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de Oliveira-Silva J, Lisboa PC, Lotufo-Denucci B, Fraga M, de Moura EG, Nunes FC, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Filgueiras CC, Abreu-Villaça Y, Manhães AC. Maternal protein restriction during the lactation period disrupts the ontogenetic development of behavioral traits in male Wistar rat offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37185045 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal undernutrition in rats results in short- and long-term behavioral and hormonal alterations in the offspring. It is not clear, however, whether these effects are present since the original insult or if they develop at some specific age later in life. Here, we assessed the ontogenetic profile of behavioral parameters associated with anxiety, exploration and memory/learning of Wistar rat offspring that were subjected to protein malnutrition during lactation. Dams and respective litters were separated into two groups: (1) protein-restricted (PR), which received a hypoproteic chow (8% protein) from birth to weaning [postnatal day (PN) 21]; (2) control (C), which received normoproteic chow. Offspring's behaviors, corticosterone, catecholamines, T3 and T4 levels were assessed at PN21 (weaning), PN45 (adolescence), PN90 (young adulthood) or PN180 (adulthood). PR offspring showed an age-independent reduction in the levels of anxiety-like behaviors in the Elevated Plus Maze and better memory performance in the Radial Arm Water Maze. PR offspring showed peak exploratory activity in the Open Field earlier in life, at PN45, than C, which showed theirs at PN90. Corticosterone was reduced in PR offspring, particularly at young adulthood, while catecholamines were increased at weaning and adulthood. The current study shows that considerable age-dependent variations in the expression of the observed behaviors and hormonal levels exist from weaning to adulthood in rats, and that protein restriction during lactation has complex variable-dependent effects on the ontogenesis of the assessed parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Oliveira-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Lisboa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lotufo-Denucci
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Mabel Fraga
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Egberto G de Moura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Nunes
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Dr. Francisco Portela 1470 - Patronato, São Gonçalo, RJ, 24435-005, Brazil
| | - Cláudio C Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Alex C Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
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Mohammed S, Qadri SSYH, Molangiri A, Basak S, Rajkumar H. Gestational low dietary protein induces intrauterine inflammation and alters the programming of adiposity & insulin sensitivity in the adult offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109330. [PMID: 36967094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition associated with low dietary protein can induce gestational inflammation and sets a long-lasting metabolic impact on the offspring even after replenishment. The work investigated whether a low-protein diet (LPD) during pregnancy and lactation induces intrauterine inflammation and predisposes offspring to adiposity and insulin resistance in their adult life. Female Golden Syrian hamsters were fed LPD (10.0% energy from protein) or a control diet (CD, 20.0 % energy from protein) from preconception until lactation. All pups were switched to CD after lactation and continued until the end. Maternal LPD increased intrauterine inflammation by enhancing neutrophil infiltration, amniotic hsCRP, oxidative stress, and mRNA expression of NFκβ, IL8, COX2, and TGFβ in the chorioamniotic membrane (P<.05). The prepregnancy body weight, placental, and fetal weights, serum AST and ALT were decreased, while blood platelets, lymphocytes, insulin, and HDL were significantly increased in LPD-fed dams (P<.05). A postnatal switch to an adequate protein could not prevent hyperlipidemia in the 6-months LPD/CD offspring. The lipid profile and liver functions were restored over 10 months of protein feeding but failed to normalize fasting glucose and body fat accumulation compared to CD/CD. LPD/CD showed elevated GLUT4 expression & activated pIRS1 in the skeletal muscle and increased expression of IL6, IL1β, and p65-NFκB proteins in the liver (P<.05). In conclusion, present data suggest that maternal protein restriction may induce intrauterine inflammation and affect liver inflammation in the adult offspring by an influx of fats from adipose that may alter lipid metabolism and reduce insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
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Dos Reis Araujo T, Lubaczeuski C, Carneiro EM. Effects of double burden malnutrition on energetic metabolism and glycemic homeostasis: A narrative review. Life Sci 2022; 307:120883. [PMID: 35970240 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid changes in the food process led to greater consumption of ultra-processed foods which, associated with reduced physical activity, increased the number of overweight and obese individuals worldwide. However, in low and middle-income countries (LMICS) the growth of the obesity epidemic took place despite the high prevalence of undernutrition in children. This generated the coexistence of these two nutritional patterns, currently defined as double burden malnutrition (DBM). Several reports have already described the social, political, and economic aspects related to the causes and possible solutions for the control of DBM. Here, we highlight the metabolic alterations, related to fat deposition and glycemic homeostasis, described in experimental models of DBM and the differential effects of therapeutic strategies already tested. Therefore, this work aims to help the scientific community to understand how the DBM can lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes through different mechanisms from traditional models of obesity and highlights the need to study these mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies to improve damages caused by DBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Dos Reis Araujo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Zhang Y, Pu J, Ding Y, Wu L, Yin Y, Sun M, Gu Y, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Zheng Q, He Q, Xu T, He Y, Su H, Zhou X, Li L, Ye Y, Li J, Xu Z. Sex Differences at Early Old Stage in Glycolipid Metabolism and Fatty Liver in Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Chinese Great Famine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913966. [PMID: 35811949 PMCID: PMC9257182 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAbout 50 years ago, Chinese Great Famine (CGF) affected the entire population in China, and its long-term influence on the offspring has attracted significant attention for research. However, information on possible metabolic differences between sexes is limited. This study explored whether there might be sex differences in the risks of development of glucolipid metabolic dysfunction and fatty liver following prenatal exposure to CGF.Materials and MethodsThere were 11,417 subjects around 55 years of age (6,661 women and 4,756 men). They were divided as the exposed group in which the fetal stage was in CGF, and the unexposed group included those born after CGF. Analysis focused on comparisons between sexes.ResultsCompared to the unexposed group, the BMI and triglyceride (P < 0.05) in men were higher in exposed group, while waist circumference and blood sugar (P < 0.05) in the exposed women were significantly higher. With the ages being properly balanced, the risks of glycolipid metabolic dysfunction were significantly higher in both men and women in the exposed than in the unexposed group (P < 0.001). Prenatal exposure to CGF significantly increased risks of abnormal BMI (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.305–2.93), blood sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.050–1.401), triglycerides (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.006–1.245), and fatty liver (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.121–1.390) in men, and increased risks of abnormal blood sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.024–1.689) and positive urine sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.062–6.211) in women. Height and body weight were either the same or higher in the exposed subjects compared with the unexposed ones, regardless of sexes.ConclusionThis study is the first to identify sex differences in the long-term effects of CGF on metabolism and fatty liver. Importance of the findings include the benefits of prescribing medicine for the early prevention of certain diseases for each sex before aging based on the differences revealed. This study also shows “catch-up growth” in the offspring prenatally exposed to CGF as possible mechanisms underlying the long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Pu
- The Center of Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Yin
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingya Sun
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Daiyi Zhang
- The Center of Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiutong Zheng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinyuan He
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun He
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhice Xu,
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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid improves glucose tolerance and reduces adiposity in normal protein and malnourished mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Miranda GDS, de Lima TAL, Costermani HDO, Ricken CLRDS, Parrela JPSDS, Membrive BLA, de Almeida RE, Facchi JC, de Oliveira LR, Miranda RA, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC, de Oliveira JC. Breastfeeding undernutrition changes iBAT-involved thermogenesis protein expression and leads to a lean phenotype in adult rat offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108857. [PMID: 34520852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional insults early in life have been associated with metabolic diseases in adulthood. We aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal food restriction during the suckling period on metabolism and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) thermogenically involved proteins in adult rat offspring. Wistar rats underwent food restriction by 50% during the first two-thirds of lactation (FR50 group). Control rats were fed ad libitum throughout lactation (CONT group). At birth, the litter size was adjusted to eight pups, and weaning was performed at 22 days old. Body weight and food and water intake were assessed every two days. High- (HCD, 4,589 cal) and normal-caloric diet (NCD, 3,860 cal) preferences, as well as food intake during the dark part of the cycle, were assessed. At 100 days old, the rats were euthanized, and blood and tissues were removed for further analyses. Adult FR50 rats, although hyperphagic and preferring to eat HCD (P<.001), were leaner (P<.001) than the CONT group. The FR50 rats, were normoglycemic (P=.962) and had hypertriglyceridemia (P<.01). In addition, the FR50 rats were dyslipidemic (P<.01), presenting with a high atherogenic risk by the Castelli indexes (P<.01), had a higher iBAT mass (P<.01), fewer β3 adrenergic receptors (β3-AR, P<.05) and higher iBAT expression of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1, P<.05) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α, P<.001) than the CONT rats. In conclusion, maternal food restriction during early breastfeeding programs rat offspring to have a lean phenotype, despite hyperphagia, and increased iBAT UCP1 and PGC-1α protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginislene Dias Souza Miranda
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Thalyne Aparecida Leite de Lima
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Hercules de Oliveira Costermani
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Camila Luiza Rodrigues Dos Santos Ricken
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Jocemara Patrícia Silva de Souza Parrela
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Letícia Antonio Membrive
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Raul Evangelista de Almeida
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Júlia Cristina Facchi
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ryba de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
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Early postnatal overnutrition impairs VO 2max gains with moderate exercise and increase post-exercise muscle damage in adult male rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:406-410. [PMID: 34284843 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exercise counteracts obesity effects, but information on how early-life obesity may affect long-term adaptation to exercise is lacking. This study investigates the impact of early-life postnatal overfeeding (PO) on animals' adaptation to exercise. Only male Wistar rats were used. On postnatal day (PN) 30, rats from control (NL-9 pups) or PO (SL-3 pups) litters were separated into four groups: NL-sedentary (NL-Se), NL-exercised (NL-Ex), SL-sedentary (SL-Se), and SL-exercised (SL-Ex). Exercised groups performed moderate-intensity exercise, running on a treadmill, from PN30 to PN90. Further experiments were carried out between PN90 and PN92. PO promoted obesity in SL versus NL rats (P < 0.05). Exercise reduced body weight (P < 0.001), body fat (P < 0.01), and improved glucose homeostasis in SL-Ex versus SL-Se. SL-Ex presented lower VO2max (P < 0.01) and higher post-exercise LDH (P < 0.05) compared to NL-Ex rats. Although moderate exercise counteracted obesity in SL rats, early-life overnutrition restricts fitness gains in adulthood, indicating that early obesity may impair animals' adaptation to exercise.
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Akhaphong B, Baumann DC, Beetch M, Lockridge AD, Jo S, Wong A, Zemanovic T, Mohan R, Fondevilla DL, Sia M, Pineda-Cortel MRB, Alejandro EU. Placental mTOR complex 1 regulates fetal programming of obesity and insulin resistance in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149271. [PMID: 34032632 PMCID: PMC8410096 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction, or low birth weight, is a strong determinant for eventual obesity and type 2 diabetes. Clinical studies suggest placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates fetal birth weight and the metabolic health trajectory of the offspring. In the current study, we used a genetic model with loss of placental mTOR function (mTOR-KOPlacenta) to test the direct role of mTOR signaling on birth weight and metabolic health in the adult offspring. mTOR-KOPlacenta animals displayed reduced placental area and total weight, as well as fetal body weight at embryonic day (E) 17.5. Birth weight and serum insulin levels were reduced; however, β cell mass was normal in mTOR-KOPlacenta newborns. Adult mTOR-KOPlacenta offspring, under a metabolic high-fat challenge, displayed exacerbated obesity and metabolic dysfunction compared with littermate controls. Subsequently, we tested whether enhancing placental mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, via genetic ablation of TSC2, in utero would improve glucose homeostasis in the offspring. Indeed, increased placental mTORC1 conferred protection from diet-induced obesity in the offspring. In conclusion, placental mTORC1 serves as a mechanistic link between placental function and programming of obesity and insulin resistance in the adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Akhaphong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel C Baumann
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Beetch
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amber D Lockridge
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tate Zemanovic
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ramkumar Mohan
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Danica L Fondevilla
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle Sia
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Ruth B Pineda-Cortel
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences and.,Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Alejandro EU, Jo S, Akhaphong B, Llacer PR, Gianchandani M, Gregg B, Parlee SD, MacDougald OA, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Maternal low-protein diet on the last week of pregnancy contributes to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in the mouse offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R485-R496. [PMID: 32877242 PMCID: PMC7717124 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00284.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal low-protein diet (LP) throughout gestation affects pancreatic β-cell fraction of the offspring at birth, thus increasing their susceptibility to metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The present study sought to strictly examine the effects of LP during the last week of gestation (LP12.5) alone as a developmental window for β-cell programming and metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. Islet morphology analysis revealed normal β-cell fraction in LP12.5 newborns. Normal glucose tolerance was observed in 6- to 8-wk-old male and female LP12.5 offspring. However, male LP12.5 offspring displayed glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity associated with β-cell dysfunction with aging. High-fat diet exposure of metabolically normal 12-wk-old male LP12.5 induced glucose intolerance due to increased body weight, insulin resistance, and insufficient β-cell mass adaptation despite higher insulin secretion. Assessment of epigenetic mechanisms through microRNAs (miRs) by a real-time PCR-based microarray in islets revealed elevation in miRs that regulate insulin secretion (miRs 342, 143), insulin resistance (miR143), and obesity (miR219). In the islets, overexpression of miR143 reduced insulin secretion in response to glucose. In contrast to the model of LP exposure throughout pregnancy, islet protein levels of mTOR and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 were normal in LP12.5 islets. Collectively, these data suggest that LP diet during the last week of pregnancy is critical and sufficient to induce specific and distinct developmental programming effects of tissues that control glucose homeostasis, thus causing permanent changes in specific set of microRNAs that may contribute to the overall vulnerability of the offspring to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian Akhaphong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pau Romaguera Llacer
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Maya Gianchandani
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sebastian D Parlee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Pietrobon CB, Miranda RA, Bertasso IM, Mathias PCDF, Bonfleur ML, Balbo SL, Reis MADB, Latorraca MQ, Arantes VC, de Oliveira E, Lisboa PC, de Moura EG. Early weaning induces short- and long-term effects on pancreatic islets in Wistar rats of both sexes. J Physiol 2020; 598:489-502. [PMID: 31828802 DOI: 10.1113/jp278833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age as an important strategy to reduce child morbidity and mortality. Studies have associated early weaning with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. In our model, we demonstrated that early weaning leads to increased insulin secretion in adolescent males and reduced insulin secretion in adult offspring. Early weaned males exhibit insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Early weaning did not change insulin signalling in the muscle of female offspring. Taking into account that insulin resistance is one of the primary factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, this work demonstrates the importance of breastfeeding in the fight against this disease. ABSTRACT Early weaning (EW) leads to short- and long-term obesity and diabetes. This phenotype is also observed in experimental models, in which early-weaned males exhibit abnormal insulinaemia in adulthood. However, studies regarding the effect of EW on pancreatic islets are rare. We investigated the mechanisms by which glycaemic homeostasis is altered in EW models through evaluations of insulin secretion and its signalling pathway in offspring. Lactating Wistar rats and their pups were divided into the following groups: non-pharmacological EW (NPEW): mothers were wrapped with an adhesive bandage on the last 3 days of lactation; pharmacological EW (PEW): mothers received bromocriptine to inhibit prolactin (1 mg/kg body mass/day) on the last 3 days of lactation; and control (C): pups underwent standard weaning at PN21. Offspring of both sexes were euthanized at PN45 and PN180. At PN45, EW males showed higher insulin secretion (vs. C). At PN170, PEW males exhibited hyperglycaemia in an oral glucose tolerance test (vs. C and NPEW). At PN180, EW male offspring were heavier; however, both sexes showed higher visceral fat. Insulin secretion was lower in EW offspring of both sexes. Males from both EW groups had lower glucokinase in islets, but unexpectedly, PEW males showed higher GLUT2, than did C. EW males exhibited lower insulin signalling in muscle. EW females exhibited no changes in these parameters compared with C. We demonstrated distinct alterations in the insulin secretion of EW rats at different ages. Despite the sex dimorphism in insulin secretion in adolescence, both sexes showed impaired insulin secretion in adulthood due to EW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bruna Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iala Milene Bertasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Bonfleur
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lucinei Balbo
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Queiroz Latorraca
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Arantes
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Elaine de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Maternal dyslipidaemic diet induces sex-specific alterations in intestinal function and lipid metabolism in rat offspring. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:721-734. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigated the effects of a maternal dyslipidaemic (DLP) diet on lipid metabolism, microbial counts in faeces and hepatic and intestinal morphology in rat offspring with respect to sex during different phases of life. Wistar rats (dams) were fed a control (CTL) or DLP during gestation and lactation. After weaning, CTL and DLP offspring were fed a standard diet. The effects of a maternal DLP on body composition, biochemical parameters, faecal microbiota and intestinal and hepatic histomorphometric characteristics in rat offspring were evaluated at 30 and 90 d of age. The DLP diet during gestation and lactation caused lower birth weight and a greater weight gain percentage at the end of the 90-d period in both male and female offspring. Female pups from DLP dams had higher liver fat levels compared with CTL (P≤0·001) at 90 d of age. Males from DLP dams had greater visceral fat weight and lower Lactobacillus spp. faecal counts at 90 d of age (P≤0·001) as well as lower faecal fat excretion (P≤0·05) and Bacteroides spp. faecal counts (P≤0·001) at 30 d of age when compared with pups from CTL dams. However, both dams and DLP pups showed damage to intestinal villi. A maternal DLP alters intestinal function and lipid metabolism in a sex-specific manner and is a potential predisposing factor for health complications in offspring from the juvenile period to the adult period.
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