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Somogyi B, Li H, Tapolczai K, Kovács AW, G-Tóth L, Horváth H, Krassován K, Fodor-Kardos A, Vörös L. Regime shift in microalgal dynamics: Impact of water level changes on planktonic and benthic algal biomass. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172351. [PMID: 38615783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Whole-lake microalgal biomass surveys were carried out in Lake Balaton to investigate the seasonal, spatial, and temporal changes of benthic algae, as well as to identify the drivers of the phytobenthos. Phytobenthos was controlled mainly by light: the highest benthic algal biomass was in the shallow littoral region characterized by large grain size (sand) with good light availability but lower nutrient content in the sediment. During the investigated period, phytoplankton biomass showed a significant decrease in almost the entire lake. At the same time, the biomass of benthic algae increased significantly in the eastern areas, increasing the contribution of total lake microalgae biomass (from 20 % to 27 %). Benthic algal biomass increase can be explained by the better light supply, owing to the artificially maintained high water level which greatly mitigates water mixing. The decrease in planktonic algal biomass could be attributed to increased zooplankton grazing, which is otherwise negatively affected by mixing. As a result of the high water level, the trophic structure of the lake has been rearranged in recent decades with a shift from the planktonic life form to the benthic one while the nutrient supply has largely remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Somogyi
- HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Huan Li
- HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Tapolczai
- HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Attila W Kovács
- HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - László G-Tóth
- HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Horváth
- HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Krassován
- HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Vörös
- HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary
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Păușescu I, Kántor I, Babos G, May Z, Fodor-Kardos A, Miskolczy Z, Biczók L, Péter F, Medeleanu M, Feczkó T. Halochromic Behavior and Anticancer Effect of New Synthetic Anthocyanidins Complexed with β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158103. [PMID: 35897679 PMCID: PMC9330608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanidins, the aglycons of anthocyanins, are known, beyond their function in plants, also as compounds with a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, including cytostatic effect against various cancer cells. The nature and position of the substituents in the flavylium cation is essential for such biological properties, as well as the equilibrium between the multistate of the different chemical species that are generated by the flavylium cation, including quinoidal base, hemiketal, and cis- and trans-chalcones. In this work, eight new flavylium derivatives were synthesized, characterized for confirmation of the structure by FT-IR and 2D-NMR, and investigated in vitro as possible cytostatic compounds against HCT116 and HepG2 cancer cells. The most active two compounds were explored for their halochromic properties that can influence the biological activity and subjected to molecular encapsulation in β-cyclodextrin derivatives in order to increase their solubility in water and bioavailability. The anticancer effect was influenced by the position (6-, 7-, or 8-) of the methoxy group in the β-ring of the methoxy-4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyflavylium cation, while the study of the halochromic properties revealed the important role played by the chalcone species of the pH-dependent multistate in both the uncomplexed and inclusion complex forms of these anthocyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Păușescu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica Timișoara, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timișoara, Romania; (I.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Izolda Kántor
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.K.); (Z.M.); (A.F.-K.); (Z.M.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary;
| | - György Babos
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán May
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.K.); (Z.M.); (A.F.-K.); (Z.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.K.); (Z.M.); (A.F.-K.); (Z.M.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary;
| | - Zsombor Miskolczy
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.K.); (Z.M.); (A.F.-K.); (Z.M.); (L.B.)
| | - László Biczók
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.K.); (Z.M.); (A.F.-K.); (Z.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Francisc Péter
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica Timișoara, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timișoara, Romania; (I.P.); (F.P.)
- Research Institute for Renewable Energies, University Politehnica Timișoara, G. Muzicescu 138, 300501 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Medeleanu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica Timișoara, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timișoara, Romania; (I.P.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Tivadar Feczkó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.K.); (Z.M.); (A.F.-K.); (Z.M.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (T.F.)
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Fodor-Kardos A, Ujhidy A, Nagy G, Gyetvai B, Tóth J. Preparation of Veterinary Premix with Dual Active Ingredients in Granular Form. Period Polytech Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.3311/ppch.18703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the preparation of granular veterinary premix containing two different antibiotics by fluid bed granulation process. The particle size and density of the active ingredients were investigated for the proper selection of the filler material. The used antibiotics were tylosin tartarate and colistin sulfate, while isomalt sugar alcohol and cellulose materials were selected as filler and binder, respectively. The colistin sulfate was fed together with the binder solution because of its low density, fine particle size and relatively low (1.2%) concentration in the product. The type and concentration of the binder in its solution, the feeding rate and the total amount of added binder solution were optimized for obtaining dust free granules with desirable abrasion resistance and good flowability. The active ingredient content for both antibiotics was preserved even at the elevated temperature applied during the fluid granulation process.
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Hajba-Horváth E, Fodor-Kardos A, Shah N, Wacker MG, Feczkó T. Sustainable Stabilizer-Free Nanoparticle Formulations of Valsartan Using Eudragit ® RLPO. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13069. [PMID: 34884873 PMCID: PMC8657980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of the antihypertensive drug valsartan can be enhanced by various microencapsulation methods. In the present investigation, valsartan-loaded polymeric nanoparticles were manufactured from Eudragit® RLPO using an emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was found to be a suitable stabilizer for the nanoparticles, resulting in a monodisperse colloid system ranging in size between 148 nm and 162 nm. Additionally, a high encapsulation efficiency (96.4%) was observed. However, due to the quaternary ammonium groups of Eudragit® RLPO, the stabilization of the dispersion could be achieved in the absence of PVA as well. The nanoparticles were reduced in size (by 22%) and exhibited similar encapsulation efficiencies (96.4%). This more cost-effective and sustainable production method reduces the use of excipients and their expected emission into the environment. The drug release from valsartan-loaded nanoparticles was evaluated in a two-stage biorelevant dissolution set-up, leading to the rapid dissolution of valsartan in a simulated intestinal medium. In silico simulations using a model validated previously indicate a potential dose reduction of 60-70% compared to existing drug products. This further reduces the expected emission of the ecotoxic compound into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Hajba-Horváth
- Faculty of Engineering, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (E.H.-H.); (A.F.-K.)
| | - Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- Faculty of Engineering, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (E.H.-H.); (A.F.-K.)
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nishant Shah
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 500 S State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Matthias G. Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Tivadar Feczkó
- Faculty of Engineering, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (E.H.-H.); (A.F.-K.)
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Babos G, Rydz J, Kawalec M, Klim M, Fodor-Kardos A, Trif L, Feczkó T. Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Based Nanoparticles for Sorafenib and Doxorubicin Anticancer Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7312. [PMID: 33022990 PMCID: PMC7582498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual drug-loaded nanotherapeutics can play an important role against the drug resistance and side effects of the single drugs. Doxorubicin and sorafenib were efficiently co-encapsulated by tailor-made poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) using an emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Subsequent poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugation onto nanoparticles was applied to make the nanocarriers stealth and to improve their drug release characteristics. Monodisperse PHB-sorafenib-doxorubicin nanoparticles had an average size of 199.3 nm, which was increased to 250.5 nm after PEGylation. The nanoparticle yield and encapsulation efficiencies of drugs decreased slightly in consequence of PEG conjugation. The drug release of the doxorubicin was beneficial, since it was liberated faster in a tumor-specific acidic environment than in blood plasma. The PEG attachment decelerated the release of both the doxorubicin and the sorafenib, however, the release of the latter drug remained still significantly faster with increased initial burst compared to doxorubicin. Nevertheless, the PEG-PHB copolymer showed more beneficial drug release kinetics in vitro in comparison with our recently developed PEGylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with the same drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Babos
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (G.B.); (A.F.-K.); (L.T.)
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Joanna Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (J.R.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Michal Kawalec
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (J.R.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Klim
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (J.R.); (M.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Virology School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Silesia, 4 Jagiellońska St., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (G.B.); (A.F.-K.); (L.T.)
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - László Trif
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (G.B.); (A.F.-K.); (L.T.)
| | - Tivadar Feczkó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (G.B.); (A.F.-K.); (L.T.)
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
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Fodor-Kardos A, Kiss ÁF, Monostory K, Feczkó T. Sustained in vitro interferon-beta release and in vivo toxicity of PLGA and PEG-PLGA nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15893-15900. [PMID: 35493658 PMCID: PMC9052435 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09928j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-beta-1a (IFN-β-1a) can diminish the symptoms of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Herein, we prepared sustained drug delivery IFN-β-1a-loaded nanoparticles by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) model drug was used to optimize the preparation of nanoparticles composed of four types of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymers and two pegylated PLGA (PEG-PLGA) polymers. Via optimization, selected PLGA and PEG-PLGA polymers were able to entrap IFN-β-1a with high encapsulation efficiency (>95%) and low size (145 nm and 163 nm, respectively). In vitro release kinetics of BSA and IFN-β showed similar tendency for PLGA and PEG-PLGA nanoparticles, respectively. Although the drug loaded nanoparticles did not show toxicity in hepatocyte cells, mild toxic effects such as pale kidney and pyelectasis were observed in the in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary +36-88-624000 ext. 3508
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia Egyetem u. 10 H-8200 Veszprém Hungary
| | - Ádám Ferenc Kiss
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tivadar Feczkó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary +36-88-624000 ext. 3508
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia Egyetem u. 10 H-8200 Veszprém Hungary
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Hajba-Horváth E, Biró E, Mirankó M, Fodor-Kardos A, Trif L, Feczkó T. Preparation and in vitro characterization of valsartan-loaded ethyl cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43915-43926. [PMID: 35517152 PMCID: PMC9058329 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07218d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Valsartan is an antihypertensive drug used primarily orally, however, due to its hydrophobic nature it has got low bio-availability thus requiring higher dosage/frequency and causing more side effects. The aim of our work was to prepare valsartan-loaded nanoparticles by using ethyl cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate) polymers which can be administered orally and to investigate the preparation conditions and their significance as potential drug carriers for valsartan delivery by in vitro release studies. Ethyl cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate) polymers were used for the preparation of nanoparticles by single emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. The formation of drug-loaded nanoparticles was designed by experimental design for size and encapsulation efficiency, in addition the prepared nanosuspensions were nano spray dried in order to gain a powder form that is easy to handle and store. Both of the nano spray dried formulations had an amorphous structure in contrast to the pure drug according to differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis, which can be advantageous in drug absorption. The originally processed ethyl cellulose-valsartan nanoparticles increased the solubility of the drug in the model intestinal medium, while poly(methyl methacrylate)-valsartan nanoparticles enabled substantially prolonged drug release. The release kinetics of both types of nanoparticles could be described by the Weibull model. Valsartan-loaded ethyl cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles were prepared and nano spray-dried. The active agent was structurally changed in the nanoparticles, which could be advantageous in the intestinal absorption.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Hajba-Horváth
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Pannonia
- Veszprém
- Hungary
| | - Emese Biró
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Mirella Mirankó
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Pannonia
- Veszprém
- Hungary
| | - Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Pannonia
- Veszprém
- Hungary
| | - László Trif
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Tivadar Feczkó
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Pannonia
- Veszprém
- Hungary
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Feczkó T, Fodor-Kardos A, Sivakumaran M, Haque Shubhra QT. In vitro IFN-α release from IFN-α- and pegylated IFN-α-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and pegylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2029-34. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Interferon alpha (IFN-α) controlled release of nanoparticles was investigated under in vitro conditions. Materials & methods: IFN-α and pegylated IFN-α (PEG-IFN-α) were encapsulated by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and pegylated PLGA (PEG-PLGA) copolymers using double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Results: The size of resulting four nanoparticles (IFN-α in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids), IFN-α in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol, PEG-IFN-α in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids) and PEG-IFN-α in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol) was below 130 nm diameter. IFN-α encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles was between 78 and 91%. Conclusion: The in vitro drug release studies conducted in phosphate-buffered saline and human plasma highlighted the role of incubation medium on the IFN release from the nanoparticles. The PEG-IFN-α in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol was the most promising nanoparticle among the four formulations because of its remarkably constant release in both phosphate-buffered saline and plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tivadar Feczkó
- Department of Medicine 1, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Materials & Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Institute of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- Institute of Materials & Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Institute of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Muttuswamy Sivakumaran
- Department of Haematology, Peterborough City Hospital, Edith Cavell Campus, Bretton Gate Peterborough, PE3 9GZ, Peterborough, UK
| | - Quazi Tanminul Haque Shubhra
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Central 4, 1–1–1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8562, Japan
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Fodor-Kardos A, Toth J, Gyenis J. Preparation of protein loaded chitosan microparticles by combined precipitation and spherical agglomeration. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fodor-Kardos A, Horvath A. Polynuclear complexes of a dissociative excited state formed in the [Ru(bpy)2(CN)2]–HgCl2system. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 4:185-90. [PMID: 15696235 DOI: 10.1039/b414855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex cis-dicyanobis(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) forms various bimetallic complexes with mercury(II)chloride, such as [(NC)Ru(bpy)2(CN)-HgCl2], [Cl2Hg-(NC)Ru(bpy)2(CN)-HgCl2-(NC)Ru(bpy)2(CN)-HgCl2] and [Cl2Hg-(NC)Ru(bpy)2(CN)-(HgCl2)] in CH3CN. These polynuclear complexes of the equilibrium system have been identified and characterized by their formation constants and absorption spectra. Excitation of bimetallic complexes produces the MLCT state localized on [Ru(bpy)2(CN)2] ligand, resulting in the cleavage of the bond formed between the nitrogen atom of the coordinated cyanide ligand and the Hg(II) central atom in ground state. Unlike many photoinduced metal ligand dissociations, the dissociated fragment remains in a luminescent excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fodor-Kardos
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Veszprem, Veszprem, H-8201, P.O.B. 158, Hungary
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