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Ieviņa S, Karlsons A, Osvalde A, Andersone-Ozola U, Ievinsh G. Coastal Wetland Species Rumex hydrolapathum: Tolerance against Flooding, Salinity, and Heavy Metals for Its Potential Use in Phytoremediation and Environmental Restoration Technologies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1604. [PMID: 37511979 PMCID: PMC10381717 DOI: 10.3390/life13071604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants with high biomass adapted to conditions of increased moisture and with significant salt tolerance appear to be particularly attractive candidates for phytoremediation studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the tolerance of Rumex hydrolapathum plants to freshwater, saltwater inundation, and soil contaminated with heavy metals, as well as its metal accumulation potential in controlled conditions. Six separate vegetation container experiments in controlled conditions were performed with R. hydrolapathum plants to study the effects of soil moisture, waterlogging with NaCl, soil Cd, soil Cr, soil Ni, and soil Pb in the form of a nitrate or acetate. Optimum plant growth occurred in waterlogged soil conditions. As the concentration of NaCl used for waterlogging increased, the mass of living leaves decreased, but that of dry leaves increased. As a result, the total biomass of leaves did not significantly change. R. hydrolapathum plants were extremely tolerant to Cd and Pb, moderately tolerant to Ni, and relatively sensitive to Cr. The plants had high capacity for metal accumulation in older and senescent leaves, especially for Na+, K+, Cd, and Ni. R. hydrolapathum plants can tolerate soil waterlogging with seawater-level salinity, which, together with the metal tolerance and potential for metal accumulation in leaves, make them excellently suited for use in a variety of wastewater treatment systems, including constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Ieviņa
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andis Karlsons
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Ojāra Vācieša Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anita Osvalde
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Ojāra Vācieša Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Una Andersone-Ozola
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Gederts Ievinsh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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Fairbairn DJ, Trojan MD. Iron-enhanced sand filters: Multi-year urban runoff (stormwater) quality performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160177. [PMID: 36395846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Untreated urban runoff (stormwater) is a major pathway for contaminants, e.g., nutrients and metals, to receiving waters. Where eutrophication occurs, dissolved phosphorus (DP) treatment is often necessary to protect receiving waters, yet few practical methods exist. Iron-enhanced sand filters (IESFs) have successfully treated DP in laboratory and limited field studies. Yet, multi-year-IESF studies to understand reportedly variable performance are unavailable. Herein, nine IESFs were sampled from 2015 to 2018 (528 samples; 70 rainfall-runoff events). Analysis focused on influent/effluent concentrations and removal efficiencies alongside design and catchment parameters. Overall, IESFs significantly removed most total and dissolved metal analytes. Generally, phosphorus removal efficiencies correlated positively with influent concentrations and IESF:catchment area ratios, demonstrating the importance of proper sizing and siting. For all paired influent-effluent samples, respective median total phosphorus, orthophosphate, and DP removal efficiencies were 33 %, 41 %, and 13 %, and respective median effluent concentrations were 120, 25, and 75 (μg/L); with two malfunctioning sites omitted, these respective concentrations were 92, 11, and 47, which better matched relevant goals and (indirectly applicable) standards. Nonetheless, phosphorus removal efficiency and effluent concentrations varied significantly across IESFs and events. Seasonality appeared influential, yet variable influent concentrations confounded spatiotemporal removal efficiency comparisons. Thus, compared to removal efficiencies, effluent concentrations may be better indicators of receiving water risk/benefit and of equal importance for water quality crediting. Although 122 influent-effluent pairs were analyzed, a greater sample size would allow multivariate hypothesis tests with additional predictors. Overall, in this multi-site-year study, most IESFs performed at (n = 5) or near (n = 2) phosphorus effluent concentration and less-so, removal efficiency benchmarks. This research provides new quantitative knowledge on long-term IESF performance for real-world conditions and goals. Research recommendations include multivariate dimension reduction studies and comprehensive, effective information transfer to improve IESF understanding and performance and address practitioner needs, e.g., for refined design, operation, and assessment guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Fairbairn
- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Rd., St. Paul, MN 55155, USA.
| | - Michael D Trojan
- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Rd., St. Paul, MN 55155, USA.
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Waara S, Johansson F. Ecological risk assessment of trace elements accumulated in stormwater ponds within industrial areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27026-27041. [PMID: 34932183 PMCID: PMC8989822 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater ponds can provide flood protection and efficiently treat stormwater using sedimentation. As the ponds also host aquatic biota and attract wildlife, there is a growing concern that the sediment bound pollutants negatively affect aquatic organisms and the surrounding ecosystem. In this study, we used three methods to assess the accumulation and the potential ecological risk of 13 different heavy metals and metalloids (e.g. trace elements) including both elements that are frequently monitored and some which are rarely monitored in sediment from 5 stormwater ponds located within catchments with predominately industrial activities. Ecological risk for organisms in the older ponds was observed for both commonly (e.g. Cd, Cu, Zn) and seldom (e.g. Ag, Sb) monitored trace elements. The 3 methods ranked the degree of contamination similarly. We show that methods usually used for sediment quality assessment in aquatic ecosystems can also be used for screening the potential risk of other trace elements in stormwater ponds and may consequently be useful in stormwater monitoring and management. Our study also highlights the importance of establishing background conditions when conducting ecological risk assessment of sediment in stormwater ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Waara
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Frida Johansson
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
- Present Address: SWECO Sverige AB, Halmstad, 302 20 Halmstad, Sweden
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Rodriguez-Dominguez MA, Bonefeld BE, Ambye-Jensen M, Brix H, Arias CA. The use of treatment wetlands plants for protein and cellulose valorization in biorefinery platform. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152376. [PMID: 34915004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Different wetland plants were evaluated regarding their potential to be used in further green biorefining platforms to produce soluble protein and cellulose-textile fibers. The results show a higher protein content in the plants grown in treatment wetland conditions, compared with the same species grown in natural conditions, and diverse effect on the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, depending on the plant species, more than the growing environment. The TW biomass did not represent a risk regarding accumulation of heavy metals, named Pb, Cd, and Cr, since the studied plants did not present it in their tissues, neither in the roots nor in the leaves. The results regarding cellulose quality of the TW plants showed positive results, having values of molar mass distributions and degrees of polymerization that suggest a suitability to be considered for cellulose-fiber textiles studies. This is one of the first approaches, in the TW field, to establish a new criterion for selecting plant species to be planted in the system, aiming at recovering resources and use them as inputs for biorefineries and sustainable biobased products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rodriguez-Dominguez
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, building 1135, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology WATEC Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, buildmarding 1521, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - B E Bonefeld
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering - Process and Materials Engineering, Hangøvej 2, building 5250, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - M Ambye-Jensen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering - Process and Materials Engineering, Hangøvej 2, building 5250, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - H Brix
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, building 1135, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology WATEC Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, buildmarding 1521, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C A Arias
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, building 1135, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology WATEC Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, buildmarding 1521, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Abstract
Cities are producers of high quantities of secondary liquid and solid streams that are still poorly utilized within urban systems. In order to tackle this issue, there has been an ever-growing push for more efficient resource management and waste prevention in urban areas, following the concept of a circular economy. This review paper provides a characterization of urban solid and liquid resource flows (including water, nutrients, metals, potential energy, and organics), which pass through selected nature-based solutions (NBS) and supporting units (SU), expanding on that characterization through the study of existing cases. In particular, this paper presents the currently implemented NBS units for resource recovery, the applicable solid and liquid urban waste streams and the SU dedicated to increasing the quality and minimizing hazards of specific streams at the source level (e.g., concentrated fertilizers, disinfected recovered products). The recovery efficiency of systems, where NBS and SU are combined, operated at a micro- or meso-scale and applied at technology readiness levels higher than 5, is reviewed. The importance of collection and transport infrastructure, treatment and recovery technology, and (urban) agricultural or urban green reuse on the quantity and quality of input and output materials are discussed, also regarding the current main circularity and application challenges.
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Shen S, Li X, Lu X. Recent developments and applications of floating treatment wetlands for treating different source waters: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62061-62084. [PMID: 34586569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most water bodies around the world suffer from pollution to varying degrees. Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a simple and efficient ecological treatment technology and have been widely studied and applied as a sustainable solution for different source waters. Based on the analysis of abundant literature in the last ten years, this paper systematically reviews the history and the latest development of FTWs. Meanwhile, the treatment performance and pollutant removal mechanisms of FTWs on the natural water, stormwater, domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and agricultural runoff are analyzed. In particular, very interesting information is provided, such as water depth, water surface coverage, the ratio of dissolved to total phosphorous (DRP/TP), the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous (N/P), BOD/COD ratio, and its effects on the efficiency and removal mechanisms of FTWs. This information will provide useful references and guidance for optimizing the design of FTW and pollutant treatment efficiency of different source waters. This paper also provides an objective review of the limitations of FTWs. Subsequently, the enhancements of FTW technology which are recognized to be effective, including aeration, adding functional fillers or obligate degrading bacteria, and construction of hybrid FTWs, are summarized and recommendations are made for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Shen
- Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwu Lu
- Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China.
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Short-Rotation Willows as a Wastewater Treatment Plant: Biomass Production and the Fate of Macronutrients and Metals. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evapotranspirative willow systems (EWS) are zero-discharge wastewater treatment plants that produce woody biomass and have no discharge to surface or groundwater bodies. The influence of wastewater on the growth of three clones of Salix alba (‘V 093’, ‘V 051’ and ‘V 160’) and the distribution of macronutrients and metals in a pilot EWS receiving primary treated municipal wastewater was studied under a sub-Mediterranean climate. The influent wastewater, shoot number, stem height, and biomass production at coppicing were monitored in two consecutive two-year rotations. Soil properties and the concentrations of macronutrients and metals in soil and woody biomass were analyzed after the first rotation. S. alba clones in EWS produced significantly more woody biomass compared to controls. ‘V 052’ produced the highest biomass yield in both rotations (38–59 t DM ha−1) and had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus uptake (48% and 45%) from wastewater. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake into the harvestable woody biomass was significantly higher in all clones studied compared to other plant-based wastewater treatment plants, indicating the nutrient recovery potential of EWS. The indigenous white willow clone ‘V 160’ had the lowest biomass yield but absorbed more nutrients from wastewater compared to ‘V 093’. Wastewater composition and load were consistent with the nutrient requirements of the willows; however, an increase in salinity was observed after only two years of operation, which could affect EWS efficiency and nutrient recovery in the long term.
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Sorption and Degradation Potential of Pharmaceuticals in Sediments from a Stormwater Retention Pond. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater retention ponds commonly receive some wastewater through misconnections, sewer leaks, and sewer overloads, all of which leads to unintended loads of organic micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals. This study explores the role of pond sediment in removing pharmaceuticals (naproxen, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, furosemide, and fenofibrate). It quantifies their sorption potential to the sediments and how it depends on pH. Then it addresses the degradability of the pharmaceuticals in microcosms holding sediment beds and pond water. The sediment-water partitioning coefficient of fenofibrate varied little with pH and was the highest (average log Kd: 4.42 L kg−1). Sulfamethoxazole had the lowest (average log Kd: 0.80 L kg−1), varying unsystematically with pH. The coefficients of naproxen, furosemide and carbamazepine were in between. The degradation by the sediments was most pronounced for sulfamethoxazole, followed by naproxen, fenofibrate, furosemide, and carbamazepine. The first three were all removed from the water phase with half-life of 2–8 days. Over the 38 days the experiment lasted, they were all degraded to near completion. The latter two were more resistant, with half-lives between 1 and 2 months. Overall, the study indicated that stormwater retention ponds have the potential to remove some but not all pharmaceuticals contained in wastewater contributions.
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Trenouth WR, Gharabaghi B, Farghaly H. Enhanced roadside drainage system for environmentally sensitive areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:613-622. [PMID: 28822929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff from roadways that encroach upon environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) is one of the leading causes of degradation in urbanizing watersheds around the world. This is due to toxicity of the pollutant cocktail commonly found in roadway runoff, including heavy metals and sediments, as well as road salts from winter maintenance operations. This paper presents a novel design of an enhanced roadside drainage system (ERDS); an improved roadside drainage system that is intended to protect groundwater recharge zones and sensitive aquatic species in ESAs. The methods highlighted in this paper can be used to select soil amendments and size filter media for ERDS based on a combination of anticipated roadway pollutants and loads, treatment media efficacy and capacity, and consideration of applicable regulatory guidelines. The design of the ERDS must ensure compliance with the regulatory guidelines related to the protection of groundwater recharge zones as well as the receiving streams to protect priority species living therein. The performance monitoring results from a pilot-scale ERDS are presented to provide guidance for the key novel aspects of the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Trenouth
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Bahram Gharabaghi
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Hani Farghaly
- Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 301 St. Paul Street, St. Catharines, Ontario L2R 7R4, Canada.
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Wang W, Han Y, Liu H, Zhang K, Yue Q, Bo L, Wang X. Pollutant removal performance of an integrated upflow-constructed wetland filled with haydites made of Al-based drinking water treatment residuals. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1111-1119. [PMID: 27541991 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1220428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the pollutants removal performance of an integrated upflow-constructed wetland (IUCW) system in a 1.5 years' continuous operation. The average concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the effluent were 21.9, 1.47, 2.63, and 0.18 mg/L, respectively, which corresponded to 90.1%, 23.3%, 86.1%, and 97.2% removals from the raw water, respectively. The residual concentration of COD was 219 mg/L at start-up and decreased notably to 52.8 mg/L after 50 days of operation. NH4-N was difficult to remove because the average concentration of dissolved oxygen in the IUCW system was lower than 0.6 mg/L. In contrast, the residual concentrations of both TN and TP in the effluent were stable, with average removal rates as high as 89% and 99%, respectively, at start-up of the system. Changing the organic loading rates from 45.0 g/(m2·day) to 20.0 or 60.0 g/(m2·day) both inhibited the removal of TN. Further study showed that the removal of organic matter mainly occurred within 10-20 cm of the wetland cell. Considering its strong organic, nitrogen, and phosphate removal capacity, the IUCW system was determined to be effective in decentralized wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Wang
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yue
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Longli Bo
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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Phelps HL. Active biomonitoring with Corbicula for USEPA priority pollutant and metal sources in the Anacostia River (DC, Maryland, USA). INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2016; 12:548-558. [PMID: 26425991 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater Anacostia River watershed (Maryland, DC, USA) was surveyed for the sources of bioavailable US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Priority Pollutants and toxic metals by active biomontoring (ABM) using the freshwater Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea. The Anacostia River is a 456 km(2) tributary of the tidal freshwater Potomac River that includes the city of Washington, DC where edible fish are highly contaminated with PCBs and chlordane. From 1999 to 2011, Corbicula were collected for ABM from a Potomac reference site and translocated in cages placed at 45 sites in the tidal and nontidal Anacostia watershed. Minimum clam mortality and maximum contaminant bioaccumulation was with 2-week translocation. The clam tissues (28-50) were combined at sites and analyzed by TestAmerica for 66 USEPA Priority Pollutants plus technical chlordane, benz(e) pyrene, and 6 metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb). Tissue contaminants reflected water, not sediment, levels. To compare sites, all contaminant data above detection or reference were grouped as total metals (TMET), total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH), total PCB congeners (TPCB), total pesticides (TPEST), and total technical chlordane (TCHL). Tidal Anacostia ABM found highest TPAH and TCHL upstream at Bladensburg Marina (MD) except for TCHL at site PP near the confluence. Five nontidal MD subtributaries (94% of flow) had 17 sites with bioavailable TPAH, TPCB, or TCHL 2 to 3 times higher than found at the toxic-sediment "hotspots" near Washington. The only TMET noted was Fe at 1 site. TPAH in MD subtributaries was highest near industrial parks and Metro stations. A naphthalene spill was detected in Watts Branch. TPCB (low molecular weight) originated upstream at 1 industrial park. Total technical chlordane (80% of TPEST) was 2 to 5 times the US Food and Drug Administration action in 4 nontidal tributaries where heptachlor indicated legacy chlordane dumpsites. Total technical chlordane fell to reference below a stormwater pond, suggesting transport via suspended sediment. Controlling the formation and movement of contaminated TSS in MD should enable the uncontaminated-sediment capping of Washington DC's toxic-sediment "hot-spots" that are presently considered responsible for fish contamination. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:548-558. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriette L Phelps
- University of the District of Columbia, Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Washington, DC, USA
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Zhu W, Leng X, Li H, Zhang R, Ye R, Qian X. Application of the QUAL2K model to design an ecological purification scheme for treated effluent of a wastewater treatment plant. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:2194-2200. [PMID: 26676007 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Treated effluent from wastewater treatment plants has become an important source of excess nutrients causing eutrophication in water. In this study, an ecological purification method was used to further treat eutrophic water. A three-season ecological purification scheme which comprised an emergent plant (Eme.), a submerged plant (Sub.) and a novel biological rope (Bio.), was designed for the treated effluent canal of a wastewater treatment plant. The removal parameters determined from the experiment were input into a QUAL2K model to simulate downstream water quality of the treated effluent canal. Respective removal rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the Eme., Sub. and Bio. were 32.48-37.33% and 31.63-39.86% in summer, 14.12-33.61% and 17.74-23.80% in autumn, and 14.13-18.03% and 10.05-12.75% in winter, with 1-day reaction time. Optimal combinations for summer, autumn/spring, and winter are Eme. + Bio., Eme. + Bio. + Sub., and Sub. + Bio., respectively. Simulated load reduction rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus for the treated effluent canal were 42.64-78.40% and 30.98-78.29%, respectively, year round with 2.5-day reaction time. This study provides an efficient evaluation and design method for ecological purification engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road No. 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China E-mail:
| | - Xiangzi Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road No. 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China E-mail:
| | - Huiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road No. 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China E-mail:
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road No. 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China E-mail:
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road No. 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China E-mail:
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road No. 163, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China E-mail:
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Wu S, Kuschk P, Brix H, Vymazal J, Dong R. Development of constructed wetlands in performance intensifications for wastewater treatment: a nitrogen and organic matter targeted review. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 57:40-55. [PMID: 24704903 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge on the performance enhancement of nitrogen and organic matter in the expanded constructed wetlands (CWs) with various new designs, configurations, and technology combinations are still not sufficiently summarized. A comprehensive review is accordingly necessary for better understanding of this state-of-the-art-technology for optimum design and new ideas. Considering that the prevailing redox conditions in CWs have a strong effect on removal mechanisms and highly depend on wetland designs and operations, this paper reviews different operation strategies (recirculation, aeration, tidal operation, flow direction reciprocation, and earthworm integration), innovative designs, and configurations (circular-flow corridor wetlands, towery hybrid CWs, baffled subsurface CWs) for the intensifications of the performance. Some new combinations of CWs with technologies in other field for wastewater treatment, such as microbial fuel cell, are also discussed. To improve biofilm development, the selection and utilization of some specific substrates are summarized. Finally, we review the advances in electron donor supply to enhance low C/N wastewater treatment and in thermal insulation against low temperature to maintain CWs running in the cold areas. This paper aims to provide and inspire some new ideas in the development of intensified CWs mainly for the removal of nitrogen and organic matter. The stability and sustainability of these technologies should be further qualified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Donglu 17, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Peter Kuschk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, 8000 Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kymýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Donglu 17, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, PR China
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