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He S, Li P, Liu L, Li ZH. NMR technique revealed the metabolic interference mechanism of the combined exposure to cadmium and tributyltin in grass carp larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17828-17838. [PMID: 36201083 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Widespread human activity has resulted in the presence of different pollutants in the aquatic environment that does not exist in isolation. The study of the effects of contamination of aquatic organisms is of great significance. To assess the individual and combined toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and tributyltin (TBT) to aquatic organisms, juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were exposed to Cd (2.97 mg/L), TBT (7.5 μg/L), and their mixture MIX. The biological response was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of plasma metabolites. Plasma samples at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 48 days post-exposure were analyzed using detection by NMR technique. The typical correlation analysis (CCA) analysis revealed that TBT had the greatest effect on plasma metabolism, followed by MIX and Cd. The interference pathway to grass carp was similar to that of TBT and MIX. Both Cd and TBT exposure alone or in combination can lead to metabolic abnormalities in TCA cycle-related pathways and interfere with energy metabolism. These results provide more detailed information for the metabolic study of pollutants and data for assessing the health risks of Cd, TBT, and MIX at the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen He
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China.
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2
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Li P, Li ZH. Environmental co-exposure to TBT and Cd caused neurotoxicity and thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish, a three-generation study in a simulated environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113868. [PMID: 31887590 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the coexistence of heavy metals and environmental hormones always occur in aquatic environment, the information of the combined impacts remains unclear. To explore the multi-generational toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and tributyltin (TBT), adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) (F0) were exposed to different treated groups (100 ng/l Cd, 100 ng/l TBT and their mixture) for 90 d, with their offspring (F1 and F2) subsequently reared in the same exposure solutions corresponding to their parents. Both developmental neurotoxicity and thyroid disturbances were examined in the three (F0, F1, and F2) generations. Our results showed that co-exposure to Cd and TBT induced the developmental neurotoxicity in F1 and F2 generations, reflected by the significant lower levels of neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin) and the inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. And the thyroid endocrine disruption were observed in the two-generations larval offspring by parental exposure to Cd and/or TBT, including the significantly decreasing levels of thyroid hormones and the down-regulated the expression of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, compared to the control. Additional, the embryonic toxicity and growth inhibition were also determined in the fish larvae. Overall, this study examined the impacts of parental co-exposure to Cd and TBT, with regard to developmental inhibition, nervous system damage and endocrine disruption, which highlighted that co-exposure influences are complicated and need to be considered for accurate environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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Combes R, Balls M, Illing P, Bhogal N, Dale J, Duvé G, Feron V, Grindon C, Gülden M, Loizou G, Priston R, Westmoreland C. Possibilities for a New Approach to Chemicals Risk Assessment — The Report of a FRAME Workshop. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 34:621-49. [PMID: 17266394 DOI: 10.1177/026119290603400606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Combes
- FRAME, Russell & Burch House, 96-98 North Sherwood Street, Nottingham, NG1 4EE, UK.
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Prieto P, Baird AW, Blaauboer BJ, Castell Ripoll JV, Corvi R, Dekant W, Dietl P, Gennari A, Gribaldo L, Griffin JL, Hartung T, Heindel JJ, Hoet P, Jennings P, Marocchio L, Noraberg J, Pazos P, Westmoreland C, Wolf A, Wright J, Pfaller W. The Assessment of Repeated Dose ToxicityIn Vitro: A Proposed Approach. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 34:315-41. [PMID: 16831063 DOI: 10.1177/026119290603400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Prieto
- ECVAM, Institute for Health & Consumer Protection, European Joint Research Centre, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy
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Srivastava G, Singh K, Tiwari MN, Singh MP. Proteomics in Parkinson’s disease: current trends, translational snags and future possibilities. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:127-39. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pelkonen O, Pasanen M, Lindon JC, Chan K, Zhao L, Deal G, Xu Q, Fan TP. Omics and its potential impact on R&D and regulation of complex herbal products. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:587-593. [PMID: 22313626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), multicomponent and principally plant-derived drugs are used for disease prevention, symptom amelioration and treatment in a personalized manner. Because of their complex composition and consequent multiple targets and treatment objectives, the application of omics techniques and other integrative approaches seems inherently appropriate and even necessary for the demonstration of their potential preclinical and clinical safety and efficacy. This perspectives article provides proposals for the application of omics methods to the investigation of complex herbal products (CHP),(1) including Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), both in vitro and in vivo, for preclinical and clinical toxicity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy tests. Ultimately, such approaches could aid regulatory scrutiny and potential acceptance, although currently there is no regulatory requirement of omics-based data in any submitted dossier to any regulatory agency, including for conventional drugs and CHP. However, it has been acknowledged that such studies are being increasingly performed, and almost surely will eventually be included into regulatory submission dossiers, possibly initially as supplementary materials. Specifically for CHM and CHP, omics can play a role both in determining product composition and its variability and in monitoring biological effects in carefully selected platforms. Predicting the future is difficult, but it seems possible that regulatory acceptance of omics techniques and a systems biology approach for the study of TCM, CHM and CHP will not be long delayed. It is expected that current studies and plans employing omics techniques and other integrative approaches will prove to be positive and informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Pelkonen
- University of Oulu, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Embryonic stem cells in safety pharmacology and toxicology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 745:14-25. [PMID: 22437810 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells undergo self-renewal and are pluripotent, i.e., they can give rise to all the types of specialised cells in the body. Scientific knowledge on ES cells is increasing rapidly, leading to opportunities for establishment of ES cell-based in vitro tests for drug discovery, preclinical safety pharmacology and toxicology. The main properties of ES cells making them useful in in vitro assays are that they have a normal diploid karyotype and can provide a large number of cells for high-throughput assays. Human ES cells additionally have the potential to provide solutions to problems related to interspecies differences and methods for screening for human polymorphisms, thus supporting robust human hazard identification and optimised drug discovery strategies. Importantly, ES cell based assays could be potential tools to reduce and perhaps replace, animal experiments. This chapter will describe ongoing research in the use of ES cells in toxicology and safety pharmacology, focusing on the major areas of progress, namely, embryotoxicology, cardiotoxicology and hepatoxicology.
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Wang T, Wu Y, Jiang C, Liu Y. Solid state fermented potato pulp can be used as poultry feed. Br Poult Sci 2010; 51:229-34. [DOI: 10.1080/00071661003781864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Singh S, Singhal NK, Srivastava G, Singh MP. Omics in mechanistic and predictive toxicology. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:355-62. [DOI: 10.3109/15376510903559976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Baumstark-Khan C, Hellweg CE, Reitz G. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity reporter systems based on the use of mammalian cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 118:113-51. [PMID: 20140660 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With the dramatic increase in the number of new agents arising from the chemical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries, there is an urgent need to develop assays for rapid evaluation of potential risks to man and environment. The panel of conventional tests used for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and the strategies to progress from small scale assays to high content screening in toxicology are discussed. The properties of components necessary as sensors and reporters for new reporter assays, and the application of genetic strategies to design assays are reviewed. The concept of cellular reporters is based on the use of promoters of chemical stress-regulated genes ligated to a suitable luminescent or fluorescent reporter gene. Current reporter assays designed from constructs transferred into suitable cell lines are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Baumstark-Khan
- Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Linder Hoehe, 51147, Cologne, Germany,
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An FDA perspective on the nonclinical use of the X-Omics technologies and the safety of new drugs. Toxicol Lett 2009; 186:32-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Merrick BA, Witzmann FA. The role of toxicoproteomics in assessing organ specific toxicity. EXS 2009; 99:367-400. [PMID: 19157068 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8336-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims of this chapter on the role of toxicoproteomics in assessing organ-specific toxicity are to define the field of toxicoproteomics, describe its development among global technologies, and show potential uses in experimental toxicological research, preclinical testing and mechanistic biological research. Disciplines within proteomics deployed in preclinical research are described as Tier I analysis, involving global protein mapping and protein profiling for differential expression, and Tier II proteomic analysis, including global methods for description of function, structure, interactions and post-translational modification of proteins. Proteomic platforms used in toxicoproteomics research are briefly reviewed. Preclinical toxicoproteomic studies with model liver and kidney toxicants are critically assessed for their contributions toward understanding pathophysiology and in biomarker discovery. Toxicoproteomics research conducted in other organs and tissues are briefly discussed as well. The final section suggests several key developments involving new approaches and research focus areas for the field of toxicoproteomics as a new tool for toxicological pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alex Merrick
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
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Guengerich FP, MacDonald JS. Applying Mechanisms of Chemical Toxicity to Predict Drug Safety. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:344-69. [PMID: 17302443 DOI: 10.1021/tx600260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Toxicology can no longer be used only as a science that reacts to problems but must be more proactive in predicting potential human safety issues with new drug candidates. Success in this area must be based on an understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. This review summarizes and extends some of the concepts of an American Chemical Society ProSpectives meeting on the title subject held in June 2006. One important area is the discernment of the exact nature of the most common problems in drug toxicity. Knowledge of chemical structure alerts and relevant biological pathways are important. Biological activation to reactive products and off-target pharmacology are considered to be major contexts of drug toxicity, although defining exactly what the contributions are is not trivial. Some newer approaches to screening for both have been developed. A goal in predictive toxicology is the use of in vitro methods and database development to make predictions concerning potential modes of toxicity and to stratify drug candidates for further development. Such predictions are desirable for several economic and other reasons but are certainly not routine yet. However, progress has been made using several approaches. Some examples of the application of studies of wide-scale biological responses are now available, with incorporation into development paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA.
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Holmes E, Cloarec O, Nicholson JK. Probing latent biomarker signatures and in vivo pathway activity in experimental disease states via statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY) of biofluids: application to HgCl2 toxicity. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1313-20. [PMID: 16739983 DOI: 10.1021/pr050399w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new multivariate statistical approach, based on the novel combination of projection on latent structure analysis with an inbuilt orthogonal filter (OPLS-DA) coupled with a spectroscopic correlation method statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY), was used to characterize the in vivo metabolic pathway perturbations of a model renal cortical toxin HgCl2, in the rat, using urine as an indicator of metabolic homeostasis disruption. This method provided an unbiased, sensitive approach to biomarker extraction and identification, and showed potential for generating potential novel pathway connectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Holmes
- Biological Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Cox LAT, Sanders E. Estimating preventable fractions of disease caused by a specified biological mechanism: PAHs in smoking lung cancers as an example. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2006; 26:881-92. [PMID: 16948683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology textbooks often interpret population attributable fractions based on 2 x 2 tables or logistic regression models of exposure-response associations as preventable fractions, i.e., as fractions of illnesses in a population that would be prevented if exposure were removed. In general, this causal interpretation is not correct, since statistical association need not indicate causation; moreover, it does not identify how much risk would be prevented by removing specific constituents of complex exposures. This article introduces and illustrates an approach to calculating useful bounds on preventable fractions, having valid causal interpretations, from the types of partial but useful molecular epidemiological and biological information often available in practice. The method applies probabilistic risk assessment concepts from systems reliability analysis, together with bounding constraints for the relationship between event probabilities and causation (such as that the probability that exposure X causes response Y cannot exceed the probability that exposure X precedes response Y, or the probability that both X and Y occur) to bound the contribution to causation from specific causal pathways. We illustrate the approach by estimating an upper bound on the contribution to lung cancer risk made by a specific, much-discussed causal pathway that links smoking to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (specifically, benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-DNA) adducts at hot spot codons at p53 in lung cells. The result is a surprisingly small preventable fraction (of perhaps 7% or less) for this pathway, suggesting that it will be important to consider other mechanisms and non-PAH constituents of tobacco smoke in designing less risky tobacco-based products.
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