Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the 15-item Dispositional Resilience Scale

Psychosocial correlates of flourishing in the late lifespan

BACKGROUND

Flourishing is a primary dimension of psychological well-being that contributes massively to the development of an active, purposeful, and respectful life, full of meaning, values, and personal interests that nurture social ties.

AIMS

This study primarily intended to examine the contribution of satisfaction with family relations, resilience, metacognitive efficiency, and crystallized intelligence in predicting a flourishing measure in cognitively healthy older adults. Moreover, the impact of gender was investigated on flourishing, satisfaction with family ties, resilience, and metacognitive efficiency.

METHODS

One hundred and eighty 65-94-year-old community dwellers were recruited in Sardinia (Italy). Participants self-rated their flourishing, satisfaction with their family connections, psychological hardness (i.e., a dimension of resilience), and cognitive function, whereas global cognitive efficiency and vocabulary were assessed through two internationally validated objective tests.

RESULTS

A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 30% of the variance in the flourishing condition was explained by satisfaction with family ties, resilience, and metacognitive efficiency. In addition, males exhibited higher flourishing and satisfaction with family ties than females, and the former group also reported being more autonomous and acting proactively to influence its destiny.

CONCLUSION

Emotional support and rewarding relations with family members, the ability to face stressful events, and a good perception of one's cognitive efficiency play a crucial role in promoting flourishing in late adulthood.

Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of Hardiness Scales: A Systematic Review

Background

Hardiness is one of the personality traits that can help individuals in stressful situations. Since human beings are constantly under stressful situations and the stresses inflicted on people in each situation are different, various scales have been developed for assessing this feature among different people in different situations. Hence, it becomes necessary for researchers and health workers to assess this concept with valid and reliable scales. This systematic review aims to rigorously assess the methodological quality and psychometric properties of hardiness scales.

Method

In the first step, the databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of science, and Persian databases were searched using suitable keywords without limitation time. We select eligible suitable studies after screening titles and abstracts. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist and the Terwee quality criteria.

Result

Of the 747 articles identified, 33 articles were entered in this study. Based on the COSMIN checklist, the most reported properties were as following structural validity (84%), hypothesis testing (56%), content validity (42%), and internal consistency (39%). Furthermore, 12 studies reported cross-cultural validity, three studies criterion validity, and one study reported measurement error.

Conclusion

The "family caregivers' hardiness scale," "Japanese Athletic Hardiness Scale," "Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire," and "Children's Hardiness Scale" are the best tools for assessing hardiness in family caregivers, athletes, employees, and children respectively. In addition, the "Dispositional Resilience Scale" (DRS-15) and The Personal Views Survey (PVS III-R) are the most frequently used scales with suitable features for measuring hardiness in the general population.

Emotional intelligence, burnout, and professional fulfillment in clinical year medical students

BACKGROUND

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been associated with decreased burnout in surgical residents but has not been extensively studied in medical students. We hypothesized that higher EI would lead to decreased levels of burnout among medical students at a US medical school.

METHODS

The authors administered three separate EI measures and compiled an EI score by adding the normalized score on each test. These measures were the DRS-15, the Grit Scale, and the Reading the Mind Between the Eyes Quiz. The Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI) was used to determine levels of burnout experienced two weeks before survey completion.

RESULTS

The population included 68 medical students. PFI and EI scores were positively correlated (R = 0.55, p < .001). The separate EI measures indicated that both Grit (R = 0.43, p < .001) and DRS-15 (R = 0.56, p < .001) were correlated with PFI. The Eyes Quiz did not show a significant correlation with PFI (p = .2).

CONCLUSIONS

The results confirmed our hypothesis that EI would be correlated with decreased levels of burnout among this group of students. Some areas of potential future study include whether these same results hold true at other medical schools and if improving EI has a benefit of decreasing burnout.

Effects of Dispositional Resilience and Self-Efficacy on Practice in Advanced Care Planning of Terminally Ill Patients among Taiwanese Nurses: A Study Using Path Modeling

This study aimed to expand on previous research elucidating the effects of dispositional resilience and self-efficacy on practice in advanced care planning (ACP) of terminally ill patients among Taiwanese nurses using path modeling. This cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster sampling. Data were collected using demographics, nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of ACP (KAP-ACP) inventory, Dispositional Resilience Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. A total of 266 nurses from a tertiary medical center in northern Taiwan participated in this study in 2019. The results showed that gender and ward were significant K-ACP predictors among nurses. The ACP knowledge, ward, and experience of caring for terminally ill friends or relatives were significant A-ACP predictors, whereas ACP attitudes, dispositional resilience, self-efficacy, ward, and the frequency of caring for terminally ill patients were the key predictors of P-ACP. The path modeling showed that dispositional resilience; self-efficacy; medical, surgical, hematology and oncology wards; previous experience in caring for terminally ill friends or relatives; participating in the do-not-resuscitate signature; and the frequency of caring for terminally ill patients directly influenced ACP practices. We recommend that nurses enhance their dispositional resilience and self-efficacy, which may encourage them to appreciate the value of ACP practice of terminally ill patients and improve the quality of care.

Factors influencing well-being in clinical nurses: A path analysis using a multi-mediation model

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To test a hypothetical path model estimating the influence of resilience and gratitude disposition on well-being in Korean clinical nurses and to verify the mediating effects of burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction using a multi-mediation model.

BACKGROUND

To improve the well-being of nurses, it is necessary to consider their personal and work-related characteristics comprehensively.

DESIGN

A descriptive cross-sectional design was used.

METHODS

A total of 310 clinical nurses participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A path analysis using a multi-mediation model was performed using AMOS 23.0 to test the hypothetical path model. This study adhered to the STROBE guideline.

RESULTS

The model's fit indices were adequate. Resilience and gratitude disposition both had significant direct effects on well-being. Resilience and gratitude disposition had significant indirect effects on well-being through the effect of burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction. Resilience, gratitude disposition, burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction explained 68.3% of the total variance of well-being.

CONCLUSIONS

Intervention programmes considering these factors may be useful to improve nurses' well-being.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Nurses' well-being should be assessed along with resilience, gratitude disposition, burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction. To improve the well-being of clinical nurses, systematic and integrated intervention programmes need to be developed and applied, with consideration for a variety of factors related to well-being.