and poultry), moderately (sheep, goats and Bos taurus) and less (Zebu cattle) dependent on respiratory evaporative heat loss, respectively. The changes during chronic heat stress may cause acid-base crisis in all livestock, in addition to reduction in eggshell quality in birds; due to marked decrease in partial pressure of carbon dioxide and a compensatory increase in elimination of bicarbonate. Within and between breed variations in sensitivity of respiratory rhythm to both cold and heat stress has shown high applicability in identifying phenotypes that are more susceptible to thermal stress; with some cellular and metabolic changes occurring to protect the animal from the consequences of hypo- or hyper-thermia. The information in this review may provide basis for identification of genes that support or suppress thermoregulation and may also be of great use in animal breeding, genomics and selective thermal stress mitigation to provide maximum protection and comfort to poorly-adapted phenotypes.
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Habibu B, Dzenda T, Ayo J, Yaqub L, Kawu M. Haematological changes and plasma fluid dynamics in livestock during thermal stress, and response to mitigative measures. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Katiyatiya CLF, Muchenje V. Hair coat characteristics and thermophysiological stress response of Nguni and Boran cows raised under hot environmental conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:2183-2194. [PMID: 28849420 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Breed, age, coat colour, month and temperature humidity index (THI) influence on body weight (W), body condition score (BCS), thermophysiological variables (rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Tsk)) and hair length was studied in Nguni (n = 19) and Boran (n = 16). As a result of this study, breed influenced W, BCS and Tsk on the neck and belly (P < 0.05). The BCS and W of Nguni cows were higher than the Boran cows. Hair length of both breeds increased from February to August. The THI influenced thermophysiological variables (P < 0.05). Increased Tr for both breeds was recorded in February and April, respectively (P < 0.05). Month influenced Tsk and June recorded lower values (P < 0.05). Younger cows (3-8 years) had lower weight and high Tr and Tsk (P < 0.05). Nguni cows had high neck and thurl temperatures in June while Boran cows had the highest in August (P < 0.05). Red, dun and white-black Boran cows had increased BCS. Nguni cows with red, fawn and white cows had high BCS. Fawn-coloured Nguni cows and white-brown Boran cows had the more weight than cows with other colours compared in the study. White-red Nguni and Boran cows recorded the highest Tr. For Nguni cows, neck and belly temperatures were significantly (P < 0.001) correlated to thurl temperature. Boran cows had significant (P < 0.001) correlations for THI and neck, belly and thurl temperatures. The current study found that Nguni cows were more adapted to the prevailing bioclimatic changes. However, Boran cows have the potential of performing well under heat stress conditions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L F Katiyatiya
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Republic of South Africa
| | - V Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Republic of South Africa.
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Habibu B, Makun H, Yaqub L, Buhari H, Aluwong T, Kawu M. Comparative evaluation of haematological parameters and erythrocyte membrane stability in pregnant and lactating goats in different seasons of tropical Savannah. Theriogenology 2017; 99:30-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Habibu B, Kawu M, Makun H, Aluwong T, Yaqub L, Dzenda T, Buhari H. Influences of breed, sex and age on seasonal changes in haematological variables of tropical goat kids. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-33-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The influences of breed, sex and age on seasonal changes in haematological variables of kids (1–4 months old) belonging to Red Sokoto (n = 60) and Sahel (n = 60) goats were studied at the peaks of the cold-dry, hot-dry and rainy seasons in a West Africa Guinea savanna climate. The results showed that, during the hot-dry season, Sahel goat kids had significantly higher (P < 0.05) packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) count but lower (P < 0.05) mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and total leucocyte count than Red Sokoto kids. Similarly, younger kids of both breed had significantly higher (P < 0.05) PCV and RBC but lower MCV, MCH and MCHC compared with the older kids during the hot-dry season. Younger kids (1–2 months) of both breeds exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) high PCV and RBC but low MCH and MCHC during the hot-dry season as compared with the cold-dry and rainy seasons, with the magnitude of the change being greater in Sahel kids. More remarkable seasonal fluctuations in haematological parameters were observed in buck kids than doe kids of both breeds. Multivariate analysis revealed a clear distinction between the change in haematological parameters during the cold-dry as compared with the hot-dry and rainy seasons, with MCV having the strongest discriminating power (0.91*). In conclusion, breed, age and sex variations in haematological variables of goats were more pronounced in the hot-dry season, during which the seasonal changes were more dramatic in kids of Sahel goats, as well as in younger and male kids of both breeds. These findings may be useful in the management of tropical goat kids in different seasons.
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Habibu B, Kawu M, Makun H, Aluwong T, Yaqub L. Seasonal variation in body mass index, cardinal physiological variables and serum thyroid hormones profiles in relation to susceptibility to thermal stress in goat kids. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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