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Kajdanek A, Kluska M, Matusiak R, Kazimierczak J, Dastych J. A Rapid and Inexpensive PCR Test for Mastitis Diagnosis Based on NGS Data. Pathogens 2024; 13:423. [PMID: 38787275 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a common mammary gland disease of dairy cattle caused by a wide range of organisms including bacteria, fungi and algae. Mastitis contributes to economic losses of dairy farms due to reduced yield and poor quality of milk. Since the correct identification of pathogens responsible for the development of mastitis is crucial to the success of treatment, it is necessary to develop a quick and accurate test to distinguish the main pathogens causing this disease. In this paper, we describe the development of a test based on the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method allowing for the identification of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Staphylococcus aureus. When creating our test, we relied on the results from new generation sequencing (NGS) for accurate determination of species affiliation. The multiplex PCR test was verified on 100 strains including veterinary samples, ATCC and Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM) reference strains. The obtained results indicate that this test is accurate and displays high specificity. It may serve as a valuable molecular tool for the detection of major mastitis pathogens.
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Younis A, Hussain I, Ahmad SN, Shah A, Inayat I, Kanwal MA, Suleman S, Kamran MA, Matloob S, Ahmad KR. Validation of Bos taurus SNPs for Milk Productivity of Sahiwal Breed ( Bos indicus), Pakistan. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1306. [PMID: 38731312 PMCID: PMC11083440 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the validation of the already reported Bos taurus SNPs in the Sahiwal breed. A total of nine SNPs of the casein gene were studied. Out of nine, seven Bos taurus SNPs of casein protein genes were found to be significantly associated with milk productivity traits. The genomic DNA was extracted from the mammary alveolar endothelial cells of a flock of 80 purebred Sahiwal lactating dams available at Khizrabad Farm near Sargodha. New allele-specific primers were designed from the NCBI annotated sequence database of Bos taurus to obtain 100 nt-long PCR products. Each dam was tested separately for all the SNPs investigated. Animals with genotype GG for the SNPs rs43703010, rs10500451, and 110323127, respectively, exhibited high milk yield. Similarly, animals with genotype AA for the SNPs rs11079521, rs43703016, and rs43703017 showed high milk yield consistently. For the SNP rs43703015, animals with genotype CC showed high milk productivity. These above-mentioned SNPs have previously been reported to significantly up-regulate casein protein contents in Bos taurus. Our results indicated SNPs that significantly affect the milk protein contents may also significantly increase per capita milk yield. These finding suggest that the above-mentioned reported SNPs can also be used as genetic markers of milk productivity in Sahiwal cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Younis
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Imtiaz Hussain
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Nadia Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan;
| | - Amin Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Iram Inayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sadia Suleman
- Higher Education Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Atif Kamran
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Saima Matloob
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Khawaja Raees Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.Y.); (I.I.); (M.A.K.); (S.M.)
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Singh P, Bhardwaj A, Nayan V, Legha RA, Pal Y, Soni S, Giri SK, Bhattacharya T. Milk somatic cell DNA isolation and characterization of κ-casein gene in Halari donkey milk. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24991. [PMID: 38304818 PMCID: PMC10830531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Halari donkey breed is one of the indigenous breeds of India and its population is rapidly decreasing. The Jenny milk is more similar to human milk, exhibits a wide range of probiotic diversity and hypo-allergenicity, especially among infants suffering from cow and buffalo milk protein allergy. Some studies indicated low levels of κ-casein fraction of casein protein in donkey milk. The k-casein gene was not amplified from the DNA derived from the milk somatic cells of Halari donkeys. The Halari donkey milk has low somatic cells count. We report the first isolation of DNA from milk somatic cells of Halari donkeys with subsequent characterization of k-casein gene. Through our work, we showed that the milk somatic cells can be used as a non-invasive source for DNA isolation towards molecular studies. It also proved the presence of k-casein gene in Halari donkey milk by its amplification from isolated DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Anuradha Bhardwaj
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Varij Nayan
- ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Ram Avatar Legha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Yash Pal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Sonali Soni
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
- Department of Biotechnology (SBAS), Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi 174103 (Solan) HP, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Giri
- Department of Biotechnology (SBAS), Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi 174103 (Solan) HP, India
| | - T.K. Bhattacharya
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
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4
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Hürkan K, Bulut M. High resolution melting is a useful tool to detect animal species sources of various milk types. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1612-1620. [PMID: 37033319 PMCID: PMC10076476 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of animal species sources in milk have become quite important due to adulteration of high-priced milk types in the dairy industry. To date, milk identification methods have mainly depended on biochemical properties or physical properties detected by spectroscopic methods. The current study aimed to develop an easy to use and sensitive DNA-based High resolution melting (HRM) assay to identify animal species and detect cross-adulteration of water buffalo, bovine, goat, sheep, camel and donkey milks. HRM compatible designed primer set, targeted mitochondrial region, successfully amplified the specific targeted region for six animal species DNA and showed a high degree of specificity based on nucleotide variations. Capillary electrophoresis analysis validated the specific amplicons and determined the amplicon lengths as 114 bp for bovine, goat, sheep, and camel, 115 bp for water buffalo, and 121 bp for donkey. HRM analysis showed a clear discrimination for water buffalo-bovine, camel-bovine and donkey-bovine adulteration down to 0.5%, and goat-sheep adulteration down to 1% in the milk admixtures. The efficacy of the method was also confirmed by its standard curve with a very high correlation coefficient In conclusion, the designed HRM assay allows for the rapid, sensitive and cost-effective authentication of milk and dairy products. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05705-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Hürkan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Iğdır University, 76000 Iğdır, Turkey
- Research Laboratory Practice and Research Center, Iğdır University, 76000 Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Menekşe Bulut
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Iğdır University, 76000 Iğdır, Turkey
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5
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Jiménez-Montenegro L, Mendizabal JA, Alfonso L, Azparren L, Urrutia O. Development of a duplex qPCR assay with locked nucleic acid probes for A, B and E kappa-casein variants detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16387. [PMID: 36180500 PMCID: PMC9525573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk proteins determine important milk technological characteristics. Among caseins, Ƙ-casein has been correlated with fat and protein content and cheese yield. Fourteen Ƙ-caseins variants have been described but the alleles A, B and E are the most important ones due to their frequency and/or influence on the technological aptitudes of milk. Therefore, in the present study two different duplex qPCR assays with locked nucleic acid probes (for positions 13104 and 13124 of the Ƙ-casein gene) were developed for the detection of A, B and E variants. Firstly, DNA isolation method from milk somatic cells and hair was optimised. The developed 13124-qPCR assay showed an increased sensitivity reaching up to 6.7 copies DNA copies/reaction at a 95% confidence level with A, B and E alleles reference samples. The 13104-qPCR assay reached up to 6.7 DNA copies/reaction for A allele reference sample and 67 DNA copies/reaction for B and E samples. Intra-assay variation results were below 6%. Applicability was determined using DNA samples from animals with known genotype for Ƙ-casein (AA, AB, BB, BE, AE, EE) and both assays were able to discriminate among the six genotypes with 100% accuracy. Thus, this qPCR method represents a sensitive and rapid option for the detection of Ƙ-casein alleles in both hair and milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jiménez-Montenegro
- IS-FOOD, School of Agricultural Engineering and Biosciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J A Mendizabal
- IS-FOOD, School of Agricultural Engineering and Biosciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Alfonso
- IS-FOOD, School of Agricultural Engineering and Biosciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Azparren
- IS-FOOD, School of Agricultural Engineering and Biosciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - O Urrutia
- IS-FOOD, School of Agricultural Engineering and Biosciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
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Jiménez-Montenegro L, Mendizabal J, Alfonso L, Urrutia O. DNA extraction procedures and validation parameters of a real time PCR method to control milk containing only A2 β-casein. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Kułaj D, Pokorska J, Bauer EA. Associations between osteopontin gene polymorphism (OPN), milk yield, somatic cell score and age of cattle on milk antioxidant capacity. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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ZareBidaki M, Allahyari E, Zeinali T, Asgharzadeh M. Occurrence and risk factors of brucellosis among domestic animals: an artificial neural network approach. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:62. [PMID: 35037143 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the occurrence of Brucella in milk and blood samples of ruminants and the importance factors associated with animal brucellosis in Eastern Iran. A total of 200 paired samples, including blood (100) and milk (100), were obtained from the goats, sheep, and cows in Eastern Iran. Serum agglutination (SAT) and 2-mercapto ethanol (2-ME) tests were performed on the sera. A multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) assay was performed to identify the following species of Brucella, including B. abortus biovar 1, 2, 4, 3b, 5, 6, and 9, B. abortus S19, B. melitensis, and B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine strain. B. abortus RB51 vaccine strain was also investigated in a second PCR assay. Risk factors for infection with Brucella spp. including the effect of abortion, contact with the wild animals, herd type, age, and previous vaccination in predicting blood contamination with B. abortus biovar 1, 2, and 4 were modeled by use of the artificial neural network. A total of 23 samples were seropositive regarding SAT and 2-ME tests. In total, B. abortus was detected in 35% and 15% of blood and milk samples, respectively, by the m-PCR assay. One sample of each of milk and blood was detected to have B. melitensis. Some samples were simultaneously contaminated with two Brucella species or two biovars of B. abortus. B. abortus S19 and B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine strains were also detected in milk and blood samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the ANN model were 81% and 62%, respectively. In conclusion, B. abortus had higher frequency than B. melitensis in blood and milk samples. ANN determined herd type, previous vaccination, and age of the animal as the largest predictors of blood contamination with B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid ZareBidaki
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Elaheh Allahyari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Zeinali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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9
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Direct and indirect contributions of molecular genetics to farm animal welfare: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2021; 22:177-186. [PMID: 34842522 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252321000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Since domestication, farm animals have played a key role to increase the prosperity of humankind, while animal welfare (AW) is debated even today. This paper aims to comprehensively review the contributions of developing molecular genetics to farm animal welfare (FAW) and to raise awareness among both scientists and farmers about AW. Welfare is a complex trait affected by genetic structure and environmental factors. Therefore, the best welfare status can be achieved not only to enhance environmental factors such as management and feeding practices, but also the genetic structure of animals must be improved. In this regard, advances in molecular genetics have made great contributions to improve the genetic structure of farm animals, which has increased AW. Today, by sequencing and/or molecular markers, genetic diseases may be detected and eliminated in local herds. Additionally, genes related to diseases or adaptations are investigated by molecular techniques, and the frequencies of desired genotypes are increased in farm animals to keep welfare at an optimized level. Furthermore, stress on animals can be reduced with DNA extraction from stool and feather samples which reduces physical contact between animals and veterinarians. Together with molecular genetics, advances in genome editing tools and biotechnology are promising to improve FAW in the future.
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Wilmot H, Bormann J, Soyeurt H, Hubin X, Glorieux G, Mayeres P, Bertozzi C, Gengler N. Development of a genomic tool for breed assignment by comparison of different classification models: Application to three local cattle breeds. J Anim Breed Genet 2021; 139:40-61. [PMID: 34427366 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Assignment of individual cattle to a specific breed can often not rely on pedigree information. This is especially the case for local breeds for which the development of genomic assignment tools is required to allow individuals of unknown origin to be included to their herd books. A breed assignment model can be based on two specific stages: (a) the selection of breed-informative markers and (b) the assignment of individuals to a breed with a classification method. However, the performance of combination of methods used in these two stages has been rarely studied until now. In this study, the combination of 16 different SNP panels with four classification methods was developed on 562 reference genotypes from 12 cattle breeds. Based on their performances, best models were validated on three local breeds of interest. In cross-validation, 14 models had a global cross-validation accuracy higher than 90%, with a maximum of 98.22%. In validation, best models used 7,153 or 2,005 SNPs, based on a partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and assigned individuals to breeds based on nearest shrunken centroids. The average validation sensitivity of the first two best models for the three local breeds of interest were 98.33% and 97.5%. Moreover, results reported in this study suggest that further studies should consider the PLS-DA method when selecting breed-informative SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Wilmot
- National Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium.,TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jeanne Bormann
- Administration of Technical Agricultural Services (ASTA), Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Hélène Soyeurt
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Gengler
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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11
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Liao J, Liu Y. Extraction and detection of DNA from UHT milk during storage. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1839565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Yildirim Y, Al S, Duzlu O, Onmaz NE, Onder Z, Yetismis G, Hizlisoy H, Gonulalan Z, Yildirim A. Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw milk of cattle, sheep and water buffalo in Turkey: Genotype distributions and zoonotic concerns. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 334:108828. [PMID: 32866940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Raw milk is a continued threat to public health due to possible contamination with zoonotic pathogens. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is one of the most prevalent pathogenic fungi in a wide range of vertebrate hosts, causing diarrheal disease. Although there has been some evidence, the role and potential risk of raw milk of dairy animals in the transmission dynamics of E. bieneusi is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the occurrence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in raw milk of dairy animals in several farms of the Central Anatolia Region. We also investigated if there is a relation between the presence of E. bieneusi and mastitis. Genomic DNAs from a total of 450 raw milk including 200, 200 and 50 samples from cattle, sheep and water buffalo respectively were analyzed using nested PCR, targeting the internal transcribed spacer of E. bieneusi. Totally milk samples of 9 (4.5%) dairy cattle, 36 (18.0%) sheep, and 1 (2.0%) water buffalo were PCR-positive. A significant relationship was determined between mastitis and the presence of E. bieneusi. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of eight genotypes: two known (ERUSS1, BEB6) and six novel genotypes (named as TREb1 to TREb6). The genotype ERUSS1 and BEB6 were the most common genotypes, found in all cattle and sheep farms. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all the identified genotypes in Group 2. This study provides novel findings that contribute to the transmission dynamics and molecular epidemiology of E. bieneusi. Our study also highlighted the potential risk of raw milk for public health with respect to microsporidia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Yildirim
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serhat Al
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Ertas Onmaz
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Harun Hizlisoy
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zafer Gonulalan
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Rahimi H, Tukmechi A, Rashidian E. Use of touch-down polymerase chain reaction to enhance the sensitivity of Brucella melitensis detection in raw milk. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:104-109. [PMID: 32522080 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1777149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious bacterial zoonotic infectious disease severely affecting the public health and economic features of endemic and non-endemic countries. The present study assessed the potentials of using the touch-down polymerase chain reaction (TD-PCR) compared to the conventional PCR and culture methods in order to detect Brucella melitensis in raw milk samples of 55 sheep and 45 goats through deriving the primers from the omp31 element of the Brucella genome. In addition, nine isolates of B. melitensis were identified using the culture method. No positive cases were found in sediment samples, while the fatty tap layer test by conventional PCR and TD-PCR revealed 6 and 16 positive samples, respectively. Based on the survey of the limits of detection by TD-PCR and conventional PCR, TD protocol had a detection threshold of three logs higher than the conventional protocol under the experimental condition. The developed protocol of this study was highly sensitive and extremely fast. Therefore, this TD-PCR protocol could detect even a very low number of bacteria in milk samples. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the use of the TD-PCR method to identify B. melitensis in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Rahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Tukmechi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rashidian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
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14
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Wang Z, Li T, Yu W, Qiao L, Liu R, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang S, Chen A. Determination of content of camel milk in adulterated milk samples by normalized real-time polymerase chain reaction system based on single-copy nuclear genes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3465-3470. [PMID: 32170753 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with the traditional qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which only identifies the category of species, the quantitative PCR method provides a value, which is very important for appropriate penalty enforcement according to the extent of adulteration. However, most of the current quantitative PCR methods are based on mitochondrial genes, expressing different copy numbers in different cells and reducing the accuracy of quantitative results. In this study, single-copy nuclear housekeeping genes, instead of multicopy mitochondrial genes, were selected as both camel species-specific and reference genes to develop a novel normalized PCR system. RESULTS This system had an excellent linear correlation (R2 = 0.9614) between camel milk content and Ct ratio (specific/reference genes), and allowed quantitative determination of the content of camel milk in adulterated milk samples. The accuracy was effectively validated using simulated adulterated samples with recoveries ranging from 90% to 120% and coefficient of variation less than 10%, exhibiting sufficient parameters of trueness and precision. CONCLUSIONS The normalized PCR system based on single-copy nuclear genes is a simple, rapid and reliable method for the determination of the content of camel milk in adulterated milk samples, and also provides technical support for appropriate penalty enforcement. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Qiao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- National Key laboratory of Reliability and Electrical Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- National Key laboratory of Reliability and Electrical Equipment, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Z, Li T, Yu W, Qiao L, Yang S, Chen A. A low-cost novel lateral flow nucleic acid assay (LFNAA) for yak milk authentication. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Pokorska J, Kułaj D, Ochrem A. Impact of bovine lipocalin-2 haplotype on milk composition, somatic cell score and incidence of mastitis in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1726354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pokorska
- Department of Cattle Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Kułaj
- Department of Cattle Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ochrem
- Department of Cattle Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Impact of Bovine Lipocalin-2 Gene on the Antioxidant Activity of Milk from Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110992. [PMID: 31752182 PMCID: PMC6912593 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, an increased interest in high health-value food products rich in natural antioxidants has been observed. Milk and milk products are one of the richest sources of biologically active compounds with antioxidant properties in products of animal origin. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a small secreted protein, which is involved in inflammatory processes. Due to the fact that LCN-2 can be produced by various types of cells in response to oxidative stress and LCN2 gene polymorphism has been associated with the somatic cells count in cow’s milk, the aim of this study was to validate the association of LCN2 polymorphism with antioxidant activity of milk from Holstein-Friesian cows. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was identified, one of which g.98793763G>C was associated with higher antioxidant capacity in milk. The antioxidant capacity of milk also varied according to the age of cows, their daily milk yield, and somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. Abstract In the recent years, antioxidant properties of food products have become an important aspect for consumers. Milk is a very good source of easily absorbable proteins and minerals, as well as a valuable source of antioxidants. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), given that, inter alia, it is produced in large quantities by various types of cells in response to oxidative stress caused by physical or chemical factors, it can be considered a protein that determines the total antioxidant capacity of milk. The main objective of this study was to analyze polymorphisms within the lipocalin-2 gene and to determine their impact on antioxidant activity of milk from Holstein-Friesian cows. The genotyping was carried out by sequencing of PCR products. To determine the antioxidant activity of milk, the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) method was used. A total of four polymorphic sites were identified in the examined segment of the bovine lipocalin-2 gene. It was shown that cows of the CC genotype at the locus g.98793763G>C produced milk of significantly higher antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant capacity of milk also varied according to the age of cows, their daily milk yield, and SCC in milk.
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Polymorphism of bovine lipocalin-2 gene and its impact on milk production traits and mastitis in Holstein Friesian cattle. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Kułaj D, Pokorska J, Ochrem A, Dusza M, Makulska J. Effects of the c.8514C > T polymorphism in the osteopontin gene (OPN) on milk production, milk composition and disease susceptibility in Holstein-Friesian cattle. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1547129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kułaj
- Zakład Hodowli Bydła, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Pokorska
- Zakład Hodowli Bydła, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ochrem
- Zakład Hodowli Bydła, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dusza
- Zakład Hodowli Bydła, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Makulska
- Zakład Hodowli Bydła, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, Krakow, Poland
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Cosenza G, Iannaccone M, Gallo D, Pauciullo A. A fast and reliable polymerase chain reaction method based on short interspersed nuclear elements detection for the discrimination of buffalo, cattle, goat, and sheep species in dairy products. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:891-895. [PMID: 30744372 PMCID: PMC6498080 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Aim of present study was the set up of a fast and reliable protocol using species-specific markers for the quali-quantitative analysis of DNA and the detection of ruminant biological components in dairy products. For this purpose, the promoter of the gene coding for the α-lactoalbumin (LALBA) was chosen as possible candidate for the presence of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs). Methods DNA was isolated from somatic cells of 120 individual milk samples of cattle (30), Mediterranean river buffalo (30), goat (30), and sheep (30) and the gene promoter region (about 600/700 bp) of LALBA (from about 600 bp upstream of exon 1) has been sequenced. For the development of a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol that allows the simultaneous identification of DNA from the four species of ruminants, the following internal primers pair were used: 5′-CACTGATCTTAAAGCTCAGGTT-3′ (forward) and 5′-TCAGA GTAGGCCACAGAAG-3′ (reverse). Results Sequencing results of LALBA gene promoter region confirmed the presence of SINEs as monomorphic “within” and variable in size “among” the selected species. Amplicon lengths were 582 bp in cattle, 592 bp in buffalo, 655 in goat and 729 bp in sheep. PCR specificity was demonstrated by the detection of trace amounts of species-specific DNA from mixed sources (0.25 ng/μL). Conclusion We developed a rapid PCR protocol for the quali-quantitative analysis of DNA and the traceability of dairy products using a species-specific marker with only one pair of primers. Our results validate the proposed technique as a suitable tool for a simple and inexpensive (economic) detection of animal origin components in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Cosenza
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, NA 80055, Italy
| | - Marco Iannaccone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, NA 80055, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, NA 80055, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pauciullo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO 10095, Italy
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21
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Liao J, Liu Y. Purification procedures meaningfully influence DNA quantification in milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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The influence of BoLA-DRB3 alleles on incidence of clinical mastitis, cystic ovary disease and milk traits in Holstein Friesian cattle. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:917-923. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Liu X, Xu Y, Li Z, Jiang S, Yao S, Wu R, An Y. A silica sands-based method for faithful analysis of microbial communities and DNA isolation from a wide range of species. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:378-382. [PMID: 29561226 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1451885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A silica sands-based method has been developed to isolate high quality genomic DNAs from cells of animals, plants and microorganisms, such as Hemisalanx prognathus, Spinacia oleracea, Pichia pastoris, Bacillus licheniformis and Escherichia coli. To the best of our knowledge, no DNA isolation method has so wide application until now. In addition, this method and a commercially available kit were compared in analysis of microbial communities using high-throughput 16s rDNA sequencing. As a result, the silica sands-based method was found to be even more efficient in isolating genomic DNA from gram-positive bacteria than the kit, indicating that it would become a very valuable choice to faithfully reflect the composition of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yongdong Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zhi Li
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Shengwei Jiang
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China.,b Qingshan Protection Bureau , Forestry Department of Liaoning Province , Shenyang , China
| | - Shuo Yao
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Rina Wu
- c College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yingfeng An
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
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El-Sayed A, Awad W, Abdou NE, Castañeda Vázquez H. Molecular biological tools applied for identification of mastitis causing pathogens. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 5:89-97. [PMID: 30255056 PMCID: PMC6137832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular diagnostic tools became the gold standard of mastitis diagnosis in the last few years. They enable rapid, qualitative, quantitative and large scale diagnosis. In addition to their role in diagnosis, they can identify pathogens at the subspecies level which is necessary for the epidemiological studies. They are increasingly used in mastitis control programs through identification of suitable candidates for vaccine production and through the selection of mastitis resistant cattle breeds. The present molecular techniques are continuously improved and new techniques are developed in order to provide higher sensitivity and specificity and to minimize the costs. The present work aims to provide an overview of the modern molecular tools, discuss why they replaced the traditional tools and became the new gold standard in mastitis diagnosis through comparing both traditional and molecular tools, explore the prospective of the molecular diagnostic techniques in mastitis diagnosis and control and to explore new horizons of using molecular assays in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Egypt.,Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Walid Awad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Nadra-Elwgoud Abdou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Egypt.,Veterinary Laboratories, Public Authority of Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources, Kuwait
| | - Hugo Castañeda Vázquez
- Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
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Liao J, Liu Y, Yang L, Li F, Sheppard A. Development of a rapid mitochondrial DNA extraction method for species identification in milk and milk products. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7035-7040. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liao J, Liu Y, Ku T. Changes in physicochemical properties and DNA quality of milk as affected by different heat treatments. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China
| | - Ting Ku
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China
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Effect of g.9476869G>A myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene polymorphism on the antioxidant activity of milk from Polish Holstein-Friesian cows of the Black-and-White variety (HO). J DAIRY RES 2017; 84:159-164. [PMID: 28524010 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029917000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an important enzyme, which is one of the components of the antibacterial system in neutrophils and monocytes. MPO participates in the inflammatory response in multiple locations in the body, including the mammary glands. As a result of the activity of MPO, many oxidising compounds as well as reactive oxygen species are generated. It seems that myeloperoxidase may be a marker linking inflammation processes and oxidative stress. So far, there are no literature data on the association between the MPO gene polymorphism and the antioxidant properties of milk. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of g.9476869G > A polymorphism of myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene and age of cows on the antioxidant activity of milk and other milk traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Polymorphism of MPO gene was identified by the PCR-RFLP method using the HphI endonuclease. The total antioxidant capacity of milk samples was measured by the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) method. It was found that the GG genotype was the most frequent (0·606). The genotype at the tested MPO locus and the age of the animals affected the antioxidant activity of milk. Milk from cows with the GA genotype was characterised by a significantly higher antioxidant activity than milk from cows with the GG genotype (P < 0·0001). The analysis of interaction showed that cows with the GA genotype and older than 6·5 years produced milk with a significantly higher antioxidant activity compared with younger cows with the same genotype (P < 0·0001), as well as cows with the GG genotype of all ages (P < 0·0001).
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Šnirc M, Fekete T, Belej Ľ, Židek R, Golian J, Haščík P, Zajác P, Čapla J. Detection of ovine milk adulteration using taqman real-time pcr assay. POTRAVINARSTVO 2017. [DOI: 10.5219/782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety, quality and composition have become the subjects of increasing public concern. To prevent fraud and enhance quality assurance, credible analysis of dairy products is crucial. Bovine milk is more widely available and cheaper than milk of sheep and goat. Bovine milk is also processed in large quantities to produce a range of dairy produce. DNA-based methods have proven to be more reliable, because of the stability of DNA under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and chemical treatment used during the processing of some food products. The commercial InnuDETECT cheese assay based on the principle TaqMan real-time PCR systems have been tested for the identification and quantification of bovine DNA in ovine milk samples. DNA was extracted using the InnuPREP DNA Mini Kit and quantified by the QuantiFluor dsDNA system. The assay showed good linearity, with correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.983 and efficiency of 86%. The internal control amplified fragment from different mammalian species (cow, sheep and goat), with similar CT values. Detection of bovine DNA in milk mixtures was achieved even in samples containing 0.5% of bovine milk. The InnuDETECT cheese assay has been successfully used to measure bovine DNA in ovine milk, and will prove useful for bovine species identification and quantitative authentication of animal-derived products.
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Liao J, Liu Y, Ku T, Liu M, Huang Y. Qualitative and quantitative identification of adulteration of milk powder using DNA extracted with a novel method. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1657-1663. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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