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Somogyi B, Li H, Tapolczai K, Kovács AW, László GT, Horváth H, Krassován K, Fodor-Kardos A, Vörös L. Regime shift in microalgal dynamics: Impact of water level changes on planktonic and benthic algal biomass. Sci Total Environ 2024:172351. [PMID: 38615783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Whole-lake microalgal biomass surveys were carried out in Lake Balaton to investigate the seasonal, spatial, and temporal changes of benthic algae, as well as to identify the drivers of the phytobenthos. Phytobenthos was controlled mainly by light: the highest benthic algal biomass was in the shallow littoral region characterized by large grain size (sand) with good light availability but lower nutrient content in the sediment. During the investigated period, phytoplankton biomass showed a significant decrease in almost the entire lake. At the same time, the biomass of benthic algae increased significantly in the eastern areas, increasing the contribution of total lake microalgae biomass (from 20 % to 27 %). Benthic algal biomass increase can be explained by the better light supply, owing to the artificially maintained high water level which greatly mitigates water mixing. The decrease in planktonic algal biomass could be attributed to increased zooplankton grazing, which is otherwise negatively affected by mixing. As a result of the high water level, the trophic structure of the lake has been rearranged in recent decades with a shift from the planktonic life form to the benthic one while the nutrient supply has largely remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Somogyi
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Huan Li
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Tapolczai
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Attila W Kovács
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - G-Tóth László
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Horváth
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Krassován
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Vörös
- National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
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Kumari P, Mahmud TS, Ng KTW, Chowdhury R, Gitifar A, Richter A. Variability of the treated biomedical waste disposal behaviours during the COVID lockdowns. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:24480-24491. [PMID: 38441741 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Literature review suggests that studies on biomedical waste generation and disposal behaviors in North America are limited. Given the infectious nature of the materials, effective biomedical waste management is vital to the public health and safety of the residents. This study explicitly examines seasonal variations of treated biomedical waste (TBMW) disposal rates in the City of Regina, Canada, from 2013 to 2022. Immediately before the onset of COVID-19, the City exhibited a steady pattern of TBMW disposal rate at about 6.6 kg∙capita-1∙year-1. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns brought about an abrupt and persistent decline in TBMW disposal rates. Inconsistent fluctuations in both magnitude and variability of the monthly TBMW load weights were also observed. The TBMW load weight became particularly variable in 2020, with an interquartile range 4 times higher than 2019. The average TBMW load weight was also the lowest (5.1 tonnes∙month-1∙truckload-1) in 2020, possibly due to an overall decline in non-COVID-19 medical emergencies, cancellation of elective surgeries, and availability of telehealth options to residents. In general, the TBMW disposal rates peaked during the summer and fall seasons. The day-to-day TBMW disposal contribution patterns between the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic are similar, with 97.5% of total TBMW being disposed of on fixed days. Results from this Canadian case study indicate that there were observable temporal changes in TBMW disposal behaviors during and after the COVID-19 lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regain, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Tanvir Shahrier Mahmud
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regain, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regain, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Rumpa Chowdhury
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regain, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Arash Gitifar
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regain, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Amy Richter
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regain, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
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Li J, Kim C, Cuadros D, Yao Z, Jia P. Changes of Grocery Shopping Frequencies and Associations with Food Deserts during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. J Urban Health 2023; 100:950-961. [PMID: 37605103 PMCID: PMC10618139 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered people's lives in multiple aspects, including grocery shopping behaviors. Yet, the changing trend of grocery shopping frequencies during the COVID-19 and its associations with food deserts remain unclear. We aimed to (1) examine variations of grocery shopping frequencies at county level in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to December 2021; (2) investigate associations between grocery shopping frequencies and food deserts during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (3) explore heterogeneity in grocery shopping frequencies-food desert associations across urban and rural areas. The county-level grocery shopping frequencies were derived from a grocery pattern dataset obtained from SafeGraph. We divided the 22-month period into 5 stages and employed the growth curve modeling to estimate the trajectories of grocery shopping frequencies and the associations between grocery shopping frequencies and food deserts in each stage, separately. Results revealed that grocery shopping frequencies experienced a "W-shaped" pattern from March 2020 to December 2021. Counties with the least percent of food deserts had slower decrease in grocery shopping frequencies at the initial stage and recovered more rapidly at later stages. Counties with the highest percent of food deserts were subject to deprivation amplification as a result of the pandemic. We also found differences existed in the grocery shopping frequencies-food desert associations between metropolitan counties and rural counties. Our findings suggest the impacts of COVID-19 on grocery shopping frequencies varied across different time periods, shedding light on designing different strategies to reduce the risk of contagion while shopping inside of grocery stores. Further, our findings highlight an urgent need to help people living in food deserts (especially in rural counties) to procure healthy foods safely during health emergencies like COVID-19 pandemic which disrupt mobility and social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Land Resources Management, School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Changjoo Kim
- Department of Geography & GIS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Diego Cuadros
- Digital Epidemiology Laboratory, Digital Futures, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Data Science Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Xie X, Sun M, Huang Z, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Li C, Gao X, Wu J, Wang L, Zhou M, Wen D. Trends in insufficient physical activity among adults in China 2010-18: a population-based study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:87. [PMID: 37460936 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PA) was reported to be 27.5% in 2016, and there were stable levels of insufficient PA worldwide between 2001 and 2016. The global target of a 10% reduction in insufficient PA by 2025 will not be met if the trends remain. The relevant data for trends in China were still scarce. This study aimed to determine nationwide temporal trends in insufficient PA among adults in China from 2010 to 2018. METHODS 645 903 adults aged 18 years or older were randomly selected from four nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance conducted in 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018. PA was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Temporal changes in insufficient PA prevalence and participation of domain-specific moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS From 2010 to 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of insufficient PA in China increased from 17.9% (95% confidence interval 16.3% to 19.5%) in 2010 to 22.3% (20.9% to 23.8%) in 2018 (P for trend < 0.001). By age group, with a significant increase in insufficient PA in adults aged 18-34 years (P for trend < 0.001), which rose more rapidly than in adults aged ≥ 35 years (P for interaction < 0.001). Insufficient PA has increased significantly among adults engaged in agriculture-related work, non-manual work, and other manual work (all P for trend < 0.05). And among the occupational groups, those engaged in agriculture-related work had the fastest increase (P for interaction = 0.01). The percentage of adults participating in work-related MVPA decreased from 79.6% (77.8% to 81.5%) to 66.8% (64.9% to 68.7%) along with a decrease in time spent on work-related MVPA, while percentages of adults participating in recreation-related MVPA increased from 14.2% (12.5% to 15.9%) to 17.2% (16.0% to 18.4%) (all P for trend < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese adults, an increasing trend was found in insufficient PA from 2010 to 2018, with more than one-fifth of adults failing to achieve the recommendation of adequate PA. More targeted PA promotion strategies should be developed to improve population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xili Xie
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjing Huang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenping Zhao
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Gao
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deliang Wen
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Mangla R, Venkatesh R, Sangoram R, Acharya I, Parmar Y, Prabhu V, Yadav NK, Chhablani J. Retinal OCT findings in acute central retinal artery occlusion of varying severity at different disease stages - a retrospective, observational study. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:37. [PMID: 37349781 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes in eyes with acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) of different severity and at different disease stages. METHODS The study included acute CRAO cases of < 7 days duration, imaged on OCT at various time points. Based on the OCT findings at presentation, cases were classified into three severity groups: mild, moderate, and severe. OCT scans were evaluated and classified into four-time intervals based on symptom duration. RESULTS There were 39 eyes from 38 patients with acute CRAO who underwent 96 OCT scans. At presentation, the study had 11, 16, and 12 cases of mild, moderate, and severe CRAO, respectively. Middle retinal layer opacification was more common in mild CRAO cases, which caused inner retinal layer thinning over time. Moderate CRAO cases had total inner retinal layer opacification, which resulted in retinal thinning over time. Prominent middle limiting membrane (p-MLM) sign was seen in mild and moderate CRAO eyes while were not visualised in severe CRAO. This sign gradually faded out over time. Other OCT findings in higher grades of CRAO included inner retinal fluid, neurosensory detachment, internal limiting membrane detachment, hyperreflective foci, and posterior vitreous opacities. Regardless of the CRAO grade, the final end-point seen was inner retinal layer thinning over time. CONCLUSION OCT in CRAO is a useful for determining the severity of retinal ischemia, disease stage, tissue damage mechanism, and final visual outcome. More prospective studies analysing a larger number of cases at fixed time points will be required in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial Registration Number: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubble Mangla
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, 560010, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Venkatesh
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, 560010, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rohini Sangoram
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, 560010, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Isha Acharya
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, 560010, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yash Parmar
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, 560010, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishma Prabhu
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, 560010, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Yadav
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, 560010, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Medical Retina and Vitreoretinal Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop Street, Suite 800, Pittsburg, PA, 15213, USA
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Kim JG, Hong JY, Park J, Park SM, Han K, Kim HJ, Yeom JS. Risk of fracture according to temporal changes of low body weight changes in adults over 40 years: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:948. [PMID: 37231395 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low body weight is associated with an increased risk of fractures. However, the effect of temporal changes in the low body weight status on the risk of fracture remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between temporal changes in low body weight status and the risk of fractures in adults over the age of 40 years. METHODS This study included data on adults over 40 years old who underwent two biannual consecutive general health examinations between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009 extracted from the National Health Insurance Database, a large nationwide population database. Fracture cases in this cohort were monitored from the time of the last health examination to the end of the designated follow-up period (from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018) or the participant's death. Fractures were defined as any fracture resulting in hospitalization or outpatient treatment claim after the date of general health screening. The study population was then separated into four groups based on the temporal changes in low body weight status as follows: low body weight to low body weight (L-to-L), low body weight to non-low body weight (L-to-N), non-low body weight to low body weight (N-to-L), and non-low body weight to non-low body weight (N-to-N). The hazard ratios (HRs) for new fractures, depending on weight changes over time, were calculated using Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS Adults in the L-to-L, N-to-L, and L-to-N groups had a substantially increased risk of fractures after multivariate adjustment (HR, 1.165; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.113-1.218; HR, 1.193; 95% CI, 1.131-1.259; and HR, 1.114; 95% CI, 1.050-1.183, respectively). Although the adjusted HR was greater in participants who changed into having a low body weight, followed by those with consistently low body weight, those with low body weight remained to have an elevated risk of fracture independent of weight fluctuation. Elderly men (aged over 65 years), high blood pressure, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with an increase in fractures (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Individuals aged over 40 years with low body weight, even after regaining normal weight, had an increased risk of fracture. Moreover, having a low body weight after having a normal body weight increased the risk of fractures the most, followed by those with consistently low body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Guel Kim
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Korea University Hospital, Ansan, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Orthopedics, Korea University Hospital, Ansan, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin S Yeom
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, Republic of Korea
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van Eijk E, van der Spek YM, van Deudekom FJA, van den Bos F, Mooijaart SP, Trompet S. Temporal changes in characteristics and external validity of randomized controlled trials in older people from 2012 to 2019. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 37226093 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older individuals are often underrepresented in clinical trials. In 2012 only 7% of RCT's specifically studied older people and their geriatric characteristics were poorly reported. The aim of this review was to investigate temporal changes in characteristics and external validity of randomized controlled trials in older people from 2012 to 2019. METHODS PubMed was searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in 2019. Firstly, the proportion of RCTs specially designed for older people were determined by the following criteria: a reported mean age of ≥ 70 years or a lower age cutoff of ≥ 55. Secondly, the trials with a majority of older people, defined by a reported mean age of ≥ 60 years, were screened for reporting of geriatric assessments. Both parts were compared with identical reviews performed in 2012. RESULTS From a 10% random sample, 1446 RCTs were included in this systematic review. First, 8% of trials were specifically designed for older people in 2019 compared to 7% in 2012. Secondly, 25% of the trials included a majority of older people in 2019, compared to 22% in 2012. Thirdly, in 52% of these trials in 2019 one or more of the geriatric assessments were reported compared to 34% in 2012. CONCLUSIONS Although in 2019 the proportion of published RCTs specifically designed for older people remains low, more characteristics on geriatric assessments were reported compared to 2012. Continued efforts should be paid to increase both the number and the validity of trials for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle van Eijk
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yanna M van der Spek
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frederiek van den Bos
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Saeed S, Mohamed Ali A, Wasim D, Saeed N, Lunde T, Solheim E, Vegsundvåg J, Imazio M. Natural Course of Electrocardiogram Changes and the Value of Multimodality Imaging in Acute Pericarditis. Cardiology 2023; 148:219-227. [PMID: 36948161 DOI: 10.1159/000530207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ECG is the initial diagnostic tool that in combination with typical symptoms often raises the suspicion of pericarditis. Echocardiography remains the first-line imaging modality for assessment of pericardial diseases, particularly effusion/tamponade, constrictive physiology, and assessment of regional wall motion abnormalities as differential diagnoses. However, cardiac CT and cardiac magnetic resonance may be necessary in complicated cases and to identify pericardial inflammation in specific settings (atypical presentation, new onset constriction), as well as myocardial involvement and monitoring the disease activity. SUMMARY In acute pericarditis, the most commonly used ECG criteria recommended by international guidelines are the widespread ST-segment elevation or PR depression. However, the classic ECG pattern of widespread ST-segment elevation or PR depression can be seen in less than 60% of patients. In addition, ECG changes are often temporally dynamic, evolve rapidly during the course of disease, and may be influenced by a number of factors such as disease severity, time (stage) of presentation, degree of myocardial involvement, and the treatment initiated. Overall, temporal dynamic changes on ECG during acute pericarditis or myopericarditis have received limited attention. Hence, the aim of this brief clinical review was to increase awareness about the various ECG changes observed during the course of acute pericarditis. KEY MESSAGES ECG may be normal at presentation or for days after the index episode of chest pain, but serial ECGs can reveal specific patterns of temporally dynamic ST elevation in patients with pericarditis or myopericarditis, particularly during new episodes of chest pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahrai Saeed
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Abukar Mohamed Ali
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daanyaal Wasim
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nasir Saeed
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Lunde
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind Solheim
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital "Santa Maria Della Misericordia", ASUFC, Udine, Italy
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Lv J, Cao CJ, Li W, Li SL, Zheng J, Yang XL. Tear inflammation related indexes after cataract surgery in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:385-393. [PMID: 36686353 PMCID: PMC9850981 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i2.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative studies on the changes in inflammation-related content in tears, especially the effect of diabetes, are lacking. In this study, we measured the preoperative and postoperative tear inflammatory mediator levels in cataract patients, focusing on the expression of inflammatory factors in postoperative cataracts in the diabetic, and investigated the effect of drugs on the control of postoperative inflammation.
AIM To study the expression of inflammatory factors in elderly people with type 2 diabetes after cataract surgery.
METHODS Patients with a mean age of 70.3 ± 6.3 years were divided into group A (composed of elderly patients with cataracts and type 2 diabetes, n = 20 eyes) and group B (patients with age-related cataract, n = 20 eyes). Their tears were collected before each operation and on days 1 and 3, and weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 post-surgery. Saline (150 μL) was dropped into the conjunctival sac of the surgical eye, followed by oculogyration in four directions. The fluid in the conjunctival sac was extracted using a sterile syringe and stored in Eppendorf tubes at -80 °C until measurement. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), TIMP-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-20 in tear fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
RESULTS The postoperative expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, IL-6, and IL-20 in group A were significantly higher than those in group B, whereas the concentration of TIMP-1 in group A remained lower than that in group B. The levels of MMP-2 and IL-6 in both groups continuously increased until the peak in the first postoperative week, and then gradually decreased over the next three weeks. Ultimately, MMP-2 declined to a lower level than that preoperatively at week 4, but IL-6 decreased to the same level as that preoperatively. The level of MMP-9 peaked in the first two weeks postoperative and then returned to the same level as 1-day post-operation. The concentration of TIMP-1 post-operation remained constant at a lower level than before surgery, and TIMP-2 Levels remained stable in both groups. IL-20 content started to increase in the third week after surgery.
CONCLUSION Inflammatory factor levels in tears fluctuated before and post-operation, which indicated more severe postoperative inflammation in the first two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lv
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Cao
- Zigong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- FB Biologie, Philipps-Universitaet Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Shuang-Le Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
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10
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Elnazer AA, Salman SA, Mohamed YMA, Stafford J, Davies P, El Nazer HA. Siwa Oasis groundwater quality: factors controlling spatial and temporal changes. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 195:61. [PMID: 36326936 PMCID: PMC9633493 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Siwa Oasis is of great historical, environmental, and scientific importance, as it contains unique archeological and geological features. Groundwater is the main source of freshwater in that oasis. The carbonate aquifer groundwater, used for irrigation, was sampled to evaluate factors controlling quality changes spatially and temporally by applying hydrochemical and statistical analyses. The salinity of the aquifer varied spatially from 1367 to 8645 mg/l based on one hydrogeological condition, with the highest TDS (> 5432.5 mg/l, 25% of samples) at the central part of the study area. Temporally, the salinity changed slightly from 3754.3 mg/l (in 2014) to 4222.4 mg/l (in 2020). The cession of illegal wells, pumping control, and excavation of formed salts have a noticeable impact on salinity (mediate the increase in salinity) and ions. However, about 61% of the studied samples can be considered unsuitable for irrigation owing to salinity and can harm plant yield. The heavy metals studied (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb), except Cd, were within the permissible limit for irrigation water. Finally, it is proposed to construct desalination stations to enhance water quality for irrigation in the study area and set up many companies for salt extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Elnazer
- Geological Sciences Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Salman A Salman
- Geological Sciences Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser M A Mohamed
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Jason Stafford
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Philip Davies
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hossam A El Nazer
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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11
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Muller P, Woods L. Multiple imputation to minimise bias from missing stage information in estimates of early cancer diagnosis in England: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 79:102198. [PMID: 35724558 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monitoring early diagnosis is a priority of cancer policy in England. Information on stage has not always been available for a large proportion of patients, however, which may bias temporal comparisons. We previously estimated that early-stage diagnosis of colorectal cancer rose from 32% to 44% during 2008-2013, using multiple imputation. Here we examine the underlying assumptions of multiple imputation for missing stage using the same dataset. METHODS Individually-linked cancer registration, Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), and audit data were examined. Six imputation models including different interaction terms, post-diagnosis treatment, and survival information were assessed, and comparisons drawn with the a priori optimal model. Models were further tested by setting stage values to missing for some patients under one plausible mechanism, then comparing actual and imputed stage distributions for these patients. Finally, a pattern-mixture sensitivity analysis was conducted. RESULTS Data from 196,511 colorectal patients were analysed, with 39.2% missing stage. Inclusion of survival time increased the accuracy of imputation: the odds ratio for change in early-stage diagnosis during 2008-2013 was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.6, 1.7) with survival to 1 year included, compared to 1.9 (95% CI 1.9-2.0) with no survival information. Imputation estimates of stage were accurate in one plausible simulation. Pattern-mixture analyses indicated our previous analysis conclusions would only change materially if stage were misclassified for 20% of the patients who had it categorised as late. INTERPRETATION Multiple imputation models can substantially reduce bias from missing stage, but data on patient's one-year survival should be included for highest accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Muller
- Cancer Survival Group, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Laura Woods
- Cancer Survival Group, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
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12
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El-Araby HA, Saber MA, Radwan NM, Taie DM, Adawy NM, Sira AM. Temporal histopathological changes in biliary atresia: A perspective for rapid fibrosis progression. Ann Hepatol 2021; 21:100263. [PMID: 33007429 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Biliary atresia (BA) is characterized by rapid progression of fibrosis with no definite causes. Histopathological findings have been extensively described, but very few studies have assessed temporal changes in BA. Understanding these short-term changes and their relationship with fibrosis progression could have an impact on ameliorating rapid fibrogenesis. We aimed to study the relationship between temporal histopathological changes and fibrosis progression in BA within a short time interval. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-nine infants with BA who underwent Kasai portoenterostomy, a diagnostic liver biopsy, and an intraoperative liver biopsy were recruited. Histopathological characteristics of the two biopsies were examined. Temporal histopathological changes were assessed by comparing the two types of biopsies. Correlation of temporal changes in fibrosis with age, interval between biopsies, laboratory profiles, and temporal histopathological changes were studied. RESULTS In the univariate analysis, bile ductular proliferation (BDP), portal infiltrate, giant cells, hepatocellular swelling, and fibrosis showed significant temporal changes within a short interval (5-31 days). BDP and fibrosis showed the most frequent increase in their grades (32/49 and 31/49 cases, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, BDP was the only independent pathological feature showing a significant temporal increase (p = 0.021, 95% confidence interval: 1.249-16.017). Fibrosis progression was correlated with temporal changes in BDP (r = 0.456, p = 0.001), but not with age (p = 0.283) or the interval between the biopsies (p = 0.309). CONCLUSIONS Fibrosis in BA progresses rapidly and is significantly correlated with BDP. Assessment of targeting BDP as an adjuvant medical therapy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A El-Araby
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Magdy A Saber
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Noha M Radwan
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Doha M Taie
- Department of Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nermin M Adawy
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M Sira
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia, Egypt.
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13
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Loy JK, Seitz NN, Bye EK, Raitasalo K, Soellner R, Törrönen J, Kraus L. Trends in alcohol consumption among adolescents in Europe: Do changes occur in concert? Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109020. [PMID: 34537468 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present paper extends the scope of testing Skog's theory on the 'collectivity of drinking culture' to adolescent alcohol use in 26 European countries. The aim was to 1) examine whether changes in adolescent alcohol use are consistent across different consumption levels, and 2) explore whether trends in heavy and light drinkers diverged or converged. METHOD Data came from six waves of the cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) between 1999 and 2019. The sample consisted of n = 452,935 students aged 15-16 years. Trends in alcohol volume across consumption levels including abstainers were estimated by quantile regression models (50th, 80th, 90th and 95th percentile). Countries were classified according to trends showing (soft/hard) collectivity or (soft/hard) polarisation. Trends in heavy drinkers were compared with the population trend. RESULTS Trends in alcohol consumption at different levels across 26 European countries in the period 1999-2019 were not homogeneous. Collective changes were found in 15 (14 soft/1 hard), and polarised trends in 11 countries (5 soft/6 hard). Collectivity was generally associated with a declining trend. In 18 countries, trends in heavy and light drinkers diverged. CONCLUSION Accepting some variation in the strength of changes across consumption levels, changes in many European countries occurred in the same direction. Yet, diverging trends at different consumption levels in most countries indicate a less beneficial change in heavy compared with light drinkers, implying that in addition to universal population-level strategies, intervention strategies targeting specific risk groups are needed to prevent alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Loy
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Elin K Bye
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsimarja Raitasalo
- Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Renate Soellner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Jukka Törrönen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany; Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Sebaa S, Behnke JM, Baroudi D, Hakem A, Abu-Madi MA. Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal protozoan infection among symptomatic and asymptomatic populations in rural and urban areas of southern Algeria. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:888. [PMID: 34461837 PMCID: PMC8406907 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections worldwide and have been identified as one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality among disadvantaged populations. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections and to identify the significant risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections in Laghouat province, Southern Algeria. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 623 symptomatic and 1654 asymptomatic subjects. Structured questionnaires were used to identify environmental, socio demographic and behavioral factors. Stool specimens were collected and examined using direct wet mount, formalin-ether concentration, xenic in vitro culture and staining methods. RESULTS A highly significant difference of prevalence was found between symptomatic (82.3%) and asymptomatic subjects (14.9%), with the majority attributable to protozoan infection. The most common species in the symptomatic subjects were Blastocystis spp. (43.8%), E. histolytica/dispar (25.4%) and Giardia intestinalis (14.6%) and more rarely Enterobius vermicularis (02.1%), Teania spp. (0.6%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.2%), while in asymptomatic population Blastocystis spp. (8%), Entamoeba coli (3.3%) and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (2.5%) were the most common parasites detected with no case of helminth infection. Multivariate log-linear analysis showed that contact with animals was the main risk factor for transmission of these protozoa in both populations. Furthermore, living in rural areas was significantly associated with combined protozoan infection in the asymptomatic population, whereas, in the symptomatic population an increasing trend of protozoan infection was detected in the hot season. In addition, Blastocystis spp. and G. intestinalis infection were found to be associated with host sex and contact with animals across the study period. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, several strategies are recommended in order to effectively reduce these infections including good animal husbandry practices, health education focused on good personal hygiene practices and adequate sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Sebaa
- Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty SNV, University of Ziane Achour, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Jerzy M Behnke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Djamel Baroudi
- Food Hygiene Laboratory Quality Analysis System, National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ahcene Hakem
- Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty SNV, University of Ziane Achour, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria.,Research Center in Agropastoralism, Moudjbara Road, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Marawan A Abu-Madi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU-Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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15
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Smitz N, De Wolf K, Deblauwe I, Kampen H, Schaffner F, De Witte J, Schneider A, Verlé I, Vanslembrouck A, Dekoninck W, Meganck K, Gombeer S, Vanderheyden A, De Meyer M, Backeljau T, Werner D, Müller R, Van Bortel W. Population genetic structure of the Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus (Diptera, Culicidae), in Belgium suggests multiple introductions. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:179. [PMID: 33766104 PMCID: PMC7995749 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes japonicus japonicus has expanded beyond its native range and has established in multiple European countries, including Belgium. In addition to the population located at Natoye, Belgium, locally established since 2002, specimens were recently collected along the Belgian border. The first objective of this study was therefore to investigate the origin of these new introductions, which were assumed to be related to the expansion of the nearby population in western Germany. Also, an intensive elimination campaign was undertaken at Natoye between 2012 and 2015, after which the species was declared to be eradicated. This species was re-detected in 2017, and thus the second objective was to investigate if these specimens resulted from a new introduction event and/or from a few undetected specimens that escaped the elimination campaign. METHODS Population genetic variation at nad4 and seven microsatellite loci was surveyed in 224 and 68 specimens collected in Belgium and Germany, respectively. German samples were included as reference to investigate putative introduction source(s). At Natoye, 52 and 135 specimens were collected before and after the elimination campaign, respectively, to investigate temporal changes in the genetic composition and diversity. RESULTS At Natoye, the genotypic microsatellite make-up showed a clear difference before and after the elimination campaign. Also, the population after 2017 displayed an increased allelic richness and number of private alleles, indicative of new introduction(s). However, the Natoye population present before the elimination programme is believed to have survived at low density. At the Belgian border, clustering results suggest a relation with the western German population. Whether the introduction(s) occur via passive human-mediated ground transport or, alternatively, by natural spread cannot be determined yet from the dataset. CONCLUSION Further introductions within Belgium are expected to occur in the near future, especially along the eastern Belgian border, which is at the front of the invasion of Ae. japonicus towards the west. Our results also point to the complexity of controlling invasive species, since 4 years of intense control measures were found to be not completely successful at eliminating this exotic at Natoye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Smitz
- Royal Museum for Central Africa (BopCo & Biology Department), Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium.
| | - Katrien De Wolf
- The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isra Deblauwe
- The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Jacobus De Witte
- The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anna Schneider
- The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Verlé
- The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adwine Vanslembrouck
- The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo & Scientific Heritage Service), Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter Dekoninck
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo & Scientific Heritage Service), Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kenny Meganck
- Royal Museum for Central Africa (BopCo & Biology Department), Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Sophie Gombeer
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo & Scientific Heritage Service), Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Vanderheyden
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo & Scientific Heritage Service), Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa (BopCo & Biology Department), Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Thierry Backeljau
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo & Scientific Heritage Service), Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Müller
- The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Bortel
- The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Outbreak Research Team, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
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Xu H, Yang H, Ge Q, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Yu Y, Han D, Cheng J. Long-term study of heavy metal pollution in the northern Hangzhou Bay of China: temporal and spatial distribution, contamination evaluation, and potential ecological risk. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:10718-10733. [PMID: 33099735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystem is vulnerable to heavy metal contamination. The northern Hangzhou Bay is under intensifying impact of anthropogenic activities. To reveal the heavy metal pollution status in the coastal environment of the Hangzhou Bay, a long-term investigation into the heavy metal contamination during 2011 to 2016 was initiated. Seawater and sediment samples of 25 locations depending on the sewage outlet locations in the northern Hangzhou Bay were collected to analyze the concentrations and temporal and spatial distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and As. Pollution condition, ecological risk, and potential sources were additionally analyzed. Results show that the annual mean concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and As were 2.13-4.59, 0.212-1.480, 7.81-20.34, 0.054-0.279, 0.026-0.090, and 1.08-2.57 μg/L in the seawater, and were 16.34-28.35, 16.25-26.33, 67.32-97.61, 0.084-0.185, 0.029-0.061, and 6.09-14.08 μg/L in the sediments. A decreasing trend in Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Hg concentrations and an increasing trend in As of the seawater were observed. However, in the sediment, the heavy metals demonstrated a rising trend, except for Hg. The single-factor pollution index showed an increasing trend in Cd and As in the seawater, depicting an enhanced pollution of Cd and As, while in the sediments, Cu, Pb, and As were in pollution-free level (average Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values below 0) in general, and only occasional slight pollution occurred in individual years, e.g., As with 0.403 in 2016. The mean Igeo values of Cd ranged from - 0.865 to 0.274 during 2011 to 2016, indicating that the pollution level of Cd was slight, but is likely to increase in the forthcoming years. The level of heavy metal contamination in sediments was low in 2011 (5.853) and 2012 (5.172), and moderate during 2013 to 2016 (in the range of 6.107 to 7.598), while the degree of potential ecological risk was low in the study period, except moderate in 2013 (125.107). The highest contamination degree and potential ecological risk appeared in 2013 (Cd = 7.598; RI = 125.107), while Cd and Hg contributed over 75% of the ecological risk. Overall, the results show low pollution level and low potential ecological risk in the northern Hangzhou Bay; however, more attention should be paid to the potential ecological risk due to Hg and Cd. Graphical abstract Spatial distribution of the heavy metal levels in the sediment of the coastal environment of the northern Hangzhou Bay on a long-term basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huahong Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Marine Forecast Center of East China Sea, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Qiyun Ge
- Administrative Service Center, Shanghai Municipal Oceanic Bureau, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhenyi Jiang
- Administrative Service Center, Shanghai Municipal Oceanic Bureau, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Administrative Service Center, Shanghai Municipal Oceanic Bureau, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yamei Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Deming Han
- School of Environmental, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Abstract
Monitoring public psychological and behavioural responses during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is important for the management and control of infection. This study aims to investigate the temporal trend in (1) avoidance and protective behaviors, (2) fear, (3) socio-economic impact, and (4) anxiety levels during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a high level of anxiety may have a detrimental impact during an infectious disease outbreak, factors associated with anxiety were also explored. The survey was carried out for 10 weeks and the responses were divided into three periods of around 3 weeks: 25 January-21 February, 22 February-17 March and 18 March-3 April (the period the Malaysian Government issued Movement Control Order). Findings revealed that most of the pyschobehavioural variables showed small increases during first (25 January-21 February) and second (22 February-17 March) periods, and high psychobehavioral responses were reported during the third period. A total of 72.1% (95%CI = 69.2-75.0) reported moderate to severe anxiety as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Factor influencing moderate to severe anxiety is a high perception of severity (OR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.48-2.94), high perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.71; 95%CI = 1.17-2.50), high impact score (OR = 1.63; 95%CI = 1.17-2.26) and high fear score (OR = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.01-2.14). In conclusion, the psychological and behavioural responses were found to increase with the progression of the outbreak. High anxiety levels found in this study warrant provision of mental health intervention during the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ouyang SM, Zhu HQ, Xie YN, Zou ZS, Zuo HM, Rao YW, Liu XY, Zhong B, Chen X. Temporal changes in laboratory markers of survivors and non-survivors of adult inpatients with COVID-19. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:952. [PMID: 33308159 PMCID: PMC7729703 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and outbreaks have occurred worldwide. Laboratory test results are an important basis for clinicians to determine patient condition and formulate treatment plans. Methods Fifty-two thousand six hundred forty-four laboratory test results with continuous values of adult inpatients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized in the Fifth Hospital in Wuhan between 16 January 2020 and 18 March 2020 were compiled. The first and last test results were compared between survivors and non-survivors with variance test or Welch test. Laboratory test variables with significant differences were then included in the temporal change analysis. Results Among 94 laboratory test variables in 82 survivors and 25 non-survivors with COVID-19, white blood cell count, neutrophil count/percentage, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, platelet-large cell percentage, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer, fibrin (ogen) degradation product, middle fluorescent reticulocyte percentage, immature reticulocyte fraction, lactate dehydrogenase were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and lymphocyte count/percentage, monocyte percentage, eosinophil percentage, prothrombin activity, low fluorescent reticulocyte percentage, plasma carbon dioxide, total calcium, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, albumin-globulin ratio, cholinesterase, total cholesterol, nonhigh-density/low-density/small-dense-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in non-survivors compared with survivors (P < 0.05), in both first and last tests. Prothrombin time, prothrombin international normalized ratio, nucleated red blood cell count/percentage, high fluorescent reticulocyte percentage, plasma uric acid, plasma urea nitrogen, cystatin C, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, myoglobin, creatine kinase (isoenzymes), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, triglyceride were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and eosinophil count, basophil percentage, platelet count, thrombocytocrit, antithrombin III, red blood cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, total carbon dioxide, acidity-basicity, actual bicarbonate radical, base excess in the extracellular fluid compartment, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1/ B were significantly decreased in non-survivors compared with survivors (P < 0.05), only in the last tests. Temporal changes in 26 variables, such as lymphocyte count/percentage, neutrophil count/percentage, and platelet count, were obviously different between survivors and non-survivors. Conclusions By the comprehensive usage of the laboratory markers with different temporal changes, patients with a high risk of COVID-19-associated death or progression from mild to severe disease might be identified, allowing for timely targeted treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05678-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Mao Ouyang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hong-Quan Zhu
- Department of Intensive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ying-Na Xie
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Zou
- Department of Intensive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hui-Min Zuo
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yun-Wei Rao
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Nengovhela A, Denys C, Taylor PJ. Life history and habitat do not mediate temporal changes in body size due to climate warming in rodents. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9792. [PMID: 33024624 PMCID: PMC7520088 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal changes in body size have been documented in a number of vertebrate species, with different contested drivers being suggested to explain these changes. Among these are climate warming, resource availability, competition, predation risk, human population density, island effects and others. Both life history traits (intrinsic factors such as lifespan and reproductive rate) and habitat (extrinsic factors such as vegetation type, latitude and elevation) are expected to mediate the existence of a significant temporal response of body size to climate warming but neither have been widely investigated. Using examples of rodents, we predicted that both life history traits and habitat might explain the probability of temporal response using two tests of this hypothesis. Firstly, taking advantage of new data from museum collections spanning the last 106 years, we investigated geographical and temporal variation in cranial size (a proxy for body size) in six African rodent species of two murid subfamilies (Murinae and Gerbillinae) of varying life history, degree of commensality, range size, and habitat. Two species, the commensal Mastomys natalensis, and the non-commensal Otomys unisulcatus showed significant temporal changes in body size, with the former increasing and the latter decreasing, in relation with climate warming. Commensalism could explain the increase in size with time due to steadily increasing food availability through increased agricultural production. Apart from this, we found no general life history or habitat predictors of a temporal response in African rodents. Secondly, in order to further test this hypothesis, we incorporated our data into a meta-analysis based on published literature on temporal responses in rodents, resulting in a combined dataset for 50 species from seven families worldwide; among these, 29 species showed no significant change, eight showed a significant increase in size, and 13 showed a decline in size. Using a binomial logistic regression model for these metadata, we found that none of our chosen life history or habitat predictors could significantly explain the probability of a temporal response to climate warming, reinforcing our conclusion based on the more detailed data from the six African species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluwani Nengovhela
- South African Research Chair in Biodiversity Value and Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Peter J Taylor
- South African Research Chair in Biodiversity Value and Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa.,Zoology and Entomology Department and Afromontane Research Unit, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
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20
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Davidson MJ, Nielsen PMF, Taberner AJ, Kruger JA. Change in levator ani muscle stiffness and active force during pregnancy and post-partum. Int Urogynecol J 2020; 31:2345-2351. [PMID: 32785748 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-020-04493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS It is assumed changes occur to the biomechanics and viscoelastic response of the levator ani muscle during pregnancy; however, there is limited evidence of this. This study used instrumentation and clinical measures to determine the stiffness and active force capacity of levator ani muscle during pregnancy and post-partum, investigated any associations with delivery outcomes, and explored the biomechanical properties associated with symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. METHODS This was a prospective observational study, with nulliparous women with a singleton low-risk pregnancy. Data were collected at two stages during pregnancy and post-partum. Measurements included the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire, palpation of active force, and elastometry measurements. Post-partum, 3D/4D ultrasound measurements were included. Repeated measures ANOVAs, pairwise comparisons, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Student's t-tests were used as appropriate. RESULTS Fifty-nine women took part in the study. Active force was significantly different over the pregnancy and post-partum, measured with instrumentation (p = 0.002) and palpation (p = 0.006 right, p = 0.029 left). There was no significant change in muscle stiffness during pregnancy. Post-partum muscle stiffness was significantly different between women who gave birth vaginally vs. caesarean section (p = 0.002). Post-partum there were differences in levator hiatal area, symptoms of bladder dysfunction, prolapse symptoms, and sexual dysfunction symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Active force of the levator ani muscle was significantly reduced during pregnancy and in the post-partum period, while muscle stiffness reduced only in those who had vaginal deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Davidson
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Poul M F Nielsen
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Taberner
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer A Kruger
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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de Sousa Gomes-Gonçalves R, Silva de Aguiar F, Costa de Azevedo MC, Araújo FG. Functional stability despite anthropogenic influences on the ichthyofauna of a tropical bay. Mar Environ Res 2020; 159:105016. [PMID: 32662443 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Classifying species into groups based on taxonomic relationship and functions are objective approaches to evaluate environmental and anthropogenic influences on coastal fishes. We evaluated temporal (1993-1995 and 2012-2015) changes in the taxonomic and functional indices in three zones of a tropical bay heavily impacted over the recent decades. We tested the hypothesis that both indices decrease over time as result of the environmental degradation. A decrease in the taxonomic richness and abundance was observed mainly of the inner zone. The functional structure remained relatively stable, but the functional originality decreased significantly between the two periods. This functional loss is of particular concern because the loss of species with unique treats may generate a series of ecosystem damage. This information tells us that the use of functional indices is essential to complement taxonomic assessments and to detect a more detailed understanding of the real dimension of biodiversity loss in impacted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela de Sousa Gomes-Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7, 23970-030, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva de Aguiar
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7, 23970-030, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Costa de Azevedo
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7, 23970-030, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Gerson Araújo
- Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, BR 465, Km 7, 23970-030, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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22
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Muller P, Woods L, Walters S. Temporal and geographic changes in stage at diagnosis in England during 2008-2013: A population-based study of colorectal, lung and ovarian cancers. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 67:101743. [PMID: 32535409 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing diagnosis of cancer when the disease is still at early stages is a priority of cancer policy internationally. In England, reducing geographical inequalities in early diagnosis is also a key objective. Stage at diagnosis is not recorded for many patients, which may bias assessments of progress. We evaluate temporal and geographical changes in stage at diagnosis during 2008-2013 for colorectal, non-small cell lung, and ovarian cancers, using multiple imputation to minimise bias from missing data. METHODS Population-based data from cancer registrations, routes to diagnosis, secondary care, and clinical audits were individually linked. Patient characteristics and recorded stage were summarised. Stage was imputed where missing using auxiliary information (including patient's survival time). Logistic regression was used to estimate temporal and geographical changes in early diagnosis adjusted for case mix using a multilevel model. RESULTS We analysed 196,511 colorectal, 180,048 non-small cell lung, and 29,076 ovarian cancer patients. We estimate that there were very large increases in the percentage of patients diagnosed at stages I or II between 2008-09 and 2012-13: from 32% to 44% for colorectal cancer, 19% to 25% for non-small cell lung cancer, and 28% to 31% for ovarian cancer. Geographical inequalities reduced for colorectal and ovarian cancer. INTERPRETATION Multiple imputation is an optimal approach to reduce bias from missing data, but residual bias may be present in these estimates. Increases in early-stage diagnosis coincided with increased diagnosis through the "two week wait" pathway and colorectal screening. Epidemiological analyses from 2013 are needed to evaluate continued progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Muller
- Cancer Survival Group, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura Woods
- Cancer Survival Group, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Walters
- Cancer Survival Group, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
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23
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Erdmann F, Frederiksen LE, Bonaventure A, Mader L, Hasle H, Robison LL, Winther JF. Childhood cancer: Survival, treatment modalities, late effects and improvements over time. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 71:101733. [PMID: 32461035 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, paediatric oncologists have gradually become better organised in large study groups and participation in clinical trials is today considered as the standard of care, with most children with cancer in Europe and North America being enrolled on available treatment protocols. Chemotherapy is nowadays the main element of therapy, but irradiation is still required for some patients. With the advent of multimodality therapy and supportive care, five-year cancer survival exceeds 80 % in most European and North American countries today. The substantial improvements in survival led to a constantly growing population of childhood cancer survivors. Concerns regarding the risk of late effects of the intensive cancer treatment at a young age, together with increasing numbers of survivors, have directed attention towards survivorship research. Survivors of childhood cancer are at longstanding risk of various severe somatic and mental health conditions attributable to the cancer and its treatment, as well as adverse social and socioeconomic consequences, and diminished psychological well-being and quality of life. It is, however, important to stress that some survivors have no or very mild adverse health conditions. Nevertheless, joint efforts are warranted for the care and long-term follow-up of childhood cancer patients. With this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of improvements in survival and treatment modalities over time, as well as the related somatic and mental late effects, and social and socioeconomic difficulties that these children might encounter later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Erdmann
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Audrey Bonaventure
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Team, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, University of Paris, UMR 1153 INSERM, France
| | - Luzius Mader
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, United States
| | - Jeanette Falck Winther
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Denmark
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24
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Beca-Carretero P, Rotini A, Mejia A, Migliore L, Vizzini S, Winters G. Halophila stipulacea descriptors in the native area (Red Sea): A baseline for future comparisons with native and non-native populations. Mar Environ Res 2020; 153:104828. [PMID: 31733911 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Halophila stipulacea is a small tropical seagrass species native to the Red Sea. Due to its invasive character, there is growing interest in understanding its ability to thrive in a broad range of ecological niches. We studied temporal (February 2014 and July 2014), depth (5, 9, 18 m) and spatial (NB and SB) related dynamics of H. stipulacea meadows in the northern Gulf of Aqaba. We evaluated changes in density, morphometry, biomass, and biochemical parameters alongside the reproductive effort. In both sites, maximal growth and vegetative performance occurred in the summer with a marked increase of 35% in shoot density and 18% in biomass; PAR reduction with season and depth induced a significant increase of 28% in leaf area. Sexual reproduction efforts were only observed in July, and the density of plants carrying male or female flowers decreased significantly with depth. The favorable growth responses of H. stipulacea plants observed in the N-enriched NB site suggests their capacity to acclimate to human-disturbed nearshore environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Beca-Carretero
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; The Dead Sea-Arava Science Center, Tamar Regional Council, Neve Zohar, 86910, Israel; Department of Theoretical Ecology and Modelling, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Alice Rotini
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, I-00133, Rome, Italy; Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, I-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Astrid Mejia
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Migliore
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatrice Vizzini
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy; CoNISMa, Inter-University Consortium for Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Gidon Winters
- The Dead Sea-Arava Science Center, Tamar Regional Council, Neve Zohar, 86910, Israel
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Bonifácio P, Grémare A, Amouroux JM, Labrune C. Climate-driven changes in macrobenthic communities in the Mediterranean Sea: A 10-year study in the Bay of Banyuls-sur-Mer. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10483-10498. [PMID: 31624562 PMCID: PMC6787848 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems worldwide are affected by both natural variation and human activities; to disentangle and understand their individual role in influencing the macrobenthic community composition is challenging. The relationship between interannual variability in atmospheric circulation, dictated by the climatic oscillation indices, and the benthic macrofauna composition was assessed at four sampling sites located in the Bay of Banyuls-sur-Mer (NW Mediterranean Sea). Between 2004 and 2013, these sites were sampled annually during autumn/winter and analyzed for sediment grain-size and benthic macrofauna composition (species richness, abundance, and biomass). Temporal changes in these descriptors were correlated with two climatic indices (NAO and WeMO indices) and a set of environmental parameters integrated over three different time periods (i.e., whole year, springtime, and wintertime). Our results confirm the occurrence of major temporal changes in the composition of macrobenthic communities within the Gulf of Lions. More specifically, the results indicate that (a) the WeMO appears to be more closely related to benthic macrofauna composition in the Bay of Banyuls-sur-Mer than the NAO, (b) winter is a better integration period than spring or the whole year as a proxy for community composition changes, and (c) Rhône River water flow is likely involved in the control of benthic macrofauna composition in the whole Gulf of Lions. The present study highlights the importance of WeMO as a regional proxy, which can be used to evaluate changes in benthic macrofauna linked to climatic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Bonifácio
- CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805Université de BordeauxTalenceFrance
- CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), UMR 8222, Observatoire OcéanologiqueSorbonne UniversitéBanyuls-sur-MerFrance
| | - Antoine Grémare
- CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805Université de BordeauxTalenceFrance
| | - Jean-Michel Amouroux
- CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), UMR 8222, Observatoire OcéanologiqueSorbonne UniversitéBanyuls-sur-MerFrance
| | - Céline Labrune
- CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), UMR 8222, Observatoire OcéanologiqueSorbonne UniversitéBanyuls-sur-MerFrance
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Kidokoro T, Kohmura Y, Fuku N, Someya Y, Suzuki K. Secular trends in the grip strength and body mass index of sport university students between 1973 and 2016: J-Fit +study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2019; 18:21-30. [PMID: 31641364 PMCID: PMC6796634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Sport university students are a unique population because they usually have a strong sport background since early childhood. In this study, we aimed to examine secular trends in grip strength of male, first-year sport university students in comparison with the general population between 1973 and 2016. Methods Existing data on the grip strength of 6,308 sport university students aged 18 years were examined. The data were obtained from the Juntendo Fitness Plus Study, a study of the Department of Physical Education/Health and Sports Science of Juntendo University. For reference, age- and sex-matched data (18 years old, male) on the grip strength were obtained from a national database. Results Compared with the general population, the sport university students had greater body mass index and stronger grip strength at all times. Conclusions The grip strength of sport university students significantly declined between the 1980s and 1990s, and it has plateaued since 2000, albeit at low levels. Compared with the peak performance of sport university students in 1984, the grip strength of students in 2016 was significantly lower by 8.1 kg. The downward trends were also confirmed in the general population during the same periods. In conclusion, the grip strength of sport university students has significantly declined over the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- International Christian University, College of Arts & Science, 3-10-2, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8585, Japan.,Juntendo University, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kohmura
- Juntendo University, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Juntendo University, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Juntendo University, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
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Yang J, Mao L. Understanding temporal change of spatial accessibility to healthcare: An analytic framework for local factor impacts. Health Place 2018; 51:118-124. [PMID: 29579698 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Population demand, health service supply, and the linkages between them (e.g., transport infrastructure) are important factors that determine spatial accessibility to healthcare at a place. These three factors vary differently over time and location, leading to temporal changes and spatial disparities in access to healthcare. Few analytic methods have been developed to measure local impacts of these factors on healthcare accessibility over time, which are essential to alleviating health disparities and evaluating intervention programs. We propose a spatially explicit analytic framework to measure local factor impacts over time by adopting a chain substitution method from economics. The analysis is illustrated by a case study of spatial accessibility to physicians in Florida, USA, from 1990 to 2010. For each census block group, the results show the impact of local population change, physician relocation, and road-network expansion on the loss and gain of healthcare accessibility over time. The leading impact factor are identified for each census block group through comparison, and spatial clusters of factor impacts are discovered. To the literature of healthcare accessibility, this article presents a promising start of factor impact analysis and offers new perspectives in exploring spatial processes underlying people's access to healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Yang
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, United States
| | - Liang Mao
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, United States.
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Abstract
Alterations of specific microbes serve as important indicators that link gut health with specific diet intake. Although a six-week high-protein diet (45% protein) upregulates the pro-inflammatory response and oxidative stress in colon of rats, the dynamic alteration of gut microbiota remains unclear. To dissect temporal changes of microbiota, dynamic analyses of fecal microbiota were conducted using a rat model. Adult rats were fed a normal-protein diet or an HPD for 6 weeks, and feces collected at different weeks were used for microbiota and metabolite analysis. The structural alteration of fecal microbiota was observed after 4 weeks, especially for the decreased appearance of bands related to Akkermansia species. HPD increased numbers of Escherichia coli while decreased Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Ruminococcus bromii, and Roseburia/Eubacterium rectale (P < 0.05), compared to the normal-protein diet. HPD also decreased the copies of genes encoding butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase and Prevotella-associated methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase α-subunit (P < 0.05). The concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate were decreased by HPD (P < 0.05). Additionally, HPD tended to decrease (P = 0.057) the concentration of IgG in the colonic lumen, which was positively correlated with fecal butyrate at week 6 (P < 0.05). Collectively, this study found the temporal alteration of fecal microbiota related to the decreased numbers and activity of propionate- and butyrate-producing bacteria in feces after the HPD. These findings may provide important reference for linking changes of specific fecal microbes with gut health under high-protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Araújo FG, Pinto SM, Neves LM, de Azevedo MCC. Inter-annual changes in fish communities of a tropical bay in southeastern Brazil: What can be inferred from anthropogenic activities? Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 114:102-113. [PMID: 27614564 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We assessed inter-annual changes in fish assemblages of a tropical bay which experienced a heavily industrialized process in the last decades. A highly significant difference in community structure among the bay zones, and a decrease in fish richness and abundance over time were found. Changes in fish richness and abundance between the two first (1987-1988 and 1993-1995) and the two latter time periods (1998-2001 and 2012-2013) were sharpest in the inner bay zone, the most impacted bay area, and in the middle zone, whereas the outer zone remained comparatively stable over time. These changes coincided with increased metal pollution (mainly, Zn and Cd) in the bay and with the enlargement of the Sepetiba Port. Spatial changes in the fish community structure among the bay zones were related to differences in salinity, transparency and depth with this latter variable acting as a buffer stabilizing temporal community changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gerson Araújo
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23.890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Samara Macedo Pinto
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23.890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mitrano Neves
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23.890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Costa de Azevedo
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23.890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liu X, Chen CR, Hughes JM, Wang WJ, Lewis T. Temporal Changes Rather than Long-Term Repeated Burning Predominately Control the Shift in the Abundance of Soil Denitrifying Community in an Australian Sclerophyll Forest. Microb Ecol 2017; 73:177-187. [PMID: 27838765 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To understand the temporal dynamics of soil bacterial denitrifying community in response to long-term prescribed burning and its resilience and recovery following a fire, a wet sclerophyll forest study site under two treatments (2 yearly burning (2YB) and no burning (NB)) and with 40-year-old burning history was used. Similar temporal patterns in the abundance of total (16S rRNA) and denitrifying (narG, nirK, nirS, nosZ) bacteria between two burning treatments revealed strong temporal influences. The magnitude of burning impacts on the abundance of 16S rRNA and denitrification genes was smaller compared with the impact of sampling time, but significant burning and temporal impacts were recorded for all (P < 0.001)-except for the nirS gene. Impacts of prescribed fire on the abundance of soil denitrifying community could be observed immediately after fire, and this impact diminished over a 24-month period prior to the next prescribed burning event. In conclusion, temporal changes govern the fluctuations of the abundance of soil denitrifying genes over the sampling period and the denitrifying community can recover after fire, suggesting that this community is resilient to the effects of prescribed burning. A combination of biotic and abiotic factors may account for the different temporal dynamics of denitrification gene abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - C R Chen
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - J M Hughes
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - W J Wang
- Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Nathan, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Tom Lewis
- Horticulture and Forestry Science Agri-Science, DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry), Nathan, QLD, 4558, Australia
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31
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Kiflawi M, Mann O, Meekan MG. Heterogeneous 'proportionality constants' - A challenge to Taylor's Power Law for temporal fluctuations in abundance. J Theor Biol 2016; 407:155-160. [PMID: 27449788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taylor's Power Law for the temporal fluctuation in population size (TL) posits that the variance in abundance scales according to aM(b); where M is the mean abundance and a and b are the 'proportionality' and 'scaling' coefficients. As one of the few empirical rules in population ecology, TL has attracted substantial theoretical and empirical attention. Much of this attention focused on the scaling coefficient; particularly its ubiquitous deviation from the null value of 2. Here we present a line of reasoning that challenges the power-law interpretation of the empirical log-linear relationship between the mean and variance of population size. At the core of our reasoning is the proposition that populations vary not only with respect to M but also with respect to a; which leaves the log-linear relationship intact but forfeits its power-law interpretation. Using the stochastic logistic-growth model as an example, we show that ignoring among-population variation in a is akin to ignoring the variation in the intrinsic rate of growth (r). Accordingly, we show that the slope of the log-linear relationship (b) is a function of the among-population (co)variation in r and the carrying-capacity. We further demonstrate that local environmental stochasticity is sufficient to generate the full range of observed values of b, and that b can in fact be insensitive to substantial differences in the balance between variance-generating and stabilizing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Kiflawi
- Department of Life-Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, POB 469, Eilat, Israel.
| | - Ofri Mann
- Department of Life-Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, POB 469, Eilat, Israel.
| | - Mark G Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, UWA Ocean Sciences Institute (MO96), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia.
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Lenart-Boroń A, Wolanin AA, Jelonkiewicz Ł, Żelazny M. Factors and Mechanisms Affecting Seasonal Changes in the Prevalence of Microbiological Indicators of Water Quality and Nutrient Concentrations in Waters of the Białka River Catchment, Southern Poland. Water Air Soil Pollut 2016; 227:302. [PMID: 27546923 PMCID: PMC4975758 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-016-2931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This 3-year study was aimed to understand the factors and mechanisms that cause the temporal changes in the concentration of microbiological indicators of water quality and nutrient concentration in selected sites of the Białka river catchment (southern Poland) situated in direct vicinity of the largest ski station in the region. The analysis comprised 35 sampling campaigns conducted in five sites. Water temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured during sampling, laboratory analyses included determination of the selected nutrients content (NH4, NO3, NO2, PO4); and the number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria, coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Based on the cluster analysis, the collected samples were grouped into three to four groups, depending on the most characteristic features. Seasonal variation was evident, showing the predominance of either anthropogenic or natural-environment factors, depending on the considered season. On the other hand, principal component analysis revealed clear effect of various forms of land use in different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lenart-Boroń
- Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Mickiewicza Ave. 24/28, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna A. Wolanin
- Department of Hydrology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jelonkiewicz
- Department of Hydrology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Żelazny
- Department of Hydrology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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Deveau A, Antony-Babu S, Le Tacon F, Robin C, Frey-Klett P, Uroz S. Temporal changes of bacterial communities in the Tuber melanosporum ectomycorrhizosphere during ascocarp development. Mycorrhiza 2016; 26:389-399. [PMID: 26781750 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizae create a multitrophic ecosystem formed by the association between tree roots, mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal fungus, and a complex microbiome. Despite their importance in the host tree's physiology and in the functioning of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, detailed studies on ectomycorrhiza-associated bacterial community composition and their temporal dynamics are rare. Our objective was to investigate the composition and dynamics of Tuber melanosporum ectomycorrhiza-associated bacterial communities from summer to winter seasons in a Corylus avellana tree plantation. We used 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-based pyrosequencing to compare the bacterial community structure and the richness in T. melanosporum's ectomycorrhizae with those of the bulk soil. The T. melanosporum ectomycorrhizae harbored distinct bacterial communities from those of the bulk soil, with an enrichment in Alpha- and Gamma-proteobacteria. In contrast to the bacterial communities of truffle ascocarps that vastly varies in composition and richness during the maturation of the fruiting body and to those from the bulk soil, T. melanosporum ectomycorrhiza-associated bacterial community composition stayed rather stable from September to January. Our results fit with a recent finding from the same experimental site at the same period that a continuous supply of carbohydrates and nitrogen occurs from ectomycorrhizae to the fruiting bodies during the maturation of the ascocarps. We propose that this creates a stable niche in the ectomycorrhizosphere although the phenology of the tree changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Deveau
- UMR1136 INRA Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54280, Champenoux, France.
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sanjay Antony-Babu
- UMR1136 INRA Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54280, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - François Le Tacon
- UMR1136 INRA Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54280, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Robin
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121, Agronomie & Environnement, Nancy-Colmar, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR 1121, Agronomie & Environnement, Nancy-Colmar, Centre INRA de Nancy-Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pascale Frey-Klett
- UMR1136 INRA Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54280, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Uroz
- UMR1136 INRA Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54280, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136, Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, UR1138, Biogéochimie des écosystèmes forestiers, F-54280, Champenoux, France
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Bjerregaard-Olesen C, Bach CC, Long M, Ghisari M, Bossi R, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Henriksen TB, Olsen J, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Time trends of perfluorinated alkyl acids in serum from Danish pregnant women 2008-2013. Environ Int 2016; 91:14-21. [PMID: 26891270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the levels and time trends of perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) in serum of 1533 Danish pregnant nulliparous women between 2008 and 2013. The selection criterion of only including nulliparous women was chosen to avoid confounding from parity. The serum samples were analyzed for sixteen PFAAs using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We investigated the time trends for seven PFAAs, which were detected in more than 50% of the samples: perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA). We found that the serum levels of all seven PFAAs decreased during the period from 2008 to 2013; on average PFHxS decreased with 7.0% per year, PFHpS with 14.8%, PFOS with 9.3%, PFOA with 9.1%, PFNA with 6.2%, PFDA with 6.3%, and PFUnA with 7.1% per year. Adjustment for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), educational level and gestational age at blood sampling did not change the time trends much. To our knowledge, we are the first to report decreasing trends of PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA since year 2000, thereby indicating that the phase-out of these compounds are beginning to show an effect on human serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bjerregaard-Olesen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cathrine C Bach
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mandana Ghisari
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bodil H Bech
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tine B Henriksen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva C Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Lenart-Boroń A, Wolanin AA, Jelonkiewicz Ł, Żelazny M. Factors and Mechanisms Affecting Seasonal Changes in the Prevalence of Microbiological Indicators of Water Quality and Nutrient Concentrations in Waters of the Białka River Catchment, Southern Poland. Water Air Soil Pollut 2016. [PMID: 27546923 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This 3-year study was aimed to understand the factors and mechanisms that cause the temporal changes in the concentration of microbiological indicators of water quality and nutrient concentration in selected sites of the Białka river catchment (southern Poland) situated in direct vicinity of the largest ski station in the region. The analysis comprised 35 sampling campaigns conducted in five sites. Water temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured during sampling, laboratory analyses included determination of the selected nutrients content (NH4, NO3, NO2, PO4); and the number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria, coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Based on the cluster analysis, the collected samples were grouped into three to four groups, depending on the most characteristic features. Seasonal variation was evident, showing the predominance of either anthropogenic or natural-environment factors, depending on the considered season. On the other hand, principal component analysis revealed clear effect of various forms of land use in different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lenart-Boroń
- Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Mickiewicza Ave. 24/28, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna A Wolanin
- Department of Hydrology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jelonkiewicz
- Department of Hydrology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Żelazny
- Department of Hydrology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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Thews O, Vaupel P. Temporal changes in tumor oxygenation and perfusion upon normo- and hyperbaric inspiratory hyperoxia. Strahlenther Onkol 2016; 192:174-81. [PMID: 26501141 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-015-0916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inspiratory hyperoxia under hyperbaric conditions has been shown to effectively reduce tumor hypoxia and to improve radiosensitivity. However, applying irradiation (RT) under hyperbaric conditions is technically difficult in the clinical setting since RT after decompression may be effective only if tumor pO2 remains elevated for a certain period of time. The aim of the present study was to analyze the time course of tumor oxygenation and perfusion during and after hyperbaric hyperoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor oxygenation, red blood cell (RBC) flux for perfusion monitoring, and vascular resistance were assessed continuously in experimental rat DS-sarcomas by polarographic catheter electrodes and laser Doppler flowmetry at 1 and 2 atm (bar) of environmental pressure during breathing of pure O2 or carbogen (95 % O2 + 5 % CO2). RESULTS During room air breathing, the tumor pO2 followed very rapidly within a few minutes the change of the ambient pressure during compression or decompression. With O2 breathing under hyperbaric conditions, the tumor pO2 increased more than expected based on the rise of the environmental pressure, although the time course was comparably rapid. Breathing carbogen, the tumor pO2 followed with a slight delay of the pressure change, and within 10 min after decompression the baseline values were reached again. RBC flux increased during carbogen breathing but remained almost constant with pure O2, indicating a vasodilation (decrease in vascular resistance) with carbogen but a vasoconstriction (increase in vascular resistance) with O2 during hyperbaric conditions. CONCLUSION Since the tumor pO2 directly followed the environmental pressure, teletherapy after hyperbaric conditions does not seem to be promising as the pO2 reaches baseline values again within 5-10 min after decompression.
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Wang H, Yang SH, Yang JP, Lv YM, Zhao X, Pang JL. Temporal changes in soil bacterial and archaeal communities with different fertilizers in tea orchards. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:953-65. [PMID: 25367788 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is important to understand the effects of temporal changes in microbial communities in the acidic soils of tea orchards with different fertilizers. A field experiment involving organic fertilizer (OF), chemical fertilizer (CF), and unfertilized control (CK) treatments was arranged to analyze the temporal changes in the bacterial and archaeal communities at bimonthly intervals based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiling. The abundances of total bacteria, total archaea, and selected functional genes (bacterial and archaeal amoA, bacterial narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results indicate that the structures of bacterial and archaeal communities varied significantly with time and fertilization based on changes in the relative abundance of dominant T-RFs. The abundancy of the detected genes changed with time. The total bacteria, total archaea, and archaeal amoA were less abundant in July. The bacterial amoA and denitrifying genes were less abundant in September, except the nirK gene. The OF treatment increased the abundance of the observed genes, while the CF treatment had little influence on them. The soil temperature significantly affected the bacterial and archaeal community structures. The soil moisture was significantly correlated with the abundance of denitrifying genes. Of the soil chemical properties, soil organic carbon was the most important factor and was significantly correlated with the abundance of the detected genes, except the nirK gene. Overall, this study demonstrated the effects of both temporal alteration and organic fertilizer on the structures of microbial communities and the abundance of genes involved in the nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Institute of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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Cubillos VM, Burritt DJ, Lamare MD, Peake BM. The relationship between UV-irradiance, photoprotective compounds and DNA damage in two intertidal invertebrates with contrasting mobility characteristics. J Photochem Photobiol B 2015; 149:280-8. [PMID: 26117416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photoprotective role of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) against the generation of DNA cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) was studied in the sessile intertidal anemone Actinia tenebrosa and the mobile intertidal gastropod Diloma aethiops through 27months at a mid-latitude New Zealand location. MAA were sequestered by A. tenebrosa and D. aethiops from their diet, although maximum total MAA levels in both species were not correlated with seasonal variation in maximum ambient UV-B levels recorded at the collection site. Temporal changes in total MAA in A. tenebrosa showed a six months lag-time in their concentration regarding to the environmental UV-B levels. This lag period corresponded to an observed increase in CPD production from spring to summer; suggesting that MAA do not completely protect the anemone from UV-B during summer. For D. aethiops, total MAA concentrations did not change significantly during the study, although qualitative changes in MAA were apparent. A month lag-time in MAA concentration in D. aethiops and possibly the physical barrier that the shell confers to the animal, can explain reduced CPD levels in comparative terms with A. tenebrosa. Although MAA are used by invertebrates for photoprotection, contrasting mobility characteristics and the presence of physical adaptations can confer them important protection levels during temporal changes of UV-B at mid-latitude places of the Southern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mauricio Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Miles D Lamare
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barrie M Peake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
The first step in catabolism of hemoglobin in a bruise is performed by the enzyme heme oxygenase, which produces biliverdin that is then reduced to bilirubin. The development of yellow coloration in bruises can be attributed to local accumulation of degradation products of hemoglobin, including bilirubin, but it is not clear why there is a delay before this color change is apparent. One explanation may be that time is required for the establishment of heme oxygenase activity at the bruise site. This study used immunohistochemistry to examine the time course of expression of heme oxygenase-1 and heme oxygenase-2 in a rat bruise model. Heme oxygenase-1 levels rose above background from 6 h to peak from days 1 to 3. There was strong expression by macrophages, but only occasional neutrophils expression of heme oxygenase-1. Heme oxygenase-2 did not change significantly from background levels. The results suggest that the delay in the development of yellow coloration of bruises may in part be attributed to the requirement for macrophages to be recruited to the site of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E I Langlois
- Forensic Science SA, University of Adelaide, 21 Divett Place, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,School of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Kelly Olds
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claire Ross
- Department Anatomical Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Roger W Byard
- Forensic Science SA, University of Adelaide, 21 Divett Place, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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40
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Gebbink WA, Glynn A, Darnerud PO, Berger U. Perfluoroalkyl acids and their precursors in Swedish food: The relative importance of direct and indirect dietary exposure. Environ Pollut 2015; 198:108-115. [PMID: 25590128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed food market basket samples obtained in Sweden from 1999, 2005, and 2010 for perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and a range of precursor compounds. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) precursors were detected in all food year pools with the highest concentrations in 1999. Six polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (diPAPs, 4:2/6:2, 6:2/6:2, 6:2/8:2, 8:2/8:2, 6:2/10:2, and 10:2/10:2) were detected in the year pools with the highest ∑diPAP concentrations in 1999 and 2005. All precursors were predominantly found in meat, fish, and/or eggs based on analysis of individual food groups from 1999. Based on year pools, PFOS precursors contributed between 4 and 1% as an indirect source to total dietary PFOS intakes between 1999 and 2010. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) exposure originated entirely from diPAPs, whereas for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), diPAPs contributed between 1 and 19% to total exposure. The lowest precursor contributions were generally seen in food samples from 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Gebbink
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Glynn
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, National Food Agency, SE 75126 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Ola Darnerud
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, National Food Agency, SE 75126 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urs Berger
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Szalinska E, Grgicak-Mannion A, Haffner GD, Drouillard KG. Assessment of decadal changes in sediment contamination in a large connecting channel (Detroit River, North America). Chemosphere 2013; 93:1773-1781. [PMID: 23830039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) and organic contaminants (PCBs, PAHs) were investigated in samples from the Detroit River (Great Lakes, North America) in 1999 and 2008/09 collected using a stratified random sampling design. Getis-Ord geospatial analysis was used to further establish locations of areas demonstrating significantly high and low contaminant concentrations in the river. Based on the stratified random sampling design, a majority of the examined metals and organic contaminants demonstrated little or no trends with respect to regional sediment concentrations and river-wide mass balances over the investigated time interval. The Getis-Ord analysis revealed local scales of contaminated and clean areas which did not conform to the original strata used in the geostatistical sampling design. It is suggested that geospatial analyses such as Getis-Ord be used in the design of future sediment quality surveys to refine locations of strata that can simultaneously address sediment recovery over system-wide, regional and local spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szalinska
- Institute of Water Supply and Environmental Protection, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
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Kim W, Kim S, Jeong J, Lee KU, Ahn KJ, Chung YA, Hong KY, Chae JH. Temporal changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging activation of heterosexual couples for visual stimuli of loved partners. Psychiatry Investig 2009; 6:19-25. [PMID: 20046369 PMCID: PMC2796039 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2009.6.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous neuroimaging studies on romantic love have focused on determining how the visual stimuli that serve as a representation of loved ones induce the neural activation patterns of romantic love. The purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal changes in romantic love over a period of 6 months and their correlated neurophysiological changes. METHODS Five heterosexual couples (n=10, mean age 21.1+/-1.97) who started dating not less than 100 days previously were recruited to measure their blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while showing them pictures of their loved ones and their previously identified, opposite-sex friends. Subsequently, the subjects were scanned under the same experimental conditions to assess possible changes in their brain activities after 180 days. RESULTS WE FOUND THAT THEIR PASSIONATE LOVE SCORE (PLS) VALUES (M: 118.6+/-9.1, F: 120.2+/-7.0) were significantly reduced after 6 months (M: 110.8+/-4.0, F: 106.2+/-3.0). Furthermore, significantly increased activations were found in the cingulate gyri, inferior frontal gyri, supramarginal gyri, etc., after 6 months, whereas the head and tail of the right caudate nucleus were deactivated, which is indicative of the inhibition of expression and sensory neglect. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that dynamic neural processes in the cortical-subcortical regions are involved in temporal changes in romantic love.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Stress Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungyeon Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaeseung Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook-Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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