The effects of resveratrol administration on lipid oxidation in experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Anwulignan alleviates IRI by the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibiting NLRP3-caspase-1-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in rats

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is caused by the reduced blood flow and oxygen level due to the renal artery blockage. The effect of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructusandra fruit anwulignan (AN) on the renal IRI injury in rats was investigated. Four rat (Male SD) groups were set, including sham, IRI, sham+AN and IRI+AN groups. This experiment confirmed that AN could reduce renal IRI injury by detecting some biomarkers such as Cre, BUN, LDH, HIF-1α, KIM-1, NGAL, and AIM, which showed decreased levels. AN could increase GSH, CAT, T-AOC, and SOD levels, and decrease MDA and ROS levels in rat kidney tissue, demonstrating that AN can improve oxidative stress damage. In addition, AN diminished the total quantity of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 in the renal tissue of rats. In rats with renal IRI, the contents of p-Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins engaged in the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant controlled system were increased, and the expression level of Keap1 was diminished. NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, IL-18, and IL-1β protein levels in kidney tissues decreased significantly in AN group. The results indicate that AN can alleviate renal IRI by reducing the oxidative stress damage via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibiting NLRP3-Caspase-1-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in rats.

Analysis of cantharidin-induced kidney injury and the protective mechanism of resveratrol in mice determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabonomics

Cantharidin (CTD) is the main active component in the traditional Chinese medicine Mylabris and an effective anti-tumor agent. However, it is relatively toxic and exhibits nephrotoxicity, which limits its clinical use. However, its toxic mechanism is not clear. The toxic effects of CTD exposure on the kidney and the protective effect of resveratrol (RES) were studied in a mouse model, by determination of serum biochemical and renal antioxidant indicators, histopathological and ultrastructural observation, and metabonomics. After CTD exposure, serum uric acid, creatinine, and tissue oxidative stress indicators increased, and the renal glomerular and tubular epithelial cells showed clear pathological damage. Ultrastructure observation revealed marked mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilation, and the presence of autophagy lysosomes in glomerular epithelial cells. RES ameliorated the renal injury induced by CTD. Metabonomics analysis indicated that CTD can induce apoptosis and oxidative damage in kidney cells, mainly by disrupting sphingolipid and glutathione metabolism, increasing sphingosine and sphingomyelin levels, and decreasing glutathione levels. RES counteracts these effects by regulating renal cell proliferation, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, by improving the levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), LysoPC, and lysophosphatidyl glycerol in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, thereby reducing CTD-induced nephrotoxicity. The mechanisms of CTD-induced renal injury and the protective effect of RES were revealed by metabonomics, providing a basis for evaluating clinical treatment regimens to reduce CTD-induced nephrotoxicity.

Salidroside inhibits renal ischemia/reperfusion injury‑induced ferroptosis by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI) represents the principal factor underlying acute kidney injury (AKI), which primarily stems from cellular injuries and ferroptosis caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Salidroside (SA), an antioxidant natural ester, has been attributed with the potential to protect against RIRI. In the present study, rats received daily SA doses (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 consecutive days before surgery. The results revealed aggravated renal injury in the RIRI group, which was effectively prevented by SA pretreatment (10 and 100 mg/kg), with the 1 mg/kg dosage demonstrating lesser efficacy. Additionally, the results indicated that SA pretreatment mitigated the RIRI-related upregulation of antioxidative superoxide dismutase. In vitro studies corroborated SA's ability to maintain hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated NRK cell viability, with the protective effect being observed at SA concentrations ≥1 µM and peaking at 100 µM. Furthermore, the results showed that SA safeguarded renal tubular epithelial cells from oxidative damage, reduced ROS accumulation, and inhibited ferroptosis via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, the results of the present study highlight the promising therapeutic potential of SA as an effective intervention for RIRI via targeting of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-mediated anti-oxidative and anti-ferroptotic mechanisms.

Inhibition of USP14 Suppresses ROS-dependent Ferroptosis and Alleviates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

The ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) is a deubiquitinating enzyme, its inhibitor was reported could alleviate the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-stimulated cerebral neuronal damage. However, its specific role in I/R-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. We established hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced HK-2 cell injury model in vitro and I/R-induced kidney injury mice model in vivo. The expression or activity of USP14 was inhibited by siRNA or IU1, a small molecule inhibitor of USP14. ROS were scavenged by N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Biochemical index analysis and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining were performed to evaluate renal injury. The results indicated that USP14 was upregulated in H/R-induced HK-2 cells and kidney tissues of I/R mice. Inhibition of USP14 suppressed the cell death, inflammatory, oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent ferroptosis of H/R-induced HK-2 cells. What's more, IU1 and NAC effectively alleviated renal injury of I/R mice. In summary, this study suggested that inhibition of USP14 protected renal from I/R injury.

Resveratrol thyro-protective role in fluorosis rat model (histo-morphometric, biochemical and ultrastructural study)

BACKGROUND

Thyroid gland affection by Fluorosis is documented in a number of previous studies. Resveratrol is a natural compound of plant origin. Its protective role was demonstrated previously in mice and rats against fluoride-induced hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

AIM

to detect the thyro-protective role of Resveratrol in sodium fluoride rat model.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Forty adult male albino rats were distributed equally into: Group I (control): given 5 ml distilled water; Group II (Resveratrol): received 30 mg/kg Resveratrol; Group III (Sodium fluoride): given 10 mg/kg of Sodium Fluoride dissolved in 2.5 ml distilled water; Group IV (Sodium fluoride + Resveratrol): received 10 mg/kg of Sodium Fluoride and 30 mg/kg of Resveratrol. All doses were administered once daily by intra-gastric intubation. By the end of the experiment, rats were sedated by intra-peritoneal injection of Sodium thiopental; blood samples were collected, and thyroid lobes were dissected then processed for examination.

RESULTS

In the control and Resveratrol groups, there were multiple variable follicles filled with homogenous eosinophilic colloid and lined with flat to cuboidal thyrocytes. Large pale-staining Para follicular cells. In the Sodium fluoride - treated group there were multiple dark stained nuclei of shrunken and exfoliated cells, areas of exudate and multiple layered follicular cells with high activity of Para follicular cells immuno-histochemically. Sodium fluoride+ Resveratrol - treated group appeared with almost preserved control appearance. Findings were confirmed using morphometric and electron microscopic studies.

CONCLUSION

Resveratrol supplementation with sodium fluoride restored almost all damaged appearance and functions of the thyroid cells to normal values. Further studies are necessary to examine the extended effect of Resveratrol with increased dosage or time of treatment.

Effects of resveratrol on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury may lead to acute kidney injury, which is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Resveratrol (RSV) can be extracted from Chinese herbs, and multiple animal experiments have demonstrated its potential for renal protection. This systematic review evaluates the protective effect of RSV against renal I/R injury in animal models. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched for animal experiments related to RSV in renal I/R injury from their establishment to June 2022. In total, 19 studies were included with 249 animals (129 treated with RSV and 120 as controls). The pooled analysis revealed that RSV administration significantly decreased serum creatinine (SCr) levels (16 studies, n = 243, WMD = -58.13, 95% CI = -79.26 to -37.00, p < 0.00001) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (12 studies, n = 163, WMD = -34.37, 95% CI = -46.70 to -22.03, p < 0.00001) in the renal I/R injury model. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress index, was alleviated [7 studies, n = 106, standardized mean difference (SMD) = -6.05, 95% CI = -8.90 to -3.21, p < 0.0001] and antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione (GSH) (7 studies, n = 115, SMD = 9.25, 95% CI = 5.51-13.00, p < 0.00001) and catalase (CAT) (4 studies, n = 59, SMD = 8.69, 95% CI = 4.35-13.03, p < 0.0001) were increased after treatment of RSV. The subgroup analysis suggested that 5-10 mg/kg of RSV optimally protects against renal I/R injury as both the BUN and SCr levels were significantly decreased at this dosage. The protective effects of RSV against renal I/R injury might be attributed to multiple mechanisms, such as inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, fibrillation, and promoting autophagy. For a deeper understanding of the protective effects of RSV, experimental studies on animal models and large randomized controlled trials in humans are needed.

Resveratrol inhibits the inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by uterine ischemia reperfusion injury by activating PI3K-AKT pathway

Uterus transplantation is a complex surgical procedure. Uterine ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury that occurs during this process may cause a loss of function of the uterus and the failure of transplantation. Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found abundantly in the skin of grapes and red wine, and it has also been used as a dietary supplement in clinical practice. RSV possesses strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, and exhibits a role in immune system regulation. However, the role of RSV in protecting the uterus against I/R-induced injury is yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms underlying RSV in I/R-induced uterus injury. A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (sham operation) group, the uterus I/R group, the 20 mg/kg RSV-pre-treated I/R (I/R+RSV/20) group and the 40 mg/kg RSV-pre-treated I/R (I/R+ RSV/40) group. A regular I/R model was established to induce uterus injury in rats. RSV at 20 or 40 mg/kg was intraperitoneally administrated into rats in both I/R+ RSV groups once per day for five consecutive days prior to ischemia. The control and I/R only groups received an intraperitoneal injection of the vehicle (ethanol) for the same period prior to ischemia. Samples from blood and uterine horns were collected 3 h after reperfusion. Changes in the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-10 and IL-37 were determined using ELISA, the activity levels of myeloperoxidase, catalase, and superoxidase dismutase were also determined using ELISA, the protein expression levels of PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT were determined using western blot analysis, and the uterine histology was investigated using H&E staining. Results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with RSV increased the capacity of antioxidants and suppressed uterine oxidative injury induced by I/R. Moreover, treatment with RSV decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, RSV promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, thus activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, administration of RSV prior to uterine I/R effectively alleviated inflammatory response and oxidative stress via activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway, suggesting that RSV may play a protective role in I/R-induced uterus injury.

Combating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury with Micronutrients and Natural Compounds during Solid Organ Transplantation: Data of Clinical Trials and Lessons of Preclinical Findings

Although extended donor criteria grafts bear a higher risk of complications such as graft dysfunction, the exceeding demand requires to extent the pool of potential donors. The risk of complications is highly associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury, a condition characterized by high loads of oxidative stress exceeding antioxidative defense mechanisms. The antioxidative properties, along with other beneficial effects like anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic or antiarrhythmic effects of several micronutrients and natural compounds, have recently emerged increasing research interest resulting in various preclinical and clinical studies. Preclinical studies reported about ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammatory status, resulting in improved graft survival. Although the majority of clinical studies confirmed these results, reporting about improved recovery and superior organ function, others failed to do so. Yet, only a limited number of micronutrients and natural compounds have been investigated in a (large) clinical trial. Despite some ambiguous clinical results and modest clinical data availability, the vast majority of convincing animal and in vitro data, along with low cost and easy availability, encourage the conductance of future clinical trials. These should implement insights gained from animal data.

Resveratrol against lung injury in an ischemia/reperfusion model of abdominal aortic rupture

Background

The aim of this study was to examine the effects on the lungs of ischemia/reperfusion injury in a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm model in rats and to investigate the potential protective effects of resveratrol.

Methods

Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia/reperfusion, sham (ischemia/ reperfusion + solvent/dimethyl sulfoxide), and ischemia/reperfusion + resveratrol. In the groups subjected to ischemia/reperfusion, following 60-min shock to the abdominal aorta, vascular clamps were attached from the levels of the infrarenal and iliac bifurcation. A total of 60-min ischemia was applied, followed by 120-min reperfusion. In the ischemia/ reperfusion + resveratrol group, intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg resveratrol was administered 15 min before ischemia and immediately after reperfusion. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and catalase levels were analyzed and histopathological examination of the lung tissues was performed.

Results

Malondialdehyde levels increased in the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemia/reperfusion + dimethyl sulfoxide groups, compared to the control group, while catalase levels decreased, and no significant difference was observed in the glutathione levels. Malondialdehyde levels decreased with the administration of resveratrol, while glutathione levels increased, and catalase levels remained unchanged. The increased inflammation in interstitial spaces, thickening in the alveolar septal walls, increased numbers of cleaved caspase-3 apoptotic pneumocytes, and increased histopathological lung damage scores observed in the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemia/reperfusion + dimethyl sulfoxide groups improved with the application of resveratrol.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that resveratrol may exhibit a protective effect in preventing acute lung injury developing due to ischemia/reperfusion in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery by reducing oxidative damage.

Zinc is a strong stimulant of metallothionein synthesis in the ischaemic testis tissue

This study was performed to determine the effect of zinc supplementation effects on metallothionein levels in testis ischaemia-reperfusion of rats. The experimental groups were designed as Control, Sham, Ischaemia-Reperfusion (I/R) and I/R + Zinc supplemented. Zinc supplemented as 5 mg/kg day for 3 weeks. Testis tissues were analysed for metallothionein by immunohistochemical staining procedures. Group comparison showed that the zinc-supplemented ischaemia-reperfusion group had a significantly higher level of cells strongly stained with metallothionein than all other groups. A general evaluation of the results suggests that zinc supplementation is a strong stimulant of metallothionein synthesis in the ischaemic testis tissue.

Resveratrol supplementation and acute pancreatitis: A comprehensive review

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from herbs, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation. We performed a comprehensive review to find any evidence about the effects of Resveratrol on acute pancreatitis (AP). Resveratrol has been found to directly impact cytokine generation. As these factors play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of AP, resveratrol might attenuate AP and its complications. Mechanistically, resveratrol exerts its pharmacological effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via interaction with different signaling molecules and transcription factors. Indeed, resveratrol might prove to be an effective therapeutic component for AP treatment in the future. In this review, we shed light on potential most recent pathways through which resveratrol might impact the management and control of AP.

Quercetin and lithium chloride potentiate the protective effects of carvedilol against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in high-fructose, high-fat diet-fed Swiss albino mice independent of renal lipid signaling

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (R-IRI) is the main cause of acute renal failure. Carvedilol has been shown to protect against R-IRI. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not completely clarified. This study aimed to investigate the role of lipid signaling in mediating carvedilol protective effects against R-IRI in insulin-resistant mice by using two different lipid signaling modulators, quercetin and lithium chloride (LiCl). Mice were fed high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFrHFD) for 16 weeks to induce insulin resistance. At the end of feeding period, mice were randomly distributed into five groups; Sham, R-IRI, Carvedilol (20 mg/kg, i.p.), Carvedilol + Quercetin (10 mg/kg, i.p.), Carvedilol + LiCl (200 mg/kg, i.p.). R-IRI was performed by applying 30 min of unilateral renal ischemia followed by one hour of reperfusion. Quercetin and LiCl were administered 30 min before carvedilol administration and carvedilol was administered 30 min before ischemia. Changes in kidney function tests, histopathology, fibrosis area, lipid signaling, inflammatory, apoptosis and oxidative stress markers in the kidney were measured. Results showed that R-IRI decreased kidney function, impaired renal tissue integrity, modulated lipid signaling and increased renal inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Carvedilol treatment decreased the detrimental effects induced by R-IRI. In addition, pre-injection of both quercetin and LiCl potentiated the reno-protective effects of carvedilol against R-IRI independent of changes in lipid mediators like phosphatidyl inositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) and diacylglycerol (DAG). In conclusion, quercetin and LiCl potentiate the protective effects of carvedilol against R-IRI in HFrHFD-fed mice by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress independent of lipid signaling.

Resveratrol Reduces Kidney Injury in a Rat Model of Uremia and is Associated with Increased Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70)

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of resveratrol on kidney function in a rat model of uremia and the expression of heat shock proteins. MATERIAL AND METHODS The rat model of uremia was developed by 5/6 nephrectomy of Sprague-Dawley rats. The Hsp70 inhibitor MKT-077, a rhodacyanine dye, was used. The study groups included rats with sham surgery (the sham group), the rat model of uremia (the model group), the solvent-treated control group (the control group), the rat model treated with resveratrol group (the resveratrol group), the rat model treated with MKT-077 (the MKT-077 group), and the resveratrol+MKT-077 group. Kidney tissues were studied histologically. Renal cell apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL method. Expression of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the expression levels of heat shock proteins Hsp70, Hsp90, Hsp27, Hsp25, Hsp40, and Hsp60 in the kidney of the rat model group increased to different degrees. Compared with the model group, the Hsp70 levels in the resveratrol group were significantly increased (p<0.05). Compared with the model group, treatment with MKT-077 reduced the survival rate of rats, which was increased following resveratrol treatment. Compared with the resveratrol group, renal function in the resveratrol+MKT-077 group was significantly reduced (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of uremia, resveratrol reduced renal injury and improved both renal function and survival, which were associated with increased expression of Hsp70.