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Gopakumar L, Joseph A. Hazard estimation in urban home garden soils in an industrial area using microarthropods, soil properties and GIS modelling: an integrated approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:522. [PMID: 38714532 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
The use of soil microarthropods as indicators of soil pollution in home gardens of an industrial area has been covered in this study. Soil samples were collected from 25 home gardens in three zones in Eloor during summer and North East monsoon from 2014 to 2018, for the study of soil microarthropods, soil properties, soil nutrients, and trace elements. The relationships among QBS-ar, microarthropod abundance, soil properties, and soil nutrients, were used to estimate the pollution hazard of the industrial area. The microarthropods present in the study area were Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplopoda, and Araneae. A prominent study area feature was the absence of Collembola and Acari. The QBS-ar index score in these regions showed that the home gardens located adjacent to the industrial area showed low soil quality, with soil quality class values ranging from 1 to 2 throughout the study period. Discriminant analysis of soil nutrients with soil properties and microarthropod abundance showed that in Zone 1 and Zone 2, the data in 2018 was very well discriminated compared to other years. The hazard assessment in the Eloor region showed various levels of hazard zonation: Zone 1 with high-hazard and medium-hazard areas, Zone 2 with medium-hazard areas, and Zone 3 with low- and medium-hazard areas. The study is one of the first kinds that have used QBS-ar scores and soil properties along with soil nutrients and trace elements for estimating the level of hazard in home garden agroecosystems and thus points to an easy, simple, and practical approach in the monitoring and management of soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Gopakumar
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India, 682 022.
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health (NCAAH), Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kerala, India, 682 016.
| | - Ammini Joseph
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India, 682 022
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2
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Liu X, Peng C, Zhou Z, Jiang Z, Guo Z, Xiao X. Impacts of land use/cover and slope on the spatial distribution and ecological risk of trace metals in soils affected by smelting emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:53. [PMID: 38110584 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The soil contamination around smelting sites shows high spatial heterogeneity. This study investigated the impacts of distance, land use/cover types, land slopes, wind direction, and soil properties on the distribution and ecological risk of trace metals in the soil around a copper smelter. The results demonstrated that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were 248.0, 16.8, 502.4, 885.6, and 250.2 g mg kg-1, respectively, higher than their background values. The hotspots of trace metals were primarily distributed in the soil of smelting production areas, runoff pollution areas, and areas in the dominant wind direction. The concentrations of trace metals decreased with the distance to the smelting production area. An exponential decay regression revealed that, depending on the metal species, the influence distances of smelting emissions on trace metals in soil ranged from 450 to 1000 m. Land use/cover types and land slopes significantly affected trace element concentrations in the soil around the smelter. High concentrations of trace metals were observed in farmland, grassland, and flatland areas. The average concentrations of trace metals in the soil decreased in the order of flat land > gentle slope > steep slope. Soil pH values were significantly positively correlated with Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As, and SOM was significantly positively correlated with Cd, Pb, and Zn in the soil. Trace metals in the soil of the study area posed a significant ecological risk. The primary factors influencing the distribution of ecological risk, as determined by the Ctree analysis, were land slope, soil pH, and distance to the source. These results can support the rapid identification of high-risk sites and facilitate risk prevention and control around smelting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Ziruo Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhichao Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Herojeet R, Dewangan RK, Naik PK, Verma JR. Probabilistic modelling is superior to deterministic approaches in the human health risk assessment: an example from a tribal stretch in central India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19351. [PMID: 37935700 PMCID: PMC10630383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This case drew national attention in 2018. About 100 people died and more than 300 hospitalized in a span of few years in a village of 1200 people in a tribal stretch in central India. Medical teams visiting the area reported severe renal failure and blamed the local eating and drinking habits as causative factors. This human health assessment based on geochemical investigations finds nitrate (NO3-) and fluoride (F-) pollution as well in village's groundwater. Both deterministic and probabilistic techniques are employed to decipher the contamination pathways and extent of contamination. Source apportionments of NO3- and F- and their relationship with other ions in groundwater are carried out through chemometric modelling. Latent factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater too are explored. While hazard quotients ([Formula: see text]) of the chemical parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) identify ingestion as the prominent pathway, the calculated risk certainty levels (RCL) of the hazard index (HI) values above unity are compared between the deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Deterministic model overestimates the HI values and magnify the contamination problems. Probabilistic model gives realistic results that stand at infants ([Formula: see text] = 34.03%, [Formula: see text] = 24.17%) > children ([Formula: see text] = 23.01%, [Formula: see text] = 10.56%) > teens ([Formula: see text] = 13.17%, [Formula: see text] = 2.00%) > adults ([Formula: see text] = 11.62%, [Formula: see text] = 1.25%). Geochemically, about 90% of the samples are controlled by rock-water interaction with Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- (~ 56%) as the dominant hydrochemical facies. Chemometric modelling confirms Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, F-, and SO42- to originate from geogenic sources, Cl- and NO3- from anthropogenic inputs and Na+ and K+ from mixed factors. The area needs treated groundwater for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Herojeet
- Department of Environmental Studies, Post Graduate Government College, Sector-11, Chandigarh, 160011, India
| | - Rakesh K Dewangan
- Central Ground Water Board, North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, LK Corporates Tower, Dumartarai, Dhamtari Road, Raipur, 492015, India
| | - Pradeep K Naik
- Central Ground Water Board, North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, LK Corporates Tower, Dumartarai, Dhamtari Road, Raipur, 492015, India.
- Centre for Hydrological Sciences and Communication, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Janak R Verma
- Central Ground Water Board, North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, LK Corporates Tower, Dumartarai, Dhamtari Road, Raipur, 492015, India
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Kashi G. Electrocoagulation/flotation process for removing copper from an aqueous environment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13334. [PMID: 37587185 PMCID: PMC10432402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of copper in aqueous environments such as drinking water has led to several environmental effects, such as flavor and odor. The increase in Cu levels in ground and surface water has been mainly attributed to anthropogenic and natural sources. Consequently, this applied-analytical study aimed to investigate copper removal from urban drinking water through batch reactor electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) with aluminum electrodes. The copper removal efficiency was evaluated under various operating conditions of current density (0.8-2.4 mA/cm2), initial concentration (1-100 mg/L), pH (3.5-10.5), and time (10-30 min). Cu was determined using the method outlined in the standard procedures (3500-Cu B at 4571 nm). The results indicated that increasing the current density from 0.8 to 2.4 mA/cm2 and the reaction time from 10 to 30 min improved Cu+2 removal efficiency (from 95 to 100%). In addition, the results demonstrated that Cu+2 reduction is 100% with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, a pH of 7.5, a reaction time of 30 min, and an anode current density of 2.4 mA/cm2. The Taguchi method results for copper removal efficiency show that reaction time is the most significant variable. Furthermore, Cu removal kinetics models in an ECF reactor are second-order (R2 > 0.92). The Cu removal in the ECF reactor is due to redox and adsorption. Moreover, the operational costs of Cu treatment with Al electrode pairs are estimated to range from 8857 and 9636 Rial/kg of Cu removed. Thus, it can be concluded that the ECF process is very efficient in removing Cu from aqueous environments under optimum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Kashi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khaghani St., Shariati Ave, Tehran, Iran.
- Water Purification Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen F, Wang Q, Meng F, Chen M, Wang B. Effects of long-term zinc smelting activities on the distribution and health risk of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Guizhou province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5639-5654. [PMID: 32935252 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of zinc smelting on environment and human health, the concentration, distribution, sources and health risk of eight heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Mn, and As) were investigated from agricultural soils in a long-term Zn smelting area in Guizhou, China. Different health risk assessment methods and models were used to access health risks. The results show that the concentrations of all the eight heavy metals were significantly higher than their corresponding background values (p < 0.05). Pb, Cd, and As were the most contaminated elements, with 93.6%, 90.3% and 48.4% of agricultural soil samples higher than the risk screening values, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, and As could be mainly accounted for Zn smelting activities, while Cr and Ni may be generally more controlled by natural sources. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) suggested that the most seriously contaminating heavy metals were Pb, Cd, and Zn, with 96.8%, 90.3%, and 96.8%, respectively, of the soil samples classified as moderately to extremely contaminated. The non-carcinogenic health risk associated with Pb, Cd and As were observed for children, meanwhile, the carcinogenic risk due to As was found for both adults and children. Regardless of cancer risk or non-cancer risk, local children are at greater risk than adults. Therefore, Pb, Cd and As play the leading role to cause potential health risks in the study area, which need to be paid more attention and also effective control measures should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, Guizhou, China
| | - Fanli Meng
- Guizhou Academy of Environmental Science and Designing, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Zhu Y, Zhu J, Wang B, Xiao M, Li L. Pollution characteristics and probabilistic health risk of potentially hazardous elements in soils near a typical coal mine in Panzhihua City, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:230. [PMID: 36571700 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study first assessed the pollution characteristics and probabilistic health risks of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) in soils from the Dabaoding coal mining area in southwest China using Monte Carlo simulation. Experimental results showed that Cd was moderately enriched in soils, while Ni, Cr, and V were slightly enriched. However, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) illustrated that the coal mining area had a low level of Cd pollution. PHEs produced a very high ecological risk to soils in the coal mining area, whereas Cd showed the highest contribution (82.56%). The mean hazard index of all soil PHEs was 7.45E - 02 and 4.18E - 01 for local adults and children, respectively, all of which were obviously lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1.0. However, Monte Carlo simulation analysis indicated that 1.08% of noncarcinogenic risk values for local children still exceeded the maximum acceptable level. Additionally, 10.84% and 18.40% of the total carcinogenic risk values for local adults and children, respectively, exceeded the threshold of 1E - 04. Indeed, Cr and Ni had the highest contributions to noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. These findings suggest that Cd, Cr, and Ni should be identified as priority pollutants in coal mining areas. This study also provides valuable implications for policy-makers and environmental engineers, proposing efficient policies for better soil pollution control and remediation strategies in coal mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyuan Zhu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Sichuan Metallurgical Geological Survey and Ecological Environment Engineering Co., LTD, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li Li
- Sichuan Metallurgical Geological Survey and Ecological Environment Engineering Co., LTD, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Li L, Chang H. The Effect of "Production during Remediation" of Plants in Cd-Contaminated Soil. TOXICS 2022; 10:732. [PMID: 36548565 PMCID: PMC9782304 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to find suitable plants for "production during remediation" in wheat fields moderately contaminated by cadmium (Cd), five plants-green amaranth, oil sunflower, broomcorn, maize, and waxy maize-were planted in pots to study their enrichment characteristics and remediation effects in Cd-contaminated soil. The results showed that the highest bioaccumulation and translocation factors were greater than 0.5 for oil sunflower, which had the strongest Cd-enrichment ability in Cd-contaminated soil, but its biomass was small, and the Cd content of the grain exceeded the standard (GB2762-2017). The Cd content in the grains of broomcorn, maize, and waxy maize was less than 0.1 mg∙kg-1, which is lower than the national food safety standard on limiting pollutants in food (GB2762-2017). Broomcorn accumulated 0.429 mg∙pot-1 for Cd, with a Cd-extraction efficiency of 1.73%, which were higher than other plants. Taking the risk-screening values in GB15618-2018 "Soil Environmental Quality Standard" as the target, it will take 80 years to remediate using broomcorn, which has the highest extraction efficiency, based on cultivating remediation plants once per year. However, in view of the scarcity of arable land resources in China and the objective of safe production during remediation, the use of broomcorn can be considered for production during remediation for the given degree of Cd contamination of the soil.
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Yeganeh E, Vatankhah E, Toghranegar Z, Amanifar S. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Alters Metal Uptake and the Physio-biochemical Responses of Glycyrrhiza glabra in a Lead Contaminated Soil. GESUNDE PFLANZEN 2022; 75:1-17. [PMID: 38625265 PMCID: PMC9584271 DOI: 10.1007/s10343-022-00752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can affect the host's ability to cope with several environmental stresses, such as heavy metal stress. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the Funneliformis mosseae inoculation on growth and physio-biochemical parameters and lead (Pb) accumulation in liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) under Pb stress. A factorial experiment was performed with the combination of two factors, fungi (inoculated and non-inoculated (NM)) and soil Pb levels (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg kg-1 soil) with four replicates. In the presence of Pb, symbiosis with F. mosseae exert positive effect on growth parameters, which was more significant in shoots than roots. Mycorrhization improved fresh and dry weights and length in shoot by 147, 112.5 and 83%, respectively, compared to NM plants at Pb150 level. Moreover, F. mosseae significantly increased tolerance index and the concentrations of soluble sugars and flavonoids in shoots and proline, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc and manganese in shoots and roots but decreased their malondialdehyde concentrations under Pb stress. The Pb concentrations, transfer and bioaccumulation factors of mycorrhizal plants were less than non-mycorrhizal ones. A positive correlation was also observed between glomalin secretion and colonization rate in Pb treated soils. These results indicate the importance of mycorrhizal colonization in alleviating the Pb-induced stress in liquorice, mainly through improving the nutrition, modifying reactive oxygen species detoxifying metabolites and reducing the translocation of Pb to shoots. Observations revealed that mycorrhization of liquorice would be an efficient strategy to use in the phytoremediation practices of Pb-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Yeganeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elahe Vatankhah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Toghranegar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Setareh Amanifar
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Jiang Z, Guo Z, Peng C, Anaman R, Ran H, Xiao X. Adsorption of Cd on Soils with Various Particle Sizes from an Abandoned Non-ferrous Smelting Site: Characteristics and Mechanism. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:630-635. [PMID: 35471460 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil particle size could intensively impact the Cd adsorption in soils. The adsorption characteristics of Cd on miscellaneous fill (MF) and weathered slate (WS), collected from a zinc smelting site, were studied by batch experiments under conditions of different initial Cd concentrations and soil particle sizes. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics of Cd for soil particles from MF and WS were well fitted with the pseudo-first-order model, and the Cd adsorption isotherms well conformed to the Freundlich model. Soil particle size had an inconspicuous influence on adsorption rate, while the adsorption capacity decreased with particle size increase. The Cd adsorption on soil particles could be due to the exchange with Fe/Al, and -OH/C=O sites were the predominant adsorption sites. The MF may cause secondary pollution risk due to its low adsorption ability for Cd in smelting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Richmond Anaman
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hongzhen Ran
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Fakhri A, Valadan Zoej MJ, Safdarinezhad A, Yavari P. Estimation of heavy metal concentrations (Cd and Pb) in plant leaves using optimal spectral indicators and artificial neural networks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76119-76134. [PMID: 35666414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The necessity of continuously monitoring the agricultural products in terms of their health has enforced the development of rapid, low-cost, and non-destructive monitoring solutions. Heavy metal contamination of the plants is known as a source of health threats that are made by their proximities with pollutant soil, water, and air. In this paper, a method was proposed to measure lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination of plant leaves through field spectrometry as a low-cost solution for continuous monitoring. The study area was Mahneshan county of Zanjan province in Iran with rich heavy metal mines that have more potential for plant contamination. At first, we collected different plant samples throughout the study area and measured the Pb and Cd concentrations using ICP-AES, in which we observed that the concentrations of Pb and Cd are in the range of 1.4 ~ 282.6 and 0.3 ~ 66.7 μgg-1, respectively, and then we tried to find the optimum estimator model through a multi-objective version of genetic algorithm (GA) optimization that finds simultaneously the structure of an artificial neural network and its input features. The features extracted from the raw spectrums have been collimated to be compatible with the Sentinel-2 multispectral bands for the possibility of further developments. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the optimum estimator model in estimation of the leaves' Pb and Cd contamination, irrespective of the plant type, which has reached the R2 of 0.99 and 0.85 for Pb and Cd, respectively. Additionally, the results suggested that the 783-, 842-, and 865-nm spectral bands, which are similar to the 7, 8, and 8a sentinel-2 spectral bands, are more efficient for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Fakhri
- Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O Box 15433-19967, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Valadan Zoej
- Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O Box 15433-19967, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Safdarinezhad
- Department of Geodesy and Surveying Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, 39518-79611, Iran
| | - Parvin Yavari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen L, Yang W, Yang Y, Tu P, Hu S, Zeng Q. Three-season rotation of chicory-tobacco-peanut with high biomass and bioconcentration factors effectively remediates cadmium-contaminated farmland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64822-64831. [PMID: 35478394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditional phytoremediation is one approach to remediate heavy metal pollution. In developing countries, the key factor in promoting practical application of phytoremediation in polluted soils is selecting suitable plants that are tolerant to heavy metals and also produce products with economic value. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted with a three-season chicory-tobacco-peanut rotation to determine effects on remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland in China. All crops had strong Cd accumulation capacity, with bioconcentration factors of 6.61 to 11.97 in chicory, 3.85 to 21.61 in tobacco, and 1.36 to 7.0 in peanut. Yield of total dry biomass reached 32.4 t ha-1, and the Cd phytoextraction efficiency was 10.3% per year. Aboveground tissues of the three crops accounted for 83.9 to 91.2% of total biomass in the rotation experiment. Cd content in peanut grain and oil met the National Food Safety Standard of China (0.5 mg kg-1, GB 2762-2017) and the Food Contaminant Limit of the European Union (0.1 mg kg-1, 18,812,006). Therefore, in addition to phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils, the chicory-tobacco-peanut rotation system can also produce economic benefits for local farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Shengnan Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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Chormare R, Kumar MA. Environmental health and risk assessment metrics with special mention to biotransfer, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of environmental pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134836. [PMID: 35525441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environment pollutants, which are landed up in environment because of human activities like urbanization, mining and industrializations, affects human health, plants and animals. The living organisms present in environment are constantly affected by the toxic pollutants through direct contact or bioaccumulation of chemicals from the environment. The toxic and hazardous pollutants are easily transferred to different environmental matrices like land, air and water bodies such as surface and ground waters. This comprehensive review deeply discusses the routes and causes of different environmental pollutants along with their toxicity, impact, occurrences and fate in the environment. Environment health and risk assessment tools that are used to evaluate the harmfulness, exposure of living organisms to pollutants and the amount of pollutant accumulated are explained with help of bio-kinetic models. Biotransfer, toxicity factor, biomagnification and bioaccumulation of different pollutants in the air, water and marine ecosystems are critically addressed. Thus, the presented survey would be collection of correlations those addresses the factors involved in assessing the environmental health and risk impacts of distinct environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Chormare
- Process Design and Engineering Cell, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
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Zhou Z, Peng C, Liu X, Jiang Z, Guo Z, Xiao X. Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metal(loid)s in the Soil around Lead-Zinc Smelteries via Data Integration Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159698. [PMID: 35955055 PMCID: PMC9368718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pb-Zn smelting is a major cause of heavy metal(loid) contaminations in soils. We collected data on heavy metal(loid)s in the soils near Pb-Zn smelteries globally from 54 peer-reviewed reports to study the metals' distribution, pollution index, and potential ecological and health risks. We observed that 90% of the studied Pb-Zn smelteries were distributed in Asia and Europe. Heavy metal(loid)s were mainly deposited within a 2 km distance to the smelteries, with mean concentrations (mg/kg) of 208.3 for As, 26.6 for Cd, 191.8 for Cu, 4192.6 for Pb, and 4187.7 for Zn, respectively. Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceeded their corresponding upper continental crust values several hundred folds, suggesting severe contamination. The smelting area had the highest heavy metal(loid) contamination in soil, followed by the forest land, farmland, and living area. Compared with the soil environmental standard values from various countries, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were considered priority pollutants for protecting the ecosystem and human health. Likewise, As, Cd, and Pb were suggested as the priority pollutants for protecting groundwater safety. The potential ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil within 2 km of Pb-Zn smelteries were severe and should be of concern.
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Aminiyan MM, Rahman MM, Rodríguez-Seijo A, Hajiali Begloo R, Cheraghi M, Aminiyan FM. Elucidating of potentially toxic elements contamination in topsoils around a copper smelter: Spatial distribution, partitioning and risk estimation. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1795-1811. [PMID: 34368909 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) as one of the major environmental hazards is associated with metal exploration and refining acting. In this study, forty-five topsoil samples surrounding a copper smelter factory were taken and analysed using standard routine methods. The total concentration, chemical fractionation and the mobility potential of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were analysed. Additionally, the spatial distribution of PTEs, the potential ecotoxicological, and human health risks was assessed. The range of total Cu was 1478-4718 mg kg-1, reaching up to 501.5, 21.6, 118.4, 573.5 and 943.3 mg kg-1 for total contents of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn, respectively. The potentially available fractions after sequential extraction reveal all studied PTE were dramatically mobile and available in the studied area (86%, 69.3%, 59.5%, 87.2%, 84% and 68% for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Cu, respectively), reflecting that the concentration and accumulation of these elements are profoundly affected or originated by smelting activities and deposition of atmospheric emissions of the Cu smelting factory. The spatial distribution of all PTEs indicated that concentrations of these element near the smelter Cu-factory were elevated. Accordingly, the ecotoxicology status of the studied area suggests that significantly high risks are posed by the measured PTEs. Non-carcinogenic effects of As, Pb and Cu were significantly much higher than the recommended value (HI = 1), suggesting that these three PTEs could adversely impact children's health. For adults, only the HI value of As was greater than one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raziyeh Hajiali Begloo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Cheraghi
- Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Mirzaei Aminiyan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Vali-e-Asr Rafsanjan University, Rafsanjan, Iran
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15
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Rajkumar H, Naik PK, Singh G, Rishi M. Hydrogeochemical characterization, multi-exposure deterministic and probabilistic health hazard evaluation in groundwater in parts of Northern India. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2080222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herojeet Rajkumar
- Department of Environment Studies, Post Graduate Government College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep K. Naik
- Rajiv Gandhi National Ground Water Training & Research Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Madhuri Rishi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Adnan M, Xiao B, Xiao P, Zhao P, Li R, Bibi S. Research Progress on Heavy Metals Pollution in the Soil of Smelting Sites in China. TOXICS 2022; 10:231. [PMID: 35622644 PMCID: PMC9147308 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by heavy metals is a significant issue worldwide. In recent decades, soil heavy metals pollutants in China had adverse impacts on soil quality and threatened food security and human health. Anthropogenic inputs mainly generate heavy metal contamination in China. In this review, the approaches were used in these investigations, focusing on geochemical strategies and metal isotope methods, particularly useful for determining the pathway of mining and smelting derived pollution in the soil. Our findings indicate that heavy metal distribution substantially impacts topsoils around mining and smelting sites, which release massive amounts of heavy metals into the environment. Furthermore, heavy metal contamination and related hazards posed by Pb, Cd, As, and Hg are more severe to plants, soil organisms, and humans. It's worth observing that kids are particularly vulnerable to Pb toxicity. And this review also provides novel approaches to control and reduce the impacts of heavy metal pollution. Hydrometallurgy offers a potential method for extracting metals and removing potentially harmful heavy metals from waste to reduce pollution. However, environmentally friendly remediation of contaminated sites is a significant challenge. This paper also evaluates current technological advancements in the remediation of polluted soil, such as stabilization/solidification, natural attenuation, electrokinetic remediation, soil washing, and phytoremediation. The ability of biological approaches, especially phytoremediation, is cost-effective and favorable to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (M.A.); (P.X.); (P.Z.); (R.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baohua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (M.A.); (P.X.); (P.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Peiwen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (M.A.); (P.X.); (P.Z.); (R.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (M.A.); (P.X.); (P.Z.); (R.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (M.A.); (P.X.); (P.Z.); (R.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaheen Bibi
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China;
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Hasanzadeh M, Malakootian M, Nasiri A, Oliveri Conti G, Ferrante M, Faraji M. Ecological and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Topsoils, Southeast of Iran. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:737-744. [PMID: 34988609 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess ecological and health risk of heavy metals (HMs) in the 35 topsoils in southeastern Iran. Ecological and health risks were assessed based on the EPA method. The order of the HMs followed as: Zn > Cr>Cu>Pb>As>Cd. All samples, except As and Cu, had the moderate enrichment and low to moderate pollution, respectively. The As in both regions and Cu in the city was classified in the lack to minimal enrichment and no pollution category. The studied HMs in both regions were shown a low ecological risk. There was minimal possibility of adverse non-carcinogenic effects. The Cr and As had an acceptable or tolerable carcinogenic risk from ingestion route (ELCRing) in both regions. According to the important role of As, Cd and Cr from the aspect of ecological and health risk, control of their sources must be considered to attenuate ecological and human adverse effets in the studied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Hasanzadeh
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Malakootian
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Nasiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maryam Faraji
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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18
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Jiang Z, Guo Z, Peng C, Liu X, Zhou Z, Xiao X. Heavy metals in soils around non-ferrous smelteries in China: Status, health risks and control measures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 282:117038. [PMID: 33838438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-ferrous smelting is a primary cause of serious soil pollution. Contamination and health risks of heavy metals in soils around various types of non-ferrous smelteries in China were assessed using data from peer-reviewed papers published between 2000 and 2019. Development in the relevant environmental policy in China was discussed. The studied non-ferrous smelting sites were mainly located in provinces that produced non-ferrous metals on a large scale. The average concentrations of the heavy metals in soils around the non-ferrous smelteries (in mg per kg of soil) were as follows: Cd, 19.8; Cu, 265; Pb, 1536; and Zn, 1371; the concentrations greatly exceeded their corresponding background values. The smelting sites with high soil contamination in terms of metal concentrations, geo-accumulation (Igeo), and pollution index (PI) were mainly distributed in several provinces of China, including Guangxi, Gansu, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, and Liaoning. Soils near smelteries that processed copper were the most polluted based on Igeo and PI. The accumulation of Cd and Pb in soils around non-ferrous smelteries would pose potentially high risks to residents. A series of environmental policies have proven successful in lowering the emissions of contaminants from the non-ferrous in China. The findings of the study suggested that the strategies to control soil pollution around non-ferrous smelteries should primarily focus on Cd and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ziruo Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Zhao Y, Gao L, Zha F, Chen X, Zhou X, Wang X, Chen Y, Pan X. Research on heavy metal level and co-occurrence network in typical ecological fragile area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:531-540. [PMID: 34150256 PMCID: PMC8172680 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the special sensitivity of typical ecologically fragile areas, a series of human life, mining, and other activities have a greater impact on the environment. In this study, three coal mines in Ordos City on the Loess Plateau were selected as the study area, and the pollution levels of heavy metals in the area were studied by measuring As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in the soil of 131 sampling points. Combined with the concept of "co-occurrence network" in biology, the level of heavy metals in soil was studied using geostatistics and remote sensing databases. The results showed that the concentrations of Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb in more than half of the sampling points were higher than the local environmental background value, but did not exceed the risk control value specified by China, indicating that human factors have a greater influence, while Cd and As elements are mainly affected Soil parent material and human factors influence. Heavy metal elements have nothing to do with clay and silt but have an obvious correlation with gravel. Cd, Pb, As and Ni, Cd, Cr are all positively correlated, and different heavy metals are in space The distribution also reflects the autocorrelation, mainly concentrated in the northeast of the TS mining area and the middle of the PS mining area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangmin Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fugeng Zha
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Pan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Han A, Lu X, Qing S, Bao Y, Bao Y, Ma Q, Liu X, Zhang J. Rapid Determination of Low Heavy Metal Concentrations in Grassland Soils around Mining Using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia, China. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093220. [PMID: 34066493 PMCID: PMC8124297 DOI: 10.3390/s21093220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Proximal sensing offers a novel means for determination of the heavy metal concentration in soil, facilitating low cost and rapid analysis over large areas. In this respect, spectral data and model variables play an important role. Thus far, no attempts have been made to estimate soil heavy metal content using continuum-removal (CR), different preprocessing and statistical methods, and different modeling variables. Considering the adsorption and retention of heavy metals in spectrally active constituents in soil, this study proposes a method for determining low heavy metal concentrations in soil using spectral bands associated with soil organic matter (SOM) and visible–near-infrared (Vis–NIR). To rapidly determine the concentration of heavy metals using hyperspectral data, partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), and support vector machine regression (SVMR) statistical methods and 16 preprocessing combinations were developed and explored to determine an optimal combination. The results showed that the multiplicative scatter correction and standard normal variate preprocessing methods evaluated with the second derivative spectral transformation method could accurately determine soil Cr and Ni concentrations. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of Vis–NIR model combinations with PLSR, PCR, and SVMR were 0.34, 3.42, and 2.15 for Cr, and 0.07, 1.78, and 1.14 for Ni, respectively. Soil Cr and Ni showed strong spectral responses to the Vis–NIR spectral band. The R2 value of the Vis–NIR-based PLSR model was higher than 0.99, and the RMSE value was 0.07–0.34, suggesting higher stability and accuracy. The results were more accurate for Ni than Cr, and PLSR showed the best performance, followed by SVMR and PCR. This perspective has critical implications for guiding quantitative biogeochemical analysis using proximal sensing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aru Han
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (A.H.); (Y.B.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
- Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- College of Tourism and Geographical Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China;
| | - Song Qing
- College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China; (S.Q.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yongbin Bao
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (A.H.); (Y.B.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuhai Bao
- College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China; (S.Q.); (Y.B.)
| | - Qing Ma
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (A.H.); (Y.B.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (A.H.); (Y.B.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (A.H.); (Y.B.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
- Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-9608-6467
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Chan MWH, Hasan KA, Balthazar-Silva D, Mirani ZA, Asghar M. Evaluation of heavy metal pollutants in salt and seawater under the influence of the Lyari River and potential health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112215. [PMID: 33684706 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals intoxication through edible salt poses serious health hazards. The conducted research assessed the levels of heavy metals, health risks of salt samples, and the pollution index of seawater obtained from saltpans located at Sandpit, Karachi, Pakistan, which receive untreated effluents through the Lyari River. Seawater (n = 27) and salt samples (n = 27) were prepared for the detection of Al, Cd, Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu, Hg, Ni, As and Zn through atomic absorption spectroscopy, mean concentrations ± S.D. (mg/mL) were compared with the National Environmental Quality Standards, Pakistan. The levels of Cr (40.06 ± 0.21) were the highest followed by Fe (39.77 ± 0.08) > As (25.12 ± 0.21) > Ni > Pb > Al > Hg > Zn > Cd > Cu. In sea salt (Mean ± S·D mg/Kg), the Cr (47.79 ± 0.19), Fe (47.5 ± 0.15), As (30.62 ± 0.22), and Ni were redundant elements followed by Al > Pb > Hg > Zn > Cu > Cd. The water comprehensive pollution index was 1000 times greater than the critical values. The single factor pollution index was highest for Hg (1321), followed by Cr (40), Ni (36), Pb (32), Al (31.4), Cd (31.3), and As (25). Health risk assessment indices (from salt samples), including target hazard quotient (THQ) for As, Pb, Al, Hg, and Cr were two to six times higher than the noncarcinogenic THQ reference range. Similarly, the hazardous index indicated that salt was 20 times hazardous (HI = 20.29), and the carcinogenic rate index for the heavy metals i.e., Cd, As, Cr, and Ni was above the reference CR value i.e., 1 × 10-4. In conclusion, the experimental and theoretical approaches recommend that the use of contaminated salt may impart health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khwaja Ali Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Danilo Balthazar-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, Campus Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
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Kumar R, Mittal S, Peechat S, Sahoo PK, Sahoo SK. Quantification of groundwater-agricultural soil quality and associated health risks in the agri-intensive Sutlej River Basin of Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:4245-4268. [PMID: 32607702 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quality of drinking water and agricultural soil significantly affects the health of residents of the area. The quality of groundwater used as drinking and irrigation water along with agricultural soil of an agri-intensive region of the Sutlej River Basin (SRB), Punjab (India), has been investigated in the present paper to further access their impacts on human health. The quality parameters studied are pH, conductivity, cations, anions and trace elements/heavy metals. The spatio-distribution maps of major contaminates have been made. The distribution of major existing groundwater and agricultural soil contaminants has also been illustrated using inverse distance weighting interpolation technique. Further, the Pearson correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) have been applied to explore the correlation and source apportionment analysis for the contaminants. Finally, the health risk assessment study has also been performed. The results showed elevated levels [compared to BIS acceptable limits] of bicarbonate and total hardness in more than 90% groundwater samples, while the concentration of Se and U exceeded in around 25% samples. Spatial distribution maps showed a non-homologous distribution pattern for most of the heavy metals except Zn, indicating their different origins. The significant existence of Se and U in groundwater and low content in soils indicated their geogenic origin. The Gibbs diagram suggested that rock-water interaction is the primary process controlling the chemical evolution of the groundwater in the region. The PCA indicated that Cu, Mn, Pb, NO3- and SO42- in groundwater have an anthropogenic origin, whereas Fe, As and U are mainly of geogenic origin. Significant positive correlations of heavy metals with Fe and Al in soils indicated scavenging of these elements by Fe/Al-oxyhydroxides minerals. Based on SAR, Na%, PI and corrosivity ratio analysis, it can be concluded that groundwater of the region is suitable for irrigation purposes Further, health risk assessment study indicated Cr and As are the possible cancer risk posing elements from both soil and groundwater. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that cumulative exposure (hazard index-1.98) of U (HQ 1.21), NO3- (HQ 0.37) and F- (HQ 0.34) might pose harmful impacts to residents through groundwater ingestion in the long term. Although currently the contaminants in the groundwater-soil system may not pose any human health risks, continuous long-term monitoring is required to keep a check on the changes in their quality with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravishankar Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India
| | - Sunil Mittal
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India.
| | - Sunayana Peechat
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India
- Instituto Tecnologico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Nazare, Belém, Pará, 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahoo
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Hamidpour M, Nemati H, Abbaszadeh Dahaji P, Roosta HR. Effects of plant growth-promoting bacteria on EDTA-assisted phytostabilization of heavy metals in a contaminated calcareous soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2535-2545. [PMID: 31583504 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the combined effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the phytostabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn by corn and chemical fractionation of these elements in soil. Three heavy metal-resistant bacteria (P18, P15, and P19) were selected. All strains, belonging to the fluorescent pseudomonads, exhibited plant growth-promoting properties, including phosphorus solubilization and production of siderophore, indole acetic acid, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. Applying EDTA individually or in combination with bacterial strains (P18 and P15) significantly increased shoot biomass. The highest dry shoot biomass was recorded in the combined treatment of EDTA and P15-inoculated pots. Application of EDTA in PGPR-inoculated pots increased concentrations of heavy metals in corn shoots and roots compared to the control. The highest concentration of Zn in corn root and shoot was observed in P15 + EDTA treatment, which were 2.0-fold and 1.3-fold higher than those in the untreated soil. Results of chemical speciation showed that the co-application of EDTA and fluorescent pseudomonads strains increased the bioavailability of Zn, Pb, and Cd by their redistribution from less soluble fractions to water-soluble forms. It was concluded that bacterial inoculation could improve the efficiency of EDTA in phytostabilization of heavy metals from multi-metal contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hamidpour
- Department of Soil Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Hamideh Nemati
- Department of Soil Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Roosta
- Department of Horticulture Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Mohammadi AA, Zarei A, Esmaeilzadeh M, Taghavi M, Yousefi M, Yousefi Z, Sedighi F, Javan S. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Health Risks Assessment in Soils Around an Industrial Zone in Neyshabur, Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:343-352. [PMID: 31317472 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution of soils in industrial zones continues to attract attention because of its potential human health risks. The present research is an attempt to assess the pollution status of heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb using various indices like contamination factor (CF), pollution index (IPOLL), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo). In total, 60 surface soil samples were collected from four area (north, south, east, and west) in Khayyam industrial zone from depths of 10-20 cm. The results indicated that average metal concentration ranges (in mg/kg) observed in study soils were 8.84, 1.9, 37.66, 15.77, and 57.33 for As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals As, Cr, Ni, and Pb with the exception of Cd in soils of southern areas of the industrial zone were higher. Cd concentration vary negligibly in sampling sites of north, south, east, and west. Based on the CF, IPOLL, and Igeo indices, the pollution of soil in regard to concentration of heavy metals was in the following order: Cd > As > Pb > Ni > Zn. Industrial activities have therefore resulted in elevated concentrations of so in the soil environments in the Khayyam industrial zone. Based on the results of human health risk assessments, the soil metals pose negligible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to the adults and children living in this area. The need for the monitoring of the soil around the industrial zone, especially for Cd and As, is needed to reduce potential environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zarei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Marjan Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Taghavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi
- Students Research Committee, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sedighi
- Students Research Committee, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Safoura Javan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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25
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Askari MS, Alamdari P, Chahardoli S, Afshari A. Quantification of heavy metal pollution for environmental assessment of soil condition. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:162. [PMID: 32020303 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify heavy metal pollution for environmental assessment of soil quality using a flexible approach based on multivariate analysis. The study was conducted using 241 soil samples collected from agricultural, urban and rangeland areas in northwestern Iran. The heavy metals causing soil pollution (SP) in the study area were determined. The efficiency of principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminate analysis (DA) were compared to identify the critical heavy metals causing SP. Fourteen soil pollution indices were developed using non-linear and linear scoring equations and different integration methods. The indices were validated using the integrated pollution and potential ecological risk indices and by comparing their ability to detect soil pollution risk levels. Chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were identified as the significant pollutant elements using PCA, and the main pollutant elements identified using DA comprised cadmium (Cd), Zn and Pb. DA yielded a better data set for indexing SP and indicated high pollution risks for Cd > Pb > Zn. Sources of heavy metals were reliably identified using PCA, variation assessment and interrelationship evaluation of soil variables. Cr, nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) were found to have geogenic sources, and anthropogenic sources controlled the accumulation of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in soil. Linear function and additive integration were the best scoring and integrating methods for indexing HMP. The multivariate analysis provided a reliable and rapid method for indexing and mapping soil HMP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Alamdari
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Sima Chahardoli
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Afshari
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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