1
|
Lagunas‐Rangel FA, Linnea‐Niemi JV, Kudłak B, Williams MJ, Jönsson J, Schiöth HB. Role of the Synergistic Interactions of Environmental Pollutants in the Development of Cancer. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000552. [PMID: 35493962 PMCID: PMC9036628 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that the large number of environmental pollutants we are exposed to on a daily basis are causing major health problems. Compared to traditional studies that focus on individual pollutants, there are relatively few studies on how pollutants mixtures interact. Several studies have reported a relationship between environmental pollutants and the development of cancer, even when pollutant levels are below toxicity reference values. The possibility of synergistic interactions between different pollutants could explain how even low concentrations can cause major health problems. These intricate that molecular interactions can occur through a wide variety of mechanisms, and our understanding of the physiological effects of mixtures is still limited. The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent reports that address possible synergistic interactions between different types of environmental pollutants that could promote cancer development. Our literature studies suggest that key biological pathways are frequently implicated in such processes. These include increased production of reactive oxygen species, activation by cytochrome P450, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, among others. We discuss the need to understand individual pathological vulnerability not only in relation to basic genetics and gene expression, but also in terms of measurable exposure to contaminants. We also mention the need for significant improvements in future studies using a multitude of disciplines, such as the development of high-throughput study models, better tools for quantifying pollutants in cancer patients, innovative pharmacological and toxicological studies, and high-efficiency computer analysis, which allow us to analyze the molecular mechanisms of mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenni Viivi Linnea‐Niemi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Analytical ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Michael J. Williams
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jörgen Jönsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Institute of Translational Medicine and BiotechnologyI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jatkowska N, Kudłak B, Lewandowska P, Liu W, Williams MJ, Schiöth HB. Identification of synergistic and antagonistic actions of environmental pollutants: Bisphenols A, S and F in the presence of DEP, DBP, BADGE and BADGE·2HCl in three component mixtures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144286. [PMID: 33429266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are facing increased pressure due to the emission of many classes of emerging contaminants. However, very little is known about the interactions of these pollutants, such as bisphenols (BPs), plasticizers or pharmaceuticals. By employing bioluminescent bacteria (Microtox assay), we were able to define interactions between selected emerging pollutants (namely BPA, BPS, BPF, BADGE, BADGE·2HCl, DEP, DBP) in ternary mixtures, at environmentally relevant concentration levels (down to as low as 1.89, 1.42, 3.08, and 0.326 μM for, respectively, BPA, BPF, BPS and BADGE·2HCl). We provide the first systematic analysis of bisphenols and phthalates in three component mixtures. Using this system, we performed toxicity modelling with concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) approaches, followed by data interpretation using Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) evaluation. Interestingly, we mathematically and experimentally confirmed a novel synergy between BPA, BADGE and BADGE·2HCl. The synergy of BPA, BADGE and BADGE·2HCl is distinct, with both models suggesting these analytes have a similar mode of action (MOA). Moreover, we unexpectedly found a strong antagonistic impact with DEP, in mixtures containing BPA and BADGE analogues, which is confirmed with both mathematical models. Our study also shows that the impact of BPS and BPF in many mixtures is highly concentration dependent, justifying the necessity to perform mixture studies using wide concentration ranges. Overall, this study demonstrates that bioluminescent bacteria are a relevant model for detecting the synergistic and antagonist actions of environmental pollutants in mixtures, and highlights the importance of analyzing combinations of pollutants in higher order mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jatkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Lewandowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael J Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oliver M, Kudłak B, Wieczerzak M, Reis S, Lima SAC, Segundo MA, Miró M. Ecotoxicological equilibria of triclosan in Microtox, XenoScreen YES/YAS, Caco2, HEPG2 and liposomal systems are affected by the occurrence of other pharmaceutical and personal care emerging contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137358. [PMID: 32145489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern may be considered as any chemicals or factors whose unintended continuous release and persistence in the environment may lead to any observable undesirable response of living beings. Still not much is known on reciprocal toxicological impact of given chemicals when present in binary or more complex mixtures. In this work, an attempt was thus undertaken to study the impact of butylparaben, methylparaben and diclofenac on toxicological behavior and properties of triclosan (at varying concentration levels) with respect to Microtox, XenoScreen YES/YAS, Caco-2, HEPG2, and liposomal systems. Having performed analytical and biological studies modeling was done using two modeling approaches, viz., concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) at three concentration levels of each chemical studied. The effect of the highest concentration of triclosan studied was impacted by even small amounts of methylparaben and butylparaben in Microtox while diclofenac preferably affected triclosan activity at its lowest concentration level (with CA model). Estrogenic agonistic properties of triclosan were severely impacted by both parabens in an antagonistic way; diclofenac showed in all cases underestimation or synergy at the lowest triclosan concentration studied. Estrogenic antagonistic activity of triclosan was also slightly affected by parabens and by diclofenac in binary mixtures, showing overestimation and antagonist effects. HepG2 cells appeared to be the most resistant to the toxic effect of the mixtures at the concentrations tested and no significant proof of synergy or antagonism could be detected with the MTT assay. The liposome assays on the mixtures followed the same trends obtained with the MTT assay with Caco-2 cells, confirming the validity of the in vitro model used in this research. As studies on emerging contaminants mixtures toxicity are still scarce, research presented here constitute an important part in confirming utility and versatility of emerging contaminants modeling in environmental toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Oliver
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Monika Wieczerzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia A C Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kudłak B, Wieczerzak M, Namieśnik J. Bisphenols (A, S, and F) affect the basic hormonal activity determined for pharmaceuticals - Study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:914-920. [PMID: 31159141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and analogs of bisphenol A (BPA) are increasingly threatening environmental pollutants. In this study, mixtures of selected pharmaceuticals (diclofenac sodium salt, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, fluoxetine hydrochloride, estrone, ketoprofen, progesterone, gemfibrozil and androstenedione) were prepared with BPA and its two analogs (namely, bisphenols F and S) at such ratios to reflect environmentally detectable levels. Then, the mixture solutions were studied with a XenoScreen YES/YAS assay to determine the variations in the initial hormonal response of each pharmaceutical compound due to the presence of a bisphenol analog. The results obtained were modeled with the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) approaches, the trueness of which was studied with model deviation ratios (MDR). The estrogenic agonistic activity of the drugs studied was most strongly affected by the presence of BPA in solution (twenty-one cases of synergy observed for CA models versus twelve cases of antagonism in the case of IA predictions). BPS shows a strong agonistic estrogenic impact on most of the drugs studied at medium and high concentration levels; androgenic agonistic activity was also impaired with elevated concentrations of BPS. Increasing the concentration of BPF in a reaction mixture also increased the number of YES + synergism incidences (for CA modeling). Estrone, progesterone and androstenedione were mostly affected by the highest BPF concentrations studied in the case of androgenic agonistic research performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Monika Wieczerzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wieczerzak M, Namieśnik J, Kudłak B. Genotoxicity of selected pharmaceuticals, their binary mixtures, and varying environmental conditions - study with human adenocarcinoma cancer HT29 cell line. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:113-123. [PMID: 30607992 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1529783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues are present in the environment in mixtures and their adverse effects may also result from interactions that occur between compounds. Studies presented in this work focus on genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals from different therapeutic groups in mixtures and in individual solutions impacted with different environmental conditions assessed using comet assay (alkaline approach). Binary mixtures of pharmaceuticals (in different concentration ratios) and in individual solutions impacted with pH change (range from 5.5 to 8.5) or addition of inorganic ions, were incubated with HT29 cells and after 24 h time period cells were tested for the presence of DNA damage. To estimate whether mixtures act more (synergistic) or less (antagonistic) efficiently Concentrations Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) approaches were applied followed by a calculation of the Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) to determine deviation from the predicted values. Addition of inorganic ions mainly reduced their genotoxicity. Diclofenac s. was the most susceptible to potassium, fluoride, and bromide ions. Change of the pH of pharmaceutical solutions had significant impact on genotoxicity of diclofenac s. and fluoxetine h. Among mixtures, more commonly observed interactions were synergistic ones, exactly twenty-five cases (ten pairs containing chloramphenicol or oxytetracycline h.) and ten cases of antagonism (four for pairs containing chloramphenicol or fluoxetine h.). The results obtained indicate that interactions between tested compounds occur frequently and can lead to DNA damage. This topic especially concerning in vitro tests using cells is still rare, however, it should not be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wieczerzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wieczerzak M, Kudłak B, Namieśnik J. Impact of selected drugs and their binary mixtures on the germination of Sorghum bicolor (sorgo) seeds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18717-18727. [PMID: 29705907 PMCID: PMC6061511 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the toxicological potential of binary drug mixtures and individual drugs under different pH conditions with different inorganic ion additions on the germination of Sorghum bicolor (sorgo) seeds. To assess whether the given drug mixtures were more phytotoxic than the individual compounds, concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) approaches were applied to estimate the predicted phytotoxicity values, followed by calculations of the MDR (model deviation factor) to determine the deviation from the predicted values. Binary mixtures of chloramphenicol with ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, and oxytetracycline hydrochloride proved to be synergistic. The pH changes had the largest impact on the phytotoxicity of the diclofenac sodium and ketoprofen solutions, elevating their toxicity toward S. bicolor, and the co-presence of inorganic ions was shown to have an impact on ketoprofen, chloramphenicol, and oxytetracycline hydrochloride. Most of the interactions between sorgo plants and pharmaceuticals with added ions were antagonistic in nature, particularly those calculated using the IA model, with a few cases (one case for ketoprofen and chloramphenicol, two cases for oxytetracycline hydrochloride, and four cases for diclofenac sodium) of overestimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wieczerzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahiskalioglu EO, Aydin P, Ahiskalioglu A, Suleyman B, Kuyrukluyildiz U, Kurt N, Altuner D, Coskun R, Suleyman H. The effects of ketamine and thiopental used alone or in combination on the brain, heart, and bronchial tissues of rats. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:645-654. [PMID: 29765454 PMCID: PMC5949904 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared the side effects of ketamine and thiopental used alone and of a ketamine/thiopental combination dose on the brain,heart, and bronchial tissues of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three groups received intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg ketamine (K-30); 15 mg/kg thiopental (T-15); or of both in combination (KTSA). These doses were doubled in another set of study groups (K-60, T-30, and KTA groups, respectively). Optimal anesthesia duration was examined in all groups. RESULTS Anesthesia did not occur with 30 mg/kg ketamine or 15 mg/kg thiopental. However, when used alone ketamine and thiopental led to oxidative stress in the striatum, heart, and bronchial tissues. Conversely, combined administration of anesthetics and subanesthetic doses were found not to create oxidative stress in any of these areas. The highest level of adrenaline in blood samples collected from the tail veins was measured in the KTA-60, and the lowest amount in the T-30. Creatine kinase activity was highest in the KTA-60 group (p < 0.001). When we compared for all 5 groups to untreated control group; the creatine kinase-MB activities were significiantly different in K-30, T-15 and T-30 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The studied doses of ketamine led to oxidative stress by increasing the amount of adrenaline. Thiopental increased oxidative stress with decreases in adrenaline. A longer anesthetic effect with minimal adverse events may be achieved by ketamine and thiopental in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Oral Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Regional and Training Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Pelin Aydin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Regional and Training Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kuyrukluyildiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Kurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Durdu Altuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Resit Coskun
- Department of Cardiology, Bayburt State Hospital, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wieczerzak M, Kudłak B, Yotova G, Nedyalkova M, Tsakovski S, Simeonov V, Namieśnik J. Modeling of pharmaceuticals mixtures toxicity with deviation ratio and best-fit functions models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:259-68. [PMID: 27479466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with assessment of ecotoxicological parameters of 9 drugs (diclofenac (sodium salt), oxytetracycline hydrochloride, fluoxetine hydrochloride, chloramphenicol, ketoprofen, progesterone, estrone, androstenedione and gemfibrozil), present in the environmental compartments at specific concentration levels, and their mutual combinations by couples against Microtox® and XenoScreen YES/YAS® bioassays. As the quantitative assessment of ecotoxicity of drug mixtures is an complex and sophisticated topic in the present study we have used two major approaches to gain specific information on the mutual impact of two separate drugs present in a mixture. The first approach is well documented in many toxicological studies and follows the procedure for assessing three types of models, namely concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA) and simple interaction (SI) by calculation of a model deviation ratio (MDR) for each one of the experiments carried out. The second approach used was based on the assumption that the mutual impact in each mixture of two drugs could be described by a best-fit model function with calculation of weight (regression coefficient or other model parameter) for each of the participants in the mixture or by correlation analysis. It was shown that the sign and the absolute value of the weight or the correlation coefficient could be a reliable measure for the impact of either drug A on drug B or, vice versa, of B on A. Results of studies justify the statement, that both of the approaches show similar assessment of the mode of mutual interaction of the drugs studied. It was found that most of the drug mixtures exhibit independent action and quite few of the mixtures show synergic or dependent action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wieczerzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Galina Yotova
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslava Nedyalkova
- Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Tsakovski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Simeonov
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia "St. Kl. Okhridski", 1, J. Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wieczerzak M, Namieśnik J, Kudłak B. Bioassays as one of the Green Chemistry tools for assessing environmental quality: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:341-361. [PMID: 27472199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, mankind has contributed to irreversible environmental changes, but due to the modern science of recent decades, scientists are able to assess the scale of this impact. The introduction of laws and standards to ensure environmental cleanliness requires comprehensive environmental monitoring, which should also meet the requirements of Green Chemistry. The broad spectrum of Green Chemistry principle applications should also include all of the techniques and methods of pollutant analysis and environmental monitoring. The classical methods of chemical analyses do not always match the twelve principles of Green Chemistry, and they are often expensive and employ toxic and environmentally unfriendly solvents in large quantities. These solvents can generate hazardous and toxic waste while consuming large volumes of resources. Therefore, there is a need to develop reliable techniques that would not only meet the requirements of Green Analytical Chemistry, but they could also complement and sometimes provide an alternative to conventional classical analytical methods. These alternatives may be found in bioassays. Commercially available certified bioassays often come in the form of ready-to-use toxkits, and they are easy to use and relatively inexpensive in comparison with certain conventional analytical methods. The aim of this study is to provide evidence that bioassays can be a complementary alternative to classical methods of analysis and can fulfil Green Analytical Chemistry criteria. The test organisms discussed in this work include single-celled organisms, such as cell lines, fungi (yeast), and bacteria, and multicellular organisms, such as invertebrate and vertebrate animals and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wieczerzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - J Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - B Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Study of the effect of residues of pharmaceuticals on the environment on the example of bioassay Microtox®. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Spruit SL, van de Poel I, Doorn N. Informed Consent in Asymmetrical Relationships: an Investigation into Relational Factors that Influence Room for Reflection. NANOETHICS 2016; 10:123-138. [PMID: 27478516 PMCID: PMC4949294 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-016-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, informed consent has been suggested as a way to deal with risks posed by engineered nanomaterials. We argue that while we can learn from experiences with informed consent in treatment and research contexts, we should be aware that informed consent traditionally pertains to certain features of the relationships between doctors and patients and researchers and research participants, rather than those between producers and consumers and employers and employees, which are more prominent in the case of engineered nanomaterials. To better understand these differences, we identify three major relational factors that influence whether valid informed consent is obtainable, namely dependency, personal proximity, and existence of shared interests. We show that each type of relationship offers different opportunities for reflection and therefore poses distinct challenges for obtaining valid informed consent. Our analysis offers a systematic understanding of the possibilities for attaining informed consent in the context of nanomaterial risks and makes clear that measures or regulations to improve the obtainment of informed consent should be attuned to the specific interpersonal relations to which it is supposed to apply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lydia Spruit
- Department of Values, Technology and Innovation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ibo van de Poel
- Department of Values, Technology and Innovation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Neelke Doorn
- Department of Values, Technology and Innovation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bejrowska A, Kudłak B, Owczarek K, Szczepańska N, Namieśnik J, Mazerska Z. New generation of analytical tests based on the assessment of enzymatic and nuclear receptor activity changes induced by environmental pollutants. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|