1
|
Khorsandi F, De Moura Araujo G, Fathallah F. A Systematic Review of Youth and All-Terrain Vehicles Safety in Agriculture. J Agromedicine 2023; 28:254-276. [PMID: 36537614 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2022.2155747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All-terrain vehicle (ATV) incidents are one of the leading causes of injuries and fatalities among youth in the agricultural industry. It has been hypothesized that many youth-related ATV incidents occur because children ride ATVs that do not fit their capabilities and are not following basic safe riding practices. In addition, various ATV safety guidelines regarding youth (e.g., CPSC, ANSI/SVIA, ASI) are inconsistent and may not align with state or local laws. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive studies have compared the physical and mental requirements for riding ATVs and the youth's capabilities to ride ATVs safely. Consequently, there are no scientific-based recommendations for age limitation, physical and mental capabilities, and safety requirements for youth to ride ATVs safely. Thus, there is a need to review the available sources related to youth safety and ATVs in the agricultural industry, identify the research voids, and recommend modifications to current ATV guidelines. This study conducted a systematic review of available ATV-related studies, standards, guidelines, and laws to establish better-informed minimum age, physical and mental capabilities, and safety requirements for youths to ride ATVs on the farm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Khorsandi
- Cooperative Extension in Agricultural Safety and Health, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Guilherme De Moura Araujo
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Fadi Fathallah
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Turner N, Deng C, Granger S, Wingate TG, Shafqat R, Dueck PM. Young workers and safety: A critical review and future research agenda. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 83:79-95. [PMID: 36481039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on young worker safety often relies on inconsistent definitions of young workers and poorly delineated indicators of occupational safety. This review aims to reconcile these fundamental issues by critically integrating research across disciplines and providing clear directions for future research on young worker safety. METHOD We critically review the extant research on young worker safety. RESULTS We first reconcile the inconsistent definitions of young workers and specify the indicators of occupational safety used in young worker safety research. We next describe the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of these injuries among young workers and then outline other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to workplace injuries. Finally, we discuss the convergence of many of these issues on family farms-a context commonly studied in young worker safety research. CONCLUSIONS Clearer definitions of young workers and indicators of occupational safety can improve the interpretation and comparability of extant research findings. Furthermore, the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of injury among young workers are subject to the interactions among age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics. Other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to injury include young workers' responses to hazardous work, individual differences stemming from young workers' biological and psychological development, managerial attitudes about young workers, and the limited safety training young workers are thus provided, the types of work that young workers typically perform, and the range of social influences on young workers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Safety campaigns and safety training should consider interactions among young workers' age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics, rather than considering these features independently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Connie Deng
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Steve Granger
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Timothy G Wingate
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rabeel Shafqat
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul M Dueck
- Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jennissen CA, Denning GM, Aitken ME, Hoffman B, Agran PF, Hirsh M, Johnston B, Kendi S, Lee LK, Monroe K, Schaechter J, Tenenbein M, Zonfrillo MR, Quinlan K, Haverkos LJ, Midgett JD, Miller B, Sinclair AWS, Stanwick R, Kozial B. American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations for the Prevention of Pediatric ATV-Related Deaths and Injuries. Pediatrics 2022; 150:189563. [PMID: 36180616 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-059279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) were introduced in the mid-1970s, regulatory agencies, injury prevention researchers, and pediatricians have documented their dangers to youth. Major risk factors, crash mechanisms, and injury patterns for children and adolescents have been well characterized. Despite this knowledge, preventing pediatric ATV-related deaths and injuries has proven difficult and has had limited success. This policy statement broadly summarizes key background information and provides detailed recommendations based on best practices. These recommendations are designed to provide all stakeholders with strategies that can be used to reduce the number of pediatric deaths and injuries resulting from youth riding on ATVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Jennissen
- Departments of aPediatrics.,Emergency Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gerene M Denning
- Emergency Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mary E Aitken
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Menon P, El-Deyarbi M, Khan MA, Al-Rifai RH, Grivna M, Östlundh L, Ei-Sadig M. Risk factors associated with quadbike crashes: a systematic review. World J Emerg Surg 2022; 17:27. [PMID: 35619139 PMCID: PMC9137103 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-022-00430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quadbikes or all-terrain vehicles are known for their propensity for crashes resulting in injury, disability, and death. The control of these needless losses resulting from quadbike crashes has become an essential contributor to sustainable development goals. Understanding the risk factors for such injuries is essential for developing preventive policies and strategies. The aim of this review was to identify the risk factors associated with quadbike crashes at multiple levels through a systematic review of a wide range of study designs. Methods The study incorporated a mixed-method systematic review approach and followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for reporting systematic reviews, including a peer reviewed protocol. This systematic review included observational studies investigating the risk factors associated with quadbike crashes, injuries, or deaths. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to October 2021. Studies were screened and extracted by three researchers. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Due to extensive heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not conducted. All the risk factors have been presented in a narrative synthesis for discussion following the guidelines for Synthesis without Meta-analysis (SWiM). Results Thirty-nine studies combining an aggregate of 65,170 participants were included in this systematic review. The results indicate that modifiable risk factors, such as the increasing age of driving initiation, reducing substance use, and the use of organized riding parks, could reduce quadbike injuries. Riding practices such as avoiding passengers, avoiding nighttime riding, and using helmets could significantly reduce crashes and injuries among riders. Vehicle modifications such as increasing the wheelbase and limiting engine displacement could also help reduce crash incidence. Traditional interventional methods, such as legislation and training, had a weak influence on reducing quadbike injuries. Conclusion Multiple risk factors are associated with quadbike injuries, with most of them modifiable. Strengthening policies and awareness to minimize risk factors would help in reducing accidents associated with quadbikes. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020170245
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Menon
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marwan El-Deyarbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moien Ab Khan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami H Al-Rifai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michal Grivna
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Linda Östlundh
- National Medical Library, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Ei-Sadig
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Holt MF, Fortmann J, Testerman GM. Trauma Surgeon-Led and Funded Injury Prevention Program Decreases Number of All-Terrain Vehicle-Related Admissions. Am Surg 2022; 88:638-642. [DOI: 10.1177/00031348211050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background All-terrain vehicle (ATV) laws regarding helmet use, alcohol involvement, and roadway riding are poorly enforced or largely ignored. We hypothesized that direct surgeon funding and leadership in injury prevention would decrease ATV crashes. To focus prevention efforts, we reviewed a rural level 1 trauma center 11-year experience with ATV crashes comparing helmeted and unhelmeted rider outcomes. Methods For the latter 6 years of the study period, a trauma surgeon sponsored an injury prevention fund promoting ATV safety using simulators and discussions for area high school students. Helmet use, alcohol avoidance, and safe ATV operating were emphasized. A trauma registry review of ATV admissions from 2009 through 2020 examined demographics, helmet use, and clinical outcomes using chi-square, t-test, and regression analysis. Results Unhelmeted ATV riders suffered more severe head and neck injuries (OR 19, CI 1.5-1.8, P < .001), worse overall Injury Severity Score (ISS), (OR 25, CI 12.1-14.2, P < .001), and higher mortality rates (OR 4.0, CI .02-.05, P < .001). Helmet use corresponded with an average decrease in AIS and increase in GCS status. Although only 15% of riders were helmeted, ATV crash admissions have decreased in the last 5 years ( P < .001). Discussion All-terrain vehicle trauma and mortality is still frequent, especially in unhelmeted riders. The recent decrease in area ATV crashes is encouraging. Trauma surgeons have an opportunity to make a difference in public awareness and education through comprehensive physician-funded and directed injury prevention and research efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Holt
- Department of Surgery, Steward Health Care St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center – A Boston University Teaching Hospital, Brighton, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Fortmann
- Center for Rural Health Research, East Tennessee State University College of Public Health, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - George M. Testerman
- Department of Surgery, Ballad Health Holston Valley Medical Center, East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine, Kingsport, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Testerman GM, Prior DC, Wells TD, Rollins SE, Oesch SL. Helmets Matter: Kentucky All-Terrain Vehicle Crashes Seen at a Tennessee Trauma Center. Am Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481808400239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
All-terrain vehicle (ATV) safety laws, including helmet use, vary by state and are sporadically enforced. Kentucky state laws require safety helmets only for younger riders. We hypothesized that ATV riders injured in Kentucky and seen at a Tennessee trauma center would more likely be unhelmeted, have more severe head injuries, and have higher mortality rates than those injured in Virginia or Tennessee. A Trauma Registry review of 750 injured ATV riders from June 1, 2005, through June 1, 2015 examined state location of accident, helmet use, markers of injury severity, and outcomes. Multiple logistic regression analysis examined predictors of severe head injuries and death with P < 0.05 significant. Unhelmeted ATV rider status predicted more severe head injuries (relative risk 23.5, P < 0.001) and death (relative risk 4.6, P < 0.001). ATV riders injured in the state of Kentucky were twice as numerous. In addition, they were more likely than ATVriders injured in Tennessee or Virginia to be unhelmeted, to have severe head injuries, and to sustain fatal injuries (all P < 0.001). This single trauma center study lends support for maintaining and enforcing current universal helmet laws for ATVriders of all ages in states where they are in effect and highlights the need to upgrade helmet laws that apply only to some riders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George M. Testerman
- Department of Surgery, Wellmont Holston Valley Hospital Level 1 Trauma Center, ETSU, Kingsport, Tennessee
| | - Daniel C. Prior
- Department of Surgery, Wellmont Holston Valley Hospital Level 1 Trauma Center, ETSU, Kingsport, Tennessee
| | - Tamie D. Wells
- Department of Surgery, Wellmont Holston Valley Hospital Level 1 Trauma Center, ETSU, Kingsport, Tennessee
| | - Sarah E. Rollins
- Department of Surgery, Wellmont Holston Valley Hospital Level 1 Trauma Center, ETSU, Kingsport, Tennessee
| | - Stephen L. Oesch
- Department of Surgery, Wellmont Holston Valley Hospital Level 1 Trauma Center, ETSU, Kingsport, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|