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Bayliss J, Bittencourt-Silva GB, Branch WR, Bruessow C, Collins S, Congdon TCE, Conradie W, Curran M, Daniels SR, Darbyshire I, Farooq H, Fishpool L, Grantham G, Magombo Z, Matimele H, Monadjem A, Monteiro J, Osborne J, Saunders J, Smith P, Spottiswoode CN, Taylor PJ, Timberlake J, Tolley KA, Tovela É, Platts PJ. A biogeographical appraisal of the threatened South East Africa Montane Archipelago ecoregion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5971. [PMID: 38472297 PMCID: PMC10933300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent biological surveys of ancient inselbergs in southern Malawi and northern Mozambique have led to the discovery and description of many species new to science, and overlapping centres of endemism across multiple taxa. Combining these endemic taxa with data on geology and climate, we propose the 'South East Africa Montane Archipelago' (SEAMA) as a distinct ecoregion of global biological importance. The ecoregion encompasses 30 granitic inselbergs reaching > 1000 m above sea level, hosting the largest (Mt Mabu) and smallest (Mt Lico) mid-elevation rainforests in southern Africa, as well as biologically unique montane grasslands. Endemic taxa include 127 plants, 45 vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and 45 invertebrate species (butterflies, freshwater crabs), and two endemic genera of plants and reptiles. Existing dated phylogenies of endemic animal lineages suggests this endemism arose from divergence events coinciding with repeated isolation of these mountains from the pan-African forests, together with the mountains' great age and relative climatic stability. Since 2000, the SEAMA has lost 18% of its primary humid forest cover (up to 43% in some sites)-one of the highest deforestation rates in Africa. Urgently rectifying this situation, while addressing the resource needs of local communities, is a global priority for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Bayliss
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
- African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, 0800, Kenya.
- Rede Para Gestão Comunitária de Recursos Naturais (ReGeCom), Maputo, Mozambique.
| | | | - William R Branch
- Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld), P.O. Box 13147, Humewood, 6013, South Africa
| | - Carl Bruessow
- Mount Mulanje Conservation Trust, P.O. Box 139, Mulanje, Malawi
| | - Steve Collins
- African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, 0800, Kenya
| | - T Colin E Congdon
- African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, 0800, Kenya
| | - Werner Conradie
- Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld), P.O. Box 13147, Humewood, 6013, South Africa
- Department of Nature Conservation Management, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa
| | - Michael Curran
- Department of Food System Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, P.O. Box 219, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Savel R Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | | | - Harith Farooq
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lúrio University, Pemba, Mozambique
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lincoln Fishpool
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Geoffrey Grantham
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zacharia Magombo
- National Herbarium and Botanical Gardens of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Hermenegildo Matimele
- Herbarium, Instituto de Investigaçao Agraria de Moçambique, P.O.Box 3658, Maputo, Mozambique
- DICE, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 163 Orlando Mendes Street, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Jose Monteiro
- Rede Para Gestão Comunitária de Recursos Naturais (ReGeCom), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jo Osborne
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Justin Saunders
- Africa Bees Ltd, Belgrave House, 39-43 Monument Hill, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 8RN, UK
| | - Paul Smith
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK
| | - Claire N Spottiswoode
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Afromontane Research Unit and Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Krystal A Tolley
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, Private Bag X7, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Érica Tovela
- Museu de História Natural, Praça Travessia do Zambeze, 104, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Philip J Platts
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
- BeZero Carbon Ltd, 25 Christopher Street, London, E2, UK
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Clements HS, Do Linh San E, Hempson G, Linden B, Maritz B, Monadjem A, Reynolds C, Siebert F, Stevens N, Biggs R, De Vos A, Blanchard R, Child M, Esler KJ, Hamann M, Loft T, Reyers B, Selomane O, Skowno AL, Tshoke T, Abdoulaye D, Aebischer T, Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Alexander GJ, Ali AH, Allan DG, Amoako EE, Angedakin S, Aruna E, Avenant NL, Badjedjea G, Bakayoko A, Bamba-Kaya A, Bates MF, Bates PJJ, Belmain SR, Bennitt E, Bradley J, Brewster CA, Brown MB, Brown M, Bryja J, Butynski TM, Carvalho F, Channing A, Chapman CA, Cohen C, Cords M, Cramer JD, Cronk N, Cunneyworth PMK, Dalerum F, Danquah E, Davies-Mostert HT, de Blocq AD, De Jong YA, Demos TC, Denys C, Djagoun CAMS, Doherty-Bone TM, Drouilly M, du Toit JT, Ehlers Smith DA, Ehlers Smith YC, Eiseb SJ, Fashing PJ, Ferguson AW, Fernández-García JM, Finckh M, Fischer C, Gandiwa E, Gaubert P, Gaugris JY, Gibbs DJ, Gilchrist JS, Gil-Sánchez JM, Githitho AN, Goodman PS, Granjon L, Grobler JP, Gumbi BC, Gvozdik V, Harvey J, Hauptfleisch M, Hayder F, Hema EM, Herbst M, Houngbédji M, Huntley BJ, Hutterer R, Ivande ST, Jackson K, Jongsma GFM, Juste J, Kadjo B, Kaleme PK, Kamugisha E, Kaplin BA, Kato HN, Kiffner C, Kimuyu DM, Kityo RM, Kouamé NG, Kouete T M, le Roux A, Lee ATK, Lötter MC, Lykke AM, MacFadyen DN, Macharia GP, Madikiza ZJK, Mahlaba TAM, Mallon D, Mamba ML, Mande C, Marchant RA, Maritz RA, Markotter W, McIntyre T, Measey J, Mekonnen A, Meller P, Melville HI, Mganga KZ, Mills MGL, Minnie L, Missoup AD, Mohammad A, Moinde NN, Moise BFE, Monterroso P, Moore JF, Musila S, Nago SGA, Namoto MW, Niang F, Nicolas V, Nkenku JB, Nkrumah EE, Nono GL, Norbert MM, Nowak K, Obitte BC, Okoni-Williams AD, Onongo J, O'Riain MJ, Osinubi ST, Parker DM, Parrini F, Peel MJS, Penner J, Pietersen DW, Plumptre AJ, Ponsonby DW, Porembski S, Power RJ, Radloff FGT, Rambau RV, Ramesh T, Richards LR, Rödel MO, Rollinson DP, Rovero F, Saleh MA, Schmiedel U, Schoeman MC, Scholte P, Serfass TL, Shapiro JT, Shema S, Siebert SJ, Slingsby JA, Sliwa A, Smit-Robinson HA, Sogbohossou EA, Somers MJ, Spawls S, Streicher JP, Swanepoel L, Tanshi I, Taylor PJ, Taylor WA, Te Beest M, Telfer PT, Thompson DI, Tobi E, Tolley KA, Turner AA, Twine W, Van Cakenberghe V, Van de Perre F, van der Merwe H, van Niekerk CJG, van Wyk PCV, Venter JA, Verburgt L, Veron G, Vetter S, Vorontsova MS, Wagner TC, Webala PW, Weber N, Weier SM, White PA, Whitecross MA, Wigley BJ, Willems FJ, Winterbach CW, Woodhouse GM. The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa's major land uses. Sci Data 2024; 11:191. [PMID: 38346970 PMCID: PMC10861571 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species' population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate 'intactness scores': the remaining proportion of an 'intact' reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: ±5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (±45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region's major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.) and intensities (e.g., large-scale vs smallholder cropland). This dataset was co-produced as part of the Biodiversity Intactness Index for Africa Project. Additional uses include assessing ecosystem condition; rectifying geographic/taxonomic biases in global biodiversity indicators and maps; and informing the Red List of Ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley S Clements
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
- Helsinki Lab of Interdisciplinary Conservation Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Emmanuel Do Linh San
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Gareth Hempson
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Birthe Linden
- Chair in Biodiversity Value & Change, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Bryan Maritz
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chevonne Reynolds
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frances Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nicola Stevens
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Reinette Biggs
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alta De Vos
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Ryan Blanchard
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Fynbos Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew Child
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen J Esler
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Maike Hamann
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Ty Loft
- School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Reyers
- Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Odirilwe Selomane
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew L Skowno
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tshegofatso Tshoke
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | | | - Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Alexander
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - David G Allan
- Bird Department, Durban Natural Science Museum, Durban, South Africa
| | - Esther E Amoako
- Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Samuel Angedakin
- Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edward Aruna
- Biodiversity Conservation, Reptile and Amphibian Program - Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Nico L Avenant
- Department of Mammalogy, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gabriel Badjedjea
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Kisangani/Biodiversity Monitoring Center, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Adama Bakayoko
- UFR Sciences de la Nature, Universite NanguiI Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Abraham Bamba-Kaya
- Institut de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestières (IRAF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Michael F Bates
- Department of Animal and Plant Systematics, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Steven R Belmain
- Agriculture, Health and Environment, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Bennitt
- Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana
| | - James Bradley
- Kalahari Research and Conservation, Botswana, Botswana
| | | | | | - Michelle Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Josef Bryja
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas M Butynski
- Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Filipe Carvalho
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- BIOPOLIS-CIBIO/InBIO, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan Channing
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Callan Cohen
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Marina Cords
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nadine Cronk
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Fredrik Dalerum
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Biodiversity Research Institute (CSIC-UO-PA), Mieres, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Danquah
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Harriet T Davies-Mostert
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Conserve Global, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yvonne A De Jong
- Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Terrence C Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Chabi A M S Djagoun
- Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Thomas M Doherty-Bone
- Conservation Programs, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marine Drouilly
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa (iCWild), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Social Science Research (CSSR), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Panthera, New York, USA
| | - Johan T du Toit
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - David A Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Yvette C Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Seth J Eiseb
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Peter J Fashing
- Anthropology Department & Environmental Studies Program, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, United States of America
| | - Adam W Ferguson
- Gantz Family Collection Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Manfred Finckh
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claude Fischer
- Nature Management, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Edson Gandiwa
- Scientific Services, Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Philippe Gaubert
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, IRD/CNRS/UPS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, cedex, 9, France
| | - Jerome Y Gaugris
- Flora Fauna & Man, Ecological Services Limited, Tortola, British Virgin Islands
| | | | - Jason S Gilchrist
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Granjon
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Paul Grobler
- Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Bonginkosi C Gumbi
- Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Vaclav Gvozdik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Morgan Hauptfleisch
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Firas Hayder
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel M Hema
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (UFR-SAT), Université de Dédougou, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Marna Herbst
- Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mariano Houngbédji
- Organisation pour le Développement Durable et la Biodiversité, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Brian J Huntley
- CIBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, Vairao, Portugal
| | | | - Samuel T Ivande
- A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute (APLORI), University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kate Jackson
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, USA
| | | | - Javier Juste
- Evolutionary Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Seville, Spain; CIBER, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blaise Kadjo
- Natural habitats and biodiversity management, University Félix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Prince K Kaleme
- Department of Biology, CRSN/ LWIRO, DS Bukavu, DR Congo, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Beth A Kaplin
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Humphrey N Kato
- Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Christian Kiffner
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Duncan M Kimuyu
- Department of Natural Resources, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya
| | - Robert M Kityo
- Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - N'goran G Kouamé
- UFR Environnement, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Marcel Kouete T
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Aliza le Roux
- Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | - Alan T K Lee
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Mervyn C Lötter
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Duncan N MacFadyen
- Research and Conservation, Oppenheimer Generations, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Zimkitha J K Madikiza
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - David Mallon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mnqobi L Mamba
- Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
| | - Claude Mande
- Department of Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Rob A Marchant
- York institute for Tropical Ecosystems, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Robin A Maritz
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Conservation Alpha, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Trevor McIntyre
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, UMR7179, China
- MECADEV CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée, Paris, France
| | - Addisu Mekonnen
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Paulina Meller
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haemish I Melville
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Kevin Z Mganga
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G L Mills
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Liaan Minnie
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Alain Didier Missoup
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Zoology Unit, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Abubakr Mohammad
- Researcher, Conflict and Environmental Observatory, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy N Moinde
- Conservation Biology, Institute of Primate Research-National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Pedro Monterroso
- Wildlife Conservation Ecology Research Group, CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairã, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- African Parks, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Simon Musila
- Mammalogy Section-Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sedjro Gilles A Nago
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, de Botanique et de Biologie végétale, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Maganizo W Namoto
- Indigenous Woodland Strategy Area, Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Fatimata Niang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Technology and Sciences, University Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Jerry B Nkenku
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Evans E Nkrumah
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gonwouo L Nono
- Department of Animal Biologie and Physiologie, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Mulavwa M Norbert
- Primatology, Center for Research in Ecology and Forestry (CREF), Bikoro, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Katarzyna Nowak
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Benneth C Obitte
- Small Mammal Conservation Organization, Benin City, Nigeria
- Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, United States of America
| | | | | | - M Justin O'Riain
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Samuel T Osinubi
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Daniel M Parker
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Francesca Parrini
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mike J S Peel
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Animal Production Institute, Rangeland Ecology, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences: Department of Environmental Sciences (ABEERU), University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johannes Penner
- Frogs & Friends, Berlin, Germany
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology & Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Darren W Pietersen
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew J Plumptre
- KBA Secretariat, c/o BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Damian W Ponsonby
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Porembski
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Botany, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - R John Power
- Department of Economic Development, Environment, Conservation & Tourism, North West Provincial Government, Mahikeng, South Africa
| | - Frans G T Radloff
- Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ramugondo V Rambau
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tharmalingam Ramesh
- Division of Conservation Ecology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, India
| | - Leigh R Richards
- Mammalogy Department, Durban Natural Science Museum, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Herpetology, Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominic P Rollinson
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | - M Corrie Schoeman
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Paul Scholte
- Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Thomas L Serfass
- Department of Biology and Natural Resources, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, USA
| | - Julie Teresa Shapiro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sidney Shema
- Ornithology Section, Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stefan J Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jasper A Slingsby
- Fynbos Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biological Sciences and Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Hanneline A Smit-Robinson
- Conservation Division, BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Applied Behavioural Ecological & Ecosystem Research Unit (ABEERU), University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | | | - Michael J Somers
- Mammal Research Institute, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Jarryd P Streicher
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Lourens Swanepoel
- Department of Biology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Iroro Tanshi
- Small Mammal Conservation Organization, Benin City, Nigeria
- Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | - Dave I Thompson
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Ndlovu Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Phalaborwa, South Africa
| | - Elie Tobi
- Gabon Biodiversity Program, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Gamba, Gabon
| | - Krystal A Tolley
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew A Turner
- Biodiversity Capabilities Directorate, CapeNature, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wayne Twine
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Victor Van Cakenberghe
- FunMorph Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- AfricanBats NPC, Centurion, South Africa
| | | | - Helga van der Merwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Arid Lands Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Kimberley, South Africa
| | - Chris J G van Niekerk
- NWU Botanical Garden, School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Pieter C V van Wyk
- Richtersveld Desert Botanical Gardens, Richtersveld National Park, SANParks, Sendelingsdrift, South Africa
| | - Jan A Venter
- Department of Conservation Management, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa
| | - Luke Verburgt
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Geraldine Veron
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Susanne Vetter
- Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Maria S Vorontsova
- Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C Wagner
- Restoration Ecology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Natalie Weber
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Ecological Consultant, Fürth, Germany
| | - Sina M Weier
- SARChI (NRF-DST) Research Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Paula A White
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Melissa A Whitecross
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Landscape Conservation Programme, BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Benjamin J Wigley
- Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- School of Natural Resource Management, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza, South Africa
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Taylor PJ, Nengovhela A, Denys C, Scott GR, Ivy CM. Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents. Integr Zool 2024; 19:165-181. [PMID: 38044327 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of rodents. From reviewed and new data, we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents, from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly related African murid (soft-furred mice, Praomyini, laminate-toothed rats, Otomyini, and gerbils, Gerbillinae) clades and one North American cricetid (deer mice and white-footed mice, Peromyscus) clade. Recent studies demonstrated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea (enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae) and on endocranial volume (reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus). However, contrary to our predictions, we did not find evidence of convergence in brain structure to aridity, or in the olfactory/respiratory system (turbinate bones) to high elevation. Brain structure differed, particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs, between Otomyini and Gerbillinae, with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent (not convergent) from other species in the same clade. We observed greater "packing" of the maxillary turbinate bones, which have important respiratory functions, in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini, but more complex patterns within Peromyscus, probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Taylor
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Afromontane Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | | | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université Des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine M Ivy
- Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Hutton P, Kelly J, Taylor CDJ, Williams B, Emsley R, Alexander CH, Vikram A, Saddington D, McCann A, Burke J, Eliasson E, Harper S, Karatzias T, Taylor PJ, Watson A, Dougall N, Stavert J, O'Rourke S, Glasgow A, Murphy R, Palmer K, Zaidi N, Bidwell P, Pritchard J, Carr L, Woodrow A. Correction: Accelerating the development of a psychological intervention to restore treatment decision‑making capacity in patients with schizophrenia‑spectrum disorder: a study protocol for a multi‑site, assessor‑blinded, pilot Umbrella trial (the DEC:IDES trial). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:142. [PMID: 37580805 PMCID: PMC10424412 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hutton
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
- Edinburgh Research & Innovation Centre for Complex and Acute Mental Health Problems, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - James Kelly
- Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Christopher D J Taylor
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton‑Under‑Lyne, UK
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian Williams
- School of Health, Social Care & Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anvita Vikram
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton‑Under‑Lyne, UK
| | | | - Andrea McCann
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Joseph Burke
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma Eliasson
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Research Scotland Mental Health Network, Edinburgh, UK
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sean Harper
- Edinburgh Research & Innovation Centre for Complex and Acute Mental Health Problems, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Research & Innovation Centre for Complex and Acute Mental Health Problems, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Nadine Dougall
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jill Stavert
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suzanne O'Rourke
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Karen Palmer
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Nosheen Zaidi
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Polly Bidwell
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | | | - Lucy Carr
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton‑Under‑Lyne, UK
| | - Amanda Woodrow
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Research & Innovation Centre for Complex and Acute Mental Health Problems, Edinburgh, UK
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Hutton P, Kelly J, Taylor CDJ, Williams B, Emsley R, Alexander CH, Vikram A, Saddington D, McCann A, Burke J, Eliasson E, Harper S, Karatzias T, Taylor PJ, Watson A, Dougall N, Stavert J, O'Rourke S, Glasgow A, Murphy R, Palmer K, Zaidi N, Bidwell P, Pritchard J, Carr L, Woodrow A. Accelerating the development of a psychological intervention to restore treatment decision-making capacity in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder: a study protocol for a multi-site, assessor-blinded, pilot Umbrella trial (the DEC:IDES trial). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:117. [PMID: 37422659 PMCID: PMC10329297 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high proportion of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders will at some point in their lives be assessed as not having the capacity to make their own decisions about pharmacological treatment or inpatient care ('capacity'). Few will be helped to regain it before these interventions proceed. This is partly because effective and safe methods to do so are lacking. Our aim is to accelerate their development by testing, for the first time in mental healthcare, the feasibility, acceptability and safety of running an 'Umbrella' trial. This involves running, concurrently and under one multi-site infrastructure, multiple assessor-blind randomised controlled trials, each of which is designed to examine the effect on capacity of improving a single psychological mechanism ('mechanism'). Our primary objectives are to demonstrate feasibility of (i) recruitment and (ii) data retention on the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Treatment (MacCAT-T; planned primary outcome for a future trial) at end-of-treatment. We selected three mechanisms to test: 'self-stigma', low self-esteem and the 'jumping to conclusions' bias. Each is highly prevalent in psychosis, responsive to psychological intervention, and hypothesised to contribute to impaired capacity. METHODS Sixty participants with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses, impaired capacity and one or more mechanism(s) will be recruited from outpatient and inpatient mental health services in three UK sites (Lothian, Scotland; Lancashire and Pennine; North West England). Those lacking capacity to consent to research could take part if the key criteria were met, including either proxy consent (Scotland) or favourable Consultee advice (England). They will be allocated to one of three randomised controlled trials, depending on which mechanism(s) they have. They will then be randomised to receive, over an 8-week period and in addition to treatment as usual (TAU), 6 sessions of either a psychological intervention which targets the mechanism, or 6 sessions of assessment of the causes of their incapacity (control condition). Participants are assessed at 0 (baseline), 8 (end-of-treatment) and 24 (follow-up) weeks post-randomisation using measures of capacity (MacCAT-T), mechanism, adverse events, psychotic symptoms, subjective recovery, quality of life, service use, anxiety, core schemata and depression. Two nested qualitative studies will be conducted; one to understand participant and clinician experiences and one to investigate the validity of MacCAT-T appreciation ratings. DISCUSSION This will be the first Umbrella trial in mental healthcare. It will produce the first 3 single-blind randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions to support treatment decision-making in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Demonstrating feasibility will have significant implications not only for those seeking to support capacity in psychosis, but also for those who wish to accelerate the development of psychological interventions for other conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04309435 . Pre-registered on 16 March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hutton
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
- Edinburgh Research & Innovation Centre for Complex and Acute Mental Health Problems, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - James Kelly
- Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Christopher D J Taylor
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-Under-Lyne, UK
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian Williams
- School of Health, Social Care & Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anvita Vikram
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-Under-Lyne, UK
| | | | - Andrea McCann
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Joseph Burke
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma Eliasson
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Research Scotland Mental Health Network, Edinburgh, UK
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sean Harper
- Edinburgh Research & Innovation Centre for Complex and Acute Mental Health Problems, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Research & Innovation Centre for Complex and Acute Mental Health Problems, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Nadine Dougall
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jill Stavert
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suzanne O'Rourke
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Karen Palmer
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Nosheen Zaidi
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Polly Bidwell
- Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | | | - Lucy Carr
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-Under-Lyne, UK
| | - Amanda Woodrow
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Research & Innovation Centre for Complex and Acute Mental Health Problems, Edinburgh, UK
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Nengovhela A, Ivy CM, Scott GR, Denys C, Taylor PJ. Counter-gradient variation and the expensive tissue hypothesis explain parallel brain size reductions at high elevation in cricetid and murid rodents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5617. [PMID: 37024565 PMCID: PMC10079977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand functional morphological adaptations to high elevation (> 3000 m above sea level) life in both North American and African mountain-associated rodents, we used microCT scanning to acquire 3D images and a 3D morphometric approach to calculate endocranial volumes and skull lengths. This was done on 113 crania of low-elevation and high-elevation populations in species of North American cricetid mice (two Peromyscus species, n = 53), and African murid rodents of two tribes, Otomyini (five species, n = 49) and Praomyini (four species, n = 11). We tested two distinct hypotheses for how endocranial volume might vary in high-elevation populations: the expensive tissue hypothesis, which predicts that brain and endocranial volumes will be reduced to lessen the costs of growing and maintaining a large brain; and the brain-swelling hypothesis, which predicts that endocranial volumes will be increased either as a direct phenotypic effect or as an adaptation to accommodate brain swelling and thus minimize pathological symptoms of altitude sickness. After correcting for general allometric variation in cranial size, we found that in both North American Peromyscus mice and African laminate-toothed (Otomys) rats, highland rodents had smaller endocranial volumes than lower-elevation rodents, consistent with the expensive tissue hypothesis. In the former group, Peromyscus mice, crania were obtained not just from wild-caught mice from high and low elevations but also from those bred in common-garden laboratory conditions from parents caught from either high or low elevations. Our results in these mice showed that brain size responses to elevation might have a strong genetic basis, which counters an opposite but weaker environmental effect on brain volume. These results potentially suggest that selection may act to reduce brain volume across small mammals at high elevations but further experiments are needed to assess the generality of this conclusion and the nature of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluwani Nengovhela
- Department of Mammalogy, National Museum, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Catherine M Ivy
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP51, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Afromontane Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
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Montgelard C, Muller T, Arnal V, Maree S, Taylor PJ, Sands AF, Robinson TJ, Matthee CA. Diversification and evolutionary history of the African laminated-toothed rats (Rodentia, Otomyini). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 183:107779. [PMID: 37019420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The African continent was subjected to periodic climatic shifts during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. These habitat changes greatly affected the evolutionary processes and tempo of diversification in numerous, widely distributed mammals. The Otomyini (Family Muridae) comprises three African rodent genera, Parotomys, Otomys and Myotomys, characterized by unique laminated-shaped molars. Species within this tribe generally prefer open-habitat and show low dispersal capabilities, with previous studies suggesting that their diversification was closely associated with climatic oscillations over the last four million years. Our phylogenetic reconstructions, based on three mitochondrial (mtDNA) genes (Cytb, COI and 12S) and four nuclear introns (EF, SPTBN, MGF and THY), identified eight major genetic clades that are distributed across southern, eastern and western Africa. Our data permit the re-examination of the taxonomic status of the three genera as well as the previously proposed mesic-arid dichotomy of the 10 South African species. Moreover, multiple mtDNA species delimitation methods incorporating 168 specimens estimated the number of Otomyini species to be substantially higher than the ∼30 recognized, suggesting that the current taxonomy will necessitate an integrative approach to delimit extant species diversity within the Otomyini. The data suggests that the origin of the tribe can be dated back to ∼5.7 million years ago (Ma) in southern Africa. The distribution and phylogenetic associations among the eight major otomyine evolutionary lineages can best be explained by several waves of northward colonization from southern Africa, complemented by independent reversed dispersals from eastern back to southern Africa at different time periods. There is strong support for the hypothesis that the radiation, dispersion, and diversification of the otomyine rodents is closely linked to recent Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations.
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Haw R, Hartley S, Trelfa S, Taylor PJ. A systematic review and meta-ethnography to explore people's experiences of psychotherapy for self-harm. Br J Clin Psychol 2023; 62:392-410. [PMID: 36883196 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm is a major public health concern. Lifetime prevalence is high, and rates of self-harm are rising; however, available interventions do not benefit everyone, and engagement with therapy can be low. Qualitative accounts allow for a greater understanding of what is helpful to individuals. This study aimed to synthesize the experiences of interventions for self-harm, from participants who have participated in these themselves. METHODS Participants had self-harmed at least once and undergone an individual psychotherapeutic intervention for self-harm. Papers not written or translated to the English language were excluded. Four databases (Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO) were systematically searched and each paper was assessed using the CASP quality appraisal tool. A meta-ethnographic approach to the synthesis was taken. RESULTS Ten studies encompassing 104 participants were included. Four overarching themes were developed and the importance of recognizing the person beyond the self-harm emerged through a line of argument synthesis. Building a trusted, therapeutic relationship founded on patience and without judgement was essential for the perceived success of therapy, which was unique to each person and often went beyond reducing self-harming behaviours. LIMITATIONS Papers included in the study showed a lack of diversity with regard to ethnicity and gender. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate the importance of the therapeutic alliance when working with self-harm. Clinical implications of this paper include the importance of utilizing key therapeutic competencies which should be considered fundamental to change within psychotherapeutic interventions for self-harm, with the uniqueness of each patient recognized throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Haw
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Samantha Hartley
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Bradford District Care Trust, Shipley, UK
| | | | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Anders M, Grass I, Linden VMG, Taylor PJ, Westphal C. Smart orchard design improves crop pollination. J Appl Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Anders
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - Valerie M. G. Linden
- School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - Peter J. Taylor
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Göttingen Goettingen Germany
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Wan KL, Froomes P, Mazurkijevic LJ, Knezovich T, Dennis K, Bartlett E, Chia NL, Williams MG, Taylor PJ, Lu ZX, Wijeratne N, McNeil A, Lau C, Kulkarni AR, Mina KD. Genetic testing in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency – to sequence or not. Pathology 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.12.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Brown AC, Latham C, Danquah AN, Dunlop BJ, Taylor PJ. "Cover up your arms, you're triggering people": A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Shame in those who Self-Injure. Psychol Psychother 2022; 95:701-716. [PMID: 35411671 PMCID: PMC9543642 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shame can be a powerfully aversive emotion that is associated with a wide variety of mental health difficulties including non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study used a novel mixed-methods design (Qualitative Experiential Sequence Tracking; QUEST) to investigate the experiences of shame in a sample of individuals who self-injure. METHODS Six participants received prompts to complete brief online diaries three times per day over a period of 2 weeks. These diaries captured information about the experience of negative emotions, especially shame. Participants then underwent an individualised qualitative interview about their experiences over the previous 2 weeks. RESULTS Thematic analysis suggested that participants experienced shame as a social and relational emotion. Further themes included shame being associated with feelings of failure, being trapped, dangerous or contaminated, and hidden or exposed. The phenomenology of shame, and coping with shame, were also themes. NSSI could occur as a response to shame, but often shame was triggered or exacerbated by the responses of others to NSSI. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous research, shame was described as an aversive emotion occurring within interpersonal and broader societal contexts and involving a negative self-focus. A lack of compassion or understanding in response to NSSI, or anticipation of negative responses from others often triggered more intense shame than the NSSI itself. Future studies could use QUEST methodology with more diverse samples or different populations to further investigate experiences of shame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Brown
- Division of Psychology & Mental HealthSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | | | - Adam N. Danquah
- Division of Psychology & Mental HealthSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Brendan J. Dunlop
- Division of Psychology & Mental HealthSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Peter J. Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental HealthSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
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12
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Cory-Toussaint D, Taylor PJ. Anthropogenic Light, Noise, and Vegetation Cover Differentially Impact Different Foraging Guilds of Bat on an Opencast Mine in South Africa. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.752665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are known to be sensitive to changes in their environment. The impact of natural vegetation cover, artificial light intensity and noise (dBA) were investigated on the bat community on the opencast Venetia diamond mine using mixed-effects models. Clutter-feeding bats were virtually absent compared to surrounding natural habitats, suggesting the negative impact of vegetation removal and/or light and/or noise pollution. Mixed-effect models revealed that natural vegetation was the most important factor impacting species richness and overall bat activity. In general, bat activity of both open-air and clutter-edge foragers was negatively impacted over areas close to mining operations that were devoid of vegetation cover. Artificial light only significantly affected feeding activity with less feeding activity in the lit areas. Anthropogenic noise had no significant impact on bat activity and species richness. Our study highlights the importance of vegetation cover and the complexity of the interaction between bats and the environment incorporating anthropogenic factors (artificial lighting, continuous noise, and habitat degradation) and natural factors such as minimum temperature, moon phase, and season that confound trends in bat species richness and responses in relation to opencast mining.
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13
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Dunlop BJ, Coleman SE, Hartley S, Carter LA, Taylor PJ. Self-injury in young bisexual people: A microlongitudinal investigation (SIBL) of thwarted belongingness and self-esteem on non-suicidal self-injury. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:317-328. [PMID: 34890052 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisexual people are at an elevated risk for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Psychological factors including self-esteem and thwarted belongingness may help explain this risk. The aim of the current study was to investigate associations between self-esteem, thwarted belongingness and NSSI urges and behavior in young bisexual people. METHODS Participants aged 16-25 from 25 countries took part in this microlongitudinal online survey study (N = 207). Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression were used for analysis, given the nested structure of data. Analysis examined the relationship between self-esteem and thwarted belongingness on NSSI urges and behavior at the same point in time, and lagged by one week. RESULTS At the same timepoint, self-esteem and thwarted belongingness both had significant between- and within-person associations with NSSI urges and behavior. For lagged models, self-esteem had significant between-person effects on urges, and thwarted belongingness had significant within-person effects. For NSSI behavior, both variables were only associated with between-person effects. CONCLUSION Findings support previous research suggesting the importance of self-esteem in explaining NSSI among sexual minorities. Preventative and intervention strategies to improve self-esteem may help reduce NSSI risk. Future studies should focus upon the experiences of bisexual people with intersecting identities and ensure that studies are statistically powered from inception to detect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Dunlop
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sophie E Coleman
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samantha Hartley
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-Under-Lyne, UK
| | - Lesley-Anne Carter
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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14
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Linden B, Dalton DL, Van Wyk A, de Jager D, Moodley Y, Taylor PJ. Potential drivers of samango monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis) population subdivision in a highly fragmented mountain landscape in northern South Africa. Primates 2022; 63:245-260. [PMID: 35226214 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-022-00981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Forests affected by fragmentation are at risk of losing their primate populations over the long term. The impact of fragmentation on primate populations has been studied in several places in Africa, Asia and South America; however, there has been no discernible pattern of how primates react to forest disturbance and fragmentation. In fragmented habitats, the local extinction probability of a species increases due to a decrease in patch area and an increase in genetic isolation. Here we used microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA sequences to investigate how habitat fragmentation impacts on the genetic diversity and structure of a samango monkey population inhabiting forest patches in the Soutpansberg mountain range of northern South Africa. We sampled four local populations across the length of the mountain range and an additional outlying population from the Great Escarpment to the south. Our results indicate that local populations along the mountain range were historically more connected and less distinct than at present. In more recent times, a lack of contemporary gene flow is leading to a more pronounced genetic structure, causing population subdivision across the mountain and likely isolating the Soutpansberg population from the escarpment population to the south. Based on our results, we suggest that natural and anthropogenic fragmentation are driving population genetic differentiation, and that the matrix surrounding forests and their suitability for samango monkey utilisation play a role at the local scale. The degree of genetic isolation found for samango monkey populations in our study raises concerns about the long-term viability of populations across the mountain range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Linden
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa. .,Lajuma Research Centre, P.O. Box 522, Louis Trichardt, 0920, South Africa.
| | - Desiré L Dalton
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough,, TS1 3BA, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Van Wyk
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Molecular Ecology and Evolution Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Deon de Jager
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Yoshan Moodley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Peter J Taylor
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.,School of Life Sciences, Biological Sciences Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, Durban, 3630, South Africa.,Zoology and Entomology Department, University of the Free State, Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa
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15
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Knagg H, Pratt D, Taylor PJ, Palmier-Claus J. A positive mental imagery intervention for targeting suicidal ideation in university students: A pilot study. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1392-1402. [PMID: 35122355 PMCID: PMC9542303 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Suicide is a major public health concern and is now considered to be the leading cause of death in young people. Suicidal ideation within student populations has recently increased. The Broad‐Minded Affective Coping (BMAC) offers a brief psychological intervention targeting suicidal ideation by enabling access to competing positive emotions and thoughts using guided imagery. Its acceptability and feasibility in student populations are unclear. Design A single arm pilot study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a six‐session BMAC intervention for university students experiencing suicidal ideation. Method Recruitment took place from university counselling services. Suicidal ideation and emotional states were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. Participants also completed corresponding sessional measures. Results Twelve eligible participants consented to take part with 11 receiving the intervention. Ten participants completed post treatment and follow up assessments. Retention to treatment was high with participants attending an average of 5.2 (87%; SD = 1.54) out of six intervention sessions. There were also good completion rates of the BMAC technique between sessions. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. There was an associated reduction across a range of clinical outcomes, including suicidal ideation, with large effect sizes. Discussion This pilot study showed promising results on the feasibility and acceptability of the BMAC intervention in students experiencing suicidal ideation. However, the study had a small sample size and no comparator control group. Further exploration of the BMAC intervention is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Knagg
- Centre for New Treatments and Understanding in Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Pratt
- Centre for New Treatments and Understanding in Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Centre for New Treatments and Understanding in Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jasper Palmier-Claus
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
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16
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Cory-Toussaint D, Taylor PJ, Barnhoorn IEJ. Non-invasive sampling of bats reflects their potential as ecological indicators of elemental exposure in a diamond mining area, northern Limpopo Province, South Africa. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:13647-13660. [PMID: 34591248 PMCID: PMC8803726 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bats have been proposed as reliable bioindicators for monitoring bioaccumulation of elements and chemicals in natural and transformed ecosystems. Non-invasive methods are becoming more popular as research moves away from destructive methodologies. We present the first concentrations of 23 elements in Mops condylurus and Tadarida aegyptiaca (Molossidae) fur and blood from an opencast diamond mine and reference area using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations of B, K, Rb and Cd in the bats' fur were significantly higher in the mining footprint compared to the reference area (P < 0.05). Other elements such as Zn and Hg were significantly higher in the blood of bats from the mining footprint than the reference area (P < 0.05), whereas Mn was significantly higher in the blood of bats from the reference area than from the mining footprint (P < 0.05). Sixteen of the 22 elements above the limit of detection, with the exception of Ba, were significantly higher in the fur samples than in the blood due to elements being incorporated over time into the fur as it grows, whereas blood reveals short-term exposure to elements. Concentrations of most of the elements were reasonably low except Al, Fe and Zn. In general, the element concentrations particularly in the fur samples were comparable with other international studies reporting elemental fur concentrations from anthropogenically impacted and natural areas. Fur and blood have the potential to be viable indicators of environmental toxicity, but research is required on toxic thresholds and physiological and ecological unknowns around element concentrations in bat tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Cory-Toussaint
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Afromontane Unit, University of the Free State - QwaQwa Campus, P. Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa
| | - Irene E J Barnhoorn
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Republic of South Africa
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Much of the published literature on suicide comes from high income countries. In countries such as India, female suicide rates exceed the global suicide rate and suicide rates found in their male counterparts. Results from previous studies indicate that factors related to suicide among men and women in India are different from those seen in high-income countries. To date, no reviews have considered the relationship between gender and suicide in India. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of existing literature reporting gender differences in suicide rates, methods, risk factors and antecedent factors in India by reviewing published studies. METHOD A scoping review was conducted to map the existing literature on gender differences in suicide in India. To identify peer-reviewed publications, online databases PsycINFO and Embase were searched. The search terms were [suicid* AND India*]. The searches took place in November 2020 and May 2021, with no language restrictions. Articles published from 2014 onwards from India were included. Reference lists of selected studies were searched for studies that could meet the inclusion criteria. RESULTS This review identified 17 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The ratio between women and men who die by suicide in India is much lower than in high-income countries. Hanging was found to be a more commonly used method of suicide among both men and women, in comparison to high-income countries where hanging is more common among men. This review also identified several gaps in the literature. There were few studies that examined suicide among transgender Indians. There was limited literature on gender differences in risk and protective factors for suicide. Limitations such as the omission of a lack of gender-based analyses in several studies and under-reporting of suicide rates were identified. CONCLUSION Understanding suicide within the context of individual countries is essential in designing culture-appropriate suicide prevention strategies. This review identified an urgent need to establish and evaluate suicide surveillance systems in India. Furthermore, additional research is warranted to understand suicide among individuals who identify outside the gender binary, and gender-specific risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Ramesh
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca McPhillips
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Raman
- Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, India
| | - Catherine Robinson
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Peel-Wainwright KM, Hartley S, Boland A, Rocca E, Langer S, Taylor PJ. The interpersonal processes of non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94:1059-1082. [PMID: 34090311 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the processes underlying non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is important given the negative consequences of this behaviour. Qualitative research has the potential to provide an in-depth exploration of this. There has been limited research regarding the interpersonal processes associated with NSSI; therefore, a meta-synthesis was conducted to investigate this. METHODS A search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL electronic databases from date of inception to November 2020 was conducted. In total, 30 papers were included in the final review. A meta-ethnographic approach was utilized to synthesize the data. RESULTS Two overarching themes were found. Within 'Powerful relational dynamics', NSSI was cited as a response to participants becoming stuck in aversive or disempowering relational positions with others. Within the 'Taking matters into their own hands' subtheme, NSSI was reported as a way for participants to get interpersonal and emotional needs met. LIMITATIONS Several included papers did not comment on the researcher-participant relationship, which may have affected qualitative results. A small number of potentially eligible papers were unavailable for synthesizing. CONCLUSION Findings provide a more nuanced investigation of the interpersonal processes underlying NSSI. Consistent with relevant theories, NSSI appears to be a way of mitigating difficult interpersonal experiences or getting interpersonal needs met. NSSI may be engaged in as a substitute to other, less damaging ways to cope. An argument is made for a more empathetic understanding of NSSI and the use of relational interventions. PRACTITIONER POINTS Self-injury may occur in response to interpersonal stressors Self-injury can be a means to get interpersonal needs met Self-injury may replace other means of coping that become blocked or thwarted Emotional distress can be closely linked with interpersonal factors for this group Relational therapies may be beneficial where interpersonal processes are linked to NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly-Marie Peel-Wainwright
- Divison of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Samantha Hartley
- Divison of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK.,Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Angel Boland
- Divison of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Eleanor Rocca
- Divison of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Susanne Langer
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Divison of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
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19
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Coleman SE, Dunlop BJ, Hartley S, Taylor PJ. The relationship between rumination and NSSI: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Psychol 2021; 61:405-443. [PMID: 34806214 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumination is a cognitive process that has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of a variety of psychological difficulties. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to examine the nature and strength of the relationship between rumination and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). METHODS The protocol for this review was pre-registered (CRD42019148186). A literature search of electronic databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science was performed from the earliest date available to March 2020. Thirty-nine eligible papers were identified. An additional seven papers were identified from a search conducted in September 2021, resulting in a total of 46 papers. Separate meta-analyses were undertaken for NSSI frequency and NSSI history, with studies grouped by rumination type (depressive, transdiagnostic, anger, brooding, reflection, catastrophising, overall). Moderator analyses were also conducted along with a narrative synthesis of adjusted associations and longitudinal studies. RESULTS Rumination had a positive small association with NSSI frequency and a positive moderate association with NSSI history. The adjusted associations yielded mixed findings and most longitudinal research found rumination to be associated with prospective NSSI. LIMITATIONS Most included studies had a moderate risk of bias and used a student sample. A limitation of this review was that only English language papers were included. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that rumination is associated with NSSI, but more so the likelihood of engaging in NSSI overall than the frequency. Rumination-focused techniques for NSSI may therefore be of benefit. Further research is needed to understand this association, particularly with longitudinal studies that focus on state rumination rather than stable trait rumination. PRACTITIONER POINTS Rumination was found to have a small to moderate association with NSSI. Some individuals who engage in NSSI may benefit from psychological techniques that target rumination. Most of the studies included had a moderate risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Coleman
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Prestwich, UK
| | - Brendan J Dunlop
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
| | - Samantha Hartley
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK.,Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
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20
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Gire N, Caton N, McKeown M, Mohmed N, Duxbury J, Kelly J, Riley M, J Taylor P, Taylor CDJ, Naeem F, Chaudhry IB, Husain N. 'Care co-ordinator in my pocket': a feasibility study of mobile assessment and therapy for psychosis (TechCare). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046755. [PMID: 34785541 PMCID: PMC8596054 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the project was to examine the acceptability and feasibility of a mobile phone application-based intervention 'TechCare', for individuals with psychosis in the North West of England. The main objectives were to determine whether appropriate individuals could be identified and recruited to the study and whether the TechCare App would be an acceptable intervention for individuals with psychosis. METHODS This was a mixed methods feasibility study, consisting of a test-run and feasibility evaluation of the TechCare App intervention. SETTING Early Intervention Services (EIS) for psychosis, within an NHS Trust in the North West of England. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen participants (test-run n=4, feasibility study n=12) aged between 18 and 65 years recruited from the East, Central and North Lancashire EIS. INTERVENTION A 6-week intervention, with the TechCare App assessing participants' symptoms and responses in real-time and providing a personalised-guided self-help-based psychological intervention based on the principles of Cognitive Behaviorual Therapy (CBT). RESULTS A total of 83.33% (n=10) of participants completed the 6-week feasibility study, with 70% of completers achieving the set compliance threshold of ≥33% engagement with the TechCare App system. Analysis of the qualitative data suggested that participants held the view that the TechCare was both an acceptable and feasible means of delivering interventions in real-time. CONCLUSION Innovative digital clinical technologies, such as the TechCare App, have the potential to increase access to psychological interventions, reduce health inequality and promote self-management with a real-time intervention, through enabling access to mental health resources in a stigma-free, evidence-based and time-independent manner. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02439619.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Gire
- Research, Lancashire Care NHS Trust, Preston, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Neil Caton
- Research, Lancashire Care NHS Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Mick McKeown
- School of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Naeem Mohmed
- Research and Development, Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Blackburn, UK
| | - Joy Duxbury
- Faculty of Health, Psychology & Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - James Kelly
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Miv Riley
- Research, Lancashire Care NHS Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester School of Psychological Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher D J Taylor
- Secondary Care Psychological Therapies Service, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | - Farooq Naeem
- Psychiatry, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Imran Bashir Chaudhry
- Psychiatry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nusrat Husain
- Research, Lancashire Care NHS Trust, Preston, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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21
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McIntyre J, Elahi A, Latham C, Mullholland H, Haines-Delmont A, Saini P, Taylor PJ. Does neighbourhood identification buffer against the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on self-harm? J Affect Disord 2021; 294:857-863. [PMID: 34375213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic disadvantage and lack of group belonging (i.e., social identity) have been linked to poor mental health. However, no research has investigated the relationship between neighbourhood identity and self-harm, nor whether identifying with one's neighbourhood can mitigate the effects of economic stress on self-harm. METHODS Pre-registered secondary data analysis of a large (N = 3412) community health survey conducted in disadvantaged areas of North West England. RESULTS Despite the sample having a relatively high and therefore restricted level of disadvantage, individual and geographic indicators of disadvantage, as well as neighbourhood identification, were unique and strong predictors of self-harm thoughts and behaviours across several analyses. Specifically, experiencing disadvantage and disidentification predicted significantly higher odds of self-harm and self-harm thoughts. No consistent interactive effects emerged. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limits firm conclusions regarding causal effects of neighbourhood identity and disadvantage on self-harm. However, causal direction is supported by past research and theory. The data is self-report, which is subject to response bias. The sample was also recruited from a region of the UK with low numbers of residents from ethnic minority backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with past research indicating an association between social identity and better mental health, but for the first time extend these effects to self-harm. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering social and economic factors when attempting to prevent suicide and understand and treat self-harm thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason McIntyre
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Anam Elahi
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health. Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool. UK
| | | | - Helen Mullholland
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health. Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool. UK
| | | | - Pooja Saini
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom.
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Sandel DB, Jomar K, Johnson SL, Dickson JM, Dandy S, Forrester R, Taylor PJ. Beliefs About One's Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The Experiences of Self-Injury Questionnaire (ESIQ). Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:458-474. [PMID: 31997727 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1712285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to develop and validate a measure of self-rated positive and negative beliefs about one's non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), the Experiences of Self-Injury Questionnaire (ESIQ). METHOD Psychometric properties and validation against NSSI severity and shame were tested in two U.S. and two U.K. samples of individuals who endorsed a history of NSSI. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated five factors. Subscales were labeled Positive Beliefs, Personal Dislike, Interpersonal Concern, Emotional Suppression, and Emotional Expression. The Positive Beliefs Subscale covers beliefs that NSSI is valuable. Scores on this subscale were associated with endorsement of NSSI frequency, NSSI urges, and perceived likelihood of future NSSI. Other subscales showed validity in that they all showed unique effects on outcome indices of NSSI severity or shame. CONCLUSION The ESIQ shows promise as a brief reliable measure of beliefs about and experiences of NSSI.
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Williams ST, Williams KS, Constant N, Swanepoel L, Taylor PJ, Belmain SR, Evans SW. Low‐intensity environmental education can enhance perceptions of culturally taboo wildlife. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samual T. Williams
- Department of Zoology School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
| | | | - Natasha Constant
- South African Research Chair on Biodiversity Value & Change University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
- Sustainable Places Research Institute Cardiff University Cardiff UK
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy Bedfordshire UK
| | - Lourens Swanepoel
- Department of Zoology School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - Peter J. Taylor
- South African Research Chair on Biodiversity Value & Change University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Westville South Africa
| | - Steven R. Belmain
- Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime UK
| | - Steven W. Evans
- Southern Cape Conservation Organisation Oudtshoorn South Africa
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24
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Dunlop BJ, Hunter C, Shafti M, Coleman SE, Hartley S, Taylor PJ. ‘Why is it so different now I’m bisexual?’: young bisexual people’s experiences of identity, belonging, self-injury, and COVID19. Psychology & Sexuality 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1924241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Dunlop
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheryl Hunter
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Child Development Centre, Scott Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom, Devon
| | - Matina Shafti
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sophie E Coleman
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Samantha Hartley
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Pennine Care Young People's Mental Health Research Unit, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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Taylor PJ, Usher S, Jomar K, Forrester R. Investigating self-concept in self-harm: A repertory grid study. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94 Suppl 2:171-187. [PMID: 32012440 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The way that individuals perceive themselves and others may be relevant in understanding difficulties with self-harm. Repertory grids provide a relatively underutilized means of investigating self-concept in people who self-harm. This study aimed to examine the association between self-concept, captured through a repertory grid method, and self-harm. METHOD Ninety-eight participants with a history of self-harm took part in the study. A repertory grid was used to derive distances between four elements ('current self', 'ideal self', 'self-harming self', and 'others who self-harm'). Associations between these distances and measures of self-harm behaviour, well-being and perceived recovery, were estimated. RESULTS Repertory grid distances were significantly associated with self-harm. When adjusting for covariates, self-harm in the past year was positively associated with a greater distance (or less perceived similarity) between current and ideal self, and a smaller distance (greater perceived similarity) between current self and others who self-harm. Repertory grid distances were also associated with well-being and perceived recovery. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the idea that self-perception is associated with self-harm and related difficulties. The results also highlight the potential utility of repertory grids as a tool for exploring self-concept. The cross-sectional nature of the study precludes inferences about directionality or the temporal characteristics of associations. PRACTITIONER POINTS More recent experiences of self-harm may be reflected in the way individuals perceive or construe themselves. The way in which individuals who self-harm perceive or construe themselves may also be related to their current well-being and perceived recovery. Repertory grids may be a useful tool in clinical practice for investigating self-concept in those who self-harm. Repertory grids may provide a more idiographic, clinical outcome assessment in those who self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sunny Usher
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Khowla Jomar
- STEP 3-4 CAMHS, South Tyrone Hospital, Dungannon, UK
| | - Rebecca Forrester
- Springpark Mental Health Resource Centre, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
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26
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Ropaj E, Jones A, Dickson JM, Gill Z, Taylor PJ. Are negative beliefs about psychosis associated with emotional distress in adults and young people with such experiences? A meta-analysis. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94 Suppl 2:242-267. [PMID: 32271989 PMCID: PMC8246979 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional distress, including depression and anxiety, is commonly reported amongst individuals experiencing psychosis. The beliefs individuals hold about the meaning of their psychosis may explain the distress they experience. The current meta-analysis aimed to review the association between beliefs about psychosis experiences and emotional distress. METHOD Three electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL) were searched using keywords and controlled vocabulary (e.g., Medical Subject Headings) from date of inception to August 2019. A total of 19 eligible papers were identified. RESULTS Our random-effects meta-analysis revealed that depression and anxiety held moderate association with psychosis beliefs, with perceptions concerning a lack of control over experiences having the strongest association with distress. Longitudinal studies suggest that negative beliefs at baseline are associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the endorsement of negative beliefs about psychosis is associated with current level of depression and anxiety. The results are consistent with theories of emotional distress in psychosis. However, the small number of longitudinal papers limits what can be concluded about the direction or other temporal characteristics of these relationships. Therapies that target unhelpful beliefs about psychosis may beneficial. PRACTITIONER POINTS Negative beliefs about experiences of psychosis are associated with greater emotional distress such as depression and anxiety. Beliefs about a lack of control over experiences had the strongest association with distress. Interventions that aim to modify or prevent the formation of unhelpful beliefs about psychosis may be beneficial for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmira Ropaj
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolUK,Division of Psychology & Mental HealthSchool of Health SciencesManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolUK
| | - Joanne M. Dickson
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolUK,School of Arts and HumanitiesPsychology DisciplineEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Zabina Gill
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation TrustGreater ManchesterUK
| | - Peter J. Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental HealthSchool of Health SciencesManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterUK
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Taylor PJ, Fien K, Mulholland H, Duarte R, Dickson JM, Kullu C. Pilot service evaluation of a brief psychological therapy for self-harm in an emergency department: Hospital Outpatient Psychotherapy Engagement Service. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94 Suppl 1:64-78. [PMID: 32338445 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief psychological therapies may be helpful for people who have recently self-harmed. The current paper reports on a service evaluation of a novel brief therapy service based within an Emergency Department, Hospital Outpatient Psychotherapy Engagement (HOPE) Service. This service combines elements of psychodynamic interpersonal and cognitive analytic therapy to help people who present with self-harm-related difficulties. The primary aim of this service evaluation was to ascertain the feasibility of HOPE in terms of attendance rates. The study also examined variables associated with engagement, and change over time in psychological distress for those attending the service. METHOD The HOPE service was evaluated over a ten-month period. Consenting patients completed measures of psychological distress and working alliance across four therapy sessions and one follow-up session. Measures of emotion regulation style and self-harm function were also completed at the point of referral. RESULTS Eight-nine patients were referred to the service (83 eligible referrals). Fifty-three (64%) attended at least one therapy session. Baseline variables did not distinguish people who attended and people who did not. Psychological distress decreased significantly across the sessions. Most people reported a good working alliance with their therapist. CONCLUSIONS The results of this service evaluation support the feasibility of the HOPE service, demonstrating good engagement rates given the complexity of the population and context. Whilst there was evidence of reductions in distress, randomized controlled trials are needed to determine if HOPE has clinical efficacy. PRACTITIONER POINTS Rates of engagement with HOPE suggest the service is feasible in an Emergency Department context Working alliance scores were positive for the majority of patients The HOPE service shows promise as a brief intervention for people who self-harm but requires further evaluation Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of the HOPE service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kirsten Fien
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Mulholland
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rui Duarte
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- Division of Psychology, School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cecil Kullu
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Merseyside, UK
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28
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Eiseb SJ, Taylor PJ, Zeller U, Denys C, Nicolas V. Rapid peripatric speciation linked with drainage evolution in a rare African rodent,
Mastomys shortridgei
(Rodentia: Muridae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seth J. Eiseb
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia
- National Museum of Namibia Windhoek Namibia
| | - Peter J. Taylor
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value & Change in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve & Core Team Member of Centre for Invasion Biology School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
- Zoology & Entomology Department & Afromontane Research Unit University of the Free State Phuthaditjhaba South Africa
- National Geographic Okavango Wilderness ProjectWild Bird Trust Parktown South Africa
| | - Ulrich Zeller
- Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des Antilles Paris France
| | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle CNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des Antilles Paris France
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29
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Dunlop BJ, Hartley S, Oladokun O, Taylor PJ. Corrigendum to Bisexuality and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI): A narrative synthesis of associated variables and a meta-analysis of risk. Journal of Affective Disorders, 276 (2020) 1159-1172. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:1055. [PMID: 33019964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Dunlop
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Samantha Hartley
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust,, Old Street, Ashton-Under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Olayinka Oladokun
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust,, Old Street, Ashton-Under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Lee C, Day J, Goodman SM, Pedrono M, Besnard G, Frantz L, Taylor PJ, Herrera MJ, Gongora J. Genetic origins and diversity of bushpigs from Madagascar (Potamochoerus larvatus, family Suidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:20629. [PMID: 33244111 PMCID: PMC7693328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The island of Madagascar, situated off the southeast coast of Africa, shows the first evidence of human presence ~ 10,000 years ago; however, other archaeological data indicates a settlement of the modern peoples of the island distinctly more recent, perhaps > 1500 years ago. Bushpigs of the genus Potamochoerus (family Suidae), are today widely distributed in Madagascar and presumed to have been introduced from Africa at some stage by human immigrants to the island. However, disparities about their origins in Madagascar have been presented in the literature, including the possibility of endemic subspecies, and few empirical data are available. Furthermore, the separation of bushpigs in Madagascar from their mainland relatives may have favoured the evolution of a different repertoire of immune genes first due to a founder effect and then as a response to distinct pathogens compared to their ancestors. Molecular analysis confirmed the species status of the bushpig in Madagascar as P. larvatus, likely introduced from the central region of southern Africa, with no genetic evidence for the recognition of eastern and western subspecies as suggested from previous cranial morphology examination. Investigation of the immunologically important SLA-DQB1 peptide-binding region showed a different immune repertoire of bushpigs in Madagascar compared to those on the African mainland, with seventeen exon-2 haplotypes unique to bushpigs in Madagascar (2/28 haplotypes shared). This suggests that the MHC diversity of the Madagascar populations may have enabled Malagasy bushpigs to adapt to new environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Lee
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jenna Day
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
- Association Vahatra, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Miguel Pedrono
- UMR ASTRE, INRAE, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS, UPS, IRD, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Frantz
- Palaeogenomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa
- Afromontane Research Unit and Zoology Department, University of the Free State, Qwa Qwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa
| | - Michael J Herrera
- Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jaime Gongora
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Linden B, Dalton DL, Ralph TMC, Silva I, Kotze A, Taylor PJ. Adding another piece to the southern African Cercopithecus monkey phylogeography puzzle. African Zoology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2020.1835534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Linden
- Department of Zoology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Lajuma Research Centre, Louis Trichardt, South Africa
| | - Desiré L Dalton
- Department of Zoology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Taryn MC Ralph
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Isabel Silva
- Center for Research and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lurio University, Pemba, Mozambique
| | - Antoinette Kotze
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
- Genetics Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Peter J Taylor
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Dunlop BJ, Hartley S, Oladokun O, Taylor PJ. Bisexuality and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI): A narrative synthesis of associated variables and a meta-analysis of risk. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:1159-1172. [PMID: 32823255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisexual people have been found to be at increased risk of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) when compared to heterosexual and gay or lesbian people. The purpose of this review was to update the estimated risk of NSSI for bisexual people and to examine variables that have been associated with NSSI in this population. METHODS The protocol for this paper was pre-registered (CRD42019145299). An electronic search of PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Ovid Online and Web of Science was undertaken from earliest available date to October 2019. Twenty-four eligible papers were identified. Meta-analyses, including moderator analysis, were conducted to ascertain NSSI risk and a narrative synthesis was undertaken of predictors and correlates. All studies were assessed for risk of bias. RESULTS Bisexual people had up to six times the odds of engaging in NSSI compared to other sexualities. Mental health variables of anxiety and depression symptoms were found to be most commonly associated with NSSI for this population. The majority of studies had moderate risk of bias. This review demonstrates that bisexual people have an elevated risk of engaging in NSSI. Increased incidence of anxiety and depression and exposure to negative life events may explain this increased risk. LIMITATIONS Studies were found to be consistently cross-sectional in design and limited to western cultures. A limitation of this review was that only English language papers were included. CONCLUSIONS Results are clinically relevant as they suggest early identification and prevention of NSSI can be achieved. Future research should examine bisexual people independently of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Dunlop
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Samantha Hartley
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Olayinka Oladokun
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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33
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Nengovhela A, Denys C, Taylor PJ. Life history and habitat do not mediate temporal changes in body size due to climate warming in rodents. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9792. [PMID: 33024624 PMCID: PMC7520088 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal changes in body size have been documented in a number of vertebrate species, with different contested drivers being suggested to explain these changes. Among these are climate warming, resource availability, competition, predation risk, human population density, island effects and others. Both life history traits (intrinsic factors such as lifespan and reproductive rate) and habitat (extrinsic factors such as vegetation type, latitude and elevation) are expected to mediate the existence of a significant temporal response of body size to climate warming but neither have been widely investigated. Using examples of rodents, we predicted that both life history traits and habitat might explain the probability of temporal response using two tests of this hypothesis. Firstly, taking advantage of new data from museum collections spanning the last 106 years, we investigated geographical and temporal variation in cranial size (a proxy for body size) in six African rodent species of two murid subfamilies (Murinae and Gerbillinae) of varying life history, degree of commensality, range size, and habitat. Two species, the commensal Mastomys natalensis, and the non-commensal Otomys unisulcatus showed significant temporal changes in body size, with the former increasing and the latter decreasing, in relation with climate warming. Commensalism could explain the increase in size with time due to steadily increasing food availability through increased agricultural production. Apart from this, we found no general life history or habitat predictors of a temporal response in African rodents. Secondly, in order to further test this hypothesis, we incorporated our data into a meta-analysis based on published literature on temporal responses in rodents, resulting in a combined dataset for 50 species from seven families worldwide; among these, 29 species showed no significant change, eight showed a significant increase in size, and 13 showed a decline in size. Using a binomial logistic regression model for these metadata, we found that none of our chosen life history or habitat predictors could significantly explain the probability of a temporal response to climate warming, reinforcing our conclusion based on the more detailed data from the six African species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluwani Nengovhela
- South African Research Chair in Biodiversity Value and Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Peter J Taylor
- South African Research Chair in Biodiversity Value and Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa.,Zoology and Entomology Department and Afromontane Research Unit, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
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Taylor PJ, Nelufule M, Parker DM, Toussaint DC, Weier SM. The Limpopo River Exerts a Powerful but Spatially Limited Effect on Bat Communities in a Semi-Arid Region of South Africa. Acta Chiropterologica 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Taylor
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Republic of South Africa
| | - Murunwa Nelufule
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Republic of South Africa
| | - Daniel M. Parker
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
| | - Dawn Cory Toussaint
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Republic of South Africa
| | - Sina M. Weier
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Republic of South Africa
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35
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Constant NL, Swanepoel LH, Williams ST, Soarimalala V, Goodman SM, Massawe AT, Mulungu LS, Makundi RH, Mdangi ME, Taylor PJ, Belmain SR. Comparative assessment on rodent impacts and cultural perceptions of ecologically based rodent management in 3 Afro-Malagasy farming regions. Integr Zool 2020; 15:578-594. [PMID: 32348609 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rodents generate negative consequences for smallholder farmers in Africa that directly impact household and livestock damage, food security, and public health. Ecologically Based Rodent Management (EBRM) seeks sustainable solutions for the mitigation of rodent damage through assessments of rodent population dynamics, agro-ecosystems, and socio-cultural contexts. We adopt a comparative approach across 3 rural Afro-Malagasy smallholder farming regions in South Africa, Tanzania, and Madagascar to assess the household impacts of rodent pests and current perceptions and preferences associated with several rodent control measures. We conducted focus group questionnaires and interviews in different study site locations. Rodents assert multiple impacts on Afro-Malagasy farmers demonstrating recurrent and emerging agricultural and household costs, and public health impacts. We identify a significant knowledge gap in educating communities about the application of different EBRM approaches in favor of acute poisons that are perceived to be more effective. Cultural issues and taboos also have a significant impact on the social acceptance of rodent hunting as well as biological control using indigenous predators. We advocate for an enhanced investigation of the socio-cultural beliefs associated with different rodent practices to understand the factors underlying social acceptance. A collaborative approach that integrates the perspectives of target communities to inform the design of EBRM initiatives according to the specific agro-ecosystem and socio-cultural context is necessary to ensure programmatic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Constant
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lourens H Swanepoel
- Department of Zoology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Samual T Williams
- Department of Zoology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.,Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Voahangy Soarimalala
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Environnement, Université de Fianarantsoa, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Apia T Massawe
- Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Loth S Mulungu
- Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Rhodes H Makundi
- Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - Peter J Taylor
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bezeng BS, Yessoufou K, Taylor PJ, Tesfamichael SG. Expected spatial patterns of alien woody plants in South Africa's protected areas under current scenario of climate change. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7038. [PMID: 32341394 PMCID: PMC7184613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although protected areas (PAs) are declared to provide sanctuaries for biodiversity, they are increasingly threatened by the synergistic effects of anthropic factors, invasive alien species and climate change. Consequently, interventions are required to minimize the impacts of these threats on PAs' integrity. To inform these interventions in the South African context and under the current climate change scenario, we tested for geographic patterns of alien woody species across the network of 1,453 PAs using three alien invasion indices - alien species abundance, invaded area ratio and alien species richness. Our analysis shows that, under current climate change scenario, none of the PAs would be effective in shielding against alien plants and PAs that are geographically close tend to share similar invasion patterns. In addition, PAs that are hotspots of alien species are also geographically clustered but these findings are biome-dependent. Our outlier analysis reveals not only an island of disproportionately rich PAs in alien species, but also identifies some alien-poor PAs. We suggest that PAs that are hotspots of alien species as well as outliers of disproportionately rich PAs in alien species should be priority in monitoring and invasion control programmes in the context of the ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezeng S Bezeng
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
- School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
| | - Kowiyou Yessoufou
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Peter J Taylor
- School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Solomon G Tesfamichael
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
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Blythin SPM, Nicholson HL, Macintyre VG, Dickson JM, Fox JRE, Taylor PJ. Experiences of shame and guilt in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A systematic review. Psychol Psychother 2020; 93:134-159. [PMID: 30182527 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emotional states may play an important role in the development and maintenance of anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). This systematic review aimed to examine the evidence regarding the relationship that shame and guilt have with two eating disorders, AN and BN. METHODS Four major databases (Pubmed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Medline) were searched (up until April 2018) for studies measuring guilt or shame in clinically diagnosed AN and BN groups. Included papers were evaluated for risk of bias. RESULTS Twenty-four papers met the inclusion criteria. Several methodological issues were noted within the reviewed studies, including a lack of longitudinal data and unaccounted confounding variables. Nonetheless, shame was typically more common in those with AN and BN than controls, was positively related to the severity of symptoms, and associated with the onset of eating disorder-related difficulties (e.g., binging or purging). Effect sizes were typically moderate to large. The role of guilt was less clear, with few studies and mixed results. DISCUSSION There is preliminary evidence that shame is implicated in the aetiology of AN and BN presentations, whilst there is currently insufficient evidence of such a role for guilt. It remains unclear whether shame is a risk factor for the development of AN and BN or a consequence of these difficulties. PRACTITIONER POINTS Elevated shame appears to be a feature of anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Shame appears to fluctuate with the occurrence of eating disordered behaviours like binging, purging or restricted eating. Guilt is less consistently linked to AN and BN presentations. Interventions directed at shame may be helpful for these populations. A lack of longitudinal data means the temporal features of these relationships are still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanessa G Macintyre
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, UK.,Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John R E Fox
- South Wales Clinical Psychology Training Programme, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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Taylor PJ, Jomar K, Dhingra K, Forrester R, Shahmalak U, Dickson JM. Corrigendum to "A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Different Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury" [Journal of Affective Disorders (2017) 759-769]. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:440. [PMID: 31611001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, England, M13 9PL.
| | - Khowla Jomar
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, England, L69 3GB
| | - Katie Dhingra
- School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, England, LS1 3HE
| | - Rebecca Forrester
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, England, L69 3GB
| | - Ujala Shahmalak
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, England, L69 3GB
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, England, L69 3GB; Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Australia
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Sheehy K, Noureen A, Khaliq A, Dhingra K, Husain N, Pontin EE, Cawley R, Taylor PJ. An examination of the relationship between shame, guilt and self-harm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 73:101779. [PMID: 31707184 PMCID: PMC6891258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Self-harm is a major public health concern associated with suicide risk and significant psychological distress. Theories suggest that aversive emotional states are an important process that drives self-harm. Shame and guilt may, in particular, be important emotions in self-harm. This review therefore sought to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between shame, guilt, and self-harm. A systematic search of electronic databases (PsycINFO; Medline; CINAHL Plus; Web of Science and ProQuest) was undertaken to identify studies measuring shame, guilt and self-harm (including suicidal and non-suicidal behaviour). Meta-analysis was undertaken where papers focused on the same subtype of shame or guilt and shared a common outcome. Thirty studies were identified for inclusion. Most forms of shame were associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), but research was sparse concerning suicidal behaviour. Fewer studies examined guilt and findings were more varied. Methodological issues included a paucity of longitudinal designs and lack of justification for sample sizes. Results of this review support the link between shame and self-harm, particularly NSSI. The direction of this relationship is yet to be established. Clinically, consideration should be given to the role of shame amongst individuals who present with NSSI. This review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017056165).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Sheehy
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Amna Noureen
- Pakistan Institute of Living & Learning, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Khaliq
- Pakistan Institute of Living & Learning, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Katie Dhingra
- School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, LS1 3HE England, United Kingdom
| | - Nusrat Husain
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Eleanor E Pontin
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Rosanne Cawley
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Taylor PJ, Thompson CH, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Wycherley TP, Wittert G, Brinkworth GD, Zajac I. Tolerability and acceptability of real-time continuous glucose monitoring and its impact on diabetes management behaviours in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes - A pilot study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 155:107814. [PMID: 31421138 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence suggests us of real-time continuous glucose monitoring systems (RT-CGM), can assist to improve glucose control in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) treatment, however the impact of these devices on patients' stress levels and behaviour is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effects of RT-CGM on tolerance and acceptability of device wear, stress and diabetes management and motivation to change. METHODS Twenty adults (10 men, 10 women) with T2D (aged 60.6 ± 8.4 years, BMI 34.2 ± 4.7 kg/m2), were randomised to a low-carbohydrate lifestyle plan whilst wearing a RT-CGM or an 'offline-blinded' (Blinded-CGM) monitoring system continuously for 12 weeks. Outcomes were glycaemic control (HbA1c), weight (kg) perceived stress scale (PSS), CGM device intolerance, acceptability, motivation to change and diabetes management behaviour questionnaires. RESULTS Both groups experienced significant reductions in body weight (RT-CGM -7.4 ± 4.5 kg vs. Blinded-CGM -5.5 ± 4.0 kg) and HbA1c (-0.67 ± 0.82% vs. -0.68 ± 0.74%). There were no differences between groups for perceived stress (P = 0.47) or device intolerance at week 6 or 12 (both P > 0.30). However, there was evidence of greater acceptance of CGM in the RT-CGM group at week 12 (P = 0.03), improved blood glucose monitoring behaviour in the RT-CGM group at week 6 and week 12 (P ≤ 0.01), and a significant time x group interaction (P = 0.03) demonstrating improved diabetes self-management behaviours in RT-CGM. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary evidence of improved behaviours that accompany RT-CGM in the context of diabetes management and glucose self-monitoring. RT-CGM may provide an alternative approach to glucose management in individuals with T2D without resulting in increased disease distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Taylor
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-0829
| | - C H Thompson
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - N D Luscombe-Marsh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T P Wycherley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G Wittert
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G D Brinkworth
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia
| | - I Zajac
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, Australia
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Taylor PJ, Perry A, Hutton P, Tan R, Fisher N, Focone C, Griffiths D, Seddon C. Cognitive Analytic Therapy for psychosis: A case series. Psychol Psychother 2019; 92:359-378. [PMID: 29719118 PMCID: PMC6766854 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) is an effective psychological intervention for several different mental health conditions. However, whether it is acceptable, safe, and beneficial for people with psychosis remains unclear, as is the feasibility of providing and evaluating it within a research context. The aim of this study was to begin to address these questions and to obtain for the first time a rich and detailed understanding of the experience of receiving CAT for psychosis. DESIGN A mixed-methods case series design. METHOD Seven individuals who experienced non-affective psychosis received CAT. They completed assessments at the start of CAT, 16 weeks, and 28 weeks post-baseline. Qualitative interviews were completed with four individuals following completion of or withdrawal from therapy. RESULTS Six participants attended at least four sessions of therapy and four went on to complete therapy. There were no serious adverse events, and self-reported adverse experiences were minimal. Qualitative interviews suggested CAT is acceptable and provided a way to understand and work therapeutically with psychosis. There was limited evidence of change in psychotic symptoms, but improvement in perceived recovery and personality integration was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that CAT is a safe and acceptable intervention for psychosis. Personality integration, perceived recovery, and functioning are relevant outcomes for future evaluations of CAT for psychosis. PRACTITIONER POINTS It is feasible to conduct research evaluating CAT for people with psychosis. Within this case series, CAT appears acceptable and safe to individuals with psychosis. Within this case series, clients reported that CAT was a positive and helpful experience. There is a mixed picture with regard to secondary outcomes, but the design and aims of this case series limit conclusion that can be drawn from this data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental HealthUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | | | - Paul Hutton
- School of Health and Social CareEdinburgh Napier UniversityUK
| | - Ranil Tan
- Leeds and York Partnerships NHS Foundation TrustWest YorkshireUK
| | - Naomi Fisher
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health ResearchUniversity of LancasterUK
| | | | - Diane Griffiths
- Liverpool Early Intervention ServiceMersey Care NHS TrustLiverpoolUK
| | - Claire Seddon
- Liverpool Early Intervention ServiceMersey Care NHS TrustLiverpoolUK
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Dickson JM, Cruise K, McCall CA, Taylor PJ. A Systematic Review of the Antecedents and Prevalence of Suicide, Self-Harm and Suicide Ideation in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Youth. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E3154. [PMID: 31470580 PMCID: PMC6747538 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicide and self-harm represent serious global health problems and appear to be especially elevated amongst indigenous minority groups, and particularly amongst young people (aged 24 years or younger). This systematic review investigates for the first time the antecedents and prevalence of suicide, self-harm and suicide ideation among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth. Web of Science, PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL databases and grey literature were searched from earliest records to April 2019 for eligible articles. Twenty-two empirical articles met the inclusion criteria. The data confirmed that indigenous youth in Australia have elevated rates of suicide, self-harm and suicidal ideation relative to the nonindigenous population. Risk factors included being incarcerated, substance use and greater social and emotional distress. Notably, though, information on predictors of suicide and self-harm remains scarce. The findings support and justify the increasing implementation of public health programs specifically aimed at tackling this crisis. Based on the review findings, we argued that Aboriginal communities are best positioned to identify and understand the antecedents of youth self-harm, suicide ideation and suicide, and to take the lead in the development of more effective mental health preventive strategies and public policies within their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Dickson
- School of Arts and Humanities, Division of Psychology, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
| | - Kate Cruise
- School of Arts and Humanities, Division of Psychology, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Clare A McCall
- School of Arts and Humanities, Division of Psychology, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Taylor PJ, MacDonald A, Goodman SM, Kearney T, Cotterill FPD, Stoffberg S, Monadjem A, Schoeman MC, Guyton J, Naskrecki P, Engelbrecht A, Richards LR. CORRIGENDUM: Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus). Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Taylor
- School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Biological Sciences Building, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Angus MacDonald
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Biological Sciences Building, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Teresa Kearney
- Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa
| | - Fenton P D Cotterill
- Geoecodynamics Research Hub, c/o Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sam Stoffberg
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Corrie Schoeman
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Biological Sciences Building, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Guyton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Piotr Naskrecki
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Linden VMG, Grass I, Joubert E, Tscharntke T, Weier SM, Taylor PJ. Ecosystem services and disservices by birds, bats and monkeys change with macadamia landscape heterogeneity. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M. G. Linden
- School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - Ingo Grass
- Department of Crop Sciences University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Elsje Joubert
- School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Department of Crop Sciences University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Sina M. Weier
- School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - Peter J. Taylor
- School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
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Weier SM, Linden VMG, Grass I, Tscharntke T, Taylor PJ. The use of bat houses as day roosts in macadamia orchards, South Africa. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6954. [PMID: 31198630 PMCID: PMC6535037 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of roost sites is one of the major drivers of the worldwide decline in bat populations and roost site preferences, either natural or artificially provided, are not well known for African bat species specifically. In this study we focus on the preference for different artificial roost sites by insectivorous bats in macadamia orchards in northern South Africa. From June 2016 to July 2017 we monitored 31 bat houses, mounted on poles in six macadamia orchards, for presence of bats or other occupants. Twenty-one multi-chambered bat houses of three different designs were erected in sets of three. Additionally, five Rocket boxes, four bat houses in sets of two (painted black and white) and one colony bat house were erected. Bats were counted and visually identified to family or species level. From December 2016 to the end of March 2017 iButtons were installed to record and analyze temperature variation within one set of three bat houses. We related the occupancy of bat houses to the different types of houses and the environmental variables: distance to water, altitude and height of the bat houses above the ground. Overall bat house occupancy was significantly higher in the central bat house, in the set of three, and the black bat house, in the set of two. Mean temperatures differed between houses in the set of three with the central bat house having a significantly higher mean temperature than the houses flanking it. Our study might confirm previous assumptions that the microclimate of bat houses appears to be an important factor influencing occupancy. In conclusion, from the different bat houses tested in this study the designs we assume the warmest and best insulated attracted the most bats. Further research is needed on the preferred microclimate of different bat species, co-habitation within bat houses and the potential importance of altitude and distance to water. Our study provided little variation in both altitude and the distance to water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina M Weier
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity & Change, School of Mathematical & Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Valerie M G Linden
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity & Change, School of Mathematical & Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Ingo Grass
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter J Taylor
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity & Change, School of Mathematical & Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Weier SM, Moodley Y, Fraser MF, Linden VM, Grass I, Tscharntke T, Taylor PJ. Insect pest consumption by bats in macadamia orchards established by molecular diet analyses. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Taylor PJ, McDonald J, Smith M, Nicholson H, Forrester R. Distinguishing people with current, past, and no history of non-suicidal self-injury: Shame, social comparison, and self-concept integration. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:182-188. [PMID: 30583143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) can have a major impact on the lives of individuals and those around them. The way in which a person feels about and perceives themselves (i.e. self-concept) appears central to understanding NSSI. The current study investigates three variables linked to self-concept: shame, social comparison, and self-concept integration. We examine how well these variables differentiate people who report past NSSI, people who report current NSSI, and people who have never engaged in NSSI. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHOD Individuals reporting NSSI in the past year (n = 51), individuals with a history of NSSI but none in the past year (n = 44), and individuals with no history of NSSI (n = 110) were compared on measures of shame, social comparison, and self-concept integration. RESULTS Shame was elevated in people with a history of NSSI but did not distinguish between past and current NSSI when other variables were controlled for. Self-concept integration was poorer in people reporting current NSSI than people reporting past NSSI, even when controlling for other variables. CONCLUSIONS The results support the role of shame as a general marker for NSSI risk, but suggest self-concept integration may fluctuate more dynamically in relation to the recency of NSSI. The study is limited by a non-matched student control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, England M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - James McDonald
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, England M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Smith
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, England M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Nicholson
- Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England L69 3GB, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Forrester
- Springpark Mental Health Resource Centre, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland G22 5EU, United Kingdom
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48
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Iddon JE, Taylor PJ, Unwin J, Dickson JM. The role of positive goal engagement in increased mental well-being among individuals with chronic non-cancer pain. Br J Pain 2019; 13:230-238. [PMID: 31656629 DOI: 10.1177/2049463718824857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with chronic pain commonly report significant functional impairment and reduced quality of life. Despite this, little is known about psychological processes and mechanisms underpinning enhancements in well-being within this population. The study aimed to investigate whether (1) increased levels of pain intensity and interference were associated with lower levels of mental well-being, (2) increased positive goal engagement was associated with higher levels of mental well-being and (3) whether the relationships between pain characteristics and mental well-being were mediated by increased positive goal engagement. A total of 586 individuals with chronic pain participated in the cross-sectional, online study. Participants completed self-report measures to assess pain intensity and interference, mental well-being and goal motivation variables. Results showed that pain interference and positive goal engagement were associated with mental well-being. Moreover, the relationship between pain interference and mental well-being was partially mediated by positive goal engagement. The results provide tentative evidence for the protective role of positive goal engagement in enabling individuals with chronic pain to maintain a sense of mental well-being. The study develops the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain by examining the roles and relationships of relevant yet previously unexplored psychological constructs. The promotion of mental well-being through the enhancement of positive goal engagement is discussed, offering a platform for further research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Iddon
- Complex Rehabilitation Unit, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
| | - Jen Unwin
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust, Southport, UK
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- School of Arts and Humanities, Psychology Department, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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49
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Nengovhela A, Braga J, Denys C, de Beer F, Tenailleau C, Taylor PJ. Associated tympanic bullar and cochlear hypertrophy define adaptations to true deserts in African gerbils and laminate-toothed rats (Muridae: Gerbillinae and Murinae). J Anat 2018; 234:179-192. [PMID: 30474264 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing capabilities in desert rodents such as gerbils and heteromyids have been inferred from both anatomical and ecological aspects and tested with experiments and theoretical models. However, very few studies have focused on other desert-adapted species. In this study, a refined three-dimensional morphometric approach was used on three African rodent tribes (Otomyini, Taterillini and Gerbillini) to describe the cochlear and tympanic bullar morphology, and to explore the role of phylogeny, allometry and ecology to better understand the underlying mechanism of any observed trends of hypertrophy in the bulla and associated changes in the cochlea. As a result, desert-adapted species could be distinguished from mesic and semi-arid taxa by the gross cochlear dimensions, particularly the oval window, which is larger in desert species. Bullar and cochlear modifications between species could be explained by environment (bulla and oval window), phylogeny (cochlear curvature gradient) and/or allometry (cochlear relative length, oval window and bulla) with some exceptions. Based on their ear anatomy, we predict that Desmodillus auricularis and Parotomys brantsii should be sensitive to low-frequency sounds, with D. auricularis sensitive to high-frequency sounds, too. This study concludes that in both arid and semi-arid adapted laminate-toothed rats and gerbils there is bulla and associated cochlea hypertrophy, particularly in true desert species. Gerbils also show tightly coiled cochlea but the significance of this is debatable and may have nothing to do with adaptations to any specific acoustics in the desert environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluwani Nengovhela
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, CNRS, Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France.,South African Research Chair in Biodiversity and Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - José Braga
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, CNRS, Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France.,Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Frikkie de Beer
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Christophe Tenailleau
- Centre Inter-Universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, UMR 5085, CNRS, Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Peter J Taylor
- South African Research Chair in Biodiversity and Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.,Core Team Member of the Centre of Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Snyder RA, Trimble CJ, Rong CC, Folkes PA, Taylor PJ, Williams JR. Weak-link Josephson Junctions Made from Topological Crystalline Insulators. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:097701. [PMID: 30230891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.097701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of Josephson junctions using the topological crystalline insulator Pb_{0.5}Sn_{0.5}Te as the weak link. The properties of these junctions are characterized and compared to those fabricated with weak links of PbTe, a similar material yet topologically trivial. Most striking is the difference in the ac Josephson effect: junctions made with Pb_{0.5}Sn_{0.5}Te exhibit a rich subharmonic structure consistent with a skewed current-phase relation. This structure is absent in junctions fabricated from PbTe. A discussion is given on the origin of this effect as an indication of novel behavior arising from the topologically nontrivial surface state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Snyder
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute and the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C J Trimble
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute and the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C C Rong
- Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - P A Folkes
- Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - P J Taylor
- Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - J R Williams
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute and the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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