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Ma CC, Lin YY, Chung YA, Park SY, Huang CCY, Chang WC, Chang HA. The two-back task leads to activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms: a fNIRS study and its implication for tDCS. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:585-597. [PMID: 38227007 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has shown some potential as an adjunctive intervention for ameliorating negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but its efficacy requires optimization. Recently, 'functional targeting' of stimulation holds promise for advancing tDCS efficacy by coupling tDCS with a cognitive task where the target brain regions are activated by that task and further specifically polarized by tDCS.The study used 48-channel functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) aiming to determine a cognitive task that can effectively induce a cortical activation of the left DLPFC in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms before running a tDCS trial. Sixty schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms completed measures of clinical and psychosocial functioning characteristics and assessments across cognitive domains. Hemodynamic changes during n-back working memory tasks with different cognitive loads (1-back and 2-back) and verbal fluency test (VFT) were measured using fNIRS. For n-back tasks, greater signal changes were found when the task required elevated cognitive load. One sample t-test revealed that only 2-back task elicited significant activation in left DLPFC (t = 4.23, FDR-corrected p = 0.0007). During VFT, patients failed to show significant task-related activity in left DLPFC (one sample t-test, t = -0.25, FDR-corrected p > 0.05). Our study implies that 2-back task can effectively activate left DLPFC in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms. This neurophysiologically-validated task is considered highly potential to be executed in conjunction with high-definition tDCS for "functional targeting" of the left DLPFC to treat negative symptoms in a double-blind randomized sham-control trial, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (ID: NCT05582980).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sonya Youngju Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Wei-Chou Chang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Choi EK, Oh JK, Chung YA, Jeong H, Choi H, Jo K. Prophylactic effect of pilocarpine on acute sialadenitis following radioactive iodine therapy in thyroid cancer patients. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:492-495. [PMID: 38250604 PMCID: PMC10797670 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.84590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of prophylactic pilocarpine on acute salivary symptoms after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods: We enrolled 88 patients (76 women and 12 men; mean age: 47 years; range: 20-74 years) with differentiated thyroid cancer who received RAI. Patients were divided into pilocarpine (51 patients) and control (37 patients) groups. Pilocarpine was given orally, at a dose of 5 mg three times a day, from 2 days before and 12 days after RAI therapy. Symptoms and signs of acute sialadenitis within 3 months of RAI therapy were recorded. Results: During the 3 months after RAI therapy, 13 of the 88 patients (14.7%) developed acute symptomatic sialadenitis (swelling or pain of salivary glands). Acute salivary symptoms were reported by 4 (7.8%) and 9 (24.3%) patients in the pilocarpine and control groups, respectively. Acute salivary symptoms were less frequent in the pilocarpine than control group (p = 0.04), but did not differ by age, sex, or RAI dose (p = 0.3357, p = 0.428, and p = 0.2792). Conclusions: Pilocarpine reduced the likelihood of acute sialadenitis after RAI therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanhoon Jo
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoon H, Choi WH, Joo MW, Ha S, Chung YA. SPECT/CT Radiomics for Differentiating between Enchondroma and Grade I Chondrosarcoma. Tomography 2023; 9:1868-1875. [PMID: 37888740 PMCID: PMC10610631 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9050148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to assess the value of SPECT/CT radiomics parameters in differentiating enchondroma and atypical cartilaginous tumors (ACTs) located in the long bones. Quantitative HDP SPECT/CT data of 49 patients with enchondromas or ACTs in the long bones were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were randomly split into training (n = 32) and test (n = 17) data, and SPECT/CT radiomics parameters were extracted. In training data, LASSO was employed for feature reduction. Selected parameters were compared with classic quantitative parameters for the prediction of diagnosis. Significant parameters from training data were again tested in the test data. A total of 12 (37.5%) and 6 (35.2%) patients were diagnosed as ACTs in training and test data, respectively. LASSO regression selected two radiomics features, zone-length non-uniformity for zone (ZLNUGLZLM) and coarseness for neighborhood grey-level difference (CoarsenessNGLDM). Multivariate analysis revealed higher ZLNUGLZLM as the only significant independent factor for the prediction of ACTs, with sensitivity and specificity of 85.0% and 58.3%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 191.26. In test data, higher ZLNUGLZLM was again associated with the diagnosis of ACTs, with sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 90.9%, respectively. HDP SPECT/CT radiomics may provide added value for differentiating between enchondromas and ACTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjin Yoon
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.); (W.H.C.)
| | - Woo Hee Choi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.); (W.H.C.)
| | - Min Wook Joo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seunggyun Ha
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Jeong H, Song IU, Chung YA, Kim D, Na S, Lee SH. Changes of regional cerebral blood flow after repeated transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy participants: a pilot study. Acta Radiol 2023; 64:2590-2593. [PMID: 37545172 DOI: 10.1177/02841851231185350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can potentially enhance brain function and cognition in healthy individuals as well as in patients with cognitive impairment. However, neural correlates of repeated tDCS remain relatively unexplored in a healthy population. PURPOSE To assess the effects of repeated tDCS on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy volunteers in a pilot investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five healthy adults received bifrontal tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3-F4 montage, 1 mA intensity, 30 minutes/session, five sessions/week) over four weeks. All participants underwent brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans at baseline and one week after the last tDCS session. Changes in rCBF were examined using Statistical Parametric Mapping. RESULTS Resting rCBF was significantly improved in the right superior frontal gyrus at the follow-up (P < 0.001). Adverse events were not reported and the stimulation was well-tolerated. CONCLUSION Repeated tDCS may be effective for enhancing brain function in healthy participants. Larger sham-controlled studies should be performed to confirm our preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyu Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Na
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shin H, Jeong H, Ryu W, Lee G, Lee J, Kim D, Song IU, Chung YA, Lee S. Robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14074. [PMID: 37640754 PMCID: PMC10462606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing demand for robotic coil positioning during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment. Accurate coil positioning is crucial because rTMS generally targets specific brain regions for both research and clinical application with other reasons such as safety, consistency and reliability and individual variablity. Some previous studies have employed industrial robots or co-robots and showed they can more precisely stimulate the target cortical regions than traditional manual methods. In this study, we not only developed a custom-TMS robot for better TMS coil placement but also analyzed the therapeutic effects on depression. Treatment effects were evaluated by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using single-photon emission computed tomography and depression severity before and after rTMS for the two positioning methods. The rTMS preparation time with our robotic coil placement was reduced by 53% compared with that of the manual method. The position and orientation errors were also significantly reduced from 11.17 mm and 4.06° to 0.94 mm and 0.11°, respectively, confirming the superiority of robotic positioning. The results from clinical and neuroimaging assessments indicated comparable improvements in depression severity and rCBF in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between the robotic and manual rTMS groups. A questionnaire was used to determine the patients' feelings about the robotic system, including the safety and preparation time. A high safety score indicated good acceptability of robotic rTMS at the clinical site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Shin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 21431, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Ryu
- Tesollo Inc., Gwangmyeong, 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhu Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyu Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 21431, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Robotics, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Yeh TC, Huang CCY, Chung YA, Park SY, Im JJ, Lin YY, Ma CC, Tzeng NS, Chang HA. Resting-State EEG Connectivity at High-Frequency Bands and Attentional Performance Dysfunction in Stabilized Schizophrenia Patients. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59040737. [PMID: 37109695 PMCID: PMC10141517 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Attentional dysfunction has long been viewed as one of the fundamental underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. There is an urgent need to understand its neural underpinning and develop effective treatments. In the process of attention, neural oscillation has a central role in filtering information and allocating resources to either stimulus-driven or goal-relevant objects. Here, we asked if resting-state EEG connectivity correlated with attentional performance in schizophrenia patients. Materials and Methods: Resting-state EEG recordings were obtained from 72 stabilized patients with schizophrenia. Lagged phase synchronization (LPS) was used to measure whole-brain source-based functional connectivity between 84 intra-cortical current sources determined by eLORETA (exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) for five frequencies. The Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II) was administered for evaluating attentional performance. Linear regression with a non-parametric permutation randomization procedure was used to examine the correlations between the whole-brain functional connectivity and the CPT-II measures. Results: Greater beta-band right hemispheric fusiform gyrus (FG)-lingual gyrus (LG) functional connectivity predicted higher CPT-II variability scores (r = 0.44, p < 0.05, corrected), accounting for 19.5% of variance in the CPT-II VAR score. Greater gamma-band right hemispheric functional connectivity between the cuneus (Cu) and transverse temporal gyrus (TTG) and between Cu and the superior temporal gyrus (STG) predicted higher CPT-II hit reaction time (HRT) scores (both r = 0.50, p < 0.05, corrected), accounting for 24.6% and 25.1% of variance in the CPT-II HRT score, respectively. Greater gamma-band right hemispheric Cu-TTG functional connectivity predicted higher CPT-II HRT standard error (HRTSE) scores (r = 0.54, p < 0.05, corrected), accounting for 28.7% of variance in the CPT-II HRTSE score. Conclusions: Our study indicated that increased right hemispheric resting-state EEG functional connectivity at high frequencies was correlated with poorer focused attention in schizophrenia patients. If replicated, novel approaches to modulate these networks may yield selective, potent interventions for improving attention deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Cathy Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonya Youngju Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325208, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 112003, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
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Yeh TC, Huang CCY, Chung YA, Park SY, Im JJ, Lin YY, Ma CC, Tzeng NS, Chang HA. Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS Modulates Theta-Band EEG Source-Based Large-Scale Functional Network Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020630. [PMID: 36831167 PMCID: PMC9953127 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
EEG studies indicated that schizophrenia patients had increased resting-state theta-band functional connectivity, which was associated with negative symptoms. We recently published the first study showing that theta (6 Hz) transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over left prefrontal and parietal cortices during a working memory task for accentuating frontoparietal theta-band synchronization (in-phase theta-tACS) reduced negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Here, we hypothesized that in-phase theta-tACS can modulate theta-band large-scale networks connectivity in schizophrenia patients. In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, patients received twice-daily, 2 mA, 20-min sessions of in-phase theta-tACS for 5 consecutive weekdays (n = 18) or a sham stimulation (n = 18). Resting-state electroencephalography data were collected at baseline, end of stimulation, and at one-week follow-up. Exact low resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) was used to compute intra-cortical activity. Lagged phase synchronization (LPS) was used to measure whole-brain source-based functional connectivity across 84 cortical regions at theta frequency (5-7 Hz). EEG data from 35 patients were analyzed. We found that in-phase theta-tACS significantly reduced the LPS between the posterior cingulate (PC) and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) in the right hemisphere only at the end of stimulation relative to sham (p = 0.0009, corrected). The reduction in right hemispheric PC-PHG LPS was significantly correlated with negative symptom improvement at the end of the stimulation (r = 0.503, p = 0.039). Our findings suggest that in-phase theta-tACS can modulate theta-band large-scale functional connectivity pertaining to negative symptoms. Considering the failure of right hemispheric PC-PHG functional connectivity to predict improvement in negative symptoms at one-week follow-up, future studies should investigate whether it can serve as a surrogate of treatment response to theta-tACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Cathy Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonya Youngju Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325208, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 112003, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8792-3311 (ext. 17389); Fax: +886-2-8792-7221
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Yeh TC, Huang CCY, Chung YA, Im JJ, Lin YY, Ma CC, Tzeng NS, Chang HA. High-Frequency Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation Modulates Gamma-Band EEG Source-Based Large-Scale Functional Network Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101617. [PMID: 36294755 PMCID: PMC9605300 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with increased resting-state large-scale functional network connectivity in the gamma frequency. High-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) modulates gamma-band endogenous neural oscillations in healthy individuals through the application of low-amplitude electrical noises. Yet, it is unclear if hf-tRNS can modulate gamma-band functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia. We performed a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial to contrast hf-tRNS (N = 17) and sham stimulation (N = 18) for treating negative symptoms in 35 schizophrenia patients. Short continuous currents without neuromodulatory effects were applied in the sham group to mimic real-stimulation sensations. We used electroencephalography to investigate if a five-day, twice-daily hf-tRNS protocol modulates gamma-band (33-45 Hz) functional network connectivity in schizophrenia. Exact low resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) was used to compute intra-cortical activity from regions within the default mode network (DMN) and fronto-parietal network (FPN), and functional connectivity was computed using lagged phase synchronization. We found that hf-tRNS reduced gamma-band within-DMN and within-FPN connectivity at the end of stimulation relative to sham stimulation. A trend was obtained between the change in within-FPN functional connectivity from baseline to the end of stimulation and the improvement of negative symptoms at the one-month follow-up (r = -0.49, p = 0.055). Together, our findings suggest that hf-tRNS has potential as a network-level approach to modulate large-scale functional network connectivity pertaining to negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Cathy Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325208, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 112003, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +011-886-2-8792-3311 (ext. 17389); Fax: +011-886-2-8792-7221
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Park S, Jeong H, Chung YA, Kang I, Kim S, Song IU, Huh R. Changes of regional cerebral blood flow after deep brain stimulation in cervical dystonia. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:47. [PMID: 35943616 PMCID: PMC9363547 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cervical dystonia is considered as a network disorder affecting various brain regions in recent days. Presumably, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) may exert therapeutic effects for cervical dystonia through modulation of the aberrant brain networks. In the present study, we investigated postoperative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes after GPi DBS using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to identify significant activity changes in several relevant brain areas of cervical dystonia patients. Methods A total of 9 patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia were recruited, and SPECT scans were conducted at baseline and 3 months after the bilateral GPi DBS. Voxel-wise changes of rCBF were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Symptom severity of dystonia was measured using Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) at the baseline, and 1 week, and 3 months after GPi DBS. Results At the 3-month follow-up after DBS, rCBF was increased in the left pons and right postcentral gyrus and decreased in the left middle frontal gyrus, left cerebellum, right putamen and pallidum, and left thalamus (p < 0.001). Severity of cervical dystonia assessed by TWSTRS was significantly decreased at 1-week and 3-month follow-up (p = 0.004). Conclusions Clinical improvement of cervical dystonia after GPi DBS may be accompanied by rCBF changes in several brain areas of the cortico-basal ganglia-cerebellar network which are important for sensorimotor integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilhyang Kang
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ryoong Huh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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10
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Im JJ, Na S, Kang S, Jeong H, Lee ES, Lee TK, Ahn WY, Chung YA, Song IU. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for the Treatment of Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD). Front Neurol 2022; 13:868976. [PMID: 35493817 PMCID: PMC9046552 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.868976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a functional vestibular disorder that causes chronic dizziness interfering with daily activities. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has reportedly improved dizziness in patients with phobic postural vertigo in an open-label trial. However, no randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study has been conducted on its therapeutic efficacy in PPPD. Objective This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of tDCS as an add-on treatment to pharmacotherapy in patients with PPPD. In addition, functional neuroimaging was used to identify the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of tDCS. Materials and Methods In a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 24 patients diagnosed with PPPD were randomized to receive active (2 mA, 20 min) or sham tDCS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), administered in 15 sessions over 3 weeks. The clinical measures that assess the severity of dizziness, depression, and anxiety were collected at baseline, immediate follow-up, 1-month follow-up, and 3-month follow-up. Adverse events were also observed. The effect of tDCS on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was evaluated with single photon emission tomography before and after tDCS sessions. Results For the primary outcome measure of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) score, a significant main effect of time was found, but neither the treatment-by-time interaction effect nor the main effect of treatment was significant. For the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score, there was a statistical significance for the treatment-by-time interaction effect and the main effect of time, but not for the main effect of treatment. However, the treatment-by-time interaction effect and the main effect of time on HDRS score appear to be due to one data point, an increase in depressive symptoms reported by the sham group at the 3-month follow-up. For the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores, there were no significant main effects of time, treatment, and treatment-by-time interaction. In a comparison with the changes in rCBF between the groups, a significant treatment-by-time interaction effect was found in the right superior temporal and left hippocampus, controlling for age and sex. Conclusion Active tDCS was not found to be significantly more efficacious than sham tDCS on dizziness symptoms in patients with PPPD. It is conceivable that tDCS targeting the DLPFC may not be an optimal treatment option for reducing dizziness symptoms in PPPD. Our findings encourage further investigation on the effects of tDCS in PPPD, which considers different stimulation protocols in terms of stimulation site or the number of sessions. Clinical Trial Registration cris.nih.go.kr, identifier: KCT0005068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Na
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seunghee Na
| | - Sanghoon Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eek-Sung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Jeong H, Song IU, Chung YA, Park JS, Na SH, Im JJ, Bikson M, Lee W, Yoo SS. Short-Term Efficacy of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound to the Hippocampus in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Preliminary Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020250. [PMID: 35207738 PMCID: PMC8878180 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have suggested that low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) may have therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by opening the blood–brain barrier (BBB), reducing amyloid pathology, and improving cognition. This study investigated the effects of tFUS on BBB opening, regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglu), and cognitive function in AD patients. Eight patients with AD received image-guided tFUS to the right hippocampus immediately after intravenous injection of microbubble ultrasound contrast agents. Patients completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET), and cognitive assessments before and after the sonication. No evidence of transient BBB opening was found on T1 dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. However, immediate recall (p = 0.03) and recognition memory (p = 0.02) were significantly improved on the verbal learning test. PET image analysis demonstrated increased rCMRglu in the right hippocampus (p = 0.001). In addition, increases of hippocampal rCMRglu were correlated with improvement in recognition memory (Spearman’s ρ = 0.77, p = 0.02). No adverse event was observed. Our results suggest that tFUS to the hippocampus of AD patients may improve rCMRglu of the target area and memory in the short term, even without BBB opening. Further larger sham-controlled trials with loger follow-up are warranted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tFUS in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (H.J.); (J.J.I.)
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (S.-H.N.)
- Correspondence: (I.-U.S.); (Y.-A.C.); Tel.: +82-32-280-5010 (I.-U.S.); +82-32-280-5242 (Y.-A.C.); Fax: +82-32-280-5244 (I.-U.S. & Y.-A.C.)
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (H.J.); (J.J.I.)
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-U.S.); (Y.-A.C.); Tel.: +82-32-280-5010 (I.-U.S.); +82-32-280-5242 (Y.-A.C.); Fax: +82-32-280-5244 (I.-U.S. & Y.-A.C.)
| | - Jong-Sik Park
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (S.-H.N.)
| | - Seung-Hee Na
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (S.-H.N.)
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (H.J.); (J.J.I.)
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA;
| | - Wonhye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
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12
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Im JJ, Jeong H, Kim YD, Jang KS, Song IU, Chung YA. Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Abnormalities in Neurosyphilis: A Pilot SPECT Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:726006. [PMID: 34858307 PMCID: PMC8631505 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.726006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Clinical and radiological findings on neurosyphilis are fairly non-specific and there is a paucity of functional neuroimaging studies on neurosyphilis other than case reports and case series. The purpose of this study was to investigate brain perfusion abnormalities in patients with neurosyphilis. Methods: Four HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients and 4 healthy controls underwent clinical evaluation, brain technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, and neuropsychological assessments which included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB), and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Voxel-wise differences in regional cerebral blood flow were compared between the two groups. Results: Neuropsychological test results indicated cognitive impairment in all patients. SPECT analysis revealed multifocal hypoperfusion predominantly in the frontal, insular, and posterior cingulate regions in neurosyphilis patients compared with healthy controls (family-wise error corrected p < 0.05). Conclusions: Together with previous findings, our results suggest that the hypoperfusion in the frontal, insular, and posterior cingulate regions may reflect cognitive impairments observed in neurosyphilis patients. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon J Im
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Do Kim
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sool Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Lee S, Kim TD, Kim RY, Joo Y, Chung YA, Lim SM, Lyoo IK, Kim J, Yoon S. Hippocampal subregional alterations and verbal fluency in the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7550-7559. [PMID: 34687097 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related cognitive dysfunction may develop in the early stage of the disease and is often accompanied by hippocampal structural alterations. In the current study, we investigated volume and shape alterations of the hippocampus at a subregional level in patients with T2DM. With the use of high-resolution brain structural images that were obtained from 30 T2DM patients with less than 5 years of disease duration and 30 healthy individuals, volumetric and shape analyses were performed. We also assessed the relationship between T2DM-related hippocampal structural alterations and performance on verbal fluency. In volumetric analysis, total hippocampal volume was smaller in the T2DM group, relative to the control group. At a subregional level, T2DM patients showed significant inward deformation and volume reduction of the right dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis 2/3 subregions as compared with healthy individuals. In particular, T2DM patients with lower performance on verbal fluency had smaller right dentate gyrus volumes relative to those with higher performance. These findings suggest that the hippocampus may undergo atrophy at a subregional level even in the early stage of T2DM, and this subregion-specific atrophy may be associated with reduced performance on verbal fluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tammy D Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rye Young Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonji Joo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Choi EK, Oh JK, Seo YY, Im JJ, Chung YA. Prognostic value of pretreatment F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in colorectal cancer with unresectable metastasis. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:639-645. [PMID: 33625189 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of pretreatment PET/computed tomography (CT) scans in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with unresectable metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the pretreatment PET/CT images of 82 CRC patients with unresectable metastasis and their medical records. On PET/CT images, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary tumor, highest SUVmax of metastatic tumors and number of metastatic organs were identified. The patients were further divided into single and multiple organ metastases groups according to the extent of disease. Survival analysis was performed with the clinical variables and metabolic parameters from PET/CT. RESULTS In a total of 82 patients, the age of patients, highest SUVmax of metastatic tumors and number of metastatic organs were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) (all P < 0.05), whereas the SUVmax of primary tumor was not. On multivariate analysis, only the SUVmax of metastatic tumor was a significant prognostic factor in the single organ metastasis group (P = 0.047), whereas the age and highest SUVmax of metastatic tumors were independent prognostic factors in the multiple organ metastases group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The highest SUVmax of metastatic tumors was an independent prognostic factor for OS in CRC patients with unresectable metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St.Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St.Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ye Young Seo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St.Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St.Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The current lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the rapidly increasing burden of the disease highlight the urgent need to find new treatments. Despite accumulating evidence of the beneficial effects of rasagiline in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, the effects of rasagiline on the brains of patients with AD have not been elucidated. PURPOSE To examine the effects of rasagiline on regional cerebral flow (rCBF) in patients with AD using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Among 22 patients with AD, 11 patients received adjunctive rasagiline at 1 mg/day in conjunction with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI); 11 patients were only treated with AChEI for about 1.6 years. All patients underwent brain technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime SPECT scans and clinical assessments at baseline and follow-up visits. Annual percent changes in rCBF were compared between the groups in a voxel-wise manner. RESULTS SPECT analysis revealed that the rasagiline-treated group showed more increased rCBF in the cingulate gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, putamen, and thalamus compared to the comparison group (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that adjunctive rasagiline treatment may have beneficial effects on brain perfusion in patients with AD, suggesting potential neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Na
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Choi EK, Kim YD, Jeong H, Chung YA, Oh JK, Song IU. Imaging Characteristics of Brain SPECT, PET, and MRI in Neurosyphilis. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:48-51. [PMID: 33643490 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neurosyphilis has declined since effective penicillin therapy against Treponema pallidum was introduced. However, the diagnosis of neurosyphilis early in the disease course is very important in order to select appropriate antibiotic therapy. We report brain MRI, SPECT with Tc-99m ECD, and PET with F-18 FDG findings before antibiotic therapy in a neurosyphilis patient with neurological symptoms. The cerebral cortices showed hypoperfusion with a patchy distribution on SPECT and foci with high signal intensity on MRI, suggesting ischemia. Brain PET showed areas with hypometabolism in the temporoparietal lobes bilaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Do Kim
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Jeong H, Im JJ, Park JS, Na SH, Lee W, Yoo SS, Song IU, Chung YA. A pilot clinical study of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound in Alzheimer's disease. Ultrasonography 2021; 40:512-519. [PMID: 33730775 PMCID: PMC8446491 DOI: 10.14366/usg.20138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increasing attention has been paid to low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) for its potential therapeutic effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). While preclinical studies have shown promising therapeutic effects of low-intensity tFUS in AD models, its efficacy and safety remain unclear in humans. In this pilot study, we investigated the effects of low-intensity tFUS on blood-brain barrier opening, the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglu), and cognition in patients with AD. Methods After receiving institutional review board approval, four patients with AD received tFUS to the hippocampus immediately after an intravenous injection of a microbubble ultrasound contrast agent. Sonication was delivered at low-intensity, at a pressure level below the threshold for blood-brain barrier opening. Patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and neuropsychological assessments before and after the tFUS procedure. A whole-brain voxel-wise paired t test was conducted to compare rCMRglu before and after tFUS. Results The sonication, as anticipated, did not show evidence of active blood-brain barrier opening on T1 dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. rCMRglu in the superior frontal gyrus (P<0.001), middle cingulate gyrus (P<0.001), and fusiform gyrus increased after tFUS (P=0.001). Patients demonstrated mild improvement in measures of memory, executive, and global cognitive function following tFUS. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion These results suggest that hippocampal sonication with low-intensity tFUS may have beneficial effects on cerebral glucose metabolism and cognitive function in patients with AD. Further larger studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of tFUS in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Park
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Na
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonhye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Im JJ, Na S, Jeong H, Chung YA. A Review of Neuroimaging Studies in Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD). Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:53-60. [PMID: 33968271 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-020-00675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a functional vestibular disease characterized by persistent dizziness, unsteadiness, and/or non-spinning vertigo, and is the most common vestibular syndrome in young adults. A stiffened postural control strategy, shift to reliance on visual over vestibular information, and hypervigilance to the environment have been suggested as possible pathophysiological mechanisms of PPPD. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, neuroimaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography have provided pivotal insights into the pathophysiology of PPPD. The aim of this review was to evaluate and summarize the existing data on neuroimaging studies in PPPD. In summary, these studies fairly consistently reported decreased brain structure, function, and connectivity among the areas involved in multisensory vestibular processing and spatial cognition, and increased function and connectivity in the visual processing areas in patients with PPPD. The detected brain changes might reflect maladaptive and compensatory mechanisms including dysfunctional integration of multisensory vestibular information and visual dependence. Notably, various factors including personality traits (i.e., neuroticism), psychiatric comorbidities (i.e., anxiety and depression), and triggering factors (i.e., peripheral vestibular lesions) seem to modulate brain functional activity and connectivity patterns, possibly accounting for some differences across the results. Future studies should carefully control for these confounding effects in order to draw firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Na
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Jeong H, Oh JK, Choi EK, Im JJ, Yoon S, Knotkova H, Bikson M, Song IU, Lee SH, Chung YA. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on addictive behavior and brain glucose metabolism in problematic online gamers. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:1011-1021. [PMID: 33361487 PMCID: PMC8969730 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Some online gamers may encounter difficulties in controlling their gaming behavior. Previous studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on various kinds of addiction. This study investigated the effects of tDCS on addictive behavior and regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglu) in problematic online gamers. METHODS Problematic online gamers were randomized and received 12 sessions of either active (n = 13) or sham tDCS (n = 13) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex over 4 weeks (anode F3/cathode F4, 2 mA for 30 min, 3 sessions per week). Participants underwent brain 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans and completed questionnaires including the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), and Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System scales (BIS/BAS) at the baseline and 4-week follow-up. RESULTS Significant decreases in time spent on gaming (P = 0.005), BIS (P = 0.03), BAS-fun seeking (P = 0.04), and BAS-reward responsiveness (P = 0.01), and increases in BSCS (P = 0.03) were found in the active tDCS group, while decreases in IAT were shown in both groups (P < 0.001). Group-by-time interaction effects were not significant for these measures. Increases in BSCS scores were correlated with decreases in IAT scores in the active group (β = -0.85, P < 0.001). rCMRglu in the left putamen, pallidum, and insula was increased in the active group compared to the sham group (P for interaction < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS tDCS may be beneficial for problematic online gaming potentially through changes in self-control, motivation, and striatal/insular metabolism. Further larger studies with longer follow-up period are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Helena Knotkova
- MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY, USA,Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Corresponding author.
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Corresponding author.
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Na S, Im JJ, Jeong H, Lee ES, Lee TK, Chung YA, Song IU. Altered Regional Cerebral Blood Perfusion in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Dizziness. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100777. [PMID: 33008120 PMCID: PMC7599883 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dizziness is a common symptom among the general population, especially in the elderly. Previous studies have reported that dizziness may be associated with various cognitive functions including memory impairment. However, few studies have investigated the neural correlates of dizziness in patients with cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with or without dizziness using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A total of 50 patients with MCI were recruited. All participants underwent technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer brain SPECT and a neuropsychological battery and completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Participants were divided into a dizziness group (DHI ≥ 1, n = 18) and a non-dizziness group (DHI = 0, n = 32). Voxel wise differences in rCBF between the groups were estimated. SPECT analysis revealed decreased rCBF in the left superior temporal gyrus, left lateral orbital gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus in the dizziness group compared with the non-dizziness group (p < 0.005). No significant clusters of increased rCBF were observed in the dizziness group compared with the non-dizziness group. Results of the neuropsychological tests showed a significant difference in Controlled Oral Word Association Test performance between MCI patients with and without dizziness. In conclusion, MCI patients with dizziness showed multifocal frontal and left temporal hypoperfusion compared with patients without dizziness. Our results suggest that hypoperfusion in the frontal and temporal cortices might be reflecting the negative impact of dizziness in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Na
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea;
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (J.J.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (J.J.I.); (H.J.)
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea
| | - Eek-Sung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (E.-S.L.); (T.-K.L.)
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (E.-S.L.); (T.-K.L.)
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (J.J.I.); (H.J.)
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-A.C.); (I.-U.S.); Tel.: +82-32-280-5243 (Y.-A.C.); +82-32-280-5010 (I.-U.S.)
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-A.C.); (I.-U.S.); Tel.: +82-32-280-5243 (Y.-A.C.); +82-32-280-5010 (I.-U.S.)
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Na S, Jeong H, Park JS, Chung YA, Song IU. The Impact of Amyloid-Beta Positivity with 18F-Florbetaben PET on Neuropsychological Aspects in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100380. [PMID: 32977481 PMCID: PMC7598210 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropathology of Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) is heterogenous, and the impacts of each pathophysiology and their synergistic effects are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and impacts of co-existence with Alzheimer’s disease in patients with PDD by using 18F-florbetaben PET imaging. A total of 23 patients with PDD participated in the study. All participants underwent 18F-florbetaben PET and completed a standardized neuropsychological battery and assessment of motor symptoms. The results of cognitive tests, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and motor symptoms were analyzed between the positive and negative 18F-florbetaben PET groups. Four patients (17.4%) showed significant amyloid burden. Patients with amyloid-beta showed poorer performance in executive function and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms than those without amyloid-beta. Motor symptoms assessed by UPDRS part III and the modified H&Y Scale were not different between the two groups. The amyloid PET scan of a patient with PDD can effectively reflect a co-existing Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Amyloid PET scans might be able to help physicians of PDD patients showing rapid progression or severe cognitive/behavioral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Na
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (S.N.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Park
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (S.N.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-A.C.); (I.-U.S.); Tel.: +82-32-280-5242 (Y.-A.C.); Tel.: +82-32-280-5010 (I.-U.S.); Fax: +82-32-280-5244 (Y.-A.C. & I.-U.S.)
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Korea; (S.N.); (J.-S.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-A.C.); (I.-U.S.); Tel.: +82-32-280-5242 (Y.-A.C.); Tel.: +82-32-280-5010 (I.-U.S.); Fax: +82-32-280-5244 (Y.-A.C. & I.-U.S.)
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22
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Kang HJ, Yoon S, Lee S, Choi K, Seol S, Park S, Namgung E, Kim TD, Chung YA, Kim J, Han JS, Lyoo IK. FKBP5-associated miRNA signature as a putative biomarker for PTSD in recently traumatized individuals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3353. [PMID: 32098997 PMCID: PMC7042218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression related to the FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene may contribute to the risk of stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we identified candidate miRNAs derived from FKBP5 knockout mice as a potential diagnostic biomarker of PTSD. Using a translational approach, candidate miRNAs found to alter in expression within the medial prefrontal cortex of FKBP5 knockout mice were selected. Each candidate miRNA was examined in the serum of 48 recently traumatized individuals with PTSD and 47 healthy individuals. Multimodal imaging was also conducted to identify the neural correlates for the expression of candidate exosomal miRNAs in response to trauma exposure. Differential miRNA expression was found according to PTSD diagnosis in two composite marker groups. The differential miRNA expression between the composite marker groups contributed to PTSD symptom severity, which may be explained by differential recruitment of prefrontolimbic activity in brain imaging. The present study reveals that a set of circulating exosomal miRNAs showing altered expression in FKBP5 knockout mice play a potential role as epigenetic markers of PTSD. The corroborative evidence from multiple levels including molecular, brain, and behavioral indicates that these epigenetic biomarkers may serve as complementary measures for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of PTSD in recently traumatized individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Koeul Choi
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sihwan Seol
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinwon Park
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Namgung
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tammy D Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea. .,The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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23
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Kim SK, Jeong H, Im JJ, Lee SH, Chung YA. PET Hypometabolism of the Prefrontal-Cingulate Cortices in Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:566518. [PMID: 33519539 PMCID: PMC7843565 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.566518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, excessive and uncontrolled use of online games has been recognized as a public concern. Although previous neuroimaging studies have reported structural and functional brain deficits in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), very few studies have investigated the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglu). This study investigated the differences in rCMRglu between individuals with IGD and healthy controls using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET). A total of 23 adults with IGD and 23 controls underwent brain 18F-FDG PET scans and completed self-report questionnaires. A whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of rCMRglu was conducted and associations between rCMRglu and severity of IGD were assessed. The IGD group showed higher impulsivity (p = 0.04) and lower self-control (p = 0.002) than the control group. In addition, the IGD group had lower FDG uptake in the left medial orbitofrontal gyrus, left middle cingulate cortex, left superior frontal gyrus, and right anterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.001). A significant negative association was found between the rCMRglu in the right anterior cingulate cortex and the number of fulfilled diagnostic criteria for IGD (β = -0.50, p = 0.02). Our results suggest that IGD may be associated with deficits of glucose metabolism in the prefrontal-cingulate cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ki Kim
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Objective To compare the prognostic values of metabolic parameters from pretreatment PET/CT between limited disease (LD) and extensive disease (ED) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Methods Data on 118 newly diagnosed SCLC patients (50 LD and 68 ED) who underwent pretreatment positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) were reviewed. For PET, metabolic parameters were measured for: (1) primary tumor, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis; and (2) all tumor lesions, SUVmax of the hottest tumor, whole body metabolic tumor volume (WBMTV), and whole body total lesion glycolysis (WBTLG). Prognostic values of metabolic parameters and other clinical variables were analyzed to predict overall survival (OS). Results In LD, SUVmax of the primary tumor was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Patients with high SUVmax showed significantly worse OS than those with low SUVmax. In ED, WBMTV and WBTLG were independent prognostic factors for OS. Patients with high WBMTV or WBTLG showed significantly worse OS than those with low WBMTV or WBTLG. Conclusions SUVmax of primary tumor was the only independent prognostic factor for OS in LD SCLC patients. WBMTV and WBTLG were independent prognostic factors in ED SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Jin Kyoung Oh, Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56, Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea.
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Song IU, Na SH, Im JJ, Jeong H, Chung SW, Chung YA. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Clinical and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow SPECT Outcomes. J Neuroimaging 2019; 30:161-164. [PMID: 31762114 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Over the course of treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), the clinical effects of dopaminergic medication diminish and side effects emerge. Therefore, searching for new therapeutic alternatives or complementary treatments is required. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could potentially complement the current therapeutic armamentarium, but only a few studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of tDCS in PD. The present pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated tDCS treatment on motor symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with PD using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS Four patients with PD received tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex two times per week (anode F3/cathode F4, 2 mA for 30 minutes) over a period of 12 months. Patients underwent brain SPECT scans and clinical motor evaluation at baseline and 12-month follow-up. For SPECT data, voxel-wise changes in rCBF were analyzed. RESULTS There was no significant change of the motor severity scale, but the follow-up SPECT showed significant hyperperfusion in the left superior frontal gyrus medial segment and left superior parietal lobule compared to baseline (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that tDCS application may improve rCBF in the frontal and parietal lobes in patients with PD, suggesting beneficial effects of tDCS on brain function. Our results are preliminary and further large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Na
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Chung
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SH, Im JJ, Oh JK, Choi EK, Yoon S, Bikson M, Song IU, Jeong H, Chung YA. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31762463 DOI: 10.3791/60007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that applies a weak electric current to the scalp to modulate neuronal membrane potentials. Compared to other brain stimulation methods, tDCS is relatively safe, simple, and inexpensive to administer. Since excessive online gaming can negatively affect mental health and daily functioning, developing treatment options for gamers is necessary. Although tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has demonstrated promising results for various addictions, it has not been tested in gamers. This paper describes a protocol and a feasibility study for applying repeated tDCS over the DLPFC and neuroimaging to examine the underlying neural correlates in gamers. At baseline, individuals who play online games report average weekly hours spent on games, complete questionnaires on addiction symptoms and self-control, and undergo brain 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). The tDCS protocol consists of 12 sessions over the DLPFC for 4 weeks (anode F3/cathode F4, 2 mA for 30 min per session). Then, a follow-up is conducted using the same protocol as the baseline. Individuals who do not play online games receive only baseline FDG-PET scans without tDCS. Changes of clinical characteristics and asymmetry of regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglu) in the DLPFC are examined in gamers. In addition, asymmetry of rCMRglu is compared between gamers and non-gamers at baseline. In our experiment, 15 gamers received tDCS sessions and completed baseline and follow-up scans. Ten non-gamers underwent FDG-PET scans at the baseline. The tDCS reduced addiction symptoms, time spent on games, and increased self-control. Moreover, abnormal asymmetry of rCMRglu in the DLPFC at baseline was alleviated after tDCS. The current protocol may be useful for assessing treatment efficacy of tDCS and its underlying brain changes in gamers. Further randomized sham-controlled studies are warranted. Moreover, the protocol can be applied to other neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea;
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea;
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27
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Jeong H, Chung YA, Ma J, Kim J, Hong G, Oh JK, Kim M, Ha E, Hong H, Yoon S, Lyoo IK. Diverging roles of the anterior insula in trauma-exposed individuals vulnerable or resilient to posttraumatic stress disorder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15539. [PMID: 31664062 PMCID: PMC6820768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct brain alterations in response to traumatic events may render trauma-exposed individuals either resilient or vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study compared regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglu) among trauma-exposed individuals with current PTSD (PTSD group, n = 61), those without current PTSD (Resilience/Recovery group, n = 26), and trauma-unexposed controls (Control group, n = 54). All participants underwent brain [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans. Voxel-wise group differences in rCMRglu among the three groups were evaluated. Associations between rCMRglu and both PTSD severity and resilience were examined. The rCMRglu in the right anterior insula and adjacent prefrontal and striatal areas was lower in the PTSD group, while higher in the Resilience/Recovery group, compared to the Control group. In addition, the lower glucose metabolism of these areas was associated with higher severity and less improvement in PTSD symptoms in the PTSD group, while the higher levels of rCMRglu were correlated with stronger resilience in the Resilience/Recovery group. This study suggests distinct roles of the anterior insula in response to trauma between the PTSD and Resilience/Recovery groups. Heightened rCMRglu in the anterior insular regions may reflect an underlying mechanism of resilience against traumatic stress, while reduced rCMRglu may indicate vulnerability to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gahae Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongju Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Ha
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haejin Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Choi JB, Cho KJ, Kim JC, Kim CH, Chung YA, Jeong HS, Shim YS, Koh JS. The Effect of Daily Low Dose Tadalafil on Cerebral Perfusion and Cognition in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2019; 17:432-437. [PMID: 31352710 PMCID: PMC6705107 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.3.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of daily low-dose tadalafil on cognitive function and to examine whether there was a change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and mild cognitive impairment. Methods Male patients aged 50 to 75 years with at least three months of ED (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]-5 score ≤ 21) and mild cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score ≤ 22) were included in the study. The subjects were prescribed a low-dose PDE5 inhibitor (tadalafil 5 mg) to be taken once daily for eight weeks. Changes in MoCA score and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study between the two time-points were assessed by paired t tests. Results Overall, 30 male patients were assigned to the treatment group in this study and 25 patients completed the eight-week treatment course. Five patients were withdrawn due to adverse events such as myalgia and dizziness. Mean baseline IIEF and MoCA scores were 7.52 ± 4.84 and 18.92 ± 1.78. After the eight-week treatment, mean IIEF and MoCA scores were increased to 12.92 ± 7.27 (p < 0.05) and 21.8 ± 1.71 (p < 0.05), respectively. Patients showed increased relative regional CBF in the postcentral gyrus, precuneus, and brainstem after tadalafil administration versus at baseline (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this prospective clinical study suggest that daily use of tadalafil 5 mg increases some regional CBF and improves cognitive function in patients with ED and mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bong Choi
- Departments of Urology College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Jun Cho
- Departments of Urology College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Chul Kim
- Departments of Urology College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Ho Kim
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonseok S Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Soo Shim
- Neurology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Koh
- Departments of Urology College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Im JJ, Jeong H, Chung YA, Park JS, Heo Y, Oh JK, Song IU. Neuroprotective Effects of Rasagiline in Parkinson's Disease: A Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Study. J Neuroimaging 2019; 29:707-711. [PMID: 31463990 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite accumulating evidence for the clinical efficacy and neuroprotective properties of rasagiline in Parkinson's disease (PD), effects of rasagiline on brain perfusion in PD patients have not been elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of rasagiline on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with PD using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS A total of 44 PD patients were recruited and treated with dopamine agonist, either alone or in combination with levodopa. Twenty-two of these patients (referred to as the rasagiline group) additionally received rasagiline (1 mg/day). All patients underwent brain SPECT scans and clinical assessments at baseline and follow-up visits. The mean follow-up period was 2.2 years. Changes in rCBF were compared between the rasagiline group and the comparison group in a voxel-wise manner. RESULTS Annual change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score was lower in the rasagiline group compared to the comparison group (P = .01). A significant group-by-time interaction effect on rCBF was found in the right precuneus (P = .001), where rCBF was decreased in the comparison group and remained stable in the rasagiline group. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that adjunctive rasagiline treatment had beneficial effects on perfusion in the precuneus of PD patients, suggesting potential neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Park
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngje Heo
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Apologizing is an effective interpersonal conflict resolution strategy, but whether, and if so how, organizations should issue public apologies after crises remains less clear. To assuage the fear of possible crisis reoccurrence, public apologies may be effective when they provide a comprehensive account of what happened and clarify actions taken by the company to address the problems. If this is so, public apologies may be most effective when the crisis source resides within the organization itself, suggesting that the company has control over it. In the current study, we first tested this hypothesis by presenting participants with multiple crisis scenarios (e.g., ignition failures in a new car model) followed by one of two written apologies: one stating that the crisis source was internal to and controllable by the organization, and the other external and uncontrollable. The internal-controllable (IC) public apology proved most effective. We then examined the neural basis of this public apology assessment and found that the frontal polar cortex appears to mediate the assessment of organizational control, and the angular gyrus uses the information for the apology assessment. Examination of complex social interactions, such as the public’s reaction to corporate crises, helps to elucidate high-level brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoh Kim
- Graduate School of Culture Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jerald D Kralik
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyongsik Yun
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeseung Jeong
- Graduate School of Culture Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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Im JJ, Jeong H, Bikson M, Woods AJ, Unal G, Oh JK, Na S, Park JS, Knotkova H, Song IU, Chung YA. Effects of 6-month at-home transcranial direct current stimulation on cognition and cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:1222-1228. [PMID: 31196835 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although single or multiple sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the prefrontal cortex over a few weeks improved cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), effects of repeated tDCS over longer period and underlying neural correlates remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study investigated changes in cognitive performances and regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) after administration of prefrontal tDCS over 6 months in early AD patients. METHODS Patients with early AD were randomized to receive either active (n = 11) or sham tDCS (n = 7) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at home every day for 6 months (anode F3/cathode F4, 2 mA for 30 min). All patients underwent neuropsychological tests and brain 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Changes in cognitive performances and rCMRglc were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Compared to sham tDCS, active tDCS improved global cognition measured with Mini-Mental State Examination (p for interaction = 0.02) and language function assessed by Boston Naming Test (p for interaction = 0.04), but not delayed recall performance. In addition, active tDCS prevented decreases in executive function at a marginal level (p for interaction < 0.10). rCMRglc in the left middle/inferior temporal gyrus was preserved in the active group, but decreased in the sham group (p for interaction < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Daily tDCS over the DLPFC for 6 months may improve or stabilize cognition and rCMRglc in AD patients, suggesting the therapeutic potential of repeated at-home tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Gozde Unal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Na
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Park
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Helena Knotkova
- MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY, USA; Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Yoo ID, Im JJ, Chung YA, Choi EK, Oh JK, Lee SH. Prediction of postoperative lung function in lung cancer patients using perfusion scintigraphy. Acta Radiol 2019; 60:488-495. [PMID: 30056737 DOI: 10.1177/0284185118787355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting postoperative lung function is critical in lung cancer patients. Perfusion scintigraphy has been used to estimate postoperative function after lung resection. PURPOSE To evaluate the usefulness of the posterior oblique method in relation to other conventional processing methods for predicting postoperative lung function using lung perfusion scintigraphy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-five patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent lobectomy were enrolled. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) values were obtained from preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function tests. After performing lung perfusion scintigraphy, predicted FEV1 values were calculated using the segment, conventional, posterior, and posterior oblique methods. Postoperative FEV1 values were compared with predicted FEV1 values. RESULTS The mean value of the preoperative FEV1 was 2.29 L and that of the postoperative FEV1 was 1.89 L. The mean values of the predicted postoperative FEV1 values for the segment, conventional, posterior, and posterior oblique were 1.83 L, 1.94 L, 1.88 L, and 1.89 L, respectively. Between the observed and predicted FEV1 values, there was a strong correlation without significant difference except for conventional method. Bland-Altman analysis showed that segment and posterior methods underestimated the FEV1, whereas conventional and posterior oblique methods overestimated the FEV1. CONCLUSION Predictions with each processing method of lung perfusion scintigraphy showed nearly similar results to the actual postoperative lung function. The posterior oblique method of lung perfusion scintigraphy showed a very small difference to such an extent as to be equal to the observed FEV1, implying that this method may be applied for predicting postoperative lung function in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Dong Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Oh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Na S, Im JJ, Jeong H, Lee ES, Lee TK, Chung YA, Song IU. Correction to: Cerebral perfusion abnormalities in patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a SPECT study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:697. [PMID: 30730006 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The authors inadvertently forgot to provide the following funding information in the original publication: This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (2018R1A6A3A11041118).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Na
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eek-Sung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Bahk YW, Edmund Kim E, Chung YA, Park JM, Jeon JY, Jeong H. Precise differential diagnosis of acute bone marrow edema and hemorrhage and trabecular microfractures using naïve and gamma correction pinhole bone scans. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1493-1503. [PMID: 30628519 PMCID: PMC6460595 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518819910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the performance of sequential naïve pinhole bone scan (nPBS) and gamma correction pinhole bone scan (GCPBS), reinforced by ImageJ densitometry and pixelized microfracture measurement, for making specific diagnoses of bone marrow edema (BME), bone marrow hemorrhage (BMH), and trabecular microfractures (TMF). Methods We prospectively examined BME, BMH, TMF, and normal trabeculae in 10 patients using sequential nPBS and GCPBS. The intensity of 99mtechnetium-hydroxydiphosphonate (99mTc-HDP) uptake was measured using a pixelized method and calculated using ImageJ densitometry in terms of arbitrary units (AU). This overall method was termed a visuospatial-mathematic assay (VSMA). We analyzed the ability of the calculated AU values to discriminate between the four states using GraphPad Prism software, with reference to previous morphological data. Results The calculated values were categorized as ≤50 AU for normal trabecula, 51–100 AU for BME, 101–150 AU for BMH, and ≥151 AU for TMF. The difference in uptake between normal trabecula and BME was significant and the differences among BME, BMH, and TMF were highly significant. Conclusion VSMA is a useful technique for refining objective individual diagnoses and for differentiating and quantitating BME, BMH, and TMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Whee Bahk
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E Edmund Kim
- 2 Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA.,3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- 4 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Mee Park
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yong Jeon
- 5 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- 4 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee SH, Im JJ, Oh JK, Choi EK, Yoon S, Bikson M, Song IU, Jeong H, Chung YA. Transcranial direct current stimulation for online gamers: A prospective single-arm feasibility study. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:1166-1170. [PMID: 30418077 PMCID: PMC6376367 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Excessive use of online games can have negative influences on mental health and daily functioning. Although the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been investigated for the treatment of addiction, it has not been evaluated for excessive online game use. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and tolerability of tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in online gamers. METHODS A total of 15 online gamers received 12 active tDCS sessions over the DLPFC (anodal left/cathodal right, 2 mA for 30 min, 3 times per week for 4 weeks). Before and after tDCS sessions, all participants underwent 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans and completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Brief Self Control Scale (BSCS), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). RESULTS After tDCS sessions, weekly hours spent on games (p = .02) and scores of IAT (p < .001) and BDI-II (p = .01) were decreased, whereas BSCS score was increased (p = .01). Increases in self-control were associated with decreases in both addiction severity (p = .002) and time spent on games (p = .02). Moreover, abnormal right-greater-than-left asymmetry of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in the DLPFC was partially alleviated (p = .04). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest that tDCS may be useful for reducing online game use by improving interhemispheric balance of glucose metabolism in the DLPFC and enhancing self-control. Larger sham-controlled studies with longer follow-up period are warranted to validate the efficacy of tDCS in gamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Corresponding authors: Yong-An Chung, MD, PhD; Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Seoul, 21431, South Korea; Phone: +82 32 280 5243; Fax: +82 32 280 5244; E-mail: ; Hyeonseok Jeong, PhD; Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Seoul, 21431, South Korea; Phone: +82 32 280 5254; Fax: +82 32 280 5244; E-mail:
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Corresponding authors: Yong-An Chung, MD, PhD; Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Seoul, 21431, South Korea; Phone: +82 32 280 5243; Fax: +82 32 280 5244; E-mail: ; Hyeonseok Jeong, PhD; Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Seoul, 21431, South Korea; Phone: +82 32 280 5254; Fax: +82 32 280 5244; E-mail:
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Yoon HE, Kim Y, Kim SD, Oh JK, Chung YA, Shin SJ, Yang CW, Seo SM. A Pilot Trial to Examine the Changes in Carotid Arterial Inflammation in Renal Transplant Recipients as Assessed by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (PET/CT). Ann Transplant 2018; 23:412-421. [PMID: 29904040 PMCID: PMC6248031 DOI: 10.12659/aot.909212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory activity of the artery can be assessed by measuring 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake with positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT). Improvement in vascular function after renal transplantation has been reported, but no studies have used 18F-FDG PET/CT to examine the changes in vascular inflammation. This study investigated the changes in the inflammatory activity in the carotid artery after renal transplantation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIAL AND METHODS 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed before and at 4 months after transplantation. We quantified 18F-FDG uptake as the target-to-background ratio (TBR) in the carotid artery in 10 CKD patients. TBR was evaluated in the whole carotid artery (WH) and most-diseased segment (MDS), and the mean and maximum values were analyzed. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and endothelin-1, were measured. RESULTS Eight patients showed a decrease in mean or maximum TBR. The average mean or maximum TBRs in the WH and MDS of the right and left arteries were all reduced after transplantation. The average mean TBR for the right WH decreased significantly (% reduction [95% CI]) by -5.74% [-15.37, -0.02] (p=0.047). TBRs did not correlate significantly with cytokine concentrations. The changes in cytokine concentrations after transplantation varied. CONCLUSIONS 18F-FDG uptake by the WH and MDS tended to reduce after renal transplantation. Therefore, renal transplantation may confer an anti-inflammatory effect on carotid atherosclerosis in patients with CKD; however, this effect is not large enough to be demonstrated in this study with small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Dong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seok Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea; , , South Korea
| | - Suk Min Seo
- Cardiovascular Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi EK, Im JJ, Park CS, Chung YA, Kim K, Oh JK. Usefulness of feature analysis of breast-specific gamma imaging for predicting malignancy. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:5195-5202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Huh Y, Jung D, Seo T, Sun S, Kim SH, Rhim H, Chung S, Kim CH, Kwon Y, Bikson M, Chung YA, Kim JJ, Cho J. Brain stimulation patterns emulating endogenous thalamocortical input to parvalbumin-expressing interneurons reduce nociception in mice. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1151-1160. [PMID: 29784588 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bursting pattern of thalamocortical (TC) pathway dampens nociception. Whether brain stimulation mimicking endogenous patterns can engage similar sensory gating processes in the cortex and reduce nociceptive behaviors remains uninvestigated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of cortical parvalbumin expressing (PV) interneurons within the TC circuit in gating nociception and their selective response to TC burst patterns. We then tested if transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) patterned on endogenous nociceptive TC bursting modulate nociceptive behaviors. METHODS The switching of TC neurons between tonic (single spike) and burst (high frequency spikes) firing modes may be a critical component in modulating nociceptive signals. Deep brain electrical stimulation of TC neurons and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the differential influence of each firing mode on cortical PV interneuron activity. Optogenetic stimulation of cortical PV interneurons assessed a direct role in nociceptive modulation. A new TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst firing patterns, contrasted with conventional continuous and intermittent theta burst protocols, tested if TMS patterned on endogenous TC activity reduces nociceptive behaviors in mice. RESULTS Immunohistochemical evidence confirmed that burst, but not tonic, deep brain stimulation of TC neurons increased the activity of PV interneurons in the cortex. Both optogenetic activation of PV interneurons and TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst reduced nociceptive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that burst firing of TC neurons recruits PV interneurons in the cortex to reduce nociceptive behaviors and that neuromodulation mimicking thalamic burst firing may be useful for modulating nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeowool Huh
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Dahee Jung
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Taeyoon Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sukkyu Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngwoo Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
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Kim J, Kang I, Chung YA, Kim TS, Namgung E, Lee S, Oh JK, Jeong HS, Cho H, Kim MJ, Kim TD, Choi SH, Lim SM, Lyoo IK, Yoon S. Altered attentional control over the salience network in complex regional pain syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7466. [PMID: 29748588 PMCID: PMC5945627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree and salience of pain have been known to be constantly monitored and modulated by the brain. In the case of maladaptive neural responses as reported in centralized pain conditions such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), the perception of pain is amplified and remains elevated even without sustained peripheral pain inputs. Given that the attentional state of the brain greatly influences the perception and interpretation of pain, we investigated the role of the attention network and its dynamic interactions with other pain-related networks of the brain in CRPS. We examined alterations in the intra- and inter-network functional connectivities in 21 individuals with CRPS and 49 controls. CRPS-related reduction in intra-network functional connectivity was found in the attention network. Individuals with CRPS had greater inter-network connectivities between the attention and salience networks as compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, individuals within the CRPS group with high levels of pain catastrophizing showed greater inter-network connectivities between the attention and salience networks. Taken together, the current findings suggest that these altered connectivities may be potentially associated with the maladaptive pain coping as found in CRPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilhyang Kang
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Namgung
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok S Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanbyul Cho
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Ju Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tammy D Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Choi
- School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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40
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Jeong HS, Lee SR, Kim JE, Lyoo IK, Yoon S, Namgung E, Chang KT, Kim BS, Yang S, Im JJ, Jeon S, Kang I, Ma J, Chung YA, Lim SM. Brain structural changes in cynomolgus monkeys administered with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A longitudinal voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189804. [PMID: 29320500 PMCID: PMC5761839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is one of the most widely used agents that damages the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. However, brain structural changes in response to MPTP remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate in vivo longitudinal changes in gray matter (GM) volume and white matter (WM) microstructure in primate models administered with MPTP. In six cynomolgus monkeys, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were acquired 7 times over 32 weeks, and assessments of motor symptoms were conducted over 15 months, before and after the MPTP injection. Changes in GM volume and WM microstructure were estimated on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the trajectories of these structural changes. GM volume initially increased after the MPTP injection and gradually decreased in the striatum, midbrain, and other dopaminergic areas. The cerebellar volume temporarily decreased and returned to its baseline level. The rate of midbrain volume increase was positively correlated with the increase rate of motor symptom severity (Spearman rho = 0.93, p = 0.008). Mean, axial, and radial diffusivity in the striatum and frontal areas demonstrated initial increases and subsequent decreases. The current multi-modal imaging study of MPTP-administered monkeys revealed widespread and dynamic structural changes not only in the nigrostriatal pathway but also in other cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar areas. Our findings may suggest the need to further investigate the roles of inflammatory reactions and glial activation as potential underlying mechanisms of these structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok S. Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, South Korea
| | - Jieun E. Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Namgung
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, South Korea
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sejung Yang
- Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon J. Im
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saerom Jeon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilhyang Kang
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Bahk YW, Hwang SH, Lee UY, Chung YA, Jung JY, Jeong HS. Morphobiochemical diagnosis of acute trabecular microfractures using gamma correction Tc-99m HDP pinhole bone scan with histopathological verification. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8419. [PMID: 29137027 PMCID: PMC5690720 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We prospectively performed gamma correction pinhole bone scan (GCPBS) and histopathologic verification study to make simultaneous morphobiochemical diagnosis of trabecular microfractures (TMF) occurred in the femoral head as a part of femoral neck fracture.Materials consisted of surgical specimens of the femoral head in 6 consecutive patients. The specimens were imaged using Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) pinhole scan and processed by the gamma correction. After cleansing with 10% formalin solution, injured specimen surface was observed using a surgical microscope to record TMF. Morphological findings shown in the photograph, naive pinhole bone scan, GCPBS, and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain of the specimen were reciprocally correlated for histological verification and the usefulness of suppression and enhancement of Tc-99m HDP uptake was biochemically investigated in TMF and edema and hemorrhage using gamma correction.On the one hand, GCPBS was able to depict the calcifying calluses in TMF with enhanced Tc-99m HDP uptake. They were pinpointed, speckled, round, ovoid, rod-like, geographic, and crushed in shape. The smallest callus measured was 0.23 mm in this series. On the other hand, GCPBS biochemically was able to discern the calluses with enhanced high Tc-99m HDP uptake from the normal and edema dipped and hemorrhage irritated trabeculae with washed out uptake.Morphobiochemically, GCPBS can clearly depict microfractures in the femoral head produced by femoral neck fracture. It discerns the microcalluses with enhanced Tc-99m HDP uptake from the intact and edema dipped and hemorrhage irritated trabeculae with suppressed washed out Tc-99m HDP uptake. Both conventional pinhole bone scan and gamma correction are useful imaging means to specifically diagnose the microcalluses naturally formed in TMF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - U-Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital
| | - Joo-Young Jung
- Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Jeong HS, Park S, Lim SM, Ma J, Kang I, Kim J, Kim EJ, Choi YJ, Lim JH, Chung YA, Lyoo IK, Yoon S, Kim JE. Psychometric Properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) in Public First Responders. Subst Use Misuse 2017; 52:1069-1075. [PMID: 28323556 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1271986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Problematic alcohol consumption is prevalent among first responders because alcohol is commonly used to cope with occupational stress and frequent exposure to traumatic incidents, making them an at-risk population for alcohol use disorders (AUD). This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) among public first responders. The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-Text Revision (SCID), AUDIT-C, AUDIT, and CAGE were administered to 222 public first responders, who were recruited by convenience sampling. One-week test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample (n = 24). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and estimate the optimal cut-off scores for any AUD and alcohol dependence. Three different analytic criteria were utilized to calculate the cut-off scores. The AUDIT-C demonstrated good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability = 0.91) and satisfactory convergent validity. The areas under the ROC curves for any AUD and alcohol dependence of the AUDIT-C were 0.87 and 0.93, respectively. For any AUD, all three criteria suggested a cut-off score of 7.5 (sensitivity = 81.8%, specificity = 79.8%), whereas for alcohol dependence, a cut-off score of 8.5 (sensitivity = 85.7%, specificity = 86.1%) was derived from two criteria. In conclusion, the AUDIT-C demonstrated good reliability and validity and proved to be a brief and effective screening test for AUD among first responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok S Jeong
- a Department of Radiology , Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon , South Korea
| | - Shinwon Park
- b Ewha Brain Institute , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea.,d Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- b Ewha Brain Institute , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea.,c Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute , Ewha Womans University School of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.,d Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- b Ewha Brain Institute , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea.,e Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience , Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ilhyang Kang
- b Ewha Brain Institute , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea.,d Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- b Ewha Brain Institute , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- f Department of Psychiatry , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Yejee J Choi
- b Ewha Brain Institute , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea.,d Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lim
- g Central Officials Training Institute , Gwacheon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- a Department of Radiology , Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon , South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- b Ewha Brain Institute , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea.,d Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea.,h Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- b Ewha Brain Institute , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea.,d Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jieun E Kim
- b Ewha Brain Institute , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea.,d Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , South Korea
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Yoon WS, Yeom MY, Kang ES, Chung YA, Chung DS, Jeun SS. Memantine Induces NMDAR1-Mediated Autophagic Cell Death in Malignant Glioma Cells. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2017; 60:130-137. [PMID: 28264232 PMCID: PMC5365296 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2016.0101.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Autophagy is one of the key responses of cells to programmed cell death. Memantine, an approved anti-dementia drug, has an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells but the mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to test the possibility of induction of autophagic cell death by memantine in glioma cell lines. Methods Glioma cell lines (T-98 G and U-251 MG) were used for this study. Results The antiproliferative effect of memantine was shown on T-98 G cells, which expressed N-methyl-D-aspartate 1 receptor (NMDAR1). Memantine increased the autophagic-related proteins as the conversion ratio of light chain protein 3-II (LC3-II)-/LC3-I and the expression of beclin-1. Memantine also increased formation of autophagic vacuoles observed under a transmission electron microscope. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down NMDAR1 in the glioma cells induced resistance to memantine and decreased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in T-98 G cells. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that in glioma cells, memantine inhibits proliferation and induces autophagy mediated by NMDAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Soo Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Yeom
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Sun Kang
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Jeong HS, Choi EK, Song IU, Chung YA, Park JS, Oh JK. Differences in Brain Glucose Metabolism During Preparation for 131I Ablation in Thyroid Cancer Patients: Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal Versus Recombinant Human Thyrotropin. Thyroid 2017; 27:23-28. [PMID: 27774839 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preparation for 131I ablation, temporary withdrawal of thyroid hormone is commonly used in patients with thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy. The current study aimed to investigate brain glucose metabolism and its relationships with mood or cognitive function in these patients using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET). METHOD A total of 40 consecutive adult patients with thyroid carcinoma who had undergone total thyroidectomy were recruited for this cross-sectional study. At the time of assessment, 20 patients were hypothyroid after two weeks of thyroid hormone withdrawal, while 20 received thyroid hormone replacement therapy and were euthyroid. All participants underwent brain 18F-FDG-PET scans and completed mood questionnaires and cognitive tests. Multivariate spatial covariance analysis and univariate voxel-wise analysis were applied for the image data. RESULTS The hypothyroid patients were more anxious and depressed than the euthyroid participants. The multivariate covariance analysis showed increases in glucose metabolism primarily in the bilateral insula and surrounding areas and concomitant decreases in the parieto-occipital regions in the hypothyroid group. The level of thyrotropin was positively associated with the individual expression of the covariance pattern. The decreased 18F-FDG uptake in the right cuneus cluster from the univariate analysis was correlated with the increased thyrotropin level and greater depressive symptoms in the hypothyroid group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that temporary hypothyroidism, even for a short period, may induce impairment in glucose metabolism and related affective symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok S Jeong
- 1 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- 1 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - In-Uk Song
- 2 Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- 1 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Park
- 2 Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- 1 Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Incheon, South Korea
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Kim R, Park SI, Lee CY, Lee J, Kim P, Oh S, Lee H, Lee MY, Kim J, Chung YA, Hwang KC, Maeng LS, Chang W. Alternative new mesenchymal stem cell source exerts tumor tropism through ALCAM and N-cadherin via regulation of microRNA-192 and -218. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 427:177-185. [PMID: 28039611 PMCID: PMC5306073 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of malignant primary brain tumors. Some treatments of gliomas exist, but they are rarely curative. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as potential modes of targeted cancer therapy owing to their capacity for homing toward tumor sites. It has been proposed that MSCs derived from various sources, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood, can be used as cell-based therapy for brain tumors. Here, MSCs obtained from the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients were investigated as therapeutic candidates. Specifically, we compared migratory and adhesive abilities, as well as expression levels of related genes and microRNA in bone marrow derived-MSCs (BMMSCs), adipose derived-MSCs (ADMSCs), and synovial fluid derived-MSCs (SFMSCs) after treatment with conditioned medium from gliomas. Migration and adhesion of SFMSCs increased through upregulation of the activated lymphocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and N-cadherin by microRNA-192 and -218 downregulation, similar to BMMSCs and ADMSCs. Migratory capacities of all types of MSCs were evaluated in vivo, and SFMSCs migrated intensively toward gliomas. These results suggest that SFMSCs have potential for use in cell-based antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Sang In Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Incheon, 403-720, South Korea
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Pilseog Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hojin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, 52 Hyochangwon-gil, Seoul, 140-742, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Incheon, 403-720, South Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangwon-do, 210-701, South Korea.,Catholic Kwandong University International, St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, 404-834, South Korea
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Incheon, 403-720, South Korea.
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, South Korea.
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Yun K, Song IU, Chung YA. Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after 3 weeks of noninvasive electrical stimulation of mild cognitive impairment patients. Alzheimers Res Ther 2016; 8:49. [PMID: 27903289 PMCID: PMC5131431 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome that disrupts an individual’s cognitive function but preserves activities of daily living. MCI is thought to be a prodromal stage of dementia, which disrupts patients’ daily lives and causes severe cognitive dysfunction. Although extensive clinical trials have attempted to slow or stop the MCI to dementia conversion, the results have been largely unsuccessful. The purpose of this study was to determine whether noninvasive electrical stimulation of MCI changes glucose metabolism. Methods Sixteen MCI patients participated in this study. We used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (2 mA/day, three times per week for 3 weeks) and assessed positron emission tomography (18 F-FDG) before and after 3 weeks of stimulation. Results We showed that regular and relatively long-term use of tDCS significantly increased regional cerebral metabolism in MCI patients. Furthermore, subjective memory satisfaction and improvement of the memory strategies of participants were observed only in the real tDCS group after 3 weeks of stimulation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that neurophysiological intervention of MCI could improve glucose metabolism and transient memory function in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyongsik Yun
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, South Korea.
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, South Korea.
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Park SI, Lee JH, Ham HJ, Jung YJ, Park MS, Lee J, Maeng LS, Chung YA, Jang KS. Evaluation of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in rat models with hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis. Biomed Mater Eng 2016; 26 Suppl 1:S1669-76. [PMID: 26405933 DOI: 10.3233/bme-151466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a predominant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the exact mechanism of the progression from cirrhosis to cancer remains unclear. The uptake of 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) is widely used as a marker of increased glucose metabolism to monitor the progression of cancer with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Here we investigated the feasibility of using (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the diethylnitrosamine (DEN) mediated experimental hepatocellular carcinoma model. Rats received weekly intraperitoneal injections of DEN for 16 weeks for induction of HCC. We recorded starting from 0 days or 0 weeks after the last DEN injection. The weight and survival rate of rats were then measured. Also, an (18)F-FDG PET scan and serum analysis were performed at minus 2, 0, plus 2, and plus 4 weeks after the last DEN injection. The body weight of rats was maintained between 350 g and 370 g during 14 and 20 weeks, and the rats were euthanized at 35 days after the last DEN injection. The serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphate (ALP) were significantly higher at zero weeks after the last DEN injection. The (18)F-FDG uptake for the quantitative evaluation of HCC was done by measuring the region of interest (ROI). At minus two weeks after the last DEN injection, the ROI of rats had significantly increased compared to the normal group, in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that FDG uptake serves as a good screening test to evaluate the feasibility of DEN-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, The Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, The Republic of Korea
| | - H J Ham
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, The Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Jung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, The Republic of Korea
| | - M S Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, The Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - L S Maeng
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, The Republic of Korea
| | - Y A Chung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, The Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, The Republic of Korea
| | - K S Jang
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, The Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 403-720, The Republic of Korea
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48
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Yoo I, Choi EK, Chung YA. The Current Status of SPECT or SPECT/CT in South Korea. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 51:101-105. [PMID: 28559934 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-016-0417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step to nuclear medicine in Korea started with introduction of the gamma camera in 1969. Although planar images with the gamma camera give important functional information, they have the limitations that result from 2-dimensional images. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) due to its 3-dimensional image acquisition is superior to earlier planar gamma imaging in image resolution and diagnostic accuracy. As demand for a hybrid functional and anatomical imaging device has increased, integrated SPECT/CT systems have been used. In Korea, SPECT/CT was for the first time installed in 2003. SPECT/CT can eliminate many possible pitfalls on SPECT-alone images, making better attenuation correction and thereby improving image quality. Therefore, SPECT/CT is clinically preferred in many hospitals in various aspects. More recently, additional SPECT/CT images taken from the region with equivocal uptake on planar images have been helpful in making precise interpretation as part of their clinical workup in postoperative thyroid cancer patients. SPECT and SPECT/CT have various advantages, but its clinical application has gradually decreased in recent few years. While some researchers investigated the myocardial blood flow with cardiac PET using F-18 FDG or N-13 ammonia, myocardial perfusion SPECT is, at present, the radionuclide imaging study of choice for the risk stratification and guiding therapy in the coronary artery disease patients in Korea. New diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals for AD have received increasing attention; nevertheless, brain SPECT will remain the most reliable modality evaluating cerebral perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikdong Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Incheon Saint Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #56 Dongsuro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 403-720 South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Incheon Saint Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #56 Dongsuro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 403-720 South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon Saint Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #56 Dongsuro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 403-720 South Korea
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Shah AP, Carreno FR, Wu H, Chung YA, Frazer A. Role of TrkB in the anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects of vagal nerve stimulation: Comparison with desipramine. Neuroscience 2016; 322:273-86. [PMID: 26899129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A current hypothesis regarding the mechanism of antidepressant (AD) action suggests the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Consistent with this hypothesis, the receptor for BDNF (and neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5)), Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), is activated in rodents by treatment with classical AD drugs. Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), a therapy for treatment resistant depression (TRD), also activates TrkB in rodents. However, the role of this receptor in the therapeutic effects of VNS is unclear. In the current study, the involvement of TrkB in the effects of VNS was investigated in rats using its inhibitor, K252a. Anxiolytic-like and AD-like effects were analyzed using the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT) and forced swim test (FST), respectively. K252a blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of chronic VNS treatment and the AD-like effect of acute VNS treatment. By contrast, blocking TrkB did not prevent either the anxiolytic-like or AD-like effect of chronic treatment with desipramine (DMI), a selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor; it did, however, block the acute effect of DMI in the FST. To examine whether the activation of TrkB caused by either VNS or DMI is ligand-dependent, use was made of TrkB-Fc, a molecular scavenger for ligands of TrkB. Intraventricular administration of TrkB-Fc blocked the acute activation of TrkB induced by either treatment, indicating that treatment-induced activation of this receptor is ligand-dependent. The behavioral results highlight differences in the involvement of TrkB in the chronic effects of an AD drug and a stimulation therapy as well as its role in acute versus chronic effects of DMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - F R Carreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - H Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Y A Chung
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A Frazer
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System (STVHCS), Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX, USA
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50
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Song IU, Choi EK, Oh JK, Chung YA, Chung SW. Alteration patterns of brain glucose metabolism: comparisons of healthy controls, subjective memory impairment and mild cognitive impairment. Acta Radiol 2016; 57:90-7. [PMID: 25538106 DOI: 10.1177/0284185114566088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some groups have focused on the detection and management of subjective memory impairment (SMI) as the stage that precedes mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there have been few clinical studies that have examined biomarkers of SMI to date. PURPOSE To investigate the differences in glucose metabolism as a prodromal marker of dementia in patients with SMI, MCI, and healthy controls using brain F-18 fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-eight consecutive patients with SMI, 47 patients with MCI, and 42 age-matched healthy subjects were recruited. All subjects underwent FDG-PET and detailed neuropsychological testing. FDG-PET images were analyzed using the statistical parametric mapping (SPM) program. RESULTS FDG-PET analysis showed glucose hypometabolism in the periventricular regions of patients with SMI and in the parietal, precentral frontal, and periventricular regions of patients with MCI compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, hypometabolism on FDG-PET was noted in the parietal and precentral frontal regions in MCI patients compared to SMI patients. CONCLUSION The results suggest that hypometabolism in the periventricular regions as seen on FDG-PET may play a role as a predictive biomarker of pre-dementia, and the extension of reduced glucose metabolism into parietal regions likely reflects progression of cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Chung
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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