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Reuter M, Pischke CR, Rigo M, Diehl K, Spallek J, Richter M, Hövener C, Dragano N. Health inequalities among young workers: the mediating role of working conditions and company characteristics. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:1313-1324. [PMID: 37814035 PMCID: PMC10635983 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have investigated health inequalities among young workers. The objectives of this study are to assess the extent of health inequalities in a sample of job starters and to explore the contribution of job demands and organisational factors. METHODS We analyze data from the BIBB/BAuA Youth Employment Survey 2012. The cross-sectional survey includes a representative sample of 3214 German employees, apprentices, and trainees aged 15-24 years. Individuals were grouped by their years of schooling into low (< 12 years) and high levels of education (≥ 12 years). Regression analysis estimated the link between education and four health outcomes: self-rated health, number of health events, musculoskeletal symptoms, and mental health problems over the last 12 months. Counterfactual mediation analysis tested for indirect effects of education via working conditions (i.e., physical and psychosocial job demands) and company characteristics (i.e., company size, health prevention measures, financial situation, downsizing). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, nationality, region, working hours, job tenure, employment relationship, and economic sector. RESULTS Highly educated workers reported better self-rated health (b = 0.24, 95% CI 0.18-0.31) and lower numbers of health events (Rate Ratio (RR) = 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.82), musculoskeletal symptoms (RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.66-0.80) and mental health problems (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.76-0.93). Total job demands explained between 21.6% and 87.2% of the educational differences (depending on health outcome). Unfavourable company characteristics were associated with worse health, but showed no or only small mediation effects. CONCLUSIONS Health inequalities are already present at the early working career due to socio-economically stratified working hazards. To enhance prevention measures that aim at reducing inequalities in workplace health, we propose shifting attention towards earlier stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Reuter
- Junior Professorship for Sociology, esp. Work and Health, Department of Sociology, University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstraße 21, 96045, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Claudia R Pischke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariann Rigo
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Diehl
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Public Health, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
- Lausitz Center for Digital Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Richter
- Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Hövener
- Unit of Social Determinants of Health, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Turner N, Deng C, Granger S, Dueck PM. How does subjective invulnerability impact young workers' safety voice? J Safety Res 2023; 85:129-139. [PMID: 37330862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young workers are at risk of workplace injuries for numerous reasons. One contentious yet untested theory is that subjective invulnerability to danger-a sense of indestructability in the face of physical hazards-can affect some young workers' reactions to workplace hazards. This study contends that subjective invulnerability can affect these reactions in two ways: (a) perceptions of physical hazards at work generate less fear of injury among those who perceive themselves as more invulnerable and/or; (b) fear of injury does not motivate speaking up about safety concerns (safety voice) among those who perceive themselves as more invulnerable. METHOD This paper tests a moderated mediation model in which higher perceptions of physical hazards at work are related to higher safety voice intentions via higher fear of injury, but that subjective invulnerability reduces the extent to which: (a) perceptions of physical hazards at work are associated with fear of injury and/or; (b) fear of injury is associated with safety voice. This model is tested in two studies of young workers (Study 1 on-line experiment: N = 114, M age = 20.67, SD = 1.79; range = 18-24 years; Study 2 field study using three waves of data collected at monthly intervals: N = 80, M age = 17.13, SD = 1.08, range = 15-20 years). RESULTS Contrary to expectations, the results showed that young workers who feel more invulnerable to danger are more likely to speak up about safety when experiencing higher fear of injury, and that perceptions of physical hazards-safety voice relationship is mediated by fear of injury for those who perceive themselves to be more invulnerable to danger. Conclusions/Practical Applications: Rather than subjective invulnerability silencing safety voice as predicted, the current data suggest that subjective invulnerability may serve to accelerate how fear of injury motivates safety voice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Connie Deng
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Steve Granger
- John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Canada
| | - Paul M Dueck
- Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Canada
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van Veen M, Oude Hengel KM, Schelvis RMC, Bongers PM, Ket JCF, van der Beek AJ, Boot CRL. Psychosocial work factors affecting mental health of young workers: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:57-75. [PMID: 35976432 PMCID: PMC9823059 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For the general working population, robust evidence exists for associations between psychosocial work exposures and mental health. As this relationship is less clear for young workers, this systematic review aims at providing an overview of the evidence concerning psychosocial work factors affecting mental health of young workers. METHODS The electronic databases used were PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO and were last searched in October 2021. The eligible outcomes included depression-, stress-, burnout- and anxiety-related complaints, and fatigue, excluding clinical diagnoses and suicide-related outcomes. Only studies with workers aged 35 years or younger were included, which reported at least one association between a psychosocial work factor as exposure and a mental health complaint as outcome. Studies had to be in English, German or Dutch. Risk of bias was assessed using an instrument from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Data synthesis was conducted using GRADE. RESULTS In total 17 studies were included in this systematic review, including data from 35,600 young workers in total. Across these studies 86 exposure-outcome associations were reported. Nine exposure-outcome associations could be synthesised. The application of the GRADE framework led to one "low" assessment for the association between psychosocial job quality and mental health. The certainty of evidence for the other eight associations in the synthesis was very low. CONCLUSIONS The current systematic review disclosed a high degree of uncertainty of the evidence due to conceptually fuzzy outcomes and exposures as well as large heterogeneity between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte van Veen
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Unit Healthy Living, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Body@Work, Research Center on Work, Health and Technology, TNO/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Karen M. Oude Hengel
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Unit Healthy Living, Leiden, The Netherlands ,Body@Work, Research Center on Work, Health and Technology, TNO/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn M. C. Schelvis
- Body@Work, Research Center on Work, Health and Technology, TNO/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paulien M. Bongers
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Unit Healthy Living, Leiden, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Body@Work, Research Center on Work, Health and Technology, TNO/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C. F. Ket
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J. van der Beek
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Body@Work, Research Center on Work, Health and Technology, TNO/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile R. L. Boot
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Body@Work, Research Center on Work, Health and Technology, TNO/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tan C, Sato K, Shiotani H. The relationship between social jetlag and subjective sleep quality: differences in young and middle-aged workers. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2023; 21:7-12. [PMID: 38468901 PMCID: PMC10899945 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Social jetlag is a recent problem that is associated with a wide range of issues in the context of modern life. However, differences in the effects of social jetlag on sleep quality between young and middle-aged workers remain unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the different effects of social jetlag on sleep quality in young (20-39 years) and middle-aged (40-59 years) workers from one factory. We included 106 male full-time workers (average age: 35.8 ± 11.5 years) who worked at the Kobe Factory of Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Social jetlag was evaluated using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire Japanese Version. Subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Japanese Version. Chronotype was determined using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire Japanese Version (MEQ), while the health-related quality-of-life was evaluated using a revised version of the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Survey. Furthermore, we examined factors related to sleep quality in each age group using multiple regression analysis. Subjective sleep quality in the analysis set was poor; moreover, 39.4% of the participants had social jetlag for ≥ 1 h. Compared with middle-aged workers, young workers showed significantly longer and lower social jetlag and MEQ scores, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that mental health and social jet lag were significantly associated with sleep quality in young participants. Contrastingly, social jetlag was not associated with sleep quality in middle-aged workers. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering the effects of age-based factors on sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Tan
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing, Kobe Tokiwa University, 2-6-2 Otani-cho, Nagata-ku, Kobe, 653-0838 Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Kobe Factory of Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shiotani
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing, Kobe Tokiwa University, 2-6-2 Otani-cho, Nagata-ku, Kobe, 653-0838 Japan
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Turner N, Deng C, Granger S, Wingate TG, Shafqat R, Dueck PM. Young workers and safety: A critical review and future research agenda. J Safety Res 2022; 83:79-95. [PMID: 36481039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on young worker safety often relies on inconsistent definitions of young workers and poorly delineated indicators of occupational safety. This review aims to reconcile these fundamental issues by critically integrating research across disciplines and providing clear directions for future research on young worker safety. METHOD We critically review the extant research on young worker safety. RESULTS We first reconcile the inconsistent definitions of young workers and specify the indicators of occupational safety used in young worker safety research. We next describe the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of these injuries among young workers and then outline other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to workplace injuries. Finally, we discuss the convergence of many of these issues on family farms-a context commonly studied in young worker safety research. CONCLUSIONS Clearer definitions of young workers and indicators of occupational safety can improve the interpretation and comparability of extant research findings. Furthermore, the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of injury among young workers are subject to the interactions among age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics. Other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to injury include young workers' responses to hazardous work, individual differences stemming from young workers' biological and psychological development, managerial attitudes about young workers, and the limited safety training young workers are thus provided, the types of work that young workers typically perform, and the range of social influences on young workers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Safety campaigns and safety training should consider interactions among young workers' age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics, rather than considering these features independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Connie Deng
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Steve Granger
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Timothy G Wingate
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rabeel Shafqat
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul M Dueck
- Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Canada
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Bussink H, Vervliet T, ter Weel B. The Short-Term Effect of the COVID-19 Crisis on Employment Probabilities of Labour-Market Entrants in the Netherlands. Economist (Leiden) 2022; 170:279-303. [PMID: 35529244 PMCID: PMC9066398 DOI: 10.1007/s10645-022-09406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research documents employment opportunities of labour-market entrants during the COVID-19 crisis in the Netherlands. Two recent cohorts of graduates are studied and compared to two pre-COVID-19 cohorts: the 2019 cohort was unexpectedly hit by the COVID-19 crisis about six months after entering the labour market and the 2020 cohort graduated and entered the labour market in the midst of a lockdown. Our estimation results suggest short-term effects of lockdowns on employment probabilities, specifically for relatively lower educated labour-market entrants. The effects appear to be relatively small in size and seem to fade when the lockdown measures are eased. Men seem to have suffered more than women and some sectors are hit harder than others, which could result in short-run mismatches. Overall the effects appear to be less severe than during an economic recession, which is most likely due to the tight labour market and the strong measures taken by the government to mitigate the labour-market impact of the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bas ter Weel
- SEO Amsterdam Economics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sato Y, Iwakiri K, Matsuo T, Sasaki T. Impact of health literacy on health practices in the working life of young Japanese nurses and care workers. Ind Health 2021; 59:171-179. [PMID: 33487627 PMCID: PMC8365867 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2020-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To continue to work healthily, health practices are necessary. This study assessed the impact of health literacy (HL) on health practices in the working life of young Japanese nurses and care workers, occupations with heavy physical and psychological burdens. A web-based survey was conducted with 500 women (330 nurses and 170 care workers) under the age of 30 in 2019. Data regarding their demographic characteristics, HL and health practices in their working life were collected. A significant association was found between high HL and better health practices, such as being likely to rest when tired, working at their own pace maintaining a good work-life balance and regularly performing self-check-ups, which were common to nurses and care workers. In addition, sub-analysis among the high-HL group revealed that the attendance of lectures regarding working life and health for new employees was effective for taking rest when needed, working when not overtired and a good work-life balance. The results of this study suggest that high HL relates to healthy practices in the working life of young Japanese nurses and care workers. Increasing HL or fundamentally enhancing attitudes towards their own health or both may, therefore, have some benefits for healthy working practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Iwakiri
- Ergonomics Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuo
- Ergonomics Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
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Yang L, Branscum A, Bovbjerg V, Cude C, Weston C, Kincl L. Assessing disabling and non-disabling injuries and illnesses using accepted workers compensation claims data to prioritize industries of high risk for Oregon young workers. J Safety Res 2021; 77:241-254. [PMID: 34092315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young workers are especially vulnerable to occupational injuries and illnesses. There is a continued need to investigate injury burden among young workers across demographics and industry to inform targeted interventions. Workers compensation (WC) claims are important for quantifying work-related injuries and illnesses, however published studies have focused on disabling claims. This study extended previous research on Oregon young workers by including the most recent WC claims data to identify patterns of injury and high risk industries. METHODS We obtained all accepted disabling claims (N = 13,360) and a significant portion of non-disabling claims (N = 24,660) on workers aged 24 years and under from 2013 to 2018. Claim count, rate and cost were calculated by year, age, gender, industry, and injury type. A prevention index (PI) method was used to rank industries in order to inform prevention efforts. RESULTS Average annual disabling and non-disabling claim rates were 111.6 and 401.3 per 10,000 young workers. Workers aged 19-21 (disabling: 119.0 per 10,000 and non-disabling: 429.3) and 22-24 years (115.7 and 396.4) and male workers (145.3 and 509.0) had higher claim rates than workers aged 14-18 (80.6 and 297.0) and female workers (79.8 and 282.9). The most frequent injury types were "struck by/against" (35.6%) and "work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)" (19.5%). High risk industries included agriculture, construction, and manufacturing for both genders combined. For female young workers, the highest risk industry was healthcare. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the added value of non-disabling WC claims data. Using both disabling and non-disabling data and PI method, agriculture, construction, manufacturing and healthcare industries were identified as priority workplaces to prevent common and costly injuries among Oregon young workers. Practical Applications: While the industries identified are considered hazardous for all workers, findings in this study can guide targeted research and prevention efforts specific to young workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, United States.
| | - Adam Branscum
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, United States
| | - Viktor Bovbjerg
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, United States
| | - Curtis Cude
- Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, United States
| | - Crystal Weston
- Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, United States
| | - Laurel Kincl
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, United States
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Turner N, Granger S, Tucker S, Deng C, Kelloway EK. Parents' work injuries and children's mental health: The moderating role of children's work centrality. J Safety Res 2021; 77:61-66. [PMID: 34092329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between parents' work-related injuries and their children's mental health, and whether children's work centrality - the extent to which a child believes work will play an important part in their life - exacerbates or buffers this relationship. METHOD We argue that high work centrality can exacerbate the relationship between parental work injuries and children's mental health, with parental work injuries acting as identity-threatening stressors; in contrast, high work centrality may buffer this relationship, with parental work injuries acting as identity-confirming stressors. We test this relationship with a sample of Canadian children (N = 4,884, 46.2% female, M age = 13.67 years). RESULTS Children whose parents had experienced more frequent lost-time work-related injuries reported worse mental health with high work centrality buffering this negative relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the vicarious effects of work injuries on salient others, specifically parental work injuries on children's mental health, as well as the role of work centrality in shaping children's sense-making and expectations about the consequences of work.
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Xu SM, Zhang YW, Ju XF, Gao D, Yang H, Wang LP, Song J, Zhang QL, Shang N, Niu Q, Lu XT. Cross-sectional study based on occupational aluminium exposure population. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 83:103581. [PMID: 33412297 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the different characteristics of cognitive impairment caused by occupational aluminium exposure at different ages, we surveyed 1660 workers in Shanxi Aluminium Plant, China, and assessed their cognitive function and plasma aluminium concentration. In multiple linear regression, the scores of the digit-span test (DST) and digit-span backward test (DSBT) were negatively correlated with plasma aluminium concentration when concentration reached 34.52 μg/L in younger group (<40 years), while in the middle-aged group (≥40 years) only found when concentration reached 42.25 μg/L (β<0, P < 0.05). In logistic regression, when plasma aluminum concentration reached 42.25μg/L, odds ratios (95 % confidence interval) were 1.695 (1.062-2.705) and 3.270 (1.615-6.620) for DST, 7.644 (3.846-15.192) and 15.308 (4.180-56.059) for DSBT in middle-aged group and younger group, respectively. These results showed that aluminium exposures were associated with cognitive impairment among aluminium-exposed workers, particularly for young workers who were more susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Xu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yun-Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Ju
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Lin-Ping Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qin-Li Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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Brown B, Myers D, Casteel C, Rauscher K. Exploring differences in the workplace violence experiences of young workers in middle and late adolescence in the United States. J Safety Res 2020; 74:263-269. [PMID: 32951790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Young workers, typically characterized as 15-24 years of age, are commonly employed in jobs where the risk of workplace violence is high. It is unknown how these young workers, at varying stages of development, might understand and respond to workplace violence differently. We set out to explore whether the experiences and understandings of young workers varied between those in middle (ages 15-17) and late (ages 18-24) adolescence. METHOD Separate focus groups were conducted with working students (n = 31), ages 15-17 and ages 18-24, who had either experienced or witnessed workplace violence. A focus group guide was used to facilitate the sessions which were recorded, transcribed, and content analyzed for themes. RESULTS Those in the older group experienced more severe episodes of sexual harassment and physical assault, reported using formal mechanisms for reporting, and noticed an employer focus on customer satisfaction over employee safety, while the younger participants tended to report to their parents. Both groups reported negative effects of experiencing workplace violence including depression, anxiety, feelings of worthlessness, and spill over into personal life. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that young workers at different developmental stages may experience and respond to workplace violence differently. Further research is needed to see if these results are generalizable. SUMMARY It is imperative that we understand the distinct differences between these subsets of young workers and how they experience and respond to workplace violence in order to improve research, policy development, and prevention/intervention mechanisms. Practical Applications: Understanding that differences exist among young workers based on age due to developmental stage, lack of experience, education, and social awareness can enable employers, companies, policy makers, and researchers the opportunity to better address the issue of workplace violence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Brown
- West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Douglas Myers
- West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Carrie Casteel
- West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kimberly Rauscher
- West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Turner N, Tucker S, Deng C. Revisiting vulnerability: Comparing young and adult workers' safety voice intentions under different supervisory conditions. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 135:105372. [PMID: 31790968 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we test the widely held belief that young workers (aged 15-24) are less likely than adults (aged 25 and over) to speak up about safety concerns. Counter to this belief, and in line with age-related resource selectivity theory, we hypothesized that older workers would actually be less likely than younger workers to speak up about workplace safety concerns ("safety voice intentions") when their supervisors are unclear about their own commitment to safety. To test this, we created two realistic scenarios in which we manipulated clarity of supervisor commitment to safety: (1) it is clear the supervisor clearly cares about/is open to hearing suggestions about safety (the "clear commitment" condition) and (2) it is unclear whether the supervisor cares about/is open to hearing suggestions about safety (the "unclear commitment" condition). We randomly assigned participants (N = 80; 58 % women; 40 % over the age of 24) to one of the two scenarios and measured their safety voice intentions. In the face of clear supervisor commitment to safety, younger and adult workers did not differ on their safety voice intentions. However, compared to younger workers, adult workers were less likely to speak up about safety in the face of unclear signals about the supervisor's commitment to safety. These findings have implications for our understanding of young and adult worker safety voice, and the importance of how supervisors signal commitment to safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Sean Tucker
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, Canada.
| | - Connie Deng
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Canada.
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Klug K, Bernhard-Oettel C, Mäkikangas A, Kinnunen U, Sverke M. Development of perceived job insecurity among young workers: a latent class growth analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:901-18. [PMID: 30989364 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individual differences in the development of perceived job insecurity among young workers may be influenced by characteristics of the first job (contract type and sector) and individual background (education and previous unemployment), and can have implications for subsequent health and well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of perceived job insecurity during the early career, as well as associations between different patterns of development (i.e., trajectories), predictors and outcomes. METHODS We conducted a latent class growth analysis to identify trajectories of perceived job insecurity and investigated their respective associations with predictors and outcomes across 6 years in a sample of 1711 German labor market entrants. RESULTS Six trajectories were identified: three showed stable job insecurity perceptions (stable moderate, 36%; stable low, 32%; stable high, 5%), two showed decrease (moderate to low, 12%; high to moderate, 3%), and one showed increasing job insecurity perceptions (low to moderate, 13%). Temporary contracts and previous unemployment predicted trajectories characterized by increasing, higher initial or higher overall levels of perceived job insecurity. In contrast, public sector employees and university graduates were less likely to experience persisting or increasing job insecurity. The trajectories differed in their overall levels of self-rated health and job satisfaction, but not with respect to change in these outcomes. Instead, increasing perceived job insecurity was associated with decreasing life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that an insecure career start and individual risk factors may predispose young workers to an unfavorable development of both job insecurity perceptions and levels of well-being.
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Nykänen M, Sund R, Vuori J. Enhancing safety competencies of young adults: A randomized field trial (RCT). J Safety Res 2018; 67:45-56. [PMID: 30553429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young workers are exposed to various occupational hazards, often with limited experience and skills. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Attitude to Work Program on the safety competencies of young workers. Based on the social cognitive theory, the intervention was developed to help young people adopt an active role in preventing occupational hazards and overcoming barriers to safe work. METHOD The program was implemented in eight upper secondary-level vocational schools in Finland during 2015. A total of 464 students participated in the cluster randomized field trial. Those in the intervention group (n = 229) participated in the Attitude to Work Program. During the program, students identified and practiced behavioral strategies to prevent occupational hazards. Students in the control condition (n = 235) received written material about the same safety-related topics. RESULTS The short-term follow-up showed that the intervention significantly increased safety preparedness and the internal safety locus of control among the students in the intervention condition in comparison to those in the control condition. Students in the intervention condition also showed reduced risk-taking attitudes relative to those in the control condition. Furthermore, those who benefited most from the program were high conscientiousness students. The sensation-seeking level or vocational track did not moderate any of the intervention effects. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that safety competencies can be modified by intervention techniques based on a social-cognitive framework. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study provides tools for school-based safety training and future intervention development. Further research is needed to study the relationships between cognitive factors, safety behavior, and accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Nykänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Reijo Sund
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, P.O. Box 54, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Vuori
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland.
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Shendell DG, Noomnual S, Plascak J, Apostolico AA. Injuries among young workers in career-technical-vocational education and associations with per pupil spending. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1190. [PMID: 30342506 PMCID: PMC6196011 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE) requires by law for accidents/incidents (injury) involving career-technical-vocational education (CTE) students and staff to be reported within five business days to the NJ Safe Schools Program (NJSS) using an online surveillance system. NJ public schools and charter schools (CS) through school districts (SD) or county offices report school data annually to NJDOE, including per pupil spending (PPS). In this study, we examined potential associations of PPS with several variables on injury in NJ: injury cause, injury location on the body, injury type, injury severity, use of PPE, and location of treatment for injury. Methods PPS data for December 1998–June 2015 from CTE SDs (one per NJ county, n = 21), four CS SD and eight county special services districts were analyzed. T-test examined potential differences in PPS regarding injury severity and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Stepwise logistic regression assessed potential associations between PPS and various injury surveillance variables. Results There were more CTE injuries reported among SD with lower PPS than among SD with higher PPS. Relatively less severe injuries, e.g., bruise/bumps and cuts/lacerations, more often occurred at schools and SD with higher PPS. Conversely, relatively more severe injuries, e.g., fractures, more often occurred at schools and SD with lower PPS. Conclusion Future research should further investigate disparities regarding younger worker injuries reported within school-based career-technical-vocational education programs by PPS and other factors like sex or gender, severity, safety training provided and work experience at time of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek G Shendell
- Environmental and Occupational Health And New Jersey Safe Schools Program (NJ SS) Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, 3rd Floor SPH Building, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA.
| | | | - Jesse Plascak
- Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, USA
| | - Alexsandra A Apostolico
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, USA.,School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Guerin RJ, Toland MD, Okun AH, Rojas-Guyler L, Bernard AL. Using a Modified Theory of Planned Behavior to Examine Adolescents' Workplace Safety and Health Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behavioral Intention: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1595-610. [PMID: 29605895 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Work, a defining feature of adolescence in the United States, has many benefits. Work also has risks, as adolescents experience a higher rate of serious job-related injuries compared to adults. Talking Safety, a free curriculum from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, is one tool educators may adopt to provide teens with essential workplace safety and health education. Adolescents (N = 2503; female, 50.1%; Hispanic, 50.0%) in a large urban school district received Talking Safety from their eighth-grade science teachers. This study used a modified theory of planned behavior (which included a knowledge construct), to examine students' pre- and post-intervention scores on workplace safety and health knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention to enact job safety skills. The results from confirmatory factor analyses indicate three unique dimensions reflecting the theory, with a separate knowledge factor. Reliability estimates are ω ≥ .83. The findings from the structural equation models demonstrate that all paths, except pre- to posttest behavioral intention, are statistically significant. Self-efficacy is the largest contributor to the total effect of these associations. As hypothesized, knowledge has indirect effects on behavioral intention. Hispanic students scored lower at posttest on all but the behavioral intention measure, possibly suggesting the need for tailored materials to reach some teens. Overall the findings support the use of a modified theory of planned behavior to evaluate the effectiveness of a foundational workplace safety and health curriculum. This study may inform future efforts to ensure that safe and healthy work becomes integral to the adolescent experience.
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Pek S, Turner N, Tucker S, Kelloway EK, Morrish J. Injunctive safety norms, young worker risk-taking behaviors, and workplace injuries. Accid Anal Prev 2017; 106:202-210. [PMID: 28641090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Injunctive safety norms (ISNs) refer to perceptions of others' expectations of one's safety-related conduct. Drawing on a sample of Canadian young workers (n=11,986;M age=17.90years; 55% males), we study the relationships among four sources of non-work-related (i.e., parents, siblings, friends, teachers), two sources of work-related (i.e., supervisors, co-workers) ISNs, young workers' self-reported work-related risk-taking behaviors, and workplace injuries. Structural equation modeling suggests that ISNs from parents, supervisors, and co-workers were related to less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors, and with fewer workplace injuries via less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors. In addition, ISNs from supervisors were directly associated with fewer workplace injuries. In contrast, ISNs from teachers and siblings were not associated with work-related risk-taking behaviors, but ISNs from siblings were associated with fewer work injuries. Finally, ISNs from friends were associated with more frequent work-related risk-taking and more frequent work injuries via more frequent work-related risk-taking. This study draws attention to the relative roles of non-work sources of social influence and provides some evidence of how ISNs might be related to young workers' work-related risk-taking behaviors and their workplace injuries. It also contributes to practice by suggesting specific interventions that parents, supervisors, and co-workers could undertake to reduce young workers' work-related risk-taking and workplace injuries, namely encouraging youth to be safe at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pek
- Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
| | - Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Sean Tucker
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, Canada
| | | | - Jayne Morrish
- Jack and Nora Walker Canadian Centre for Lifespan Development Research, Brock University, Canada
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Okun AH, Guerin RJ, Schulte PA. Foundational workplace safety and health competencies for the emerging workforce. J Safety Res 2016; 59:43-51. [PMID: 27846998 PMCID: PMC5180424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young workers (aged 15-24) suffer disproportionately from workplace injuries, with a nonfatal injury rate estimated to be two times higher than among workers age 25 or over. These workers make up approximately 9% of the U.S. workforce and studies have shown that nearly 80% of high school students work at some point during high school. Although young worker injuries are a pressing public health problem, the critical knowledge and skills needed to prepare youth for safe and healthy work are missing from most frameworks used to prepare the emerging U.S. workforce. METHODS A framework of foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills (the NIOSH 8 Core Competencies) was developed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). RESULTS The proposed NIOSH Core Competencies utilize the HBM to provide a framework for foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills. An examination of how these competencies and the HBM apply to actions that workers take to protect themselves is provided. The social and physical environments that influence these actions are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS The NIOSH 8 Core Competencies, grounded in one of the most widely used health behavior theories, fill a critical gap in preparing the emerging U.S. workforce to be cognizant of workplace risks. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Integration of the NIOSH 8 Core Competencies into school curricula is one way to ensure that every young person has the foundational workplace safety and health knowledge and skills to participate in, and benefit from, safe and healthy work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Okun
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Guerin
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
| | - Paul A Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.
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Eyer M, Dainat B, Neumann P, Dietemann V. Social regulation of ageing by young workers in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Exp Gerontol 2016; 87:84-91. [PMID: 27865886 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organisms' lifespans are modulated by both genetic and environmental factors. The lifespan of eusocial insects is determined by features of the division of labor, which itself is influenced by social regulatory mechanisms. In the honey bee, Apis mellifera, the presence of brood and of old workers carrying out foraging tasks are important social drivers of ageing, but the influence of young adult workers is unknown, as it has not been experimentally teased apart from that of brood. In this study, we test the role of young workers in the ageing of their nestmates. We measured the impact of different social contexts characterized by the absence of brood and/or young adults on the lifespan of worker nestmates in field colonies. To acquire insight into the physiological processes occurring under these contexts, we analyzed the expression of genes known to affect honey bee ageing. The data showed that young workers significantly reduced the lifespan of nestmate workers, similar to the effect of brood on its own. Differential expression of vitellogenin, major royal jelly protein-1, and methylase transferase, but not methyl farneosate epoxidase genes suggests that young workers and brood influence ageing of adult nestmate workers via different physiological pathways. We identify young workers as an essential part of the social regulation of ageing in honey bee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eyer
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin Dainat
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Bee Health Service, Bienengesundheitsdienst, Apiservice, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Neumann
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Vincent Dietemann
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Social Insect Research Group, Zoology and Entomology Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Boström M, Holmgren K, Sluiter JK, Hagberg M, Grimby-Ekman A. Experiences of work ability in young workers: an exploratory interview study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:629-40. [PMID: 26515185 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-015-1101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of and influences on work ability in young workers related to their work and life situation.
Methods In a qualitative study of a strategic sample of 12 young female and 12 young male workers, aged 25–30 years, in work or recently left work, recruited from the 5-year follow-up of a Swedish cohort, semi-structured interviews were performed to explore the experiences of work ability in these young workers. Systematic text condensation inspired by phenomenology was used in the analysis. Results Work ability was experienced as complex, consisting of four themes, each with three subthemes. To be alert and have energy, to possess sufficient education, skills and working life experience and experience meaningfulness and engagement in work, were perceived to be fundamental for work ability and were seen as the worker’s own responsibility. Moreover, work ability can be improved or reduced by the psychosocial work climate, the work organization and the private life. Optimal work ability was experienced when all themes integrated in a positive way. Conclusions Work ability was experienced as the worker’s own responsibility that could be influenced by work circumstances and private life. To promote good work ability among young workers, work ability has to be understood in its specific context. Whether the understanding of work ability found in this study is explicit for the group of young adults needs to be explored in a more general population in further research.
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Turner N, Tucker S, Kelloway EK. Prevalence and demographic differences in microaccidents and safety behaviors among young workers in Canada. J Safety Res 2015; 53:39-43. [PMID: 25933996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examines the self-reported frequency of non-lost work time workplace injuries ("microaccidents") and the frequency of three types of work-related safety behaviors (i.e., safety voice, safety compliance, and safety neglect) recalled over a four-week period. METHOD We analyzed data on microaccidents and safety behaviors from 19,547 young workers (aged 15-25years, Mdn=18years; 55% male) from multiple Canadian provinces. RESULTS Approximately one-third of all young workers recalled experiencing at least one microaccident at work in the last four weeks. Comparisons across three age groups revealed that younger workers, particularly between the ages of 15-18, reported more frequent microaccidents, less safety voice, less safety compliance, and more safety neglect than workers aged 19-22. This pattern of results also held for comparisons between workers in 19-22 and 23-25 age groups, except for safety voice which did not differ between these two older age groups. In terms of gender, males and females reported the same frequency of microaccidents, but males reported more safety voice, more safety compliance, and more safety neglect than females did. The results and limitations of the present study are discussed. CONCLUSION Frequency of microaccidents and safety behavior vary among young worker age sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Sean Tucker
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, Canada.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommendation for extensive changes to the Agency's 40-year-old Worker Protection Standard is currently stalled in the "proposed rule" stage. The proposal, which was available for public comment until 18 August, would improve safety, training, and hazard communication policies for agricultural pesticides. Exposure to hazards, including high heat, heavy machinery, stoop labor, and pesticides, makes occupational illness uncommonly common among the USA's estimated 2.5 million farm workers. OBJECTIVES To consider the proposed revisions' likelihood of addressing historical gaps in farmworker protection. METHODS The proposal was compared to the existing Worker Protection Standard, and key aspects were analyzed in relation to existing science on farm labor hazards, as well as historic occupational health, labor and immigration policy. RESULTS US law historically has left farm workers largely unprotected. These exclusions and delays have been tolerated in part thanks to the myth of the independent family farmer, but more significant is the stingy nativism that presumes to benefit from immigrant labor without assuming any responsibility to protect the humans who provide it. In the first half of the 1970s, workers lobbied for robust protections, but rule making was impeded by lack of data and by the disproportionate influence of agricultural employers who sought minimal regulation. In 1974, the EPA passed the first Worker Protection Standard for farm workers. Key aspects of the proposed revision include stronger protections against drift and re-entry exposures, better information provision and training, and increased protections for workers under 16 years. CONCLUSIONS The proposed changes represent an improvement over existing legislation, but do not go far enough. The revision should be strengthened along lines suggested by farm workers themselves, and other labor laws must also be amended to give the men, women, and children who work in the fields of this country full rights and protections.
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Tucker S, Diekrager D, Turner N, Kelloway EK. Work-related injury underreporting among young workers: prevalence, gender differences, and explanations for underreporting. J Safety Res 2014; 50:67-73. [PMID: 25142362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although notifying an employer of a lost-time work-related injury is a legal requirement in many jurisdictions, employees frequently do not report such injuries. METHOD Based on data from 21,345 young part-time Canadian workers (55% male), we found that 21% of respondents had experienced at least one lost-time injury, with about half reporting the injury to an employer and a doctor. RESULTS Respondents provided 10 reasons for avoiding reporting lost-time injuries, with perceived low severity of the injury, negative reactions of others, and ambiguity about whether work caused the injury as the most common ones. Additional analysis of these categories revealed that young males cited concern about their self-identity as a reason for not reporting an injury more often than young females did. We discuss the findings in terms of implications for management practice (i.e., educating young workers about accurate injury reporting) and public policy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Targeted campaigns should be developed for young workers, especially young male workers, who are less likely to report injuries than young female workers, to understand the importance of and to encourage injury reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Tucker
- University of Regina, Faculty of Business Administration, Canada.
| | - Dayle Diekrager
- University of Regina, Faculty of Business Administration, Canada
| | - Nick Turner
- University of Manitoba, School of Business, Canada
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