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Şanlı ME, Yıldız A, Ekingen E, Yıldırım M. Comparison of stress, anxiety and depression levels of health, education and security sector employees: The effect of psychological resilience. Stress Health 2024:e3425. [PMID: 38779880 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study compared the stress, anxiety and depression levels in employees working in the health, education and security sectors. The study also investigated the effect of psychological resilience on stress, anxiety, and depression levels and whether the stress, anxiety, depression and psychological resilience levels of employees differ according to occupational and demographic variables. In this cross-sectional study, 1222 employees participated, comprising 50.8% from the health sector, 37.7% from education, and 11.5% from security. Data were collected using the Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Scale-21 and the Brief Resilience Scale. The study revealed varying rates of severe stress (49.1%), anxiety (74.0%), and depression (53.2%) among participants. Health employees experienced higher stress (52.1%), anxiety (77.0%), and depression (58%) rates compared to those in education (46.4%, 72.4%, and 48.4%) and security sectors (44.3%, 66.4%, and 48.5%). Health employees exhibited higher stress, anxiety, and depression levels, signifying a significant difference. Furthermore, the research identified psychological resilience as a crucial predictor of stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, these mental health issues were more prevalent among younger individuals with less work experience, females, private sector employees, singles, and those without children. The findings of the study showed that the level of stress, anxiety and depression was high in employees working in all three sectors (health, education and security), but mental problems were more common in health employees. The fact that psychological resilience is a significant predictor of stress, anxiety and depression levels indicates that this factor should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Şanlı
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational Higher School of Health Services, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yıldız
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Erhan Ekingen
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
- Department of Social and Educational Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Liu C, Li S, Zhou J, Zhang M, Chen H. Relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health of Chinese nurses: The mediating effects of psychological capital and burnout. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2136. [PMID: 38488419 PMCID: PMC10941571 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between fear of COVID-19 and mental health of nurses and the effects of psychological capital and burnout in this relation. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS The online surveys were conducted among mainland Chinese nurses. Participants (n = 445; average age 32.89 ± 6.76 years) completed an online-questionnaire based on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Psychological Capital Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Professionals Scale and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Data analysis was conducted by Pearson's correlation analysis, Harman single-factor test and the bootstrap method for mediating effect testing. RESULTS (1) The study demonstrated a significant direct effect of fear of COVID-19 on nurses' mental health, as well as on mediating factors such as burnout and psychological capital. (2) Regression analyses confirmed that while psychological capital bolstered mental health, burnout undermined it, with fear of COVID-19 further imposing a negative influence. (3) Fear of COVID-19 exerted an effect on the mental health of nurses by the independent and chain intermediary functions of psychological capital and burnout, resulting in a total mediating effect of -0.233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of NursingThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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Jia Z, Zheng F, Wang F, Yang G. Psychometric properties of the wellbeing literacy 6-item scale in Chinese military academy cadets. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1293845. [PMID: 38495419 PMCID: PMC10940468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Positive psychology is a vibrant field of study, and conceptualizations of the components of well-being have received a great deal of attention from researchers. The study of well-being literacy thus provides an innovative perspective for enhancing and sustaining individuals' experiences of well-being. Objective This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the wellbeing literacy 6-item (Well-Lit 6) scale in Chinese military academy cadets. Methods A total of 3,218 undergraduate students from five military academies in China were recruited to complete questionnaires online. Results (1) The items of the scale showed high discrimination; (2) The alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.986 and the split-half reliability was 0.981, indicating high homogeneous reliability and split-half reliability; (3) The scale model fitted well and displayed structural validity; (4) The correlation between well-being literacy and related indicators was significant, and the calibration correlation and convergent-discriminant validity of the scale were high; (5) After gradually adding demographic variables, known predictors factors and well-being literacy, the ∆R2 for subjective well-being, life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety ranged from 0.036 to 0.067, 0.184 to 0.340, and 0.009 to 0.017, respectively, showing high incremental validity; (6) the total well-being literacy scores differed significantly by gender, grade, and parenting style. Conclusion The Chinese version of the Well-Lit 6 is reliable and valid in predicting and accessing the subjective well-being, life satisfaction, emotion regulation, and psychological resilience of Chinese military academy cadets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jia
- Department of Developmental Psychology of Armyman, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Zheng
- Department of Developmental Psychology of Armyman, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Developmental Psychology of Armyman, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Department of Developmental Psychology of Armyman, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chen X, Yang Q, Yıldırım M, Ye B, Wang R. How COVID-19 prevention burnout impacts emotional symptoms among Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:238-251. [PMID: 37522572 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231189419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the relationship between COVID-19 prevention burnout and emotional symptoms (depression and anxiety) among 1,837 Chinese college students and the underlying mechanisms. Results from moderated mediation analysis revealed that the association between COVID-19 prevention burnout and emotional symptoms was mediated by psychological inflexibility (β = 0.20, 95%CI = [0.10, 0.19]). Also, COVID-19 prevention burnout's direct and indirect effects on emotional symptoms were more substantial for students with high susceptibility to emotional contagion than those with low susceptibility. These findings contribute to understanding how COVID-19 prevention burnout relates to emotional symptoms and provide a new perspective for interventions promoting students' psychological flexibility, particularly those with higher susceptibility to emotional contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, China
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Turkey
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China
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Liu F, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Tu Z. The mediation effect analysis of nurse's mental health status and burnout under COVID-19 epidemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1221501. [PMID: 37915821 PMCID: PMC10616456 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1221501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective of this study is to investigate the mental health status of nurses during the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia. Additionally, we aim to analyze the relationship between anxiety, depression, and burnout among nurses. The findings will provide a scientific basis for promoting the psychological health of nurses. Methods Using a cross-sectional study, nurses in Quanzhou in May 2020 completed a general information questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Data analysis was conducted using structural equation model. Results 372 questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 92.5%. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among the participants were 45.2 and 41.4%, respectively. The prevalence of severe burnout among nurses was found to be 7.3%. There was a correlation between nurses' anxiety, depression, and job burnout. The correlation coefficients between anxiety and job burnout, depression and job burnout, and anxiety and depression were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Depression plays a mediating role between anxiety and jod burnout (0.584/1.413, 41.3%). Conclusion The COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in moderate to high levels of job burnout among nurses. In this context, depression has been found to play a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and job burnout. It is imperative for hospital administrators to prioritize the mental health of nurses and the provide necessary support to ensure their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhi Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yangjia Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhuote Tu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China
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Xue B, Feng Y, Zheng J, Li X, Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Hu Z, Luo H. Phenomenological characteristics of autobiographical future thinking in nurses with burnout: a case-control study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1216036. [PMID: 37881220 PMCID: PMC10597650 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1216036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Nurses constitute the largest group of healthcare workers worldwide, and job burnout is very common among them. This study aims to explore abnormal future thinking in nurses with burnout. Additionally, the study investigates whether these manifestations worsen as burnout progresses. Methods The study was conducted in inpatient ward nurses at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China. In the first phase, two group of nurses were recruited: nurses with burnout (N = 70) and nurses without burnout (N = 70). In the second phase, three groups were recruited according to the burnout levels: mild burnout (N = 43), moderate burnout (N = 42) and severe burnout (N = 43). Data on job burnout were obtained using the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Sentence Completion for Events in the Future Test (SCEFT) was employed to measure the content of future thinking, which was evaluated by two raters in terms of the specificity, emotional valence, and concrete content of the imagined future events. The proportions of specific types of events among all the produced events were calculated. Results The results revealed that nurses with burnout, compared to nurses without burnout, imagined fewer specific future events, positive events, and events related to relationships and achievement. They also had more omissions. As the level of burnout increased, their impairment in future thinking worsened. Furthermore, the results also revealed that the scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment had significant correlations with the proportions of positive events and events related to relationships and achievement/mastery in nurses' future thinking content. Conclusion The future thinking ability of nurses with burnout was impaired, and this impairment worsened as the symptoms of burnout progressed. The findings of the present study have important implications for nurse caring and advocate effective interventions targeting positive future thinking to mitigate nurses' burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xue
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Feng
- Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihui Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Yang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujin Wang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Margheritti S, Giorgi I, Magnone S, Miglioretti M, Fiabane E. Physicians' Turnover Intention During the "Post-COVID-19" Era: Risk and Protective Factors. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e631-e635. [PMID: 37442758 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research investigates risk and protective factors affecting physicians' turnover intention during the post-COVID-19 era. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A cross-sectional online survey study of 958 physicians working in Lombardy (Northern Italy) hospitals was conducted. FINDINGS In the post-COVID-19 era, burnout significantly increases physicians' turnover intention. The same is true for fear of being infected by COVID-19 (FIC), which indirectly affects turnover intention via burnout. The higher FIC and burnout, the higher intention to leave the job or working unity. Self-efficacy significantly decreases turnover intention by reducing FIC and burnout. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Implementing turnover preventive programs in healthcare professionals is essential, mainly reducing BO and promoting physicians' personal resources, such as self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Margheritti
- From the Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy (S.M., M.M.); Dipartimento di Sanità pubblica, Medicina Sperimentale e Forense, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (I.G.); ANAAO ASSOMED Lombardia Associazione Medici Dirigenti, Milano, Italy (ST.MA.); and Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Psychology Unit of Pavia Institute, Pavia, Italy (E.F.)
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Chaudhry NI, Rasool SF, Raza M, Mhelska H, Rehman FU. Exploring the linkage between workplace precaution measures, covid-19 fear and job performance: The moderating effect of academic competence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:1-20. [PMID: 37359684 PMCID: PMC10170449 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has created emerging mental health challenges around the world. Like other countries, Pakistan is also confronted with covid-19 calamities. The aim of the study is to examine the impacts of workplace measures (WM) on the job performance (JP) and covid-19 fears (CF) along with the moderating role of academic competence (AC) based on the organizational support theory (OST) and job demand and resources (JDR) theory. A quantitative approach was applied to collect data from 333 banking employees in Gujranwala (Pakistan), and the hypothesis were tested via structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS. The study findings indicate that workplace measures significantly affect covid-19 fears except for individual preventive measures (IPM). Similarly, workplace measures significantly impact on job performance apart from information about the pandemic (IAP). Moreover, academic competence insignificantly moderates between workplace measures and covid-19 fears, but a significant moderation is found between information about pandemic (IAP) and covid-19 fears. Meanwhile, academic competence significantly moderates between workplace measures and job performance instead of a relationship between information about pandemic and job performance. However, this study was limited only to the banking sector of Pakistan. So, it will open the doors for future researchers to investigate other cultural contexts and sectors. This research gives a holistic understanding of workplace measures and contributes to the body of knowledge by enlightening the moderating role of academic competence in the banking sector of Pakistan. These useful insights would enable practitioners and policy makers to develop more efficient strategies and workplace measures to enhance job performance and reduce the fears of covid-19 among employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Iqbal Chaudhry
- Department of Business Administration, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samma Faiz Rasool
- College of Business Administration, Al Yamamah University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Management, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Masooma Raza
- Department of Business Administration, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hana Mhelska
- Department of Management, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman
- Science and Research Centre, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Tang CSK, Siu TSU, Chow TS, Kwok HSH. The Role of Family Resilience and Pandemic Burnout on Mental Health: A Two-Wave Study in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3803. [PMID: 36900809 PMCID: PMC10001644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Family resilience refers to the processes through which a family adapts to and bounces back from adversities. Pandemic burnout refers to feeling emotionally exhausted, cynical, and lack of accomplishment during the pandemic and/or toward various preventive polices and measures. This two-wave, region-wide, longitudinal study included 796 adult participants residing in mainland China. Participants completed online surveys at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. Time 1 (T1) survey was conducted when the number of new infected cases in China stabilized, while Time 2 (T2) was conducted 5 months later when there was a sudden surge of new infected cases. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the interaction and main effects of pandemic burnout and family resilience at T2 showed significant incremental prediction of depression and anxiety at T2, after controlling for demographic as well as individual and family resilience at T1. These results supported the hypotheses that current family resilience functions as a protective factor, whereas pandemic burnout functions as a risk factor of mental health during successive waves of pandemic outbreaks. In particular, family resilience at T2 mitigated the negative impact of high pandemic burnout on anxiety and depression at T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine So-kum Tang
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practice and Research, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tiffany Sok U Siu
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practice and Research, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Sang Chow
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practice and Research, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Helen Sin-Hang Kwok
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practice and Research, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Geçer E, Yıldırım M, Akgül Ö, Sögütlü L, Akif Sezerol M, Tașçı Y. Satisfaction With Life Among Vaccinated Turkish People. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1024/2673-8627/a000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Introduction: Past research has shown that psychological and behavioral factors, including anxiety, fear, and preventive behaviors, are related to well-being outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet little is known about the simultaneous effects of those factors in predicting satisfaction with life among vaccinated people. Methods: This cross-sectional study is among the first to examine whether COVID-19 anxiety, fear of COVID-19, and preventive behaviors predicted satisfaction with life among the vaccinated general public in Turkey. Participants were 1,017 Turkish adults (69.71% female; mean age = 36.28, SD = 10.83 years) who completed online self-reported questionnaires. Results: Results showed that increased levels of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 significantly predicted reduced satisfaction with life over and above the effects of sociodemographic and clinical factors. Discussion: The findings suggest the importance of tailoring and implementing interventions focusing on the improvement of the well-being of people during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekmel Geçer
- Department of Psychology, Marmara University, Kadıköy/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Ağrı Ibrahim Çeçen University, Merkez/Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Ömer Akgül
- Psychology Department, University of Health Sciences, Üsküdar/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Lütfiye Sögütlü
- Psychology Department, University of Health Sciences, Üsküdar/İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yusuf Tașçı
- Üsküdar District Health Directorate, Üsküdar, Turkey
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Li H, Zhao J, Chen R, Liu H, Xu X, Xu J, Jiang X, Pang M, Wang J, Li S, Hou J, Kong F. The relationships of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-wave longitudinal study in Shandong Province, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1078744. [PMID: 37026148 PMCID: PMC10070798 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1078744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies have shown that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to long-term health problems; therefore, more attention should be paid to the mental health of university students. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal effects of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience on the mental health of Chinese college students during COVID-19. Methods We recruited 2,948 university students from five universities in Shandong Province. We used a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model to estimate the impact of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience on mental health. Results In the follow-up survey, the prevalence of anxiety (44.8% at T1 vs 41.2% at T2) and stress (23.0% at T1 vs 19.6% at T2) decreased over time, whereas the prevalence of depression (35.2% at T1 vs 36.9% at T2) increased significantly (P < 0.001). Senior students were more likely to report depression (OR = 1.710, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.815, P = 0.019), and stress (OR = 1.385, P = 0.011). Among all majors, medical students were most likely to report depression (OR = 1.373, P = 0.021), anxiety (OR = 1.310, P = 0.040), and stress (OR = 1.775, P < 0.001). Students who wore a mask outside were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.761, P = 0.027) and anxiety (OR = 0.686, P = 0.002) compared to those who did not wear masks. Students who complied with the standard hand-washing technique were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.628, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.701, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.638, P < 0.001). Students who maintained a distance of one meter in queues were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.668, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.634, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.638, P < 0.001). Psychological resilience was a protective factor against depression (OR = 0.973, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.980, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.976, P < 0.001). Discussion The prevalence of depression among university students increased at follow-up, while the prevalence of anxiety and stress decreased. Senior students and medical students are vulnerable groups. University students should continue to follow relevant preventive behaviors to protect their mental health. Improving psychological resilience may help maintain and promote university students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexian Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Marxism, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xixing Xu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Jiang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingli Pang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shixue Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Hou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxiang Hou
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Fanlei Kong
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Morgado-Toscano C, Allande-Cussó R, Fagundo-Rivera J, Navarro-Abal Y, Climent-Rodríguez JA, Gómez-Salgado J. Adaptation and initial psychometric study of the anxiety and fear of COVID-19 scale in the United Kingdom population. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1071146. [PMID: 36815188 PMCID: PMC9939507 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was the initial psychometric study to validate the anxiety and fear of COVID-19 (AMICO) assessment scale in the general population of the United Kingdom population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional, psychometric validation and descriptive study was conducted, performing univariate and bivariate analyses, as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS The sample was 658 people living in the United Kingdom over 16 years. Of the total, 80.5% were female, with a mean age of 48.25 years (SD = 14.861). A mean score for the AMICO scale of 4.85 (SD = 2.398) was obtained, with a range of scores from 1 to 10. The study of percentiles and quartiles allowed for the identification of three proposed levels of anxiety. CONCLUSION The AMICO_UK scale is reliable to measure the presence of anxiety and fear related to the COVID-19 disease in the United Kingdom population. The majority of the United Kingdom population presented low levels of anxiety and fear at the time the scale was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morgado-Toscano
- Health Sciences Doctorate, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.,Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.,Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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