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Chiu L, Corpus GH, Lien M, Chu JP. The Culturally Infused Curricular Framework (CICF) for Suicide Prevention Trainings. Health Promot Pract 2024:15248399241234064. [PMID: 38439682 DOI: 10.1177/15248399241234064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Although suicide prevention trainings (SPT) have been a standard approach for suicide prevention for years, researchers have noted a need for more clarity in the definition of core competencies for SPTs, particularly in the areas of diversity and culture. Recent research has identified key theoretically- and empirically-based cultural considerations for suicide prevention, but translation is needed to infuse these standards for culture-related competencies into SPTs. This study performed a systematic literature review with a thematic synthesis analytic approach to establish a set of curricular guidelines for infusion of cultural considerations into SPTs. The study also examined the extent to which existing community trainings already incorporate cultural components. Based on the thematic synthesis of 39 SPT studies from 2010 to 2020 and seminal reviews of the cultural and suicide literature, results identified three overarching categories of cultural curricular competencies (suicide knowledge and awareness, suicide intervention skills, and curriculum delivery) and 14 core cultural curricular subthemes for community trainings (e.g., culturally informed risk factors and warning signs, systemic inequities, etc.). These three categories with 14 core cultural curricular competencies comprise the Culturally Infused Curricular Framework (CICF) for Suicide Prevention Trainings. The majority of trainings (62%) included five or less out of 14 total possible core cultural competencies in their training curricula, pointing to insufficient integration of cultural components in existing community trainings. This study's research-based guideline establishes a culture-inclusive framework to strengthen content and approach of community trainings and suicide prevention across cultural groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Chiu
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Mego Lien
- County of Santa Clara Behavioral Health Services, San Jose, CA, USA
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Mueller-Williams AC, Hopson J, Momper SL. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Trainings as Part of an American Indian/Alaska Native Youth Suicide Prevention Program. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1631-1638. [PMID: 37558869 PMCID: PMC10598093 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control suicide rates in 2022 for American Indian/Alaska Native youth are 2.5 times higher than the national average. An Urban Indian Health Organization's response to this crisis was to provide community and State-wide Gatekeeper trainings between 2012 and 2019 to teach trainees (N = 810) to respond appropriately to youth at-risk of suicide. We report data on pre-, post-, and six-month follow-up surveys with trainees. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models repeated measures to test within-subject, and between-subject mean score changes on suicide prevention-related measures "knowledge," "ask directly," "respond," "comfort," and "preparedness." Results indicated improved capacity to be prepared to address suicide in the short term and that having a graduate degree enhanced baseline suicide prevention knowledge. Over time those with less education benefited the most and better retained content. Future Trainings should engage young people and those with less education to realize the largest benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Hopson
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Sjoblom E, Ghidei W, Leslie M, James A, Bartel R, Campbell S, Montesanti S. Centering Indigenous knowledge in suicide prevention: a critical scoping review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2377. [PMID: 36536345 PMCID: PMC9761945 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous peoples of Canada, United States, Australia, and New Zealand experience disproportionately high rates of suicide as a result of the collective and shared trauma experienced with colonization and ongoing marginalization. Dominant, Western approaches to suicide prevention-typically involving individual-level efforts for behavioural change via mental health professional intervention-by themselves have largely failed at addressing suicide in Indigenous populations, possibly due to cultural misalignment with Indigenous paradigms. Consequently, many Indigenous communities, organizations and governments have been undertaking more cultural and community-based approaches to suicide prevention. To provide a foundation for future research and inform prevention efforts in this context, this critical scoping review summarizes how Indigenous approaches have been integrated in suicide prevention initiatives targeting Indigenous populations. METHODS A systematic search guided by a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach was conducted in twelve electronic bibliographic databases for academic literature and six databases for grey literature to identify relevant articles. the reference lists of articles that were selected via the search strategy were hand-searched in order to include any further articles that may have been missed. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility. From eligible articles, data including authors, year of publication, type of publication, objectives of the study, country, target population, type of suicide prevention strategy, description of suicide prevention strategy, and main outcomes of the study were extracted. A thematic analysis approach guided by Métis knowledge and practices was also applied to synthesize and summarize the findings. RESULTS Fifty-six academic articles and 16 articles from the grey literature were examined. Four overarching and intersecting thematic areas emerged out of analysis of the academic and grey literature: (1) engaging culture and strengthening connectedness; (2) integrating Indigenous knowledge; (3) Indigenous self-determination; and (4) employing decolonial approaches. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate how centering Indigenous knowledge and approaches within suicide prevention positively contribute to suicide-related outcomes. Initiatives built upon comprehensive community engagement processes and which incorporate Indigenous culture, knowledge, and decolonizing methods have been shown to have substantial impact on suicide-related outcomes at the individual- and community-level. Indigenous approaches to suicide prevention are diverse, drawing on local culture, knowledge, need and priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynne Sjoblom
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Winta Ghidei
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Marya Leslie
- Métis Nation of Alberta, #100 Delia Gray Building, 11738 Kingsway Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T5G 0X5, Canada
| | - Ashton James
- Métis Nation of Alberta, #100 Delia Gray Building, 11738 Kingsway Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T5G 0X5, Canada
| | - Reagan Bartel
- Métis Nation of Alberta, #100 Delia Gray Building, 11738 Kingsway Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T5G 0X5, Canada
| | - Sandra Campbell
- Librarian, Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Stephanie Montesanti
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-266 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
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Pham TV, Fetter AK, Wiglesworth A, Rey LF, Prairie Chicken ML, Azarani M, Riegelman A, Gone JP. Suicide interventions for American Indian and Alaska Native populations: A systematic review of prevention strategies, logics, and rationales. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Pham TV, Fetter AK, Wiglesworth A, Rey LF, Prairie Chicken ML, Azarani M, Riegelman A, Gone JP. Suicide interventions for American Indian and Alaska Native populations: A systematic review of outcomes. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Patel R, Mehta R, Dave K, Chaudhary P. Effectiveness of gatekeepers' training for suicide prevention program among medical professionals and medical undergraduate students of a medical college from Western India. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:217-223. [PMID: 35017803 PMCID: PMC8709527 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_31_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide risk among Indigenous populations is a multifaceted phenomenon, influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors at the individual level, as well as cultural, political, and economic issues at the family and community level. The global prevalence of depression among medical students was recently estimated to be 28.0 % according to a meta-analysis of 77 studies. In the field of suicide prevention, the term gatekeeper refers to "individuals in a community who have face-to-face contact with large numbers of community members as part of their usual routine." They may be trained to "identify persons at risk of suicide and refer them to treatment or supporting services as appropriate". In our study we aimed to improved attitude and knowledge in gatekeeper to improve detection and referral of individuals who are at risk of suicide. METHODS AND MATERIAL We adapted an evidence-based gatekeeper training into a two-hour, multi-modal and interactive event for medical professional and undergraduate students. Then we evaluated the intervention compared to free-recall knowledge and attitudes questions were examined before and after participation in a student and faculty gatekeeper training program. Focus groups with students enriched interpretation of quantitative results. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Knowledge, attitudes, and skills of both students and teachers were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test. Comparison of knowledge, attitudes, and skills between both groups was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Undergraduate students developed more positive attitude for suicidal behavior where faculties developed more confident in their skill after training sessions. CONCLUSION brief gatekeeper training found effective in improving knowledge about suicide. Also, increasing participants' accuracy to identify warning signs, risk factors and protective factors about suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritambhara Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamlesh Dave
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradhyuman Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Nicholas A, Niederkrotenthaler T, Reavley N, Pirkis J, Jorm A, Spittal MJ. Belief in suicide prevention myths and its effect on helping: a nationally representative survey of Australian adults. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:303. [PMID: 32539848 PMCID: PMC7296674 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debunking suicide myths, such as 'asking someone about suicide could make them start thinking about it' is a common strategy in suicide prevention education. However, there has been little research investigating the relationship between suicide myths and helping behavior toward people at risk of suicide. We aimed to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with belief in eight common suicide myths and the associations between beliefs in these myths and helping intentions and behaviors toward a family member or friend in severe distress or at risk of suicide. METHODS We conducted a random digit dial (mobile and landline) survey of 3002 Australian adults. We asked respondents about their beliefs in suicide myths, intentions to help a person in severe distress or at risk of suicide presented in a vignette, and helping actions taken toward such a person in the last 12 months. We weighted this data to be representative of the Australian population. Regression analyses were undertaken to determine associations between sociodemographic and exposure characteristics and beliefs in suicide myths, and between beliefs in myths and helping intentions and behaviors. RESULTS Being male, speaking a language other than English at home and being over 60 years were associated with the strongest beliefs in suicide myths. The strongest and most consistent associations were found between belief in the myth 'asking someone about suicide could make them start thinking about it', risk assessment intentions and behaviours and intentions to undertaken actions not recommended for suicide prevention. CONCLUSIONS Identifying those sociodemographic groups most likely to believe in suicide myths allows targeted intervention for suicide prevention education 'debunking' suicide myths. By isolating those myths that are most commonly believed, and their specific effects on helping intentions and behaviors, suicide prevention educators can target these specific myths to have the most effect on helping behavior. Our findings suggest that targeting the myth 'asking someone about suicide could make them start thinking about it' may have the greatest effects on helping behavior, and that men, those aged over 60 years and those speaking a language other than English at home could most benefit from myth 'debunking'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nicholas
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
| | - Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1 Floor, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Anthony Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Matthew J Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
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Cwik M, Goklish N, Masten K, Lee A, Suttle R, Alchesay M, O'Keefe V, Barlow A. "Let our Apache Heritage and Culture Live on Forever and Teach the Young Ones": Development of The Elders' Resilience Curriculum, an Upstream Suicide Prevention Approach for American Indian Youth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:137-145. [PMID: 31313327 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The White Mountain Apache Tribe have developed an innovative curriculum that connects youth through Elders to their heritage, traditions, and culture, which has been proven to be a protective factor for native Americans. The development process took 4½ years and included community stakeholder buy-in, Elders' Council group formation, extensive formative work to identify content, iterative feedback between curriculum writers and Elders, and Elder training prior to implementation. Members of the Elders' Council have been visiting the local schools to teach youth about the Apache culture, language, and way of life since February 2014 reaching over 1000 youth. This approach demonstrates a promising upstream suicide prevention strategy. We discuss the process of development, implementation, and lessons learned, as this curriculum has potential for adaptation by other Indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Cwik
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Novalene Goklish
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Masten
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelita Lee
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rosemarie Suttle
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Alchesay
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victoria O'Keefe
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison Barlow
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Terpstra S, Beekman A, Abbing J, Jaken S, Steendam M, Gilissen R. Suicide prevention gatekeeper training in the Netherlands improves gatekeepers' knowledge of suicide prevention and their confidence to discuss suicidality, an observational study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:637. [PMID: 29776415 PMCID: PMC5960185 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gatekeeper training is designed to help identify suicidal individuals, respond to suicidal ideation and refer to help. The internationally widely used training shows promising results. This is the first study presenting its effectiveness in the Netherlands and the first study investigating the effect in different employment sectors. Methods In an observational study, 113 Suicide Prevention – the Dutch suicide prevention expertise centre and lifeline - trained 526 professionals as gatekeepers. Changes in gatekeepers’ identifying and referral behaviour, knowledge of suicide prevention and skills-confidence were studied, using a pre-post (6 weeks after training) self-report questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed with General Linear Model (GLM) repeated measures with four employment sectors (healthcare-, educational-, socioeconomic and other sectors) as a between-subjects factor. Results Pre-post self-reports of 174 respondents showed no change in the identification of suicidal people, referrals to the general practitioner (GP) or lifeline 113, but significant improvement in professionals’ knowledge and confidence (p < .001). Results did not differ between employment sectors. Conclusions The gatekeeper training significantly increases suicide prevention knowledge and skills confidence in abilities to address suicidality. Healthcare, education, socioeconomic and other professionals (e.g. security, justice, transport, church workers) benefit similarly from the training. Increasing the number of gatekeeper training programs in all sectors is recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5512-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Terpstra
- Department of Research & Innovation, GGz InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Aartjan Beekman
- Department of Research & Innovation, GGz InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Abbing
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Jaken
- 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Steendam
- Department of Psychology, GGz Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Siau CS, Wee LH, Ibrahim N, Visvalingam U, Yeap LLL, Wahab S. Gatekeeper Suicide Training's Effectiveness Among Malaysian Hospital Health Professionals: A Control Group Study With a Three-Month Follow-Up. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2018; 38:227-234. [PMID: 30036213 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a lack of suicide-related training in the nonpsychiatric health professional's basic education. We suggest that a continuing education through a brief gatekeeper suicide training program could be a suitable platform to improve suicide-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes. This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of the Question, Persuade, Refer gatekeeper program on improving the knowledge, self-efficacy in suicide prevention, and understanding of/willingness to help suicidal patients of Malaysian hospital health professionals. METHODS The Question, Persuade, Refer program materials were translated and adapted for implementation in the hospital setting for nonpsychiatric health professionals. There were 159 (mean age = 35.75 years; SD = 12.26) participants in this study. Most participants were female (84.9%), staff/community nurses (52.2%), who worked in the general medical department (30.2%) and had no experience managing suicidal patients (64.2%). Intervention participants (n = 53) completed a survey questionnaire at pretraining, immediately after training, and after three months. Control participants (n = 106) were not exposed to the training program and completed the same questionnaire at baseline and three months later. RESULTS Significant improvement occurred among intervention participants in terms of perceived knowledge, self-efficacy, and understanding of/willingness to help suicidal patients immediately after training and when compared with the control participants 3 months later. Improvements in declarative knowledge were not maintained at the 3-month follow-up. DISCUSSION This study confirmed the short-term effectiveness of the gatekeeper training program. Gatekeeper suicide training is recommended for implementation for nonpsychiatric health professionals nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Sin Siau
- Ms. Siau and Dr. Ibrahim: Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dr. Wee: Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dr. Visvalingam: Putrajaya Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia. Ms. Yeap: Stats Consulting Pvt. Ltd., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dr. Wahab: UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cwik MF, Tingey L, Maschino A, Goklish N, Larzelere-Hinton F, Walkup J, Barlow A. Decreases in Suicide Deaths and Attempts Linked to the White Mountain Apache Suicide Surveillance and Prevention System, 2001-2012. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:2183-2189. [PMID: 27736202 PMCID: PMC5105000 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the impact of a comprehensive, multitiered youth suicide prevention program among the White Mountain Apache of Arizona since its implementation in 2006. METHODS Using data from the tribally mandated Celebrating Life surveillance system, we compared the rates, numbers, and characteristics of suicide deaths and attempts from 2007 to 2012 with those from 2001 to 2006. RESULTS The overall Apache suicide death rates dropped from 40.0 to 24.7 per 100 000 (38.3% decrease), and the rate among those aged 15 to 24 years dropped from 128.5 to 99.0 per 100 000 (23.0% decrease). The annual number of attempts also dropped from 75 (in 2007) to 35 individuals (in 2012). National rates remained relatively stable during this time, at 10 to 13 per 100 000. CONCLUSIONS Although national rates remained stable or increased slightly, the overall Apache suicide death rates dropped following the suicide prevention program. The community surveillance system served a critical role in providing a foundation for prevention programming and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Cwik
- Mary F. Cwik, Lauren Tingey, Alexandra Maschino, Novalene Goklish, Francene Larzelere-Hinton, and Allison Barlow are with the Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. John Walkup is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Lauren Tingey
- Mary F. Cwik, Lauren Tingey, Alexandra Maschino, Novalene Goklish, Francene Larzelere-Hinton, and Allison Barlow are with the Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. John Walkup is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Alexandra Maschino
- Mary F. Cwik, Lauren Tingey, Alexandra Maschino, Novalene Goklish, Francene Larzelere-Hinton, and Allison Barlow are with the Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. John Walkup is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Novalene Goklish
- Mary F. Cwik, Lauren Tingey, Alexandra Maschino, Novalene Goklish, Francene Larzelere-Hinton, and Allison Barlow are with the Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. John Walkup is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Francene Larzelere-Hinton
- Mary F. Cwik, Lauren Tingey, Alexandra Maschino, Novalene Goklish, Francene Larzelere-Hinton, and Allison Barlow are with the Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. John Walkup is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - John Walkup
- Mary F. Cwik, Lauren Tingey, Alexandra Maschino, Novalene Goklish, Francene Larzelere-Hinton, and Allison Barlow are with the Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. John Walkup is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Allison Barlow
- Mary F. Cwik, Lauren Tingey, Alexandra Maschino, Novalene Goklish, Francene Larzelere-Hinton, and Allison Barlow are with the Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. John Walkup is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth ages 10-24. An estimated 1.5 million US adolescents receive their primary health care in the emergency department (ED); this is particularly true for low-income and minority youths who often lack a regular source of care. ED visits can provide a window of opportunity to screen and identify youths with suicide and mental health risk, triage youths based on need, and facilitate effective follow-up care. Recently developed brief therapeutic assessment approaches have demonstrated success in improving rates of follow-up care after discharge from the ED. Furthermore, there is some data supporting clinical benefits when youths receive evidence-based outpatient follow-up care. ED screening combined with effective follow-up, therefore, may provide one strategy for improving mental health and reducing health disparities in our nation. This paper reviews the context in which ED screenings occur, available tools and strategies, and evidence for the effectiveness of tested approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Babeva
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Hughes
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9119, USA
| | - Joan Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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