1
|
Cheung JC, Sorgi-Wilson KM, Ciesinski NK, McCloskey MS. Examining the relationship between subtypes of rumination and non-suicidal self-injury: A meta-analytic review. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024; 54:528-555. [PMID: 38411021 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent maladaptive behavior, often used to cope with intense negative affect. Rumination is an emotion regulation strategy that leads to fixation on and exacerbation of (typically) negative affective states. However, studies examining the relationship between rumination and NSSI have yielded mixed results, showing high degrees of heterogeneity. METHODS The present study conducted meta-analyses (k = 50) of the association between overall rumination and NSSI, and independent meta-analyses for each of four subtypes of rumination (general, depressive, brooding, reflection rumination). Potential moderators that may influence the magnitude of these relationships were also examined. RESULTS A small-to-moderate positive association between rumination and NSSI was found independent of rumination subtype. Moderating effects included NSSI outcome measure and study design for overall rumination and general rumination, respectively. Race was found to moderate the relationships between both brooding and depressive rumination and NSSI, though in inverse directions. An analysis of effect heterogeneity across studies suggested that undetected moderators may be present. CONCLUSION Results of this study support the relationships between rumination subtypes and NSSI and identify factors that may impact these relationships. Continued research is needed to understand this association, particularly in more varied subtypes of rumination and cognitive-affective moderators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joey C Cheung
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nicole K Ciesinski
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S McCloskey
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee H, Lee E. Latent groups from multidimensional factors and effects on suicidal ideation in older adults. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e103. [PMID: 38712624 PMCID: PMC11094448 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a serious social problem among older adults. However, little is known about how multidimensional factors affect suicide of older adults. AIMS We classify the multidimensional suicidal risk types of older adults based on their characteristics and identify differences in suicidal ideation. METHOD Data were obtained via a nationwide online survey targeting 612 older adults over the age of 55 years. A latent profile analysis identified three profiles, one of which represented the optimal situation for these adults. RESULTS We identified three distinct multidimensional suicidal risk types in older adults: high-risk predicament (24.5%), moderate-risk predicament (57.7%) and abundant internal/external resources (17.8%). In particular, depression, a major risk factor for suicide, was found together with self-neglect in each group. Multiple regression analysis showed that older adults in the moderate-risk predicament and high-risk predicament groups were more likely to have suicidal ideation than those in the abundant internal/external resources group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that co-occurrence of depression and self-neglect represents a suicide risk pattern in high-risk older individuals. Therefore, local communities need to urgently screen and provide interventions for such older adults and strengthen their capacity for multidimensional aspects of life to prevent suicide in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Mokwon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- The Center for Social Welfare Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Więdłocha M, Marcinowicz P, Komarnicki J, Tobiaszewska M, Dębowska W, Dębowska M, Szulc A. Depression with comorbid borderline personality disorder - could ketamine be a treatment catalyst? Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1398859. [PMID: 38742125 PMCID: PMC11089186 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1398859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is diagnosed in 10-30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and the frequency of MDD among individuals with BPD reaches over 80%. The comorbidity of MDD and BPD is associated with more severe depressive symptoms and functional impairment, higher risk of treatment resistance and increased suicidality. The effectiveness of ketamine usage in treatment resistant depression (TRD) has been demonstrated in numerous studies. In most of these studies, individuals with BPD were not excluded, thus given the high co-occurrence of these disorders, it is possible that the beneficial effects of ketamine also extend to the subpopulation with comorbid TRD and BPD. However, no protocols were developed that would account for comorbidity. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions, which may be crucial for achieving a lasting therapeutic effect in TRD and BPD comorbidity, were not included. In the article, we discuss the results of a small number of existing studies and case reports on the use of ketamine in depressive disorders with comorbid BPD. We elucidate how, at the molecular and brain network levels, ketamine can impact the neurobiology and symptoms of BPD. Furthermore, we explore whether ketamine-induced neuroplasticity, augmented by psychotherapy, could be of use in alleviating core BPD-related symptoms such as emotional dysregulation, self-identity disturbances and self-harming behaviors. We also discuss the potential of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) in BPD treatment. As there is no standard approach to the application of ketamine or KAP in individuals with comorbid TRD and BPD, we consider further research in the field as imperative. The priorities should include development of dedicated protocols, distinguishing subpopulations that may benefit most from such treatment and investigating factors that may influence its effectiveness and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Więdłocha
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Pruszkow, Masovian, Poland
| | - Piotr Marcinowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Pruszkow, Masovian, Poland
| | - Jan Komarnicki
- Leszek Giec Upper-Silesian Medical Centre of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Weronika Dębowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Pruszkow, Masovian, Poland
| | - Marta Dębowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Pruszkow, Masovian, Poland
| | - Agata Szulc
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Pruszkow, Masovian, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Li JT, Zhou M, Liu HF, Fan YY, Mi S, Tang YL. Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with mood disorders and the roles of self-compassion and emotional regulation. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1214192. [PMID: 38179248 PMCID: PMC10764550 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1214192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the characteristics and psychological mechanism of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents with mood disorders. We examined how self-compassion and emotional regulation affected NSSI and tested the mediating role of self-compassion in the link between emotional regulation and NSSI. Method We recruited outpatient and inpatient adolescent patients with bipolar and related disorders or depressive disorders (DSM-5), with a focus on NSSI. We also recruited healthy controls from the community. We collected demographic and clinical data. The Adolescent Self-injury Questionnaire, Self-compassion Scale (SCS), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were used to assess the frequency and severity of NSSI, level of self-compassion, and emotional regulation. Results In total, we recruited 248 adolescent patients with mood disorders (N = 196 with NSSI, and 52 without NSSI) and 212 healthy controls. NSSI was significantly associated with the female sex, lower levels of education and less use of cognitive reappraisal strategies, lower levels of self-warmth, and higher levels of self-coldness. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the scores of ERQ, cognitive reassessment score, and the scores of SCS among the three groups, but no statistical differences in expressive suppression score among the three groups. Self-warmth had a mediating effect between cognitive reappraisal and NSSI behavior. Conclusion NSSI is prevalent among adolescent patients with mood disorders in clinical settings, especially among girls and those with lower levels of education and less cognitive reappraisal strategies. More clinical attention is needed. Self-compassion and its factors may mediate the association between emotional regulation and NSSI. Clinical implications and future research directions were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-ting Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-feng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-yang Fan
- Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Mi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yan J, Zhuang Y, Liu H, Li J, Xue X, Wang C. The pooled prevalence and influential factors of non-suicidal self-injury in non-clinical samples during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 343:109-118. [PMID: 37802326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has had an enormous impact on the mental health of people around the world, particularly adolescents. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the most prominent and dangerous behaviors associated with suicide. However, few meta-analyses of the NSSI prevalence have ever been conducted since the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and elucidate the influencing factors for NSSI. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CNKI and Wanfang Database for relevant literature published before April 2022. Pooled prevalence and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were used to assess NSSI prevalence. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to clarify the potential influencing factors. RESULTS A total of 15 studies with 24,055 participants were eventually included. The results showed that the pooled overall prevalence of NSSI among overall samples during the COVID-19 pandemic was 22.5 % (95 % CI: 17.2 % to 28.9 %). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that the crucial influencing factors for NSSI included gender, age, regional distribution, and suicidal ideation. Specifically, the NSSI prevalence among adolescents and adults during the pandemic was 32.40 % and 15.70 %, respectively. Most importantly, gender is a significant influencing factor for NSSI among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The pooled prevalence of NSSI during the COVID-19 outbreak has surged to alarming heights, especially among adolescents. The prevalence of NSSI may be influenced by complex factors such as gender and age. Therefore, it is critical to pay attention to NSSI behaviors in the adolescent population, particularly male adolescents who appear to be susceptible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Deng
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Yan
- Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yunyue Zhuang
- Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuju Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan R, Ding W, Wang D, Lin X, Lin X, Li W, Xie R. Longitudinal relationship between child maltreatment, bullying victimization, depression, and nonsuicidal self-injury among left-behind children in China: 2-year follow-up. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:2899-2917. [PMID: 37605557 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left-behind childre (LBC) in China are deeply concerned by society because of their high risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Depression and nonsuicidal self-injury are the most harmful and worrying negative emotional and behavioral problems in LBC. Unfortunately, LBCs are in unfavorable environments for a long time and are prone to negative interpersonal interactions. Child maltreatment and bullying victimization, as the two most typical negative interpersonal interactions in family and school environments, maybe the key risk factors for depression and nonsuicidal self-injury among LBCs. However, we are less known of the longitudinal effects of child maltreatment and bullying victimization on LBC's depression and nonsuicidal self-injury and their underlying mechanisms. AIMS This study used a two-year longitudinal design with three-time points to investigate the longitudinal effects of child maltreatment and bullying victimization on depression, nonsuicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of negative thoughts and self-compassion. MATERIALS & METHODS A sample of 592 LBC (390 were males, Mage at time 1 = 9.56, SDage = 0.65; 202 were females, Mage at time 1 = 9.43, SDage = 0.63) completed a set of questionnaires at three-time points. This study used SPSS software (version 25.0) and MPLUS software (version 8.3) for all analyses. RESULTS (1) Child maltreatment not only affects depression and nonsuicidal self-injury but also affects depression and nonsuicidal self-injury through negative thoughts. Child maltreatment affects depression through self-compassion and does not affect nonsuicidal self-injury. (2) Bullying victimization affects depression and nonsuicidal self-injury through negative thoughts and bullying victimization further affects depression through self-compassion but does not affect nonsuicidal self-injury. CONCLUSION This study revealed the effects of negative interpersonal interactions (child maltreatment, bullying victimization) on LBC's adverse emotions and behaviors, and their underlying mechanisms, which helps to provide parents, schools, and psychoeducational workers with a new perspective on intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- Parent Education Research Center, Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wan Ding
- Parent Education Research Center, Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Die Wang
- Parent Education Research Center, Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiongli Lin
- School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Parent Education Research Center, Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ruibo Xie
- Parent Education Research Center, Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng Y, Wang J, Jiang Q, Liao M, Huang F. Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation among adolescents: the chain-mediating role of rumination and decentering. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1179518. [PMID: 37779633 PMCID: PMC10540194 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1179518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation in adolescents and examine the roles of rumination and decentering in that relationship. Method By means of a questionnaire, 175 adolescent patients in a psychiatric hospital in Fujian Province were given the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation: Chinese Version, Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation, Ruminative Response Scale: Chinese Version, and Experiences Questionnaire: Decentering Scale. Results (1) Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury was significantly positively related to suicidal ideation and rumination and significantly negatively related to decentering. Suicidal ideation was significantly positively related to rumination and significantly negatively related to decentering. Rumination was significantly negatively related to decentering. (2) Rumination and decentering played a complete chain-mediating role between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation. Non-suicidal self-injury was found to indirectly affect suicidal ideation along three pathways: the independent mediating role of rumination (the mediating effect accounted for 40.166%), independent mediating role of decentering (the mediating effect accounted for 41.274%), and chain-mediating role of rumination and decentering (the mediating effect accounted for 14.958%). Conclusion Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury can indirectly affect suicidal ideation through rumination and decentering. In the future, mindfulness and other methods should be used to improve individuals' levels of decentering and cultivate emotional regulation abilities, so as to reduce the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meiling Liao
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fajie Huang
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Erol Y, Inozu M. An Investigation of the Mediating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Distress Tolerance, Self-Compassion, and Self-Disgust in the Association Between Childhood Trauma and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Arch Suicide Res 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37470456 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2237083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment has been associated as a risk factor with the development of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), with difficulty in emotion regulation explaining the association. However, little is known about the potential factors that make some individuals with maltreatment history more vulnerable to difficulties in emotion regulation and, in turn, engage in NSSI. The current study aimed to examine the roles of distress tolerance, self-compassion, and self-disgust in the association between childhood maltreatment types and emotion regulation difficulty, which was expected to predict NSSI. METHOD The sample included 397 university students between the ages of 18 and 30. Participants completed self-report scales assessing childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation difficulty, distress tolerance, self-compassion, self-disgust, and NSSI using the paper-pencil and online methods. The mediation model suggested for the association between childhood maltreatment types and NSSI was tested using path analysis. RESULTS Low distress tolerance, low self-compassion, high self-disgust, and resulting high emotion regulation difficulty mediated the indirect effect of emotional neglect on NSSI. CONCLUSION The current study sheds light on various factors in the development and maintenance of NSSI and reveals three developmental pathways from emotional neglect in childhood to engaging in NSSI.HIGHLIGHTSEmotional neglect may be a distal risk factor for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI).Low distress tolerance and self-compassion and high self-disgust may increase the risk of NSSI.Emotion regulation difficulty may make people engage in NSSI to regulate emotions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagy LM, Shanahan ML, Seaford SP. Nonsuicidal self-injury and rumination: A meta-analysis. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:7-27. [PMID: 35639994 PMCID: PMC10084048 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trait rumination is the tendency to overthink and focus on negative emotions and events and is related to a number of psychological disorders and maladaptive behaviors including nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the relationship between trait rumination and NSSI behaviors. Results from 60 samples showed small effect sizes between trait rumination and NSSI engagement, NSSI frequency, and the number of methods used to self-injure in cross-sectional samples. Results from 13 samples showed small effect sizes between trait rumination and NSSI engagement and NSSI frequency in longitudinal samples. Moderator analyses indicated that this relationship is similar whether the type of rumination is depressive or not and is generally consistent across different ages, genders, and ethnicities. These results help clarify the role of trait rumination as a risk factor for NSSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Nagy
- Department of Psychology, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mackenzie L Shanahan
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sara P Seaford
- Department of Psychology, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dunn NA, Luchner AF. The emotional impact of self-criticism on self-reflection and rumination. Psychol Psychother 2022; 95:1126-1139. [PMID: 36041991 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to determine whether self-reflection is a beneficial exercise for highly self-critical individuals and to examine the effects of self-focused thought including reflection and rumination on mood. This was investigated by measuring the levels of self-criticism, as well as mood before and after exposure to a reflective prompt or a ruminative prompt. DESIGN Experimental design with random assignment to reflection, rumination or control groups. METHODS 243 participants from a sample recruited on prolific provided demographic information and completed measures of current mood and self-criticism. All participants were then asked to remember a time they made a mistake that had a significant impact on them and describe the mistake briefly. Participants were then randomly assigned to a self-focus condition (reflection, rumination or control). After being assigned and completing the prompt, their mood was measured again. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regressions were used to measure the potential combined effects of self-criticism and self-focused thought on change in emotion. The results showed that participants with high levels of maladaptive self-criticism (hated self-subscale) experienced a significant decrease in negative emotions, indicating improved mood. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that reflection may be a beneficial exercise for highly self-critical individuals. Participants in the rumination group experienced no significant change in emotion, indicating how rumination can perpetuate negative affect and is therefore an important issue to be addressed in psychotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Dunn
- Department of Psychology, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew F Luchner
- Department of Psychology, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muehlenkamp JJ, Wagner EM. Yoga and nonsuicidal self-injury: Mediational effects of self-compassion and body appreciation. Body Image 2022; 43:17-24. [PMID: 35994996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent maladaptive body-focused behavior among youth and young adults. Yoga is associated with improved mindfulness, body image, and self-compassion; all of which are associated with decreased NSSI. This study evaluated the relationship between yoga and NSSI frequency, and if the relationship would be mediated by mindfulness, self-compassion, and/or body appreciation. Participants were recruited from a random sample of university students via email and included those with some yoga experience (N = 384; Mage = 19.98, SD = 2.20). Participants completed an anonymous online survey assessing their levels of yoga participation, NSSI, mindfulness, self-compassion, and body appreciation. Bias corrected serial mediation regression models indicated the relationship between yoga participation and NSSI frequency was significantly mediated by self-compassion followed by body appreciation. Body appreciation was also a significant single mediator of yoga's relationship with NSSI. Mindfulness was not a significant mediator in any of the analyzes. Yoga practice is associated with reduced NSSI behaviors through its positive relationships with body appreciation and self-compassion. Body appreciation appears to be an important mechanism underlying the link between yoga participation and NSSI behavior suggesting that interventions promoting positive body image, such as yoga, could be innovative strategies for clinicians to consider.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Muehlenkamp
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Department of Psychology, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI 54701, the United States of America.
| | - Emily M Wagner
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Department of Psychology, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI 54701, the United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boyne H, Hamza CA. Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Stress, Self-Compassion and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Emerging Adults: An Examination of the Between and Within-Person Associations Over Time. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1269-1285. [PMID: 36111318 PMCID: PMC9465554 DOI: 10.1177/21676968211029768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging adults report experiencing mental health challenges (e.g., depressive symptoms and perceived stress) during the transition to university. These mental health challenges often coincide with increased engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI; e.g., self-cutting or burning without lethal intent), but longitudinal research exploring the nature of the associations among depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and NSSI are lacking. In the present study, it was examined whether depressive symptoms and perceived stress predicted increased risk for NSSI over time (or the reverse), and whether these effects were mediated or moderated by self-compassion. The sample consisted of 1,125 university students (Mage = 17.96 years, 74% female), who completed an online survey three times in first year university. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that higher depressive symptoms, perceived stress, NSSI, and lower self-compassion often co-occurred, but only NSSI predicted increased perceived stress over time. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Boyne
- Applied Psychology and Human Development,
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chloe A. Hamza
- Applied Psychology and Human Development,
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang W, Li N, Yuan Y, Wu X, Lan X. Longitudinal relationships between guilt and suicide risk among adolescents in a postdisaster context: Mediating roles of rumination and posttraumatic stress disorder. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:773-781. [PMID: 35355309 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the pathways and mechanisms underlying the impact of guilt on suicide risk using a well-controlled longitudinal study, we examined the mediating roles of intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this association. METHOD Four hundred and eight adolescent survivors (Mage = 14.05 years) were assessed using self-report questionnaires three and a half years and four and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake. The self-report questionnaires included the Trauma Exposures Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Guilt Questionnaire, the Event-Related Rumination Inventory, the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5, and the Child Behavior Problems Questionnaire. RESULTS The results indicated that guilt had a direct and positive effect on suicide risk. Intrusive rumination and PTSD mediated the relationship between guilt and suicide risk. Guilt could increase deliberate rumination, but deliberate rumination did not significantly predict PTSD and suicide risk. CONCLUSION Negative postdisaster emotions, such as guilt, can enhance the combined effects of cognition and psychological disorders on suicide risk. Guilt affects suicide risk indirectly through intrusive rumination and PTSD but not through deliberate rumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tie B, Tang C, Zhu C, He J. Body dissatisfaction and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese young adults: a moderated mediation analysis. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2051-2062. [PMID: 35040078 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extensive evidence from Western societies supports the role for body dissatisfaction in the etiological models of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, research of the underlying mechanisms of this relationship has been limited, especially in China. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between body dissatisfaction and NSSI among college students in China. Possible mediating roles for psychological distress and disordered eating, as well as a moderating role for self-compassion, were also examined. METHODS College students (n = 655, Mage = 20.32 years, SD = 1.02) were recruited from Henan province, China. Each participant completed questionnaires regarding body dissatisfaction, psychological distress, disordered eating, and self-compassion. RESULTS A close to medium positive relationship between body dissatisfaction and NSSI was revealed with r = 0.24 (p < .001). The relationship was found to be fully mediated by psychological distress and disordered eating. The mediation role for disordered eating was found to be further moderated by self-compassion, suggesting that self-compassion acted as a buffer against the relationship between disordered eating and NSSI. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that body dissatisfaction, psychological distress, disordered eating, and self-compassion may play important roles in Chinese young adults' NSSI. Researchers and practitioners need to pay closer attention to the underlying mechanisms of how body dissatisfaction links to NSSI to deepen the understanding of their linkage as well as to provide appropriate interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Tie
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chanyuan Tang
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengquan Zhu
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kruzan KP, Muehlenkamp JJ, Claes L. Identity, self-blame, and body regard in NSSI: A test of moderated-mediation. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152322. [PMID: 35533434 PMCID: PMC9219562 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior work suggests that an unstable identity is an important developmental factor impacting risk for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), partly because it can foster lowered self-esteem and self-blame coping styles. Theoretical models suggest that how one regards the self, including experiences of and reactions to one's body (e.g., body regard), impact how factors such as identity instability and coping styles influence NSSI behavior. This study tested whether body regard moderated the mediational effect of self-blame coping on the relationship between poor self-concept clarity and past-year NSSI. METHODS A sample of 1906 university students had complete data from an anonymous online questionnaires measuring self-concept clarity, self-blame coping, and past-year NSSI behaviors. RESULTS Past-year NSSI was reported by 23.5% of the sample. Moderated mediational regression analyses using the PROCESS macro for SPSS were run. Body regard significantly moderated the effects of self-blame coping and poor self-concept clarity on NSSI such that neither risk factor was associated with NSSI when body regard was high. Poor self-concept clarity also retained a significant, although weakened, direct relationship with NSSI in the full model. CONCLUSIONS Positive body regard is protective and appears to mitigate the strength of the relationships between poor self-concept clarity and self-blame coping on past year NSSI. When body regard is low or average, poor self-concept clarity is associated with increased NSSI, partly through the effect of self-blame coping. Treatments that address body- and self-perceptions related to self-concept may enhance the effectiveness of interventions used to reduce NSSI behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee P Kruzan
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, 446 E. Ontario St., Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer J Muehlenkamp
- Department of Psychology, 105 Garfield Ave, University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA.
| | - Laurence Claes
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bluth K, Lathren C, Clepper-Faith M, Larson LM, Ogunbamowo DO, Pflum S. Improving Mental Health Among Transgender Adolescents: Implementing Mindful Self-Compassion for Teens. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211062126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of an online self-compassion intervention for transgender adolescents, with the aim of improving mental health. Participants identified as transgender or gender expansive, were between the ages of 13 and 17, and lived in the U.S. or Canada. The empirically-based self-compassion program, Mindful Self-Compassion for Teens (formerly Making Friends with Yourself) was implemented in eight 1.5 hour sessions on the Zoom platform by two trained instructors. Surveys were administered pre-, post-intervention, and at 3 months follow-up, and qualitative data were collected through end-of-program interviews and open-ended questions on the post-survey. All protocols were approved by the university IRB. Quantitative data analysis included repeated measures ANOVAs, and qualitative data were analyzed via both inductive and deductive methods. Results indicated that all but one psychosocial measure significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention, which then significantly improved at 3-month follow-up; most other improvements were maintained at follow-up. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: virtual safe space; connection to body; personal growth; and recommended course changes and are discussed. Results suggest that self-compassion interventions can be incorporated into therapy programs to support and improve mental health for transgender adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bluth
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Do Gender and Age Moderate the Relationship between Friendship Quality and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Community Children and Adolescents? Psychol Belg 2021; 61:315-326. [PMID: 34824862 PMCID: PMC8588898 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the relationship between friendship quality (dimensions) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as well as the moderating role of gender and age in this relationship. The sample consisted of 463 children and adolescents (50.10% female, age range: 9–17 years). Friendship quality and NSSI were measured using the Friendship Qualities Scale (FQS; Bukowski, Hoza, & Boivin, 1994) and the Self Harm Inventory (SHI; Sansone, Wiederman, & Sansone, 1998), respectively. Overall, total friendship quality and NSSI were significantly and negatively related. Additionally, the relationship between total friendship quality and NSSI was moderated by gender and age. Specifically, girls with low friendship quality reported more NSSI; whereas for boys an opposite effect was found. As for age, friendship quality and NSSI were positively related in older participants. In younger participants, a relationship between friendship quality and NSSI seemed rather absent. This study highlights the important association between friendship quality and NSSI, as well as gender- and age-related differences in this association, which should be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of NSSI.
Collapse
|
18
|
Coleman SE, Dunlop BJ, Hartley S, Taylor PJ. The relationship between rumination and NSSI: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:405-443. [PMID: 34806214 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumination is a cognitive process that has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of a variety of psychological difficulties. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to examine the nature and strength of the relationship between rumination and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). METHODS The protocol for this review was pre-registered (CRD42019148186). A literature search of electronic databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science was performed from the earliest date available to March 2020. Thirty-nine eligible papers were identified. An additional seven papers were identified from a search conducted in September 2021, resulting in a total of 46 papers. Separate meta-analyses were undertaken for NSSI frequency and NSSI history, with studies grouped by rumination type (depressive, transdiagnostic, anger, brooding, reflection, catastrophising, overall). Moderator analyses were also conducted along with a narrative synthesis of adjusted associations and longitudinal studies. RESULTS Rumination had a positive small association with NSSI frequency and a positive moderate association with NSSI history. The adjusted associations yielded mixed findings and most longitudinal research found rumination to be associated with prospective NSSI. LIMITATIONS Most included studies had a moderate risk of bias and used a student sample. A limitation of this review was that only English language papers were included. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that rumination is associated with NSSI, but more so the likelihood of engaging in NSSI overall than the frequency. Rumination-focused techniques for NSSI may therefore be of benefit. Further research is needed to understand this association, particularly with longitudinal studies that focus on state rumination rather than stable trait rumination. PRACTITIONER POINTS Rumination was found to have a small to moderate association with NSSI. Some individuals who engage in NSSI may benefit from psychological techniques that target rumination. Most of the studies included had a moderate risk of bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Coleman
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Prestwich, UK
| | - Brendan J Dunlop
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
| | - Samantha Hartley
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK.,Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang L, Liu J, Yang Y, Zou H. Prevalence and risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury among patients with depression or bipolar disorder in China. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:389. [PMID: 34348675 PMCID: PMC8335871 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Non-suicidal self-injury is a serious health problem among patients with depression or bipolar disorder. However, few studies within the Chinese context have investigated the prevalence of NSSI and its risk factors in above populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury and its risk factors in patients with depression or bipolar disorder in China. METHODS The final sample comprised of 394 inpatients(Mage = 29.71; SDage = 11.95) with depression or bipolar disorder from two psychiatric hospitals in Beijing, China. A General Demographic Data Form, the Non-suicidal Self-injury Questionnaire(NSSI-Q), Impulsivity Item and the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire(ACE-IQ) were completed by all patients. RESULTS Of the 394 patients examined, 245(62.2%) of this sample reported NSSI in past year. Of the 245 patients with NSSI, 135(55.1%) were diagnosed with depression and 110(44.9%) were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The most common methods of NSSI for female was "pinching"(23.1%) and "scratching"(22.8%), while for male it was "hiting hard objects"(12.7%). By multivariate regression analysis, young age, unemployment, a higher monthly family income, single, impulsivity, long duration of illness and ACEs were risk factors for NSSI in patients with depression and bipolar disorder(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study points to the fact that there was an unfortunate message about the prevalence of NSSI among patients with depression or bipolar disorder in China. It is necessary not only to raise the awareness of NSSI in families and society, but also to formulate targeted assessment and intervention. Moreover, future research should not only focus on individuals being hospitalized, but should be representative of individuals treated at home or in the community because there are no national statistics on NSSI among such patients in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, No.69 Mei Shan Road, Shu Shan District, Hefei, 230031 Anhui Province China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nursing, Beijing An Ding Hospital, 5 Ankang Lane, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Nursing, Beijing An Ding Hospital, 5 Ankang Lane, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Haiou Zou
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kurebayashi Y. Self-compassion and nursing competency among Japanese psychiatric nurses. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1009-1018. [PMID: 33078412 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the association of self-focus and self-compassion with nursing competency. DESIGN AND METHODS Data of 433 psychiatric nurses comprising demographics, other-consciousness, self-compassion, self-focus, and nursing competency were analyzed using the Other-Consciousness Scale (OCS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Japanese version of the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ), and Oriented Problem Solving Behavior (OPSN). FINDINGS Higher internal aspect and lower fantastic aspect in OCS, higher reflection in RRQ, and lower SCS negative subscales predicted a higher OPSN score. The account rate of variance was 12.5%. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Psychiatric nursing education should facilitate other-consciousness and reflection enhancement, and assuage uncompassionate attitude towards self.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kurebayashi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sloan E, Moulding R, Weiner C, Dowling RM, Hall K. A qualitative examination of the relationship between rumination, distress, and dysregulated behaviours in vulnerable young people. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94:322-340. [PMID: 32716586 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Young people accessing mental health treatment in Australia frequently engage in dysregulated behaviours, such as substance misuse, deliberate self-harm (DSH), and binge eating and purging. Rumination has been identified as a correlate of behavioural dysregulation; however, a qualitative examination of the functional relationship between ruminative processes and distress and subsequent engagement in dysregulated behaviours has not yet been conducted. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of rumination in young people and examine how this process relates to engagement in DSH, binge eating and purging, and substance misuse in a sample of treatment-seeking young people. DESIGN A qualitative research methodology was used gain an in-depth understanding of participants' experience of rumination as it relates to their engagement in dysregulated behaviours. METHODS Twelve treatment-seeking young people were interviewed about their experience of rumination in the context of a recently recalled situation where they engaged in a dysregulated behaviour. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Themes included the following: (1) triggers to behavioural dysregulation; (2) characteristics and content of rumination; (3) key precipitants to dysregulated behaviours (rumination, distress, and prior ineffective were at managing rumination); and (4) distraction from rumination and regulation of distress as short term, positively reinforcing consequences of dysregulated behaviours, while ongoing cycles of rumination and psychological distress were identified as long-term consequences. CONCLUSIONS DSH, binge/purge behaviours, and substance misuse represent maladaptive ways to distract from intense and pervasive rumination in this cohort of young people. Theoretical and treatment implications pertaining to these findings are discussed. PRACTITIONER POINTS Rumination is a common experience in young people who engage in dysregulated behaviours including deliberate self-harm, binging and purging, and substance misuse Engagement in behavioural dysregulation functions to distract from rumination, which negatively reinforces further engagement in dysregulated behaviours. Interventions in this population should focus on the development of adaptive skills that provide the same level of distraction provided by the physical sensations associated with engaging in a dysregulated behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Sloan
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Deakin University Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Moulding
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Deakin University Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlye Weiner
- Youth Support and Advocacy Service (YSAS), Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rose-Mary Dowling
- Youth Support and Advocacy Service (YSAS), Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Hall
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Deakin University Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suh H, Jeong J. Association of Self-Compassion With Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors and Non-suicidal Self Injury: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:633482. [PMID: 34122224 PMCID: PMC8192964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Self-compassion functions as a psychological buffer in the face of negative life experiences. Considering that suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are often accompanied by intense negative feelings about the self (e.g., self-loathing, self-isolation), self-compassion may have the potential to alleviate these negative attitudes and feelings toward oneself. This meta-analysis investigated the associations of self-compassion with STBs and NSSI. Methods: A literature search finalized in August 2020 identified 18 eligible studies (13 STB effect sizes and seven NSSI effect sizes), including 8,058 participants. Two studies were longitudinal studies, and the remainder were cross-sectional studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using CMA 3.0. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and publication bias analyses were conducted to probe potential sources of heterogeneity. Results: With regard to STBs, a moderate effect size was found for self-compassion (r = -0.34, k = 13). Positively worded subscales exhibited statistically significant effect sizes: self-kindness (r = -0.21, k = 4), common humanity (r = -0.20, k = 4), and mindfulness (r = -0.15, k = 4). For NSSI, a small effect size was found for self-compassion (r = -0.29, k = 7). There was a large heterogeneity (I 2 = 80.92% for STBs, I 2 = 86.25% for NSSI), and publication bias was minimal. Subgroup analysis results showed that sample characteristic was a moderator, such that a larger effect size was witnessed in clinical patients than sexually/racially marginalized individuals, college students, and healthy-functioning community adolescents. Conclusions: Self-compassion was negatively associated with STBs and NSSI, and the effect size of self-compassion was larger for STBs than NSSI. More evidence is necessary to gauge a clinically significant protective role that self-compassion may play by soliciting results from future longitudinal studies or intervention studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Suh
- Psychology and Child & Human Development Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jisun Jeong
- Graduate School of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zeifman RJ, Ip J, Antony MM, Kuo JR. On loving thyself: Exploring the association between self-compassion, self-reported suicidal behaviors, and implicit suicidality among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:396-403. [PMID: 31662050 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1679154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health concern. It is unknown whether self-compassion is associated with suicide risk above and beyond suicide risk factors such as self-criticism, hopelessness, and depression severity. Participants: Participants were 130 ethnically diverse undergraduate college students. Methods: Participants completed self-report measures of self-compassion, self-criticism, hopelessness, depression severity, and suicidal behaviors, as well as an implicit measure of suicidality. Results: Self-compassion was significantly associated with self-reported suicidal behaviors, even when controlling for self-criticism, hopelessness, and depression severity. Self-compassion was not significantly associated with implicit suicidality. Conclusions: The findings suggest that self-compassion is uniquely associated with self-reported suicidal behaviors, but not implicit suicidality, and that self-compassion is a potentially important target in suicide risk interventions. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Ip
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin M Antony
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janice R Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nagy LM, Shanahan ML, Baer RA. An experimental investigation of the effects of self-criticism and self-compassion on implicit associations with non-suicidal self-injury. Behav Res Ther 2021; 139:103819. [PMID: 33640591 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the intentional destruction of bodily tissue in the absence of suicidal motives. Individuals who self-injure often report doing so in order to punish the self or express self-hatred. Self-criticism, or thoughts marked by shame, self-consciousness, and inferiority, is associated with higher rates of NSSI while self-compassion, or the tendency to be sympathetic and caring with oneself, is negatively associated with NSSI. The aim of the present study was to determine whether experimentally-induced self-criticism would increase and self-compassion would decrease implicit identification with NSSI. Participants were randomly assigned to either a self-criticism induction, a self-compassion induction, or a neutral, control condition and completed a measure of strength of the automatic associations that a person holds between themselves and self-harming behaviors before and after the experimental induction. Study hypotheses were partially supported. Results showed that participants in the self-criticism induction experienced an increase in their implicit associations with NSSI while implicit associations in the self-compassion condition did not significantly change. These results highlight the importance of self-criticism in NSSI. Future research should examine increases in self-criticism as a potential precursor of NSSI in longitudinal samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Nagy
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States.
| | - Mackenzie L Shanahan
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, United States
| | - Ruth A Baer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chio FHN, Mak WWS, Yu BCL. Meta-analytic review on the differential effects of self-compassion components on well-being and psychological distress: The moderating role of dialecticism on self-compassion. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 85:101986. [PMID: 33667941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although self-compassion has been extensively studied in the recent decades, the representation of self-compassion as a unitary measure or the presence of self-warmth (i.e., presence of the positive components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) and self-coldness (i.e., presence of the negative components: self-judgment, isolation, and mindfulness) remains controversial. Moreover, the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion on mental well-being and psychological distress have not been systematically investigated. To synthesize the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion and to examine how people in different cultures may associate the positive and negative components of self-compassion differentially, the present meta-analysis synthesized 183 effect sizes across 27 cultures. Results showed that the negative components of self-compassion (rs = 0.44 to 0.45) showed greater effect sizes with psychological distress than the positive counterparts (rs = -0.17 to -0.29) whereas the positive components of SCS (rs = 0.29 to.39) showed greater effect sizes with mental well-being than the negative counterparts (rs = -0.29 to -0.36), with the exception of common humanity and isolation (r = 0.29 and - 0.36). Cultural orientation of dialecticism moderated the association between the positive and the negative components of self-compassion, with dialectical cultures showing lower associations between the two opposing components. Findings have implications on the design and implementation of self-compassion interventions cross-culturally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floria H N Chio
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Ben C L Yu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fan YY, Liu J, Zeng YY, Conrad R, Tang YL. Factors Associated With Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Chinese Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:747031. [PMID: 34916971 PMCID: PMC8669619 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents is an increasing public health problem in China. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies on NSSI in Chinese adolescents (between 10 and 19 years) to examine factors associated with NSSI. Twenty-five papers including 30 separate studies with 186,447 participants were included for analysis. The results from a random-effects model showed a weak, but significant overall prediction of NSSI (OR = 1.734). There were significant associations between the following seven factors and NSSI (ranking by the effect sizes, in descending order): adverse life events (OR = 2.284), negative coping style (OR = 2.040), problematic internet use (OR = 2.023), sleep disturbance (OR = 1.734), traumatic experiences (OR = 1.728), problematic parent-child relationship (OR = 1.585), mental health problems (OR = 1.578). Additionally, NSSI sample type moderated these effects. These findings highlight factors significantly associated with NSSI in Chinese adolescents. Parent-child relationship and mental health of the only children and left-behind children in China deserve more attention. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019123508.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-yang Fan
- Department of Public Administration, School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Liu
| | - Yan-yan Zeng
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rachel Conrad
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yi-lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Crowe M, Porter R, Douglas K, Inder M, Lacey C, Jordan J, Wells H. Patients' experiences of cognitive functioning in recurrent depression: A qualitative study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2020; 27:321-329. [PMID: 31981272 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Recurrent depressive episodes involve significant morbidity, suicide risk and recurrent hospitalizations. In both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, there are significant impairments in functioning following resolution of acute symptoms. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper provides an in-depth qualitative understanding of the subjective experience of cognitive impairment following a depressive episode in a recurrent mood disorder. It identifies descriptions of two types of experience (being stuck and being preoccupied with one's thoughts) that led to impairments in concentration, memory, organization and decision-making. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Mental health nurses need to develop an awareness of the impact of cognitive difficulties in the process of recovery from recurrent mood disorders. Mental health nurses need to provide knowledgeable reassurance, information and interventions to people who experience cognitive difficulties to provide a framework of understanding that promotes recovery. ABSTRACT: Introduction People who experience recurrent depressive episodes often have ongoing cognitive problems that impact on their functional recovery. These cognitive difficulties have been identified as impacting on social, interpersonal and occupational functioning and can result in vulnerability to relapse. Aim The aim of this qualitative study was to explore participants' subjective experiences of cognitive impairment after discharge from mental health services following treatment for recurrent depression. Methods The study was designed as a qualitative study in order to best capture participants' subjective experiences. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and were analysed using a process of thematic analysis. Results Twenty participants took part in this study. All participants described experiences of either 1) "being stuck"; or 2) "being preoccupied with own thoughts"; however, all participants described the experiences in the third theme: "it stops you living to your potential." Implications for practice In order to promote recovery in a meaningful way, mental health nurses need to provide information about and strategies for managing cognitive difficulties associated with recurrent mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Crowe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Katie Douglas
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Maree Inder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Cameron Lacey
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Wells
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kurebayashi Y. Effects of self-compassion and self-focus on sleep disturbances among psychiatric nurses. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:474-480. [PMID: 31793686 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research has demonstrated that self-compassion improved sleep in geriatric samples. However, this may be due to an uncontrolled influence from self-focus, or interaction between self-compassion and self-focus. This study examines whether these findings apply to psychiatric nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS Demographics, sleep disturbances, self-compassion, and self-focus of 404 psychiatric nurses were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to predict sleep disturbances. FINDINGS Analyzes revealed that working more night shifts, less self-compassion, and rumination predicted worse sleep quality; however, the effect of self-compassion was not significant when controlling for self-focus. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS An association between sleep quality and self-compassion was observed, but not when controlling for self-focus. Rumination may have an impact on sleep, and reducing it may improve sleep in psychiatric nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kurebayashi
- Faculty of Nursing, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gonzalez-Blanks A, Bridgewater JM, Yates TM. Statistical Approaches for Highly Skewed Data: Evaluating Relations between Maltreatment and Young Adults' Non-Suicidal Self-injury. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 49:147-161. [PMID: 32077745 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1724543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Clinical phenomena often feature skewed distributions with an overabundance of zeros. Unfortunately, empirical methods for dealing with this violation of distributional assumptions underlying regression are typically discussed in statistical journals with limited translation to applied researchers. Therefore, this investigation compared statistical approaches for addressing highly skewed data as applied to the evaluation of relations between child maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Method: College students (N = 2,651; 64.2% female; 85.2% nonwhite) completed the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale and the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation. Statistical models were applied to cross-sectional data to provide illustrative comparisons across predictions to a) raw, highly skewed NSSI outcomes, b) natural log, square-root, and inverse NSSI transformations to reduce skew, c) zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and negative-binomial zero-inflated (NBZI) regression models to account for both disproportionate zeros and skewness in the NSSI data, and d) the skew-t distribution to model NSSI skewness. Results: Child maltreatment was significantly and positively related to NSSI frequency in the raw, transformation, and zero-inflated models, but this relation was negative in the skew-t model. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of using zero-inflated models rather than transformation approaches to address data skew. Moreover, whereas the skew-t distribution has been used to model skewed non-clinical data, this study suggests that the skew-t approach may not be well-suited to address skewed clinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tuppett M Yates
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang Y, Ren Y, Zhu J, You J. Gratitude and hope relate to adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: Mediation through self-compassion and family and school experiences. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Sun R, Ren Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Liu S, You J. Self-compassion and family cohesion moderate the association between suicide ideation and suicide attempts in Chinese adolescents. J Adolesc 2020; 79:103-111. [PMID: 31927450 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many studies have examined risks factors that facilitated the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempts. Few studies, however, have examined protective factors against this transition. The current study thus assessed two protective factors, self-compassion and family cohesion, in buffering the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempts. METHOD A number of 520 Chinese adolescents (43.46% females, mean age = 12.96 years) completed questionnaires assessing self-compassion, family cohesion, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts two times with a 12-month interval. RESULTS Self-compassion significantly moderated the association between Wave 1 SI and later SA. The positive dimension of self-compassion thwarted the transition from SI and SA, and the negative dimension of self-compassion strengthened the associations. In addition, family cohesion also significantly moderated the transition from SI to SA. CONCLUSION Increasing the levels of self-compassion and family cohesion may be the targets for treating adolescents with suicide ideation to prevent them from attempting suicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Sun
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yaxuan Ren
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoan Li
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sihan Liu
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang W, Wu X, Lan X. Rumination mediates the relationships of fear and guilt to posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the Ya'an earthquake. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1704993. [PMID: 32002139 PMCID: PMC6968513 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1704993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although previous research has demonstrated that fear and guilt have an effect on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is still unclear how these two emotions affect posttraumatic growth (PTG). Moreover, few studies have examined the mechanisms by which fear and guilt affect PTSD and PTG. Guided by Lee et al.'s theory of PTSD generation mechanisms and Calhoun and Tedeschi's PTG theory, the current study proposes that intrusive rumination (IR) and deliberate rumination (DR) may play a mediating role in the effects of guilt and fear on PTSD and PTG. Objective: This study aimed to simultaneously examine the mediating roles of IR and DR in the relationship between fear, guilt, PTSD, and PTG. Method: This study employed a two-wave longitudinal design. A total of 408 adolescent survivors were assessed using self-report questionnaires after the Ya'an earthquake in China. Measures were obtained for trauma exposure, subjective fear, survivor guilt, IR, and DR at three and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake (Time 1), while PTSD and PTG were assessed at time point four and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake (Time 2). Results: The results showed that both fear and guilt had a direct and positive effect on PTSD and PTG. Fear and guilt were positive predictors of PTSD and negative predictors of PTG through the mediating variable of IR. DR mediated the relationship between guilt and PTG but not PTSD, and also mediated the relationship between IR and PTG. Conclusions: Study findings indicate that fear, guilt, and intrusive rumination may contribute to PTSD symptoms in adolescent trauma survivors. Results also suggest that adolescent survivors can grow emotionally and psychologically following traumatic events, and that directed rumination may contribute to such growth. Interventions that reduce fear, guilt, and intrusive rumination while increasing directed rumination may assist adolescent trauma survivors in recovery and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sagiv E, Gvion Y. A multi factorial model of self-harm behaviors in Anorexia-nervosa and Bulimia-nervosa. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 96:152142. [PMID: 31726288 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-existence of eating disorders and NSSI, suicide attempts and ideations is well established yet much is not known about the personality traits and behavioral tendencies that maintain this relationship. To this date no empirical work has been produced that offers a multifactorial view on the contributing variables to the occurrence of self-harm behaviors in EDs. METHOD Binge eating, depression, impulsivity, ruminations and loss aversion were assessed in a sample of 93 patients diagnosed with Anorexia-Nervosa and Bulimia-Nervosa and other EDs with a history of NSSI and suicide attempts. RESULTS Binge eating was found to be a predictor of depression, which in turn was found to be related to NSSI frequency, suicide attempts and suicide ideations. Ruminations were found to mediate a relationship between depression and suicide ideations. Trait impulsivity predicted suicide attempts, while the attentional construct of impulsivity was associated to suicide ideations as well as attempts. Higher loss aversion was positively associated with NSSI frequency and suicide ideations. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that trait and state aspects of impulsivity are related to different self-harm behaviors in EDs. Exploring these differences is potentially of great value in understanding the process of transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt and the process of NSSI and may assist clinicians formulate better interventions for patients with EDs at risk. Ways in which individual findings in our model correspond with previous research and future implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Sagiv
- Bar Ilan University, Sheba tel hashomer medical center, Israel.
| | - Yari Gvion
- Bar Ilan University, Sheba tel hashomer medical center, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Exploring the case for research on incorporating psychedelics within interventions for borderline personality disorder. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
35
|
Towards an Explanatory Model of Suicidal Ideation: The Effects of Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies, Affectivity and Hopelessness. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 22:E43. [DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2019.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Suicide constitutes a public health problem that has a significant economic, social and psychological impact on a global scale. Recently, the American Psychological Association has indicated that suicide prevention should be a public health priority. Suicidal ideation appears as a key variable in suicide prevention. The objective of this research was to verify the adjustment of an explanatory model for suicidal ideation, which considers the effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, affectivity and hopelessness. An open mode on-line sample of 2,166 Argentine participants was used and a path analysis was carried out. The results make it possible to conclude that the model presents an optimal fit (χ2 = .10, p = .75, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .01) and predicts 42% of suicidal thoughts. The model proves to be invariant based on age and gender. In conclusion, there is an importance of reducing the use of automatic strategies, such as repetitive negative thoughts of ruminative type, and increasing the use of more controlled strategies, such as reinterpretation or planning.
Collapse
|