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Marbaniang SP, Chungkham HS. Latent class of multidimensional dependency in community-dwelling older adults: evidence from the longitudinal ageing study in India. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:203. [PMID: 38418946 PMCID: PMC10900629 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing studies have used ADL and IADL separately as measures of dependency. However, dependency is a heterogeneous and complex issue, and the dependency of each older adult is a synergistic combination of several functional activities. In this study, we assess the pattern of multidimensional dependency of older adults based on ADL, IADL, visual impairment, difficulty in climbing a flight of stairs, pushing or pulling objects, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, marital status, and economic distress. It is important to classify the dependency status of older adults because this will be key to evaluating the needs for care, and plan services that effectively cater for the needs of the older adults. The classification into different latent classes means that older adults within each class have the same needs of dependency but different needs between the latent classes. Our objective is to identify patterns of multidimensional dependency in older adults. METHODS Data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1, was used, the analytical sample consisted of 32,827 individuals of age 45 years and above. LCA was used to identify the multidimensional dependency class. LCA was conducted in R statistical package, using the poLCA package. The optimal number of classes was selected based on the comparison of model fit statistics. Independent variables were incorporated to explore the association between these variables and the latent class. RESULTS Based on nine indicator variables, three latent classes were identified: "Active Older adults", "Moderately independent" and "Psychological and physically impaired". The "Active older adults" profile is comprised of older adults who have a very low probability of needing help for any ADL, IADL and other activities. The "Moderately independent" class were characterized as those older adults who were visually impaired but less likely to need help for IADL activities. The "Psychological and physically impaired", the smallest of all classes, comprised of older adults with poor dependency status. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that the dependency status of older adults which is based on several domains of functional activity has been classified into three distinct classes. These three classes have distinct physical, psychological, economic, and socio-demographic characteristics in terms of activities in which help is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holendro Singh Chungkham
- Division of Psychobiology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Chao SF, Yu MH, Tung YH. Environment profiles, social participation patterns, depressive symptoms and quality of life of disabled older adults: a longitudinal investigation. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:62-72. [PMID: 37646779 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2249834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study used the World Health Organization's healthy ageing framework to explore longitudinal influences of environment profiles and social participation (SP) patterns on depressive symptoms (DSs) and on quality of life (QOL). METHODS Data were collected from a sample of community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan in 2018 (T1; N = 1,314) and a follow-up survey in 2020 (T2; N = 831). Latent class analysis was conducted to obtain environment and SP profiles. Multilevel modeling was carried out to explicate the hypothesized associations. RESULTS Three unique environment profiles, labeled as Highly- (Highly-FE), Moderately- (Moderately-FE) and Weakly-Facilitative Environment (Weakly-FE), were identified from T1 data. The three SP classes that were obtained from T1 and T2 data denoted High-, Moderate- and Low-SP. Participants in the 'Highly-FE' class were more likely to belong to the 'High-SP' and 'Moderate-SP' subgroups and exhibited significantly fewer DSs and better QOL. The associations were confirmed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. CONCLUSION Interventions should be developed to promote or maintain preferred SP to maximize the current and future mental health and subjective well-being of disabled older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiau-Fang Chao
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tung
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Uemura JI, Uno K, Hoshino A, Tanikaga M, Tanaka M, Chishima M. Identification of Subgroups of Activity Participation in Group of Community-Dwelling Older Adults. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2023; 43:676-682. [PMID: 36604780 DOI: 10.1177/15394492221144433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Occupational therapy in public health is advancing for groups of older adults, but few studies have focused on measuring population-based activity engagement. This study aimed to identify subgroups based on the daily activity pattern of community-dwelling older adults. Japanese older adults aged ≥65 years responded to a 128-activity-item questionnaire. Sparse principal component analysis was applied to summarize the activities, and k-means clustering was used to identify subgroups. Respondents were divided into three subgroups (subgroup 1: n = 39, high instrumental/leisure and social/cognitive activity; subgroup 2: n = 51, high instrumental/leisure and low social/cognitive activity; subgroup 3: n = 44, low instrumental/leisure and social/cognitive activity). The three subgroups were associated with sociodemographics (sex, area, education, and activity level) (p < .05). This study highlighted the activity-based subgroups of older adults and provided a novel viewpoint regarding occupation-based community assessments in addition to previous community occupational therapy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Uemura
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Kohei Uno
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics Unit, Integrated Health Science, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Aiko Hoshino
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Miki Tanikaga
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nihon Fukushi University, Handa, Japan
| | - Makoto Chishima
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
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Tang F, Li K, Rauktis ME, Chi I, Dong X. A Social-Ecological Approach to Understanding Activity Engagement Patterns Among Older Chinese Immigrants. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2023; 96:219-233. [PMID: 35291843 PMCID: PMC9896126 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221084648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on activity engagement among older immigrants. We aim to map the patterns of activity engagement and examine the associations with social-ecological factors in a sample of older Chinese immigrants. Participants were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Four patterns of activity engagement were identified through latent class analysis: restricted, diverse, informal social, and community-based social. Intrapersonal, interpersonal, cultural, and environmental factors distinguished latent classes of activity engagement. In particular, acculturation and family-oriented immigration differentiated the restricted from the diverse class membership. Positive attributes of social environment such as social network size, positive social support, and neighborhood cohesion were associated with the likelihood of categorization in the diverse, informal social, and community-based social groups relative to the restricted group. Findings point to the importance of positive attributes of social environment in enhancing engagement with life among older Chinese immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Tang
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ke Li
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary E. Rauktis
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Iris Chi
- Suzanne Dwork-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - XinQi Dong
- Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Tanikaga M, Uemura JI, Hori F, Hamada T, Tanaka M. Changes in Community-Dwelling Elderly's Activity and Participation Affecting Depression during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4228. [PMID: 36901238 PMCID: PMC10002372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We determined the changes in the activity or participation of the community-dwelling elderly in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the activities leading to depression. This will allow us to evaluate rehabilitation interventions that can be used to minimize or eliminate the negative impact of COVID-19 on today's community-dwelling elderly. Herein, demographics, activity or participation (Activity Card Sort-Japan version: ACS-JPN), the number of social networks (Lubben Social Network Scale: LSNS), and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale: GDS) were examined in 74 community-dwelling elderly in Japan from August to October 2020. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine the effect of demographics on GDS, LSNS, and ACS-JPN, to compare the activity retention rates of the four domains using ACS-JPN, and to extract the activities that might affect depression using a generalized linear model. The results show that the retention of leisure activity with a high physical demand (H-leisure) and sociocultural activities was significantly lower than instrumental activities of daily living and leisure activity with a low physical demand (L-leisure). L-leisure and the number of social networks were possible risk factors for depression during the pandemic. This study highlighted the importance of maintaining the number of L-leisure and social networks at home to prevent depression in community-dwelling elderly when they could not perform outdoor activities and direct interpersonal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tanikaga
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Uemura
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20, Daiko-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hori
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hamada
- College of Business Administration and Information Science, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Nihon Fukushi University, 26-2 Higashihaemi-cho, Handa 475-0012, Aichi, Japan
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He W, Li P, Gao Y, You J, Chang J, Qu X, Zhang W. Self-reported visual impairment and depression of middle-aged and older adults: The chain-mediating effects of internet use and social participation. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957586. [PMID: 36466466 PMCID: PMC9714326 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visual impairment (VI) is a strong predictor of depression in middle-aged and older adults. However, the underlying mechanisms and pathways have not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Internet use and social participation mediate the effects of self-reported VI on depression. Methods The study used the fourth wave of cross-sectional data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 19,766 Chinese adults. Depression was assessed according to the CES-D 10 International Scale. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between self-reported VI and depression. While adjusting for relevant covariates, the PROCESS macro (model nos. 6 and 91) was used to assess the chain-mediating effects of Internet use and social participation. Results A total of 17,433 respondents were included in this study. The CES-D 10 results showed that 7,327 middle-aged and older adults had depressive symptoms, of whom 39.5% were male and 10.2% were ≥75 years old. 32.1% of respondents self-reported VI. Regression analysis showed a positive association between VI and depression, while Internet use and social participation had a negative predictive effect on depression. In the mediation analysis, the social participation pathway contributed the most to the total effect, accounting for 52.69% of it. The proportion of Internet use is 37.72%. When these two mediators were considered together in the full model, they accounted for 9.58% of the total effect of VI on depression. Conclusion Internet use and social participation were important mediators that mitigated the effects of VI on depression. Combined with previous evidence, online activities such as e-health and m-health can effectively promote disease monitoring and diagnosis, and various offline social participation activities can also play a role in regulating emotions. Therefore, Internet use and social participation factors may serve as relevant entry points for the development of intervention programs that may further improve the mental health of the visually impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo He
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinyan Gao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiuhong You
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangeng Chang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xing Qu
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Wei Zhang
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Amano T, Park S, Morrow-Howell N, Carpenter B. The Association Between Patterns of Social Engagement and Conversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:7-14. [PMID: 34984994 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between patterns of social engagement and conversion from cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) to dementia. It also tested whether social engagement is associated with conversion independently from physical and cognitive engagements. METHOD Data from 2 waves (2010 and 2014) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used. The sample consisted of 1227 people who had CIND in 2010. To identify the heterogeneity of social engagement, latent class analysis was utilized. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the association between patterns of social engagement and probability of conversion to dementia and death or dropout. RESULTS The result showed that patterns of social engagement that represent higher level and more variety of social engagement were associated with lower probabilities of conversion to dementia in 4 years but not with probabilities of death or dropout. The relationship held after controlling for physical and cognitive engagements. DISCUSSION Findings implied that promoting social engagement may be protective against developing dementia even for the high-risk group of people with CIND. Future studies should investigate the mechanism behind the relationship between patterns of social engagement and lower probabilities of conversion to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Amano
- Department of Social Work, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newar, NJ
| | | | | | - Brian Carpenter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Choi E, Han KM, Chang J, Lee YJ, Choi KW, Han C, Ham BJ. Social participation and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: Emotional social support as a mediator. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:589-596. [PMID: 33168196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have documented the protective effects of social participation on depression in older adults. In this study, we investigated the association between social participation and depressive symptoms and the associated gender difference in older adults. In addition, we explored the mediating role of emotional social support in the association between social participation and depressive symptoms. We collected data from 4751 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above from the Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) conducted in 2017 and 2018. The relationship between social participation (participation in different types of activities, frequency of participation, and the number of activities participated) and the risk for depressive symptoms was examined. Older adults who participated in social activity, volunteer work, and donation had decreased risk of depressive symptoms. More frequent and more diverse participation in activities further reduced the risk. Overall, women benefited more from social participation than men. Importantly, emotional social support significantly mediated the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms. Social participation was associated lower odds for depression in older adults, particularly in older women. Our findings provided one of very few pieces of evidence that documents the mediating role of emotional social support in the relationship between social participation and depression among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Choi
- Department of Psychology, Korea University College of Liberal Arts, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jisoon Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park NS, Jang Y, Rhee MK, Yoon H, Chiriboga DA. Knowledge About Alzheimer's Disease and Awareness of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Services in Older Korean Americans: The Role of Social Capital. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 40:220-227. [PMID: 32167408 PMCID: PMC7486994 DOI: 10.1177/0733464820911533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate factors associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-related knowledge and service awareness in older Korean Americans. Considering the importance of social resources in the lives of older immigrants, the focus was on exploring the role of social capital-related factors (e.g., prior exposure to AD, social network, activity participation, and community social cohesion) on AD knowledge and service awareness. Data were drawn from the Study of Older Korean Americans (SOKA; N = 2,150; Mage = 73.41, SD = 7.97). Findings highlight the critical roles of prior exposure to AD and social network influencing both AD knowledge and service awareness, with activity participation also being associated with the latter. Results suggest that particular attention should be paid to individuals who are culturally and socially isolated when considering interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sook Park
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, USA
| | - Yuri Jang
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Min-Kyoung Rhee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Yoon
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, USA
| | - David A. Chiriboga
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, USA
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Amano T, Morrow-Howell N, Park S. Patterns of Social Engagement Among Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 75:1361-1371. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Promoting engagement in social activities may be an intervention that prevents or delays cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, little is known about social engagement among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aim to examine patterns of social engagement among people with MCI and to assess whether factors under 4 domains of the WHO’s ICF model (personal factors, environmental factors, body functions and structure, and health condition) associate with different patterns of social engagement.
Method
Data were drawn from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study. The final sample comprised 1,227 people with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND). Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were utilized.
Results
Three patterns of social engagement were identified: informal social engagement only, formal and informal social engagement, and low social engagement. Factors in each of the 4 ICF model domains were associated with the probability of class membership.
Discussion
Our findings suggest that social engagement is heterogeneous among people with CIND and that some groups of people with CIND have possibilities of engaging in more social activities, especially in formal social activities. Results also indicate that providing informal social resources may be essential for social programs designed specifically for people with CIND to promote their formal social engagement. Future study is needed to examine possible differences in outcomes across groups with similar patterns of social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sojung Park
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
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Hong SI, Chokkanathan S, Rozario PA. Activity Patterns Associated With Health Status in Later Life Among Singaporeans. J Appl Gerontol 2018; 39:311-322. [PMID: 29962260 DOI: 10.1177/0733464818784863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on activities overlooks the possibility that older adults engage in different activities contemporaneously. To address this gap, we used latent class analyses to identify activity patterns and then examined demographic and health correlates of these patterns among a nationally representative sample of older adults in Singapore. We identified four classes of activities: the family-focused instrumental activity (FIA) class, the social leisure activity (SLA) class, the multidynamic activity (MDA) class, and the passive activity (PA) class. Furthermore, the MDA members showed higher scores in their mental health. Worse physical functioning and higher depression scores also increased the likelihood of being in the FIA and PA groups. Significant demographics such as gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, employment, house type, and income were related to heterogeneity in older adults' activity patterns. Service providers might consider the impact of certain significant demographic and health-related correlates when planning programs to ensure greater reach and access.
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