1
|
Unuofin JO, Odeniyi OA, Majengbasan OS, Igwaran A, Moloantoa KM, Khetsha ZP, Iwarere SA, Daramola MO. Chitinases: expanding the boundaries of knowledge beyond routinized chitin degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33728-6. [PMID: 38789707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Chitinases, enzymes that degrade chitin, have long been studied for their role in various biological processes. They play crucial roles in the moulting process of invertebrates, the digestion of chitinous food, and defense against chitin-bearing pathogens. Additionally, chitinases are involved in physiological functions in crustaceans, such as chitinous food digestion, moulting, and stress response. Moreover, chitinases are universally distributed in organisms from viruses to mammals and have diverse functions including tissue degradation and remodeling, nutrition uptake, pathogen invasion, and immune response regulation. The discovery of these diverse functions expands our understanding of the biological significance and potential applications of chitinases. However, recent research has shown that chitinases possess several other functions beyond just chitin degradation. Their potential as biopesticides, therapeutic agents, and tools for bioremediation underscores their significance in addressing global challenges. More importantly, we noted that they may be applied as bioweapons if ethical regulations regarding production, engineering and application are overlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Onolame Unuofin
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Group (SEERG), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | | | | | - Aboi Igwaran
- The Life Science Center Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karabelo MacMillan Moloantoa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of Kwazulu Natal, Private Bag X540001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Zenzile Peter Khetsha
- Department of Agriculture, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Samuel Ayodele Iwarere
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Group (SEERG), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael Olawale Daramola
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Group (SEERG), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khatri S, Bhattacharjee A, Shivay YS, Sharma S. Transplantation of soil from organic field confers disease suppressive ability to conducive soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:112. [PMID: 38416182 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Organic agriculture is a sustainable method of farming, and confers disease-suppressing abilities to disease-conducive soils via specialized soil microbiomes. This study aimed at transforming a disease-conducive soil from a conventional field into disease-suppressive soil by inoculating soil from an organic field previously established as "disease-suppressive". The effectiveness of the transformed soil was established with the model plant wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown under natural conditions, with regard to its potential in inhibiting fungal phytopathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The conducive soil inoculated with the disease-suppressive soil performed better than the control conducive soil in terms of reduced disease severity in plants, improved soil nutrient content, increased activity of hydrolytic enzymes, and increased abundance of structural and functional microbial markers. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the soil microbiome under long-term organic agriculture in transforming disease-conducive soil into disease-suppressive soils. Such practises are simple and easy to implement, and could greatly improve the sustainability and crop yield in developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Khatri
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Annapurna Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Yashbir S Shivay
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong GJ, Khan F, Tabassum N, Kim YM. Chitinases as key virulence factors in microbial pathogens: Understanding their role and potential as therapeutic targets. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126021. [PMID: 37506799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Chitinases are crucial for the survival of bacterial and fungal pathogens both during host infection and outside the host in the environment. Chitinases facilitate adhesion onto host cells, act as virulence factors during infection, and provide protection from the host immune system, making them crucial factors in the survival of microbial pathogens. Understanding the mechanisms behind chitinase action is beneficial to design novel therapeutics to control microbial infections. This review explores the role of chitinases in the pathogenesis of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. The mechanisms underlying the action of chitinases of bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens in host cells are thoroughly reviewed. The evolutionary relationships between chitinases of various bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens are discussed to determine their involvement in processes, such as adhesion and host immune system modulation. Gaining a better understanding of the distribution and activity of chitinases in these microbial pathogens can help elucidate their role in the invasion and infection of host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kotb E, Alabdalall AH, Alghamdi AI, Ababutain IM, Aldakeel SA, Al-Zuwaid SK, Algarudi BM, Algarudi SM, Ahmed AA, Albarrag AM. Screening for chitin degrading bacteria in the environment of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the most potent chitinase from Streptomyces variabilis Am1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11723. [PMID: 37474592 PMCID: PMC10359409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-six promising chitinolytic isolates were recovered during a screening for chitinolytic bacteria in the environment of Saudi Arabia. The top three isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Streptomyces variabilis Am1 was able to excrete the highest amount of chitinases, reaching the maximum at 84 h with 0.5% yeast extract and nitrogen source and 2% galactose as a carbon source. Purification of chitinase by DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G75 improved the specific activity to 18.6-fold and the recovery to 23.8% and showed a mass at 56 kDa. The optimal catalysis of the purified chitinase was at 40 °C and pH 8 with high thermostability and pH stability as reflected by a midpoint temperature value of 66.6 °C and stability at pH 4-9. The protein reagents SDS, EDTA, and EGTA significantly inhibited the enzyme and the EDTA-chelated chitinase restored its activity after the addition of Fe2+ ions suggesting a metallo-chitinase type with ferric ions as cofactors. Chitinase exerted high antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. Interestingly, the tested Streptomyces were able to produce chitosan nanocubes along with chitosan from chitin degradation which may be an additional power in their antifungal activity in nature. This work also reveals the importance of unexplored environments as a pool of promising microorganisms with biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essam Kotb
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amira H Alabdalall
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzah I Alghamdi
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtisam M Ababutain
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayh A Aldakeel
- The National Center for Genomic Technology (NCGT), Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Genomic of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa K Al-Zuwaid
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batool M Algarudi
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakina M Algarudi
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A Ahmed
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Commerce, Al-Azhar University (Girls' Branch), P.O. Box 11751, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Albarrag
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wani AK, Akhtar N, Mir TUG, Rahayu F, Suhara C, Anjli A, Chopra C, Singh R, Prakash A, El Messaoudi N, Fernandes CD, Ferreira LFR, Rather RA, Américo-Pinheiro JHP. Eco-friendly and safe alternatives for the valorization of shrimp farming waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27819-z. [PMID: 37249769 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The seafood industry generates waste, including shells, bones, intestines, and wastewater. The discards are nutrient-rich, containing varying concentrations of carotenoids, proteins, chitin, and other minerals. Thus, it is imperative to subject seafood waste, including shrimp waste (SW), to secondary processing and valorization for demineralization and deproteination to retrieve industrially essential compounds. Although several chemical processes are available for SW processing, most of them are inherently ecotoxic. Bioconversion of SW is cost-effective, ecofriendly, and safe. Microbial fermentation and the action of exogenous enzymes are among the significant SW bioconversion processes that transform seafood waste into valuable products. SW is a potential raw material for agrochemicals, microbial culture media, adsorbents, therapeutics, nutraceuticals, and bio-nanomaterials. This review comprehensively elucidates the valorization approaches of SW, addressing the drawbacks of chemically mediated methods for SW treatments. It is a broad overview of the applications associated with nutrient-rich SW, besides highlighting the role of major shrimp-producing countries in exploring SW to achieve safe, ecofriendly, and efficient bio-products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Tahir Ul Gani Mir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Cece Suhara
- Research Center for Horticulture and Plantation, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Anjli Anjli
- HealthPlix Technologies Private Limited, Bengaluru, 560103, India
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Noureddine El Messaoudi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Clara Dourado Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
- Institute of Technology and Research, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Rauoof Ahmad Rather
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar 190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- Department of Forest Science, Soils and Environment, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Universitária, 3780, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, 584, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma A, Arya SK, Singh J, Kapoor B, Bhatti JS, Suttee A, Singh G. Prospects of chitinase in sustainable farming and modern biotechnology: an update on recent progress and challenges. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-31. [PMID: 36856523 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2183593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Chitinases are multifunctional biocatalysts for the pest control and useful in modern biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Chemical-based fungicides and insecticides have caused more severe effects on environment and human health. Many pathogenic fungal species and insects became resistant to the chemical pesticides. The resistant fungi emerged as a multidrug resistant also and less susceptible insects are not possible to control adequately. Chitinases have an immense potential to be exploited as a biopesticide against fungi and insects. The direct use of chitinase in liquid formulation or whole microbial enzyme producing cells, both act as antagonistically against the pests. Chitinase can disintegrate the fungal cell wall and insect integument that holds the chitin as a vital structural component. Moreover, chitinase is applied for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important chitooligosaccharides. Chitinase producing microbes have the huge potential to utilize against the waste management of sea food remains like shells of crustaceans. Chitinase is valuable for the synthesis of protoplasts from industrially important fungi, further it act as the biocontrol agent of malaria and dengue fever causing larvae of mosquitoes. Chitinases also have been successfully used in wine and single cell protein producing industries. Present review is illustrating the updated information on the state of the art of different applications of chitinases in agriculture and biotechnology industry. It also bestows the understanding to the readers about the areas of extensively studied and the field where there is still much left to be done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Sharma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | | | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Horticulture, SAGR, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara, Phagwara, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Suttee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara, India
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bacterial chitinases: genetics, engineering and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:252. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Raghav D, Jyoti A, Siddiqui AJ, Saxena J. Plant associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:287-310. [PMID: 35396804 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfill their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation, and industrial processes. Despite these, there are limited reports on fungal endophytes that can directly cater to the demand and supply of industrially stable enzymes. The underlying reasons include low endogenous production and secretion of enzymes from fungal endophytes which have raised concern for widely accepted applications. Hence it is imperative to augment the biosynthetic and secretory potential of fungal endophytes. Modern state-of-the-art biotechnological technologies aiming at strain improvement using cell factory engineering as well as precise gene editing like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its Associated proteins (Cas) systems which can provide a boost in fungal endophyte enzyme production. Additionally, it is vital to characterize optimum conditions to grow one strain with multiple enzymes (OSME). The present review encompasses various plants-derived endophytic fungal enzymes and their applications in various sectors. Further, we postulate the feasibility of new precision approaches with an aim for strain improvement and enhanced enzyme production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divyangi Raghav
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P O Box, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Potentials of Endophytic Fungi in the Biosynthesis of Versatile Secondary Metabolites and Enzymes. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
World population growth and modernization have engendered multiple environmental problems: the propagation of humans and crop diseases and the development of multi-drug-resistant fungi, bacteria and viruses. Thus, a considerable shift towards eco-friendly products has been seen in medicine, pharmacy, agriculture and several other vital sectors. Nowadays, studies on endophytic fungi and their biotechnological potentials are in high demand due to their substantial, cost-effective and eco-friendly contributions in the discovery of an array of secondary metabolites. For this review, we provide a brief overview of plant–endophytic fungi interactions and we also state the history of the discovery of the untapped potentialities of fungal secondary metabolites. Then, we highlight the huge importance of the discovered metabolites and their versatile applications in several vital fields including medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, industry and bioremediation. We then focus on the challenges and on the possible methods and techniques that can be used to help in the discovery of novel secondary metabolites. The latter range from endophytic selection and culture media optimization to more in-depth strategies such as omics, ribosome engineering and epigenetic remodeling.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hernandez-Montiel LG, Droby S, Preciado-Rangel P, Rivas-García T, González-Estrada RR, Gutiérrez-Martínez P, Ávila-Quezada GD. A Sustainable Alternative for Postharvest Disease Management and Phytopathogens Biocontrol in Fruit: Antagonistic Yeasts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122641. [PMID: 34961112 PMCID: PMC8708500 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest diseases of fruits caused by phytopathogens cause losses up to 50% of global production. Phytopathogens control is performed with synthetic fungicides, but the application causes environmental contamination problems and human and animal health in addition to generating resistance. Yeasts are antagonist microorganisms that have been used in the last years as biocontrol agents and in sustainable postharvest disease management in fruits. Yeast application for biocontrol of phytopathogens has been an effective action worldwide. This review explores the sustainable use of yeasts in each continent, the main antagonistic mechanisms towards phytopathogens, their relationship with OMIC sciences, and patents at the world level that involve yeast-based-products for their biocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. Hernandez-Montiel
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Calle Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.G.H.-M.); (G.D.Á.-Q.)
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Pablo Preciado-Rangel
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón, Carretera Torreón-San Pedro, Km 7.5, Ejido Ana, Torreón 27170, Mexico;
| | - Tomás Rivas-García
- Departamento de Sociología Rural, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carr. Federal México-Texcoco, Km 38.5, San Diego 56230, Mexico;
| | - Ramsés R. González-Estrada
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Avenida Tecnológico 2595, Col. Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Mexico; (R.R.G.-E.); (P.G.-M.)
| | - Porfirio Gutiérrez-Martínez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Avenida Tecnológico 2595, Col. Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Mexico; (R.R.G.-E.); (P.G.-M.)
| | - Graciela D. Ávila-Quezada
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Escorza 900, Col. Centro, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.G.H.-M.); (G.D.Á.-Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bai L, Kim J, Son KH, Chung CW, Shin DH, Ku BH, Kim DY, Park HY. Novel Bi-Modular GH19 Chitinase with Broad pH Stability from a Fibrolytic Intestinal Symbiont of Eisenia fetida, Cellulosimicrobium funkei HY-13. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111735. [PMID: 34827733 PMCID: PMC8615386 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-type chitinase is the principal enzyme involved in the breakdown of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-based oligomeric and polymeric materials through hydrolysis. The gene (966-bp) encoding a novel endo-type chitinase (ChiJ), which is comprised of an N-terminal chitin-binding domain type 3 and a C-terminal catalytic glycoside hydrolase family 19 domain, was identified from a fibrolytic intestinal symbiont of the earthworm Eisenia fetida, Cellulosimicrobium funkei HY-13. The highest endochitinase activity of the recombinant enzyme (rChiJ: 30.0 kDa) toward colloidal shrimp shell chitin was found at pH 5.5 and 55 °C and was considerably stable in a wide pH range (3.5–11.0). The enzyme exhibited the highest biocatalytic activity (338.8 U/mg) toward ethylene glycol chitin, preferentially degrading chitin polymers in the following order: ethylene glycol chitin > colloidal shrimp shell chitin > colloidal crab shell chitin. The enzymatic hydrolysis of N-acetyl-β-d-chitooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization from two to six and colloidal shrimp shell chitin yielded primarily N,N′-diacetyl-β-d-chitobiose together with a small amount of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. The high chitin-degrading ability of inverting rChiJ with broad pH stability suggests that it can be exploited as a suitable biocatalyst for the preparation of N,N′-diacetyl-β-d-chitobiose, which has been shown to alleviate metabolic dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bai
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Kwang-Hee Son
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Chung-Wook Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Dong-Ha Shin
- Insect Biotech Co. Ltd., Daejeon 34054, Korea; (D.-H.S.); (B.-H.K.)
| | - Bon-Hwan Ku
- Insect Biotech Co. Ltd., Daejeon 34054, Korea; (D.-H.S.); (B.-H.K.)
| | - Do Young Kim
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.Y.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.Y.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu P, Wang X, Ma J, Zhang Q, Chen Q. Chaperone-assisted soluble expression and characterization of chitinase chiZJ408 in Escherichia coli BL21 and the chitin degradation by recombinant enzyme. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:273-282. [PMID: 34110982 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1934698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone-assisted soluble expression and characterization of high molecular weight chitinase chiZJ408 in Escherichia coli BL21 were investigated. Chitin degradation products by chitinase chiZJ408 were analyzed. The results indicated that the introduction of the chaperone GroELS promoted the correct folding of chitinase chiZJ408 and increased its soluble expression by 14.9% (p < 0.05) in E. coli BL21. The optimal pH and temperature of chitinase chiZJ408 were respectively 6.0 and 50 °C. Chitinase chiZJ408 was stable at pHs of 4.0 ∼ 7.0 and at below 40 °C. Mg2+and Ca2+ had a significant impact on improving the activity of chitinase chiZJ408. Chitinase chiZJ408 was demonstrated to be exochitinase that cleaved the β-1,4-glycosidic bond of the chitin chain to generate only N,N'-diacetylchitobiose. This study broadens our understanding of chitinase and provides a basis for solving the problem of inclusion body formed by long fragment gene expression in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qili Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.
Collapse
|