1
|
Nisbett KE, Vendruscolo LF, Koob GF. Indulging Curiosity: Preliminary Evidence of an Anxiolytic-like Effect of Castor Oil and Ricinoleic Acid. Nutrients 2024; 16:1527. [PMID: 38794765 PMCID: PMC11124509 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the process of validating the elevated zero maze, a common test of anxiety-like behavior, in our laboratory, we demonstrated an anxiolytic-like effect of castor oil and its primary component, ricinoleic acid. We tested the effects of vehicle and chlordiazepoxide in male mice in the elevated zero maze following a 30-min pretreatment time. Chlordiazepoxide is a United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drug that was previously shown to exert anxiolytic-like effects in both the elevated zero maze and elevated plus maze. Chlordiazepoxide was administered at doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg. We used 5% polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® EL) and saline as treatment vehicles and found that the effect of chlordiazepoxide on open zone occupancy and open zone entries was blunted when 5% Kolliphor was used as the vehicle. These tests demonstrated that chlordiazepoxide increased open zone occupancy and entries in the elevated zero maze more effectively when saline was used as the treatment vehicle and that Kolliphor dampened the anxiolytic-like effect of chlordiazepoxide when it was used as the treatment vehicle. Notably, 5% Kolliphor alone slightly increased baseline open zone occupancy and entries. Given that Kolliphor is a derivative of castor oil, we next tested the effect of 5% castor oil and 5% ricinoleic acid, which is a major component of castor oil. We found that both castor oil and ricinoleic acid increased open zone occupancy but not entries compared with saline. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Kolliphor, castor oil, and ricinoleic acid may exert anxiolytic-like effects in male mice in the elevated zero maze. This potential anxiolytic-like effect of castor oil is consistent with its well-established beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and pain-relieving properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalin E. Nisbett
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate College, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Leandro F. Vendruscolo
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piao J, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zhao J, Lv Q, Ruan M, Yu Q, Li B. Antidepressant-like Effects of Representative Types of Food and Their Possible Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:6992. [PMID: 37836833 PMCID: PMC10574116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental disorder characterized by low mood, lack of motivation, negative cognitive outlook, and sleep problems. Suicide may occur in severe cases, although suicidal thoughts are not seen in all cases. Globally, an estimated 350 million individuals grapple with depression, as reported by the World Health Organization. At present, drug and psychological treatments are the main treatments, but they produce insufficient responses in many patients and fail to work at all in many others. Consequently, treating depression has long been an important topic in society. Given the escalating prevalence of depression, a comprehensive strategy for managing its symptoms and impacts has garnered significant attention. In this context, nutritional psychiatry emerges as a promising avenue. Extensive research has underscored the potential benefits of a well-rounded diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and meat in alleviating depressive symptoms. However, the intricate mechanisms linking dietary interventions to brain function alterations remain largely unexplored. This review delves into the intricate relationship between dietary patterns and depression, while exploring the plausible mechanisms underlying the impact of dietary interventions on depression management. As we endeavor to unveil the pathways through which nutrition influences mental well-being, a holistic perspective that encompasses multidisciplinary strategies gains prominence, potentially reshaping how we approach and address depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Piao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Changchun Zhuoyi Biological Co., Ltd., Changchun 130616, China;
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Mengyu Ruan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.P.); (T.Z.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.)
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun 130041, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun 130041, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
da Cruz Alves NM, Pfrimer K, Santos PC, de Freitas EC, Neves T, Pessini RA, Junqueira-Franco MVM, Nogueira-Barbosa MH, Greig CA, Ferriolli E. Randomised Controlled Trial of Fish Oil Supplementation on Responsiveness to Resistance Exercise Training in Sarcopenic Older Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142844. [PMID: 35889801 PMCID: PMC9317261 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on the muscle adaptive response to resistance exercise training, physical performance and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in sarcopenic older women. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is performed with thirty-four sarcopenic women (2010 European Consensus of Sarcopenia), aged ≥ 65 years. The participants are allocated into the following two groups: Exercise and Fish Oil (EFO) and Exercise and Placebo (EP). Both groups undertook a resistance exercise programme over 14 weeks. All participants are instructed to ingest 4 g/day of food supplements; the EP group received sunflower oil capsules, and the EFO group, fish oil capsules. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps muscle is calculated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The strength of the lower limbs is measured using isokinetic dynamometry. Both groups show improvements in CSA and strength after the intervention. Changes in EFO are significantly greater compared with EP for muscle strength (peak torque, 19.46 Nm and 5.74 Nm, respectively, p < 0.001). CSA increased after the intervention in both groups (EFO; 6.11% and EP; 2.91%), although there is no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.23). There are no significant intra-group, inter-group or time differences in any of the cytokines measured. The use of fish oil supplementation potentiates the neuromuscular response to the anabolic stimulus from training, increasing muscle strength and physical performance in sarcopenic older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Maira da Cruz Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenue Costábile Romano 2201, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Carvalho Santos
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara State, University of Sao Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil; (P.C.S.); (E.C.d.F.)
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara State, University of Sao Paulo, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil; (P.C.S.); (E.C.d.F.)
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Neves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
| | - Rodrigo Antônio Pessini
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.P.); (M.H.N.-B.)
| | - Márcia Varella Morandi Junqueira-Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
| | - Marcello H. Nogueira-Barbosa
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (R.A.P.); (M.H.N.-B.)
| | - Carolyn Anne Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences and MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (K.P.); (T.N.); (M.V.M.J.-F.); (E.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paula Farias Waltrick A, Henrique Bernardo de Lima Silva A, Cristina de Carvalho M, Aparecida Comotti de Oliveira B, Naliwaiko K, Maria da Cunha J, Menezes Zanoveli J. Preventive treatment with fish oil facilitates the antidepressant-like effect of antidepressant drugs in type-1 diabetes mellitus rats: implication of serotonergic system. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
5
|
Demers G, Roy J, Machuca-Parra AI, Dashtehei Pour Z, Bairamian D, Daneault C, Rosiers CD, Ferreira G, Alquier T, Fulton S. Fish oil supplementation alleviates metabolic and anxiodepressive effects of diet-induced obesity and associated changes in brain lipid composition in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1936-1945. [PMID: 32546855 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity significantly elevates the odds of developing mood disorders. Chronic consumption of a saturated high-fat diet (HFD) elicits anxiodepressive behavior in a manner linked to metabolic dysfunction and neuroinflammation in mice. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can improve both metabolic and mood impairments by relieving inflammation. Despite these findings, the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on energy homeostasis, anxiodepressive behavior, brain lipid composition, and gliosis in the diet-induced obese state are unclear. METHODS Male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a saturated high-fat diet (HFD) or chow for 20 weeks. During the last 5 weeks mice received daily gavage ("supplementation") of fish oil (FO) enriched with equal amounts of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or control corn oil. Food intake and body weight were measured throughout while additional metabolic parameters and anxiety- and despair-like behavior (elevated-plus maze, light-dark box, and forced swim tasks) were evaluated during the final week of supplementation. Forebrain lipid composition and markers of microglia activation and astrogliosis were assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS Five weeks of FO supplementation corrected glucose intolerance and attenuated hyperphagia in HFD-induced obese mice without affecting adipose mass. FO supplementation also defended against the anxiogenic and depressive-like effects of HFD. Brain lipids, particularly anti-inflammatory PUFA, were diminished by HFD, whereas FO restored levels beyond control values. Gene expression markers of brain reactive gliosis were supressed by FO. CONCLUSIONS Supplementing a saturated HFD with FO rich in EPA and DHA corrects glucose intolerance, inhibits food intake, suppresses anxiodepressive behaviors, enhances anti-inflammatory brain lipids, and dampens indices of brain gliosis in obese mice. Together, these findings support increasing dietary n-3 PUFA for the treatment of metabolic and mood disturbances associated with excess fat intake and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Demers
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, MontrealQC, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jerome Roy
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Arturo Israel Machuca-Parra
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zahra Dashtehei Pour
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, MontrealQC, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Diane Bairamian
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, MontrealQC, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, MontrealQC, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology Unit, UMR1296 INRA - Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Food4BrainHealth France-Canada International Research Network, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Food4BrainHealth France-Canada International Research Network, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, MontrealQC, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Food4BrainHealth France-Canada International Research Network, Bordeaux, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carabelli B, Delattre AM, Waltrick APF, Araújo G, Suchecki D, Machado RB, de Souza LER, Zanata SM, Zanoveli JM, Ferraz AC. Fish-oil supplementation decreases Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase expression and increases hippocampal serotonin levels in the LPS depression model. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112675. [PMID: 32407816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the hypothesis that the antidepressant-like effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is related to the Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition. METHODS Animals were supplemented for 50 days with 3.0 g/kg of Fish Oil (FO) or received water (Control group - C), via gavage. At the end of this period, both groups were injected with LPS 24 h before the modified forced swim test (MFST) and the open field. To assess the possible involvement of IDO in the FO effects, we performed two independent experiments, using two IDO inhibitors: the direct inhibitor 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-MT) and the anti-inflammatory drug minocycline (MINO), administered 23 h, 5 h and 1 h before the tests. After the tests, the animals' hippocampi were removed for quantification of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) by HPLC, and for IDO expression by western blot. RESULTS LPS induced a depressive-like state in the animals, and this effect was blocked by 1-MT, MINO and FO. Regardless of IDO inhibition, FO supplemented animals displayed an antidepressant-like response by increasing swimming and decreasing immobility frequencies in the MFST when compared to the control group. The immune challenge induced an over-expression of IDO and reduced hippocampal 5-HT levels, both of which were reversed by MINO and FO. CONCLUSION FO induced a pronounced antidepressant-like effect and prevented LPS-induced depressive-like behavior, and this effect was related to decreased IDO expression and increased 5-HT levels in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Carabelli
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ana Márcia Delattre
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Giulia Araújo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvio M Zanata
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Anete Curte Ferraz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rijal S, Changdar N, Kinra M, Kumar A, Nampoothiri M, Arora D, Shenoy RR, Ranganath Pai KS, Joseph A, Mudgal J. Neuromodulatory potential of phenylpropanoids; para-methoxycinnamic acid and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate on aluminum-induced memory deficit in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:334-343. [PMID: 30588862 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1561779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Para-methoxycinnamic acid (PMCA) and Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) are reported to possess neuroprotective effect in reversing an acute memory deficit. However, there is a dearth of evidence for their therapeutic effect in chronic memory deficit. Thus, there is a scope to study these derivatives against the chronic model of cognitive dysfunction. The present study was aimed to determine the cognitive enhancing activity of PMCA and EPMC in aluminum-induced chronic dementia. Cognitive enhancing property of PMCA and EPMC was assessed using Morris water maze by analyzing spatial memory parameters such as escape latency, D-quadrant latency, and island entries. To find a possible mechanism, the effect of test compounds on altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress was determined in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats. Docking interaction of these derivatives with acetylcholinesterase enzyme and glutamate receptors was also studied. Treatment with PMCA and EPMC showed a significant improvement in spatial memory markers and altered hippocampal AChE activity in rats with cognitive dysfunction. The implication of hippocampal and cortical oxidative stress in memory impairment was confirmed with decreased catalase/increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rats. PMCA and EPMC reversed the oxidative stress in the brain by negatively affecting TBARS levels. Against depleted catalase levels, PMCA was more effective than EPMC in raising the depleted catalase levels. In silico analysis revealed poor affinity of EPMC and PMCA with AChE enzyme and glutamate receptor. To conclude, PMCA and EPMC exerted cognitive enhancing property independent of direct AChE and glutamate receptor inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samita Rijal
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Nilanjan Changdar
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Manas Kinra
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Ayush Kumar
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Devinder Arora
- b School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , QUM, MHIQ, Griffith University , Queensland , Australia
| | - Rekha R Shenoy
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Alex Joseph
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jackson C, Barrett DW, Shumake J, Gonzales E, Gonzalez-Lima F, Lane MA. Maternal omega-3 fatty acid intake during neurodevelopment does not affect pup behavior related to depression, novelty, or learning. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:812. [PMID: 30442183 PMCID: PMC6238316 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previously, we showed that consumption of a diet supplemented with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3FAs) for two rounds of gestation and lactation increased the ability of rat dams to cope with stress when compared to dams that ingested a diet lacking n-3FAs. The objective of this study was to determine if the diets of these dams affected the behavior of their pups later in life. To isolate the neurodevelopmental effects of n-3FAs, pups from the second gestation were weaned to a diet adequate in n-3FAs. Pup testing began at 8 weeks of age and consisted of the forced swim, open field, and hole board tests to examine depression-related behavior, reaction to novelty, and learning and memory, respectively. Results Given the considerable difference in the n-3FA content of the maternal diet, we expected a large effect size, however with the exception of rearing duration, maternal diet did not affect behavior in any of the tests conducted. These results suggest that maternal n-3FA supplementation during neurodevelopment likely does not affect offspring behavior when a diet adequate in n-3FA is provided post-weaning. Rather, we hypothesize that brain n-3FAs at the time of testing confer altered behavior and corroborate the need for additional research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3915-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Jackson
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Douglas W Barrett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jason Shumake
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Elisa Gonzales
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - F Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michelle A Lane
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Larrieu T, Layé S. Food for Mood: Relevance of Nutritional Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depression and Anxiety. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1047. [PMID: 30127751 PMCID: PMC6087749 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has the highest concentration of lipids in the organism after adipose tissue. Among these lipids, the brain is particularly enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) represented by the omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) series. These PUFAs include arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. PUFAs have received substantial attention as being relevant to many brain diseases, including anxiety and depression. This review addresses an important question in the area of nutritional neuroscience regarding the importance of ω3 PUFAs in the prevention and/or treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, mainly depression and anxiety. In particular, it focuses on clinical and experimental data linking dietary intake of ω3 PUFAs and depression or anxiety. In particular, we will discuss recent experimental data highlighting how ω3 PUFAs can modulate neurobiological processes involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression. Potential mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective and corrective activity of ω3 PUFAs in the brain are discussed, in particular the sensing activity of free fatty acid receptors and the activity of the PUFAs-derived endocannabinoid system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Larrieu
- UMR 1286, NutriNeuro: Laboratoire Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- UMR 1286, NutriNeuro: Laboratoire Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Redivo DD, Schreiber AK, Adami ER, Ribeiro DE, Joca SR, Zanoveli JM, Cunha JM. Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid treatment over mechanical allodynia and depressive-like behavior associated with experimental diabetes. Behav Brain Res 2016; 298:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
11
|
Particle formation and characterization of mackerel reaction oil by gas saturated solution process. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 53:293-303. [PMID: 26787949 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Most of the health benefits of fish oil can be attributed to the presence of omega-3 fatty acids like Docosahexenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). There are few dietary sources of EPA and DHA other than oily fish. EPA and DHA have great potential effect on human health. In this research, Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extracted mackerel oil was reacted by enzyme at different systems to improve the EPA and DHA. Different types of immobilize enzyme TL-IM, RM-IM, Novozyme 435 were assessed for improving PUFAs. Best result was found at non-pressurized system using TL-IM. Reacted oil particle were obtained with polyethylene glycol by gas saturated solution process (PGSS). Different parameters like temperature, pressure, agitation speed and nozzle size effect on particle formulation were observed. SEM and PSA analysis showed, small size non spherical particles were obtained. It was found that after particle formation poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were present in particle as same in oil. PUFAs release from particle was almost linear against constant time duration. Oil quality in particle not change significantly, in this contrast this study will be helpful for food and pharmaceutical industry to provide high EPA and DHA containing powder.
Collapse
|
12
|
Influence of fish oil supplementation and strength training on some functional aspects of immune cells in healthy elderly women. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:43-52. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune function changes with ageing and is influenced by physical activity (strength training, ST) and diet (fish oil, FO). The present study investigated the effect of FO and ST on the immune system of elderly women. Forty-five women (64 (sd 1·4) years) were assigned to ST for 90 d (ST; n 15), ST plus 2 g/d FO for 90 d (ST90; n 15) or 2 g/d FO for 60 d followed by ST plus FO for 90 d (ST150; n 15). Training was performed three times per week, for 12 weeks. A number of innate (zymosan phagocytosis, lysosomal volume, superoxide anion, peroxide of hydrogen) and adaptive (cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), CD8, TNF-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 produced by lymphocytes) immune parameters were assessed before supplementation (base), before (pre-) and after (post-) training. ST induced no immune changes. FO supplementation caused increased phagocytosis (48 %), lysosomal volume (100 %) and the production of superoxide anion (32 %) and H2O2 (70 %) in the ST90. Additional FO supplementation (ST150) caused no additive influence on the immune system, as ST150 and ST90 did not differ, but caused greater changes when compared to the ST (P< 0·05). FO increased CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the ST150, which remained unchanged when training was introduced. The combination of ST and FO reduced TNF-α in the ST150 from base to post-test. FO supplementation (ST150, base–pre) when combined with exercise (ST150, pre–post) increased IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 production. The immune parameters improved in response to FO supplementation; however, ST alone did not enhance the immune system.
Collapse
|
13
|
Weiser MJ, Wynalda K, Salem N, Butt CM. Dietary DHA during development affects depression-like behaviors and biomarkers that emerge after puberty in adolescent rats. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:151-66. [PMID: 25411442 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DHA is an important omega-3 PUFA that confers neurodevelopmental benefits. Sufficient omega-3 PUFA intake has been associated with improved mood-associated measures in adult humans and rodents, but it is unknown whether DHA specifically influences these benefits. Furthermore, the extent to which development and puberty interact with the maternal diet and the offspring diet to affect mood-related behaviors in adolescence is poorly understood. We sought to address these questions by 1) feeding pregnant rats with diets sufficient or deficient in DHA during gestation and lactation; 2) weaning their male offspring to diets that were sufficient or deficient in DHA; and 3) assessing depression-related behaviors (forced swim test), plasma biomarkers [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin, and melatonin], and brain biomarkers (BDNF) in the offspring before and after puberty. No dietary effects were detected when the offspring were evaluated before puberty. In contrast, after puberty depressive-like behavior and its associated biomarkers were worse in DHA-deficient offspring compared with animals with sufficient levels of DHA. The findings reported here suggest that maintaining sufficient DHA levels throughout development (both pre- and postweaning) may increase resiliency to emotional stressors and decrease susceptibility to mood disorders that commonly arise during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Weiser
- Human Nutrition and Health (HNH)-Biological Models, DSM Nutritional Products, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Kelly Wynalda
- Human Nutrition and Health (HNH)-Biological Models, DSM Nutritional Products, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Norman Salem
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045
| | - Christopher M Butt
- Human Nutrition and Health (HNH)-Biological Models, DSM Nutritional Products, Boulder, CO 80301
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Omega-3 fatty acids improve behavioral coping to stress in multiparous rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 279:129-38. [PMID: 25446767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral coping refers to the ability to modify behavior to escape from stress, and is protective against the development of depressive disorders. Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) intake is inversely correlated with anxiety and depression in humans. The objective of this study was to determine if consumption of n-3 FAs promotes adaptive coping behaviors in a multiparous rat model. Twenty female rats were randomly assigned to diets with or without n-3 FA containing menhaden oil or sunflower oil as the fat source, respectively. Rats experienced two cycles of gestation and lactation. Behavioral testing began on the second day after the last parturition. Rats consuming n-3 FAs displayed improved escape learning in the shuttle box test. Specifically, rats consuming n-3 FAs escaped footshock more quickly and had a greater number of successful escapes in the shuttle box than rats not consuming n-3 FAs. Diet did not affect general activity in the open field, but rats consuming n-3 FAs showed less reactivity and habituation to novelty in the open field than rats not consuming n-3 FAs. Immobility and swimming in the forced swim test, risk-taking assessed by the light/dark test, sucrose drinking, and motor coordination were not significantly affected by diet. A diet enriched with n-3 FAs promoted behavioral escape changes consistent with increased adaptive coping to stressful events, suggesting that n-3 FAs may help prevent the development of stress-related depressive disorders.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pudell C, Vicente BA, Delattre AM, Carabelli B, Mori MA, Suchecki D, Machado RB, Zanata SM, Visentainer JV, de Oliveira Santos O, Lima MMS, Ferraz AC. Fish oil improves anxiety-like, depressive-like and cognitive behaviors in olfactory bulbectomised rats. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 39:266-74. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pudell
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia; Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; 81.531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Bianca A. Vicente
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia; Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; 81.531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Ana M. Delattre
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia; Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; 81.531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Bruno Carabelli
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia; Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; 81.531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Marco A. Mori
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia; Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; 81.531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal do São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Machado
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal do São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sílvio M. Zanata
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia; Departamento de Patologia Básica; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Jesuí V. Visentainer
- Laboratório de Química de Alimentos; Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Oscar de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Química de Alimentos; Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. S. Lima
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia; Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; 81.531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Anete C. Ferraz
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia; Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; 81.531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jansen D, Zerbi V, Arnoldussen IAC, Wiesmann M, Rijpma A, Fang XT, Dederen PJ, Mutsaers MPC, Broersen LM, Lütjohann D, Miller M, Joosten LAB, Heerschap A, Kiliaan AJ. Effects of specific multi-nutrient enriched diets on cerebral metabolism, cognition and neuropathology in AβPPswe-PS1dE9 mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75393. [PMID: 24086523 PMCID: PMC3782450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the use of multi-nutrient dietary interventions in search of alternatives for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study we investigated to which extent long-term consumption of two specific multi-nutrient diets can modulate AD-related etiopathogenic mechanisms and behavior in 11-12-month-old AβPPswe-PS1dE9 mice. Starting from 2 months of age, male AβPP-PS1 mice and wild-type littermates were fed either a control diet, the DHA+EPA+UMP (DEU) diet enriched with uridine monophosphate (UMP) and the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or the Fortasyn® Connect (FC) diet enriched with the DEU diet plus phospholipids, choline, folic acid, vitamins and antioxidants. We performed behavioral testing, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, immunohistochemistry, biochemical analyses and quantitative real-time PCR to gain a better understanding of the potential mechanisms by which these multi-nutrient diets exert protective properties against AD. Our results show that both diets were equally effective in changing brain fatty acid and cholesterol profiles. However, the diets differentially affected AD-related pathologies and behavioral measures, suggesting that the effectiveness of specific nutrients may depend on the dietary context in which they are provided. The FC diet was more effective than the DEU diet in counteracting neurodegenerative aspects of AD and enhancing processes involved in neuronal maintenance and repair. Both diets elevated interleukin-1β mRNA levels in AβPP-PS1 and wild-type mice. The FC diet additionally restored neurogenesis in AβPP-PS1 mice, decreased hippocampal levels of unbound choline-containing compounds in wild-type and AβPP-PS1 animals, suggesting diminished membrane turnover, and decreased anxiety-related behavior in the open field behavior. In conclusion, the current data indicate that specific multi-nutrient diets can influence AD-related etiopathogenic processes. Intervention with the FC diet might be of interest for several other neurodegenerative and neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Jansen
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse A. C. Arnoldussen
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Rijpma
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaotian T. Fang
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Dederen
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martina P. C. Mutsaers
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laus M. Broersen
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Miller
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J. Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ota KT, Duman RS. Environmental and pharmacological modulations of cellular plasticity: role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 57:28-37. [PMID: 22691453 PMCID: PMC3458126 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrophy of neurons and gross structural alterations of limbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, have been reported in brain imaging and postmortem studies of depressed patients. Preclinical findings have suggested that prolonged negative stress can induce changes comparable to those seen in major depressive disorder (MDD), through dendritic retraction and decreased spine density in PFC and hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that environmental and pharmacological manipulations, including antidepressant medication, exercise, and diet, can block or even reverse many of the molecular changes induced by stress, providing a clear link between these factors and susceptibility to MDD. In this review, we will discuss the environmental and pharmacological factors, as well as the contribution of genetic polymorphisms, involved in the regulation of neuronal morphology and plasticity in MDD and preclinical stress models. In particular, we will highlight the pro-depressive changes incurred by stress and the reversal of these changes by antidepressants, exercise, and diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie T Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Umegaki H, Iimuro S, Araki A, Sakurai T, Iguchi A, Yoshimura Y, Ohashi Y, Ito H. Association of higher carbohydrate intake with depressive mood in elderly diabetic women. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 12:267-71. [DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
19
|
Jansen D, Zerbi V, Janssen CIF, van Rooij D, Zinnhardt B, Dederen PJ, Wright AJ, Broersen LM, Lütjohann D, Heerschap A, Kiliaan AJ. Impact of a multi-nutrient diet on cognition, brain metabolism, hemodynamics, and plasticity in apoE4 carrier and apoE knockout mice. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 219:1841-68. [PMID: 23832599 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism and genetic background together strongly influence the development of both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). A non-pharmacological way to prevent the genotype-induced occurrence of these pathologies is given by dietary behavior. In the present study, we tested the effects of long-term consumption of a specific multi-nutrient diet in two models for atherosclerosis and vascular risk factors in AD: the apolipoprotein ε4 (apoE4) and the apoE knockout (apoE ko) mice. This specific multi-nutrient diet was developed to support neuronal membrane synthesis and was expected to contribute to the maintenance of vascular health. At 12 months of age, both genotypes showed behavioral changes compared to control mice and we found increased neurogenesis in apoE ko mice. The specific multi-nutrient diet decreased anxiety-related behavior in the open field, influenced sterol composition in serum and brain tissue, and increased the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in the brain. Furthermore, we found that wild-type and apoE ko mice fed with this multi-nutrient diet showed locally increased cerebral blood volume and decreased hippocampal glutamate levels. Taken together, these data suggest that a specific dietary intervention has beneficial effects on early pathological consequences of hypercholesterolemia and vascular risk factors for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Jansen
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shalavadi MH, Chandrashekhar VM, Avinash SP, Sowmya C, Ramkishan A. Neuroprotective activity of Stereospermum suaveolens DC against 6-OHDA induced Parkinson's disease model. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 44:737-43. [PMID: 23248404 PMCID: PMC3523502 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.103275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Stereospermum suaveolens DC on 6-hydroxy dopamine induced Parkinson's disease model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on Sprague-Dawley rats where parkinson's disease was induced by producing the striatal 6-hydroxy dopamine lesions. The test animals received methanolic extract of Stereospermum suaveolens at dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg for 42 days. Behavioral assessment, spontaneous locomotor activity and muscular coordination were studied. Antioxidant levels, striatal infraction area were assessed and histopathological studies were carried out. RESULTS The Stereospermum suaveolens DC methanolic extract showed significant dose dependent increase in behavioral activity, improved muscular coordination. Significant reduction of lipid peroxidation (LPO), increased antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and non-enzymatic activity of glutathione (GSH) and total thiol levels in extract treated groups was observed in test groups as compared to control group. Striatal infarction area was significantly reduced in extract treated groups as compared to control group. CONCLUSION The methanolic extract of Stereospermum suaveolens DC showed neuroprotective activity against 6-hydroxy dopamine induced Parkinson's disease in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Shalavadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Centre, Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy, BVVS Campus, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lourenço ACS, Gomes C, Boareto AC, Mueller RP, Nihi F, Andrade LF, Trindade ES, Coelho I, Naliwaiko K, Morais RN, Martino-Andrade AJ. Influence of oily vehicles on fetal testis and lipid profile of rats exposed to di-butyl phthalate. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:54-63. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112474847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that oils containing high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as canola and fish oil, could counteract some of the adverse effects induced by phthalates. In the present study, the influence of different oily vehicles on di-butyl phthalate (DBP)-induced testicular toxicity and lipid profile was investigated. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated by oral gavage from gestation days 13 to 20 with DBP (500 mg/kg/day) diluted in three different vehicles: corn, canola or fish oil. Male fetuses were analyzed on gestation day 20. DBP exposure lowered intratesticular testosterone levels and anogenital distance, regardless of the vehicle used. The percentage of seminiferous cords containing multinucleated gonocytes and cord diameter was increased in DBP-exposed groups, compared with vehicle controls, with no difference between the three DBP-exposed groups. Clustering of Leydig cells was seen in all DBP groups. Lipid profile indicated that administration of canola and fish oil can increase the content of omega-3 fatty acids in rat testis. However, content of omega-3 was diminished in DBP-treated groups. Overall, our results indicate that different oily vehicles did not alter fetal rat testicular toxicity induced by a high DBP dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ACS Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - C Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - AC Boareto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - RP Mueller
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - F Nihi
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - LF Andrade
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - ES Trindade
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - I Coelho
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - K Naliwaiko
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - RN Morais
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - AJ Martino-Andrade
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Borsonelo EC, Vieira L, Galduróz JCF. The influence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids on body weight and anxiolytic-like behavior in female rats. Nutr Neurosci 2012; 16:2-5. [PMID: 23321284 DOI: 10.1179/1476830512y.0000000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have showed the benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a complement in weight loss diets, even though the results are hardly conclusive. Additionally, anxiety is another relevant factor that influences not only the appetite but the locomotion of the animals as well. This study evaluated the effect of a diet enriched with PUFAs in relation to body weight in an animal model of anxiety (the elevated plus maze). Female Wistar rats were allocated to one of four groups and were fed different diets for 30 days: control diet (commercial chow (Nuvilab(®)); diet enriched with fish oil; diet enriched with linseed oil, and diet enriched with soybean oil. The body weight was not influenced by the kind of diet. The group that received food enriched with linseed oil remained in the open arms for longer periods when compared with the control group. This result suggests an anxiolytic-like effect in that group.
Collapse
|
23
|
Languille S, Aujard F, Pifferi F. Effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on the exploratory activity, emotional status and spatial memory of the aged mouse lemur, a non-human primate. Behav Brain Res 2012; 235:280-6. [PMID: 22921374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The data are inconsistent about the ability of dietary omega-3 fatty acids to prevent age-associated cognitive decline. Indeed, most clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids against cognitive decline, and methodological issues are still under debate. In contrast to human studies, experiments performed in adult rodents clearly indicate that omega-3 fatty acids supplement can improve behavioural and cognitive functions. The inconsistent observations between human and rodent studies highlight the importance of the use of non-human primate models. The aim of the present study was to address the impact of omega-3 fatty acids (given in the form of dietary fish oil) on exploratory activity, emotional status and spatial reference memory in the aged mouse lemur, a non-human primate. Aged animals fed fish oil exhibited decreased exploratory activity, as manifested by an increase in the latency to move and a reduced distance travelled in an open-field. The fish oil-supplemented animals exhibited no change in the anxiety level, but they were more reactive to go into the dark arms of a light/dark plus-maze. In addition, we found that fish oil supplementation did not significantly improve the spatial memory performance in the Barnes maze task. This study demonstrated for the first time that a fish oil diet initiated late in life specifically modifies the exploratory behaviour without improving the spatial memory of aged non-human primates. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may be effective when started early in life but less effective when started at later ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solène Languille
- UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Brunoy, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rodacki CLN, Rodacki ALF, Pereira G, Naliwaiko K, Coelho I, Pequito D, Fernandes LC. Fish-oil supplementation enhances the effects of strength training in elderly women. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:428-36. [PMID: 22218156 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.021915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle force and functional capacity generally decrease with aging in the older population, although this effect can be reversed, attenuated, or both through strength training. Fish oil (FO), which is rich in n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs, has been shown to play a role in the plasma membrane and cell function of muscles, which may enhance the benefits of training. The effect of strength training and FO supplementation on the neuromuscular system of the elderly has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the chronic effect of FO supplementation and strength training on the neuromuscular system (muscle strength and functional capacity) of older women. DESIGN Forty-five women (aged 64 ± 1.4 y) were randomly assigned to 3 groups. One group performed strength training only (ST group) for 90 d, whereas the others performed the same strength-training program and received FO supplementation (2 g/d) for 90 d (ST90 group) or for 150 d (ST150 group; supplemented 60 d before training). Muscle strength and functional capacity were assessed before and after the training period. RESULTS No differences in the pretraining period were found between groups for any of the variables. The peak torque and rate of torque development for all muscles (knee flexor and extensor, plantar and dorsiflexor) increased from pre- to posttraining in all groups. However, the effect was greater in the ST90 and ST150 groups than in the ST group. The activation level and electromechanical delay of the muscles changed from pre- to posttraining only for the ST90 and ST150 groups. Chair-rising performance in the FO groups was higher than in the ST group. CONCLUSIONS Strength training increased muscle strength in elderly women. The inclusion of FO supplementation caused greater improvements in muscle strength and functional capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia L N Rodacki
- Paraná Federal University, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fogaça MN, Santos-Galduróz RF, Eserian JK, Galduróz JCF. The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in alcohol dependence treatment--a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. BMC CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 11:10. [PMID: 21787433 PMCID: PMC3162484 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6904-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The lipid fraction of cell membranes consists of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS), and chronic alcohol use alters it, modifying its permeability, what might contribute for the dysfunctional metabolism observed in the central nervous system of alcohol dependent patients. Therefore, the supplementation of PUFAS can be an important adjuvant in alcoholism treatment. Methods This was a placebo controlled, double blind, randomized study where, 80 alcohol dependent patients, according to DSM-IV, were allocated in four groups with 20 patient each: 'PUFAS', 'Naltrexone', 'Naltrexone + PUFAS' and 'Placebo'. Those substances were administered for 90 days and scales were applied to assess patients craving (OCDS) and alcohol dependence severity (SADD) at baseline and after 90 days. PUFAS serum levels were assessed before and after treatment by high performance liquid chromatography assay. Results Forty-three patients completed the trial. There was a significant improvement over time on drinking days, SADD and OCDS scores in all groups (p < 0.001). The drinking days comparison between groups did not show statistical significant difference. The same effect was observed for compulsion (OCDS) and severity of dependence scale (SADD). The serum levels of PUFAS increased in all the supplemented groups after treatment, although not significantly. Conclusions The oral supplementation of 2 g PUFAS for 3 months did not significantly differ from placebo in reducing the amount of alcohol ingestion, or OCDS and SADD scores in a group of alcohol dependent patient. Trial registration NCT01211769
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Fogaça
- Psychobiology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, Rua Botucatu 862 - 1° Andar, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vines A, Delattre AM, Lima MMS, Rodrigues LS, Suchecki D, Machado RB, Tufik S, Pereira SIR, Zanata SM, Ferraz AC. The role of 5-HT₁A receptors in fish oil-mediated increased BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus and cortex: a possible antidepressant mechanism. Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:184-91. [PMID: 21740919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and dietary studies show that nutritional deficit of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) is directly related to the prevalence and severity of depression. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) during critical periods of development (pregnancy and lactation) is essential for cortical maturation, synaptogenesis and myelination, and may also mitigate the risk for cognitive deficits and psychopathologies in young adults. The present study was performed to evaluate the involvement of serotonin (5-HT) receptors, particularly of 5-HT(1A), and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the antidepressant effect of ω-3 PUFA supplementation. In Experiment 1, the antidepressant effects of fish oil were assessed by the modified forced swim test in adult rats. The data indicated a robust antidepressant effect produced by this supplementation and that treatment of the rats with WAY 100135 reversed this effect. In Experiment 2, cortical and hippocampal contents of BDNF, 5-HT, dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), were determined in animals subjected to the same protocol. Increased BDNF expression in the cortex and hippocampus of both age groups was detected. In 90 day-old rats, 5-HT content in the hippocampus was increased, whereas 5-HIAA formation was diminished in the fish oil group. We suggest the occurrence of a reciprocal involvement of 5-HT(1A) receptors activation and the hippocampal BDNF-increased expression mediated by fish oil supplementation. These data corroborate and expand the notion that supplementation with ω-3 PUFA produces antidepressant effects mediated by an increase in serotonergic neurotransmission, particularly in the hippocampus. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Anxiety and Depression'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparecida Vines
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81.531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ferraz AC, Delattre AM, Almendra RG, Sonagli M, Borges C, Araujo P, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Lima MM. Chronic ω-3 fatty acids supplementation promotes beneficial effects on anxiety, cognitive and depressive-like behaviors in rats subjected to a restraint stress protocol. Behav Brain Res 2011; 219:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
28
|
Yamazaki RK, Brito GAP, Coelho I, Pequitto DCT, Yamaguchi AA, Borghetti G, Schiessel DL, Kryczyk M, Machado J, Rocha RER, Aikawa J, Iagher F, Naliwaiko K, Tanhoffer RA, Nunes EA, Fernandes LC. Low fish oil intake improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and muscle metabolism on insulin resistant MSG-obese rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:66. [PMID: 21526994 PMCID: PMC3108314 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is commonly associated with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The purpose of this study was to determinate the effect of a lower dose of fish oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and muscle metabolism in obese rats. METHODS Monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g body weight) was injected in neonatal Wistar male rats. Three-month-old rats were divided in normal-weight control group (C), coconut fat-treated normal weight group (CO), fish oil-treated normal weight group (FO), obese control group (Ob), coconut fat-treated obese group (ObCO) and fish oil-treated obese group (ObFO). Obese insulin-resistant rats were supplemented with fish oil or coconut fat (1 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Insulin sensitivity, fasting blood biochemicals parameters, and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism were analyzed. RESULTS Obese animals (Ob) presented higher Index Lee and 2.5 fold epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue than C. Insulin sensitivity test (Kitt) showed that fish oil supplementation was able to maintain insulin sensitivity of obese rats (ObFO) similar to C. There were no changes in glucose and HDL-cholesterol levels amongst groups. Yet, ObFO revealed lower levels of total cholesterol (TC; 30%) and triacylglycerol (TG; 33%) compared to Ob. Finally, since exposed to insulin, ObFO skeletal muscle revealed an increase of 10% in lactate production, 38% in glycogen synthesis and 39% in oxidation of glucose compared to Ob. CONCLUSIONS Low dose of fish oil supplementation (1 g/kg/day) was able to reduce TC and TG levels, in addition to improved systemic and muscle insulin sensitivity. These results lend credence to the benefits of n-3 fatty acids upon the deleterious effects of insulin resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo K Yamazaki
- Department of Physiology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Supplementation with fish oil and coconut fat prevents prenatal stress‐induced changes in early postnatal development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 29:521-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
30
|
Wietrzych-Schindler M, Szyszka-Niagolov M, Ohta K, Endo Y, Pérez E, de Lera AR, Chambon P, Krezel W. Retinoid x receptor gamma is implicated in docosahexaenoic acid modulation of despair behaviors and working memory in mice. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:788-94. [PMID: 21334601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have antidepressant and promnemonic functions. The mechanisms of such activities are still elusive and may involve retinoid X receptors (RXRs), transcription factors known to bind DHA in vitro. METHODS Promnemonic and antidespair activities of acute DHA treatment were tested in BALBcByJ mice using spontaneous alternation and forced swim test, respectively. The involvement of retinoid receptors in such DHA activities was investigated using RXR and/or retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists to mimic DHA activities or a synthetic pan-RXR antagonist to block them. Involvement of RXR isotypes was analyzed using the same tasks and delayed nonmatch to place for working memory in RXRγ knockout mice. RESULTS Docosahexaenoic acid decreased despair behavior and improved working memory in BALBcByJ mice. Such effects were suppressed by co-treatment with BR1211, a pan-RXR antagonist, whereas a pan-RXR agonist, UVI2108, mimicked DHA activities. Retinoic acid (RA), a natural ligand of RXRs, also reduced despair behavior and improved working memory and such activities did not require activation of RARs, as RA effects were abolished by co-treatment with BR1211 and they were not reproduced by TTNPB, a pan-RAR agonist. The RXRγ knockout mice displayed increased despair and deficits in working memory, which were insensitive to DHA and pan-RXR agonist treatments, whereas DHA or UVI2108 reversed these deficits in RXRγ heterozygous mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that RXRs are a converging point in mediating DHA and RA modulations of despair behavior and working memory and that RXRγ is the predominant RXR isotype in these regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wietrzych-Schindler
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centres National de Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale/Université de Strasbourg/Collège de France, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Borsonelo EC, Suchecki D, Galduróz JCF. Effect of fish oil and coconut fat supplementation on depressive-type behavior and corticosterone levels of prenatally stressed male rats. Brain Res 2011; 1385:144-50. [PMID: 21349251 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PNS) during critical periods of brain development has been associated with numerous behavioral and/or mood disorders in later life. These outcomes may result from changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, which, in turn, can be modulated by environmental factors, such as nutritional status. In this study, the adult male offspring of dams exposed to restraint stress during the last semester of pregnancy and fed different diets were evaluated for depressive-like behavior in the forced swimming test and for the corticosterone response to the test. Female Wistar rats were allocated to one of three groups: regular diet, diet supplemented with coconut fat or with fish oil, offered during pregnancy and lactation. When pregnancy was confirmed, they were distributed into control or stress groups. Stress consisted of restraint and bright light for 45 min, three times per day, in the last week of pregnancy. The body weight of the adult offspring submitted to PNS was lower than that of controls. In the forced swimming test, time of immobility was reduced and swimming was increased in PNS rats fed fish oil and plasma corticosterone levels immediately after the forced swimming test were lower in PNS rats fed regular diet than their control counterparts; this response was reduced in control rats whose mothers were fed fish oil and coconut fat. The present results indicate that coconut fat and fish oil influenced behavioral and hormonal responses to the forced swimming test in both control and PNS adult male rats.
Collapse
|
32
|
Krzyżosiak A, Szyszka-Niagolov M, Wietrzych M, Gobaille S, Muramatsu SI, Krężel W. Retinoid X Receptor Gamma Control of Affective Behaviors Involves Dopaminergic Signaling in Mice. Neuron 2010; 66:908-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
33
|
Delattre AM, Kiss Á, Szawka RE, Anselmo-Franci JA, Bagatini PB, Xavier LL, Rigon P, Achaval M, Iagher F, de David C, Marroni NA, Ferraz AC. Evaluation of chronic omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on behavioral and neurochemical alterations in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Res 2010; 66:256-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
34
|
Rizelio V, Szawka R, Xavier L, Achaval M, Rigon P, Saur L, Matheussi F, Delattre A, Anselmo-Franci J, Meneses M, Ferraz A. Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus reverses motor deficits but not death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in a rat 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion model of Parkinson's disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:85-95. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009007500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L.L. Xavier
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - M. Achaval
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - P. Rigon
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - L. Saur
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Coluccia A, Borracci P, Renna G, Giustino A, Latronico T, Riccio P, Carratù MR. Developmental omega‐3 supplementation improves motor skills in juvenile‐adult rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27:599-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Addolorata Coluccia
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Pietro Borracci
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Renna
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Arcangela Giustino
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology “Ernesto Quagliariello”University of Bari70126BariItaly
| | - Paolo Riccio
- Department of BiologyD.B.A.F., University of Basilicata85100PotenzaItaly
| | - Maria Rosaria Carratù
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Venna VR, Deplanque D, Allet C, Belarbi K, Hamdane M, Bordet R. PUFA induce antidepressant-like effects in parallel to structural and molecular changes in the hippocampus. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009; 34:199-211. [PMID: 18848400 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption may be inversely correlated to the prevalence and severity of depression but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we experimentally investigated whether a chronic supplementation with PUFA may induce antidepressant-like effects in mice in parallel to brain structural and molecular changes. Six weeks feeding with a PUFA-enriched diet induced behavioral changes in the Forced Swim Test (FST), the Tail Suspension Test and the Novelty-Suppressed Feeding Test. Moreover, more than 5 weeks supplementation with a PUFA blend containing 70% alpha-linolenic acid induced antidepressant-like effects in the FST with an increase in both swimming and climbing behaviors. The combination of a shorter duration of PUFA supplementation with a low dose of imipramine also induced an additive effect in the FST. Finally, PUFA supplementation was associated with an increase in the hippocampal volume, an over-expression of both synaptophysin and BDNF, and a raise in the number of newborn cells. Besides the possible modulation of brain plasticity, present results highlight the effectiveness of PUFA given alone or in combination with antidepressant drug as potential treatment of depressive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Reddy Venna
- Département de Pharmacologie médicale - EA 1046, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique - Université de Lille 2, 1 place Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Deplanque
- Département de Pharmacologie médicale - EA 1046, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique - Université de Lille 2, 1 place Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Allet
- INSERM U 837, Centre de Recherche Jean Pierre Aubert, Bâtiment Biserte, place Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Karim Belarbi
- INSERM U 837, Centre de Recherche Jean Pierre Aubert, Bâtiment Biserte, place Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Malika Hamdane
- INSERM U 837, Centre de Recherche Jean Pierre Aubert, Bâtiment Biserte, place Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Département de Pharmacologie médicale - EA 1046, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique - Université de Lille 2, 1 place Verdun, 59045 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Depression in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation. J Affect Disord 2008; 111:351-9. [PMID: 18485485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effect of fish oil supplementation in parkinsonian patients with depression measured by Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale (MADRS), the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BECK). METHOD Double-blind, placebo-controlled study analyzed depression in 31 patients with Parkinson's Disease and Major Depression (DSM-IV). The patients were double-blind separated in 2 groups that received fish oil (containing omega-3 fatty acids) or mineral oil capsules for 3 months; each group was separated in 2 new groups: one taking antidepressant medication and another one not taking it. RESULTS 29 patients completed the 12-week trial, 58% were female and the mean age was 64.4 years old. Patients supplemented with fish oil showed a significant decrease in MADRS and CGI-Depression scores, and there was no difference among groups in BDI. 14 patients (42%) met criteria for > or = 50% reduction in MADRS score, 7 patients (22%) met criteria for remission (final MADRS total score < or = 12), and 2 patients (6%) discontinued supplementation of fish oil. HPLC analysis of fatty-acid profile showed increase of omega-3 fatty acid in the erythrocyte membrane of patients taking fish oil. CONCLUSION These results reveal that PD patients taking fish oil, with or without antidepressants, presented improvement in depressive symptoms and indicate that the intake of omega-3 can be used with an antidepressant effect or as adjuvant therapy with some other medication. This is a first pilot study with parkinsonian patients and omega-3 supplementation and requires replication in a larger sample.
Collapse
|
38
|
Fitten LJ, Ortiz F, Fairbanks L, Rosenthal M, Cole GN, Nourhashemi F, Sanchez MA. Depression, diabetes and metabolic-nutritional factors in elderly Hispanics. J Nutr Health Aging 2008; 12:634-40. [PMID: 18953461 DOI: 10.1007/bf03008274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of depression to metabolic and nutritional risk factors in older Hispanics. DESIGN Crossectional study. SETTING Subjects were part of a community-based, cognitive evaluation project that examined 301 subjects in the Eastern San Fernando Valley of Southern California. PARTICIPANTS Two elderly Hispanic groups: 53 clinically depressed, with memory complaints but not demented subjects, and 33 generally healthy, cognitively asymptomatic subjects. MEASUREMENTS The results of functional and nutritional questionnaires, a medical and neurological examination, 12-hour fasting clinical laboratory tests, MRI or CT scans, and neuropsychological testing. RESULTS Both groups were nearly identical along socio-demographic variables. However, the depressed group differed significantly from the general healthy group not only in percent of diabetics (38% vs.18%), but in the amount of poorly controlled diabetes, and the depressed group consumed about half the amount of fish that the generally healthy group did. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that factors such as poorly controlled diabetes combined with low consumption of foods high in omega-3 fatty acid content such as sea fish may be associated with an increased risk of developing depression in late life. These factors may be socio-economically and culturally influenced and are therefore amenable to modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Fitten
- Alzheimer Disease Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Plamondon H, Roberge MC. Dietary PUFA supplements reduce memory deficits but not CA1 ischemic injury in rats. Physiol Behav 2008; 95:492-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
40
|
Borsonelo EC, Galduróz JCF. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in development, aging and substance abuse disorders: review and propositions. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:237-45. [PMID: 18502631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3 and -6, play an important role in the functioning of membranes. Therefore, changes in their physical properties might entail impairment of the neurotransmission between cells. Studies emphasize the importance of omega-3 intakes, but they also highlight the need of a balance between omega-6 and -3, whose ideal ratio should be 4:1. The Western diet has very high amounts of saturated fat and omega-6, which might contribute, at least partially, to physiopathologies and high incidence as well as prevalence of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This narrow review aimed at systematizing the studies on the importance of PUFAs in some particular cases, that is, the extremes of life: pre- and post-natal development, and cognitive aging. Additionally, it aimed at studying the association between PUFAs and substance abuse disorders. We used the databases LILACs, MEDLINE and PUBMED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Borsonelo
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ferraz AC, Kiss A, Araújo RLF, Salles HMR, Naliwaiko K, Pamplona J, Matheussi F. The antidepressant role of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in two phases in the developing brain. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:183-8. [PMID: 18378130 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigated the effect from fish oil (FO) supplementation, rich in n-3 fatty acids, on an antidepressant effect on adult rats in Phase A (supplementation during pregnancy and lactation) and phase B (supplementation during post-weaning until adulthood). During Phase A, female rats, used as matrix to obtain male rats, were divided in three groups: FO (daily supplemented), CF (coconut fat daily supplemented) and control (not supplemented). Our results showed that adult rats whose mothers were supplemented with FO during Phase A and rats supplemented during phase B demonstrated a significantly decreased immobility time when compared to control and CF groups. There was no difference in neither motor activity nor anxiety behavior in the three groups excluding false positive results. Our results suggest that n-3 fatty acids supplementation during Phases A and B had a beneficial effect on preventing the development of depression-like behavior in adult rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anete Curte Ferraz
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Song C, Li X, Kang Z, Kadotomi Y. Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-eicosapentaenoate attenuates IL-1beta-induced changes in dopamine and metabolites in the shell of the nucleus accumbens: involved with PLA2 activity and corticosterone secretion. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32:736-44. [PMID: 16794572 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) induces changes in dopaminergic (DA) and serotonergic systems in the core of the [corrected] nucleus accumbens (NAc). We have also demonstrated that n-3 fatty acid ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPA) can significantly reduce stress and anxiety-like behaviors, corticosterone concentrations [corrected] and peripheral inflammatory response induced by IL-1 administration. Compared to the core, the shell is involved more in emotion, stress and psychiatric diseases. However, the relationship between inflammation and the functions of DA system in the shell has not been studied. Since phospholipase (PL) A2 is a key enzyme in the [corrected] arachidonic acid-eicosanoids-prostaglandin [corrected] (PG)E2 pathway, and the change in NAc DA [corrected] system has been associated with glucocorticoid stimulation; [corrected] therefore, the hypotheses of this study are (1) that IL-1 induced changes in DA neurotransmission in the shell may be through PLA2-PGE2-corticosterone pathway; (2) EPA may attenuate IL-1 effects via inhibiting PLA2 activities, which blocks PGE2 stimulation of corticosterone. Using an in vivo microdialysis method, the present study showed that IL-1 administration significantly increased extracellular levels of DA, and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, [corrected] and homovanillic acid [corrected] in the shell of the NAc. IL-1 also increased blood concentration of corticosterone and PGE2, and increased the activities of cytosolic and secretory [corrected] PLA2. IL-1-induced changes were significantly attenuated by EPA treatment. Furthermore, glucocorticoid [corrected] receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU486) pretreatment significantly blocked IL-1-induced changes in DA and metabolites. Quinacrine, [corrected] a PLA2 antagonist significantly blocked IL-1-induced [corrected] increase in PGE2 and corticosterone concentrations. These results demonstrated the hypotheses that IL-1 effects may be via PLA2-PGE2-corticosterone pathway and EPA attenuated IL-1 effects may be through the suppression of PLA2 expression, which then reduced PGE2 synthesis and corticosterone secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, AVC, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rao JS, Ertley RN, Lee HJ, DeMar JC, Arnold JT, Rapoport SI, Bazinet RP. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation in rats decreases frontal cortex BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:36-46. [PMID: 16983391 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been implicated in bipolar disorder. It also has been reported that dietary deprivation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for 15 weeks in rats, increased their depression and aggression scores. Here, we show that n-3 PUFA deprivation for 15 weeks decreased the frontal cortex DHA level and reduced frontal cortex BDNF expression, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) transcription factor activity and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. Activities of other CREB activating protein kinases were not significantly changed. The addition of DHA to rat primary cortical astrocytes in vitro, induced BDNF protein expression and this was blocked by a p38 MAPK inhibitor. DHA's ability to regulate BDNF via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy in brain diseases having disordered cell survival and neuroplasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Borsonelo EC, Galduróz JCF, Suchecki D, Calil HM. The influence of n-6 fatty acid supplemented diet on the effect of imipramine in an animal model of depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 86:113-6. [PMID: 17275891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have shown an association between polyunsaturated fatty acid and depression. This study examined the effect of the supplementation with n-6 fatty acid on the behavior of rats treated with imipramine and submitted to the Forced Swimming Test (FST). Non-supplemented imipramine-treated rats presented a significant reduction of immobility time in the FST whereas n-6 fatty acid-supplemented rats showed a significantly higher immobility time. Imipramine significantly increased norepinephrine plasma concentrations in the two groups. These results show that the diet supplemented with n-6 fatty acid altered the behavior of the animals in the FST, inhibiting the imipramine effect.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
This paper reviews the role of the n-3 fatty acids in the regulation of cognitive functions, locomotor and exploratory activity and emotional status in rodents. There are disparate data on the performance of n-3 fatty acid deficient animals in the open field test and elevated plus maze. Results obtained in our laboratory indicated slower habituation to the open field in deficient mice, which affects total locomotor and exploratory parameters. We also observed no change in plus maze performance of deficient mice under low-stress but elevated anxiety under high-stress conditions. There is some evidence of elevated aggression and increased immobility time in the forced swimming test caused by n-3 fatty acid deficiency in rodents. Effects of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and supplementation on learning in several tests such as the Morris water maze, two odor olfactory discriminations, radial arm maze performance and avoidance tasks are reviewed in detail. There is some evidence of an enhanced vulnerability to stress of n-3 fatty acid deficient animals and this factor can influence performance in a variety of tests. Thus, behavioral tasks that involve a higher level of stress may better differentiate behavioral effects related to brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status. It is suggested that a fruitful area for future investigations of functional alterations related to brain DHA status will be the delineation of the factors underlying changes in performance in behavioral tasks. The possible role of non-cognitive factors like emotionality and attention in the impaired performance of n-3 fatty acid deficient animals also requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Fedorova
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, MSC 9410, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hirunpanich V, Katagi J, Sethabouppha B, Sato H. DEMONSTRATION OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID AS A BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCER FOR CYP3A SUBSTRATES: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVIDENCE USING CYCLOSPORIN IN RATS. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 34:305-10. [PMID: 16299163 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.007088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between cyclosporin A (CsA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vivo, 5 mg/kg CsA was orally or intravenously coadministered with DHA (50-200 microg/kg) to rats. The effect of DHA on CYP3A activity was determined using rat liver microsomes in vitro. Moreover, the effect of DHA on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function was examined using cultured Caco-2 cells in vitro. After oral coadministration of CsA with 100 microg/kg and 200 microg/kg DHA, bioavailability (BA) was significantly increased, compared with control rats. In contrast, no pharmacokinetic interaction was observed when CsA was intravenously administered in rats dosed orally with DHA, suggesting that DHA did not affect hepatic metabolism. The formation of 6beta-hydroxytestosterone from testosterone in rat liver microsomes was competitively inhibited by DHA. The Km, Vmax, and Ki values were 25.5 microM, 2.45 nmol/min/mg protein, and 5.52 microM, respectively. Moreover, basal-to-apical transport of [3H]CsA in the Caco-2 cell monolayer was not affected by DHA but was decreased by valspodar (PSC 833), a P-gp inhibitor. Our finding is the first to indicate that DHA inhibits intestinal CYP3A both in vitro and in vivo, but not P-gp. It was thus demonstrated that DHA could be used as a BA enhancer for the drugs that are extensively metabolized by CYP3A in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilasinee Hirunpanich
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Balon R. Reflections on relevance: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics in 2004. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2005; 74:3-9. [PMID: 15627850 DOI: 10.1159/000082020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Relevance of an article is a highly desirable yet hardly predictable quality at the time of its publication. Article relevance is frequently measured by the impact factor of the journal where the article is published. Furthermore, impact factor, citation index and citation analysis are used as a measure of research progress and scientific wealth of a nation. The wisdom and significance of this approach to relevance is debatable and thus discussed here. In 2004, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics published a variety of articles which, in the author's view, are clinically relevant. Several selected clinically relevant issues reviewed in this article include: the conceptualization of fibromyalgia as a stress disorder; the psychosocial impact and psychosocial interventions in cancer; the impact of alexithymia on patient care; the possible relationship between depression and nutrition (namely intake of folate and pyridoxal phosphate); the significance of hypercoagulability in panic-like anxiety; the questionable value of single isomer drugs, and the relevance and adequacy of clinimetrics versus psychometrics in clinical research. The reviewed issues seem to be relevant to clinical practice, research or both, but also to our critical thinking, and the critical review of the developments in psychiatry and psychology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Balon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| |
Collapse
|