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Clements HS, Do Linh San E, Hempson G, Linden B, Maritz B, Monadjem A, Reynolds C, Siebert F, Stevens N, Biggs R, De Vos A, Blanchard R, Child M, Esler KJ, Hamann M, Loft T, Reyers B, Selomane O, Skowno AL, Tshoke T, Abdoulaye D, Aebischer T, Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Alexander GJ, Ali AH, Allan DG, Amoako EE, Angedakin S, Aruna E, Avenant NL, Badjedjea G, Bakayoko A, Bamba-Kaya A, Bates MF, Bates PJJ, Belmain SR, Bennitt E, Bradley J, Brewster CA, Brown MB, Brown M, Bryja J, Butynski TM, Carvalho F, Channing A, Chapman CA, Cohen C, Cords M, Cramer JD, Cronk N, Cunneyworth PMK, Dalerum F, Danquah E, Davies-Mostert HT, de Blocq AD, De Jong YA, Demos TC, Denys C, Djagoun CAMS, Doherty-Bone TM, Drouilly M, du Toit JT, Ehlers Smith DA, Ehlers Smith YC, Eiseb SJ, Fashing PJ, Ferguson AW, Fernández-García JM, Finckh M, Fischer C, Gandiwa E, Gaubert P, Gaugris JY, Gibbs DJ, Gilchrist JS, Gil-Sánchez JM, Githitho AN, Goodman PS, Granjon L, Grobler JP, Gumbi BC, Gvozdik V, Harvey J, Hauptfleisch M, Hayder F, Hema EM, Herbst M, Houngbédji M, Huntley BJ, Hutterer R, Ivande ST, Jackson K, Jongsma GFM, Juste J, Kadjo B, Kaleme PK, Kamugisha E, Kaplin BA, Kato HN, Kiffner C, Kimuyu DM, Kityo RM, Kouamé NG, Kouete T M, le Roux A, Lee ATK, Lötter MC, Lykke AM, MacFadyen DN, Macharia GP, Madikiza ZJK, Mahlaba TAM, Mallon D, Mamba ML, Mande C, Marchant RA, Maritz RA, Markotter W, McIntyre T, Measey J, Mekonnen A, Meller P, Melville HI, Mganga KZ, Mills MGL, Minnie L, Missoup AD, Mohammad A, Moinde NN, Moise BFE, Monterroso P, Moore JF, Musila S, Nago SGA, Namoto MW, Niang F, Nicolas V, Nkenku JB, Nkrumah EE, Nono GL, Norbert MM, Nowak K, Obitte BC, Okoni-Williams AD, Onongo J, O'Riain MJ, Osinubi ST, Parker DM, Parrini F, Peel MJS, Penner J, Pietersen DW, Plumptre AJ, Ponsonby DW, Porembski S, Power RJ, Radloff FGT, Rambau RV, Ramesh T, Richards LR, Rödel MO, Rollinson DP, Rovero F, Saleh MA, Schmiedel U, Schoeman MC, Scholte P, Serfass TL, Shapiro JT, Shema S, Siebert SJ, Slingsby JA, Sliwa A, Smit-Robinson HA, Sogbohossou EA, Somers MJ, Spawls S, Streicher JP, Swanepoel L, Tanshi I, Taylor PJ, Taylor WA, Te Beest M, Telfer PT, Thompson DI, Tobi E, Tolley KA, Turner AA, Twine W, Van Cakenberghe V, Van de Perre F, van der Merwe H, van Niekerk CJG, van Wyk PCV, Venter JA, Verburgt L, Veron G, Vetter S, Vorontsova MS, Wagner TC, Webala PW, Weber N, Weier SM, White PA, Whitecross MA, Wigley BJ, Willems FJ, Winterbach CW, Woodhouse GM. The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa's major land uses. Sci Data 2024; 11:191. [PMID: 38346970 PMCID: PMC10861571 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species' population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate 'intactness scores': the remaining proportion of an 'intact' reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: ±5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (±45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region's major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.) and intensities (e.g., large-scale vs smallholder cropland). This dataset was co-produced as part of the Biodiversity Intactness Index for Africa Project. Additional uses include assessing ecosystem condition; rectifying geographic/taxonomic biases in global biodiversity indicators and maps; and informing the Red List of Ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley S Clements
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
- Helsinki Lab of Interdisciplinary Conservation Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Emmanuel Do Linh San
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Gareth Hempson
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Birthe Linden
- Chair in Biodiversity Value & Change, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Bryan Maritz
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chevonne Reynolds
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frances Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nicola Stevens
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Reinette Biggs
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alta De Vos
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Ryan Blanchard
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Fynbos Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew Child
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen J Esler
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Maike Hamann
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Ty Loft
- School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Reyers
- Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Odirilwe Selomane
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew L Skowno
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tshegofatso Tshoke
- Centre for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | | | - Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Alexander
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - David G Allan
- Bird Department, Durban Natural Science Museum, Durban, South Africa
| | - Esther E Amoako
- Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Samuel Angedakin
- Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edward Aruna
- Biodiversity Conservation, Reptile and Amphibian Program - Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Nico L Avenant
- Department of Mammalogy, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gabriel Badjedjea
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Kisangani/Biodiversity Monitoring Center, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Adama Bakayoko
- UFR Sciences de la Nature, Universite NanguiI Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Abraham Bamba-Kaya
- Institut de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestières (IRAF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Michael F Bates
- Department of Animal and Plant Systematics, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Steven R Belmain
- Agriculture, Health and Environment, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Bennitt
- Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana
| | - James Bradley
- Kalahari Research and Conservation, Botswana, Botswana
| | | | | | - Michelle Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Josef Bryja
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas M Butynski
- Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Filipe Carvalho
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- BIOPOLIS-CIBIO/InBIO, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan Channing
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Callan Cohen
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Marina Cords
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nadine Cronk
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Fredrik Dalerum
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Biodiversity Research Institute (CSIC-UO-PA), Mieres, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Danquah
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Harriet T Davies-Mostert
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Conserve Global, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yvonne A De Jong
- Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Terrence C Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Chabi A M S Djagoun
- Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Thomas M Doherty-Bone
- Conservation Programs, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marine Drouilly
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa (iCWild), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Social Science Research (CSSR), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Panthera, New York, USA
| | - Johan T du Toit
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - David A Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Yvette C Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Seth J Eiseb
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Peter J Fashing
- Anthropology Department & Environmental Studies Program, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, United States of America
| | - Adam W Ferguson
- Gantz Family Collection Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Manfred Finckh
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claude Fischer
- Nature Management, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Edson Gandiwa
- Scientific Services, Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Philippe Gaubert
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, IRD/CNRS/UPS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, cedex, 9, France
| | - Jerome Y Gaugris
- Flora Fauna & Man, Ecological Services Limited, Tortola, British Virgin Islands
| | | | - Jason S Gilchrist
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Granjon
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Paul Grobler
- Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Bonginkosi C Gumbi
- Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Vaclav Gvozdik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Morgan Hauptfleisch
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Firas Hayder
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel M Hema
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (UFR-SAT), Université de Dédougou, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Marna Herbst
- Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mariano Houngbédji
- Organisation pour le Développement Durable et la Biodiversité, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Brian J Huntley
- CIBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, Vairao, Portugal
| | | | - Samuel T Ivande
- A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute (APLORI), University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kate Jackson
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, USA
| | | | - Javier Juste
- Evolutionary Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Seville, Spain; CIBER, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blaise Kadjo
- Natural habitats and biodiversity management, University Félix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Prince K Kaleme
- Department of Biology, CRSN/ LWIRO, DS Bukavu, DR Congo, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Beth A Kaplin
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Humphrey N Kato
- Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Christian Kiffner
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Duncan M Kimuyu
- Department of Natural Resources, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya
| | - Robert M Kityo
- Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - N'goran G Kouamé
- UFR Environnement, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Marcel Kouete T
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Aliza le Roux
- Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | - Alan T K Lee
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Mervyn C Lötter
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Duncan N MacFadyen
- Research and Conservation, Oppenheimer Generations, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Zimkitha J K Madikiza
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - David Mallon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mnqobi L Mamba
- Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
| | - Claude Mande
- Department of Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Rob A Marchant
- York institute for Tropical Ecosystems, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Robin A Maritz
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Conservation Alpha, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Trevor McIntyre
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, UMR7179, China
- MECADEV CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée, Paris, France
| | - Addisu Mekonnen
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Paulina Meller
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haemish I Melville
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Kevin Z Mganga
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G L Mills
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Liaan Minnie
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Alain Didier Missoup
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Zoology Unit, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Abubakr Mohammad
- Researcher, Conflict and Environmental Observatory, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy N Moinde
- Conservation Biology, Institute of Primate Research-National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Pedro Monterroso
- Wildlife Conservation Ecology Research Group, CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairã, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- African Parks, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Simon Musila
- Mammalogy Section-Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sedjro Gilles A Nago
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, de Botanique et de Biologie végétale, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Maganizo W Namoto
- Indigenous Woodland Strategy Area, Forestry Research Institute of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Fatimata Niang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Technology and Sciences, University Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Jerry B Nkenku
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Evans E Nkrumah
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gonwouo L Nono
- Department of Animal Biologie and Physiologie, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Mulavwa M Norbert
- Primatology, Center for Research in Ecology and Forestry (CREF), Bikoro, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Katarzyna Nowak
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Benneth C Obitte
- Small Mammal Conservation Organization, Benin City, Nigeria
- Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, United States of America
| | | | | | - M Justin O'Riain
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Samuel T Osinubi
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Daniel M Parker
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Francesca Parrini
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mike J S Peel
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Animal Production Institute, Rangeland Ecology, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences: Department of Environmental Sciences (ABEERU), University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johannes Penner
- Frogs & Friends, Berlin, Germany
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology & Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Darren W Pietersen
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew J Plumptre
- KBA Secretariat, c/o BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Damian W Ponsonby
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Porembski
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Botany, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - R John Power
- Department of Economic Development, Environment, Conservation & Tourism, North West Provincial Government, Mahikeng, South Africa
| | - Frans G T Radloff
- Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ramugondo V Rambau
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tharmalingam Ramesh
- Division of Conservation Ecology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, India
| | - Leigh R Richards
- Mammalogy Department, Durban Natural Science Museum, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Herpetology, Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominic P Rollinson
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | - M Corrie Schoeman
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Paul Scholte
- Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Thomas L Serfass
- Department of Biology and Natural Resources, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, USA
| | - Julie Teresa Shapiro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sidney Shema
- Ornithology Section, Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stefan J Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jasper A Slingsby
- Fynbos Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biological Sciences and Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Hanneline A Smit-Robinson
- Conservation Division, BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Applied Behavioural Ecological & Ecosystem Research Unit (ABEERU), University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | | | - Michael J Somers
- Mammal Research Institute, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Jarryd P Streicher
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Lourens Swanepoel
- Department of Biology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Iroro Tanshi
- Small Mammal Conservation Organization, Benin City, Nigeria
- Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | - Dave I Thompson
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Ndlovu Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Phalaborwa, South Africa
| | - Elie Tobi
- Gabon Biodiversity Program, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Gamba, Gabon
| | - Krystal A Tolley
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew A Turner
- Biodiversity Capabilities Directorate, CapeNature, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wayne Twine
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Victor Van Cakenberghe
- FunMorph Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- AfricanBats NPC, Centurion, South Africa
| | | | - Helga van der Merwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Arid Lands Node of the South African Environmental Observation Network, Kimberley, South Africa
| | - Chris J G van Niekerk
- NWU Botanical Garden, School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Pieter C V van Wyk
- Richtersveld Desert Botanical Gardens, Richtersveld National Park, SANParks, Sendelingsdrift, South Africa
| | - Jan A Venter
- Department of Conservation Management, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa
| | - Luke Verburgt
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Geraldine Veron
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Susanne Vetter
- Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Maria S Vorontsova
- Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C Wagner
- Restoration Ecology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Natalie Weber
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Ecological Consultant, Fürth, Germany
| | - Sina M Weier
- SARChI (NRF-DST) Research Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Paula A White
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Melissa A Whitecross
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Landscape Conservation Programme, BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Benjamin J Wigley
- Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- School of Natural Resource Management, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza, South Africa
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2
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Safar HF, Ali AH, Zakaria NH, Kamal N, Hassan NI, Agustar HK, Talip N, Latip J. Steroids from Diplazium esculentum: Antiplasmodial activity and molecular docking studies to investigate their binding modes. Trop Biomed 2022; 39:552-558. [PMID: 36602215 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.4.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diplazium esculentum is an edible fern commonly consumed by the local community in Malaysia either as food or medicine. Isolation work on the ethyl acetate extract of the stem of D. esculentum resulted in the purification of two steroids, subsequently identified as stigmasterol (compound 1) and ergosterol5,8-endoperoxide (compound 2). Upon further testing, compound 2 displayed strong inhibitory activity against the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) strain, with an IC50 of 4.27±1.15 µM, while compound 1 was inactive. In silico data revealed that compound 2 showed good binding affinity to P. falciparum-Sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium-dependent ATPase (PfATP6); however, compound 1 did not show an antiplasmodial effect due to the lack of a peroxide moiety in the chemical structure. Our data suggested that the antiplasmodial activity of compound 2 from D. esculentum might be due to the inhibition of PfATP6, which resulted in both in vitro and in silico inhibitory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Safar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A H Ali
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N H Zakaria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Kamal
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N I Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H K Agustar
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Talip
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - J Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Ali AH, McMahon N, Ryder S. 237 POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE PRESCRIBING IN HOSPITALISED FRAIL OLDER ADULTS: DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTI-3S PRELIMINARY STATEMENTS. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Few assessment criteria exist for Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) in the hospital setting. This study aims to develop the preliminary statements of OPTI-3S, criteria for optimising medicines by stopping, stepping down or switching to safer alternatives. These are designed to be of value to clinical practitioners in the routine care of hospitalised, frail older adults.
Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus (2010-2021). Search terms included the concepts of inappropriate prescribing, deprescribing and the target population (e.g. older, frail, hospitalized). This was supplemented with a PubMed focused search (2010-2021) using key words pertaining to the index diseases/conditions or inappropriate medications. The structured reviews included clinical based guidelines, PIMs lists, systematic/non-systematic reviews, or clinical/observational trials that assessed safe and/or effective use of medications in older adults. The preliminary statements were then drafted based on the available relevant evidence.
Results
Searches yielded ~1500 articles. These were included in structured reviews, yielding a total of 109 initial statements across seven physiological systems, and one patient-centred point of care (perioperative care). In addition to detailed PIMs statements (n=98), 11 statements address clinically important Potential Prescribing Omissions (PPOs) (e.g. anticoagulant underdosing) and altered blood pressure and glycaemic targets. Uniquely for criteria of this kind, 23 statements suggest PIMs be considered based on the different frailty levels, according to the Clinical Frailty Scale. 11/98 PIMs statements concern prescribing cascades and suggest tapering regimens for six inappropriate medication classes (e.g. antipsychotics, benzodiazepines). Several statements address medication appropriateness in other frailty related circumstances (e.g. non-compliance, overlapping co-morbidities, feeding tube incompatibility, pill burden/ polypharmacy).
Conclusion
Literature provides a large body of evidence to support prescribing optimization. This has been distilled into consensus-based statements, which should guide hospital-based health care professionals caring for frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- AH Ali
- Trinity College School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dublin, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - N McMahon
- Trinity College School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dublin, , Dublin, Ireland
- St. James’s Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Ryder
- Trinity College School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dublin, , Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Broekman MJE, Hilbers JP, Huijbregts MAJ, Mueller T, Ali AH, Andrén H, Altmann J, Aronsson M, Attias N, Bartlam‐Brooks HLA, van Beest FM, Belant JL, Beyer DE, Bidner L, Blaum N, Boone RB, Boyce MS, Brown MB, Cagnacci F, Černe R, Chamaillé‐Jammes S, Dejid N, Dekker J, L. J. Desbiez A, Díaz‐Muñoz SL, Fennessy J, Fichtel C, Fischer C, Fisher JT, Fischhoff I, Ford AT, Fryxell JM, Gehr B, Goheen JR, Hauptfleisch M, Hewison AJM, Hering R, Heurich M, Isbell LA, Janssen R, Jeltsch F, Kaczensky P, Kappeler PM, Krofel M, LaPoint S, Latham ADM, Linnell JDC, Markham AC, Mattisson J, Medici EP, de Miranda Mourão G, Van Moorter B, Morato RG, Morellet N, Mysterud A, Mwiu S, Odden J, Olson KA, Ornicāns A, Pagon N, Panzacchi M, Persson J, Petroelje T, Rolandsen CM, Roshier D, Rubenstein DI, Saïd S, Salemgareyev AR, Sawyer H, Schmidt NM, Selva N, Sergiel A, Stabach J, Stacy‐Dawes J, Stewart FEC, Stiegler J, Strand O, Sundaresan S, Svoboda NJ, Ullmann W, Voigt U, Wall J, Wikelski M, Wilmers CC, Zięba F, Zwijacz‐Kozica T, Schipper AM, Tucker MA. Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2022; 31:1526-1541. [PMID: 36247232 PMCID: PMC9544534 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert-based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert-based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert-based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species. LOCATION Worldwide. TIME PERIOD 1998-2021. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Forty-nine terrestrial mammal species. METHODS Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. RESULTS IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J. E. Broekman
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jelle P. Hilbers
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Mark A. J. Huijbregts
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungFrankfurt (Main)Germany
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt (Main)Germany
| | | | - Henrik Andrén
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesRiddarhyttanSweden
| | - Jeanne Altmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Malin Aronsson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesRiddarhyttanSweden
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Nina Attias
- Ecology and Conservation Graduate ProgramFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS)Campo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil
| | | | | | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Dean E. Beyer
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Laura Bidner
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Niels Blaum
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Randall B. Boone
- Department of Ecosystem Science and SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Mark S. Boyce
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Michael B. Brown
- Giraffe Conservation FoundationErosNamibia
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular EcologyResearch and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachTrentoItaly
| | - Rok Černe
- Slovenia Forest ServiceLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Simon Chamaillé‐Jammes
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3MontpellierFrance
| | - Nandintsetseg Dejid
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungFrankfurt (Main)Germany
| | | | - Arnaud L. J. Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS)Campo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil
- IPÊ (Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Institute for Ecological Research)São PauloBrazil
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS)EdinburghUK
| | - Samuel L. Díaz‐Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Claudia Fichtel
- German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology UnitGöttingenGermany
| | - Christina Fischer
- Faunistics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape DevelopmentAnhalt University of Applied SciencesBernburgGermany
| | - Jason T. Fisher
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Adam T. Ford
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - John M. Fryxell
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Benedikt Gehr
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jacob R. Goheen
- Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Morgan Hauptfleisch
- Department of Agriculture And Natural Resources Sciences, Biodiversity Research CentreNamibia University of Science and TechnologyWindhoekNamibia
| | - A. J. Mark Hewison
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFSCastanet‐TolosanFrance
- LTSER ZA Pyrénées GaronneAuzeville‐TolosaneFrance
| | - Robert Hering
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Marco Heurich
- Department of Conservation and ResearchBavarian Forest National ParkGrafenauGermany
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and ManagementAlbert Ludwigs University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife ManagementInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
| | - Lynne A. Isbell
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Animal Behavior Graduate GroupUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Petra Kaczensky
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife ManagementInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchTrondheimNorway
- Research Institute of Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Peter M. Kappeler
- German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology UnitGöttingenGermany
| | - Miha Krofel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Scott LaPoint
- Black Rock ForestCornwallNew YorkUSA
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisadesNew YorkUSA
| | - A. David M. Latham
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Wildlife Ecology and ManagementManaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
| | - John D. C. Linnell
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife ManagementInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchTrondheimNorway
| | | | | | - Emilia Patricia Medici
- IPÊ (Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Institute for Ecological Research)São PauloBrazil
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Tapir Specialist Group (TSG)Campo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil
| | | | | | - Ronaldo G. Morato
- National Research Center for Carnivores ConservationChico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of BiodiversityAtibaiaBrazil
| | - Nicolas Morellet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFSCastanet‐TolosanFrance
- LTSER ZA Pyrénées GaronneAuzeville‐TolosaneFrance
| | - Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Stephen Mwiu
- Wildlife Research and Training InstituteNaivashaKenya
| | - John Odden
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchOsloNorway
| | - Kirk A. Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia ProgramUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Aivars Ornicāns
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”SalaspilsLatvia
| | | | | | - Jens Persson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesRiddarhyttanSweden
| | - Tyler Petroelje
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | | | - David Roshier
- Australian Wildlife ConservancySubiacoWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Daniel I. Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Sonia Saïd
- Direction de la Recherche et de l'Appui ScientifiqueOffice Français de la BiodiversitéBirieuxFrance
| | - Albert R. Salemgareyev
- Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK)Nur‐SultanKazakhstan
| | - Hall Sawyer
- Western Ecosystems Technology Inc.LaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Niels Martin Schmidt
- Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
- Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Agnieszka Sergiel
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Jared Stabach
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Jenna Stacy‐Dawes
- Conservation Science and Wildlife HealthSan Diego Zoo Wildlife AllianceEscondidoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Frances E. C. Stewart
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of BiologyWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Jonas Stiegler
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Olav Strand
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Nathan J. Svoboda
- Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Wildlife Research CenterMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippiUSA
- Alaska Department of Fish and GameKodiakAlaskaUSA
| | - Wiebke Ullmann
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Ulrich Voigt
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife ResearchUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover FoundationHannoverGermany
| | | | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of MigrationMax Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective BehaviourUniversity of KonstanzConstanceGermany
| | - Christopher C. Wilmers
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Aafke M. Schipper
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Marlee A. Tucker
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
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5
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Abstract
Conservation relies on cooperation among different interest groups and appropriate use of evidence to make decisions that benefit people and biodiversity. However, misplaced conservation occurs when cooperation and evidence are impeded by polarization and misinformation. This impedance influences actions that directly harm biodiversity, alienate partners and disrupt partnerships, waste resources, misinform the public, and (or) delegitimize evidence. As a result of these actions, misplaced conservation outcomes emerge, making it more difficult to have positive outcomes for biodiversity. Here we describe cases where a failed appreciation for cooperation, evidence, or both have eroded efforts to conserve biodiversity. Generally, these case studies illustrate that averting misplaced conservation requires greater adherence to processes that elevate the role of evidence in decision-making and that place collective, long-term benefits for biodiversity over the short-term gains of individuals or groups. Efforts to integrate human dimensions, cooperation, and evidence into conservation will increase the efficacy and success of efforts to conserve global biodiversity while benefiting humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Ford
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Abdullahi H. Ali
- Hirola Conservation Programme, PO Box 1774, Garissa 70100, Kenya
| | - Sheila R. Colla
- Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Clayton T. Lamb
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jeremy Pittman
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David S. Shiffman
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85051, USA
| | - Navinder J. Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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6
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Aizuddin NNF, Ganesan N, Ng WC, Ali AH, Ibrahim I, Basir R, Embi N, Hasidah MS. GSK3β: A plausible molecular target in the cytokinemodulating effect of exogenous insulin in a murine model of malarial infection. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:1105-1116. [PMID: 33612762 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by the Plasmodium sp. parasite. Infection results in heightened pro-inflammatory response which contributes to the pathophysiology of the disease. To mitigate the overwhelming cytokine response, host-directed therapy is a plausible approach. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), a serine/threonine kinase plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammatory response during pathogenic infections. The present study was conducted to investigate the chemo-suppressive and cytokine-modulating effects of insulin administration in malaria-infected mice and the involvement of GSK3β. Intraperitoneal administrations of 0.3 and 0.5 U/kg body weight insulin each for four consecutive days into Plasmodium berghei NK65 (PbN)-infected mice resulted in chemo-suppression exceeding 60% and improved median survival time of infected mice (20.5 days and 19 days respectively compared to 15.5 days for non-treated control). Western analysis revealed that pGSK3β (Ser9) intensity in brain samples from insulin-treated (0.3 and 0.5 U/kg body weight) infected mice each were 0.6 and 2.2 times respectively than that in control. In liver samples, pGSK3β (Ser9) intensity from insulin-treated infected mice were significantly higher (4.8 and 16.1 fold for 0.3 and 0.5 U/kg bw respectively) than that in control. Insulin administration decreased both brain and liver pNF-κB p65 (Ser536) intensities (to 0.8 and 0.6 times for 0.3 U/kg bw insulin; and to 0.2 and 0.1 times for 0.5 U/kg bw insulin respectively compared to control). Insulin treatment (0.5 U/kg bw) also significantly decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α (3.3 times) and IFN-γ (4.9 times)) whilst significantly increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 (4.9 fold) and IL-10 (2.1 fold)) in PbN-infected mice. Results from this study demonstrated that the cytokinemodulating effects of insulin at least in part involve inhibition of GSK3β and consequent inhibition of the activation of NF-κB p65 suggesting insulin as a potential adjunctive therapeutic for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N F Aizuddin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - N Ganesan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - W C Ng
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - A H Ali
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - I Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - R Basir
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - N Embi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - M S Hasidah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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7
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Jowers MJ, Queirós J, Resende Pinto R, Ali AH, Mutinda M, Angelone S, Alves PC, Godinho R. Genetic diversity in natural range remnants of the critically endangered hirola antelope. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe hirola antelope (Beatragus hunteri) is considered to be the most endangered antelope in the world. In the ex situ translocated population at Tsavo East National Park, calf mortality and the critically low population numbers might suggest low genetic diversity and inbreeding depression. Consequently, a genetic study of the wild population is pivotal to gain an understanding of diversity and differentiation within its range before designing future translocation plans to increase the genetic diversity of the ex situ population. For that purpose, we assessed 55 individuals collected across five localities in eastern Kenya, covering its entire natural range. We used the complete mitochondrial DNA control region and microsatellite genotyping to estimate genetic diversity and differentiation across its range. Nuclear genetic diversity was moderate in comparison to other endangered African antelopes, with no signals of inbreeding. However, the mitochondrial data showed low nucleotide diversity, few haplotypes and low haplotypic differentiation. Overall, the inferred low degree of genetic differentiation and population structure suggests a single population of hirola across the natural range. An overall stable population size was inferred over the recent history of the species, although signals of a recent genetic bottleneck were found. Our results show hope for ongoing conservation management programmes and that there is a future for the hirola in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joseph Jowers
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - João Queirós
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Rui Resende Pinto
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Abdullahi H Ali
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, Kenya
| | - Mathew Mutinda
- Department of Veterinary and Capture Services, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samer Angelone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies (IEU), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Célio Alves
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Godinho
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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8
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Noonan MJ, Fleming CH, Tucker MA, Kays R, Harrison A, Crofoot MC, Abrahms B, Alberts SC, Ali AH, Altmann J, Antunes PC, Attias N, Belant JL, Beyer DE, Bidner LR, Blaum N, Boone RB, Caillaud D, de Paula RC, de la Torre JA, Dekker J, DePerno CS, Farhadinia M, Fennessy J, Fichtel C, Fischer C, Ford A, Goheen JR, Havmøller RW, Hirsch BT, Hurtado C, Isbell LA, Janssen R, Jeltsch F, Kaczensky P, Kaneko Y, Kappeler P, Katna A, Kauffman M, Koch F, Kulkarni A, LaPoint S, Leimgruber P, Macdonald DW, Markham AC, McMahon L, Mertes K, Moorman CE, Morato RG, Moßbrucker AM, Mourão G, O'Connor D, Oliveira‐Santos LGR, Pastorini J, Patterson BD, Rachlow J, Ranglack DH, Reid N, Scantlebury DM, Scott DM, Selva N, Sergiel A, Songer M, Songsasen N, Stabach JA, Stacy‐Dawes J, Swingen MB, Thompson JJ, Ullmann W, Vanak AT, Thaker M, Wilson JW, Yamazaki K, Yarnell RW, Zieba F, Zwijacz‐Kozica T, Fagan WF, Mueller T, Calabrese JM. Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:1017-1028. [PMID: 32362060 PMCID: PMC7496598 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals <10 kg were underestimated by a mean approximately15%, and species weighing approximately100 kg were underestimated by approximately50% on average. Thus, we found area estimation was subject to autocorrelation-induced bias that was worse for large species. Combined with the fact that extinction risk increases as body mass increases, the allometric scaling of bias we observed suggests the most threatened species are also likely to be those with the least accurate home-range estimates. As a correction, we tested whether data thinning or autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation minimized the scaling effect of autocorrelation on area estimates. Data thinning required an approximately93% data loss to achieve statistical independence with 95% confidence and was, therefore, not a viable solution. In contrast, autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation resulted in consistently accurate estimates irrespective of mass. When relating body mass to home range size, we detected that correcting for autocorrelation resulted in a scaling exponent significantly >1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Noonan
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742U.S.A.
| | - Christen H. Fleming
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742U.S.A.
| | - Marlee A. Tucker
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreSenckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungSenckenberganlage 25Frankfurt (Main)60325Germany
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe UniversityMax‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9Frankfurt (Main)60438Germany
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Wetland and Water ResearchRadboud UniversityP.O. Box 9010NijmegenGLNL‐6500The Netherlands
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesBiodiversity LabRaleighNC27601U.S.A.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, College of Natural Resources Campus Box 8001North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695U.S.A.
| | - Autumn‐Lynn Harrison
- Migratory Bird CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonD.C.20013U.S.A.
| | - Margaret C. Crofoot
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616U.S.A.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa Ancon0843‐03092Republic of Panama
| | - Briana Abrahms
- Environmental Research DivisionNOAA Southwest Fisheries Science CenterMontereyCA93940U.S.A.
| | - Susan C. Alberts
- Departments of Biology and Evolutionary AnthropologyDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708U.S.A.
| | | | - Jeanne Altmann
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionPrinceton University106A Guyot HallPrincetonNJ08544U.S.A.
| | - Pamela Castro Antunes
- Department of EcologyFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMS79070–900Brazil
| | - Nina Attias
- Programa de Pós‐Graduaçao em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do SulCidade UniversitáriaAv. Costa e SilvaCampo GrandeMato Grosso do Sul79070‐900Brazil
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Camp Fire Program in Wildlife Conservation, State University of New YorkCollege of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNY13210U.S.A.
| | - Dean E. Beyer
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources1990 U.S. 41 SouthMarquetteMI49855U.S.A.
| | - Laura R. Bidner
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616U.S.A.
- Mpala Research CentreNanyuki555–104000Kenya
| | - Niels Blaum
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationAm Mühlenberg 3Potsdam14476Germany
| | - Randall B. Boone
- Natural Resource Ecology LaboratoryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523U.S.A.
- Department of Ecosystem Science and SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523U.S.A.
| | - Damien Caillaud
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616U.S.A.
| | - Rogerio Cunha de Paula
- National Research Center for Carnivores ConservationChico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of BiodiversityEstrada Municipal Hisaichi Takebayashi 8600AtibaiaSP12952‐011Brazil
| | - J. Antonio de la Torre
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico and CONACyTCiudad UniversitariaMexicoD.F.04318Mexico
| | - Jasja Dekker
- Jasja Dekker DierecologieEnkhuizenstraat 26ArnhemWZ6843The Netherlands
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, College of Natural Resources Campus Box 8001North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695U.S.A.
| | - Mohammad Farhadinia
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordTubney House, OxfordshireOxfordOX13 5QLU.K.
- Future4Leopards FoundationTehranIran
| | | | - Claudia Fichtel
- German Primate CenterBehavioral Ecology & Sociobiology UnitKellnerweg 4Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Christina Fischer
- Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnische Universität MünchenEmil‐Ramann‐Straße 6Freising85354Germany
| | - Adam Ford
- The Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Unit 2: BiologyThe University of British ColumbiaOkanagan Campus, SCI 109, 1177 Research RoadKelownaBCV1V 1V7Canada
| | - Jacob R. Goheen
- Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82071U.S.A.
| | | | - Ben T. Hirsch
- Zoology and Ecology, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia
| | - Cindy Hurtado
- Museo de Historia NaturalUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima15072Peru
- Department of Forest Resources ManagementThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Lynne A. Isbell
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616U.S.A.
- Mpala Research CentreNanyuki555–104000Kenya
| | - René Janssen
- Bionet NatuuronderzoekValderstraat 39Stein6171ELThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationAm Mühlenberg 3Potsdam14476Germany
| | - Petra Kaczensky
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research — NINASluppenTrondheimNO‐7485Norway
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary MedicineSavoyenstraße 1ViennaA‐1160Austria
| | - Yayoi Kaneko
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo183–8509Japan
| | - Peter Kappeler
- German Primate CenterBehavioral Ecology & Sociobiology UnitKellnerweg 4Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Anjan Katna
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)BangaloreKarnataka560064India
- Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India
| | - Matthew Kauffman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82071U.S.A.
| | - Flavia Koch
- German Primate CenterBehavioral Ecology & Sociobiology UnitKellnerweg 4Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)BangaloreKarnataka560064India
| | - Scott LaPoint
- Max Planck Institute for OrnithologyVogelwarte RadolfzellAm Obstberg 1RadolfzellD‐78315Germany
- Black Rock Forest65 Reservoir RoadCornwallNY12518U.S.A.
| | - Peter Leimgruber
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordTubney House, OxfordshireOxfordOX13 5QLU.K.
| | | | - Laura McMahon
- Office of Applied ScienceDepartment of Natural ResourcesRhinelanderWI54501U.S.A.
| | - Katherine Mertes
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, College of Natural Resources Campus Box 8001North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695U.S.A.
| | - Ronaldo G. Morato
- National Research Center for Carnivores ConservationChico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of BiodiversityEstrada Municipal Hisaichi Takebayashi 8600AtibaiaSP12952‐011Brazil
- Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores – Pró‐CarnívorosAtibaiaSao Paulo12945‐010Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Mourão
- Embrapa PantanalRua 21 de setembro 1880Corumb´aMS79320–900Brazil
| | - David O'Connor
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe UniversityMax‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9Frankfurt (Main)60438Germany
- San Diego Zoo Institute of Conservation Research15600 San Pasqual Valley RoadEscondidoCA92027U.S.A.
- National Geographic Partners1145 17th Street NWWashingtonD.C.20036U.S.A.
| | | | - Jennifer Pastorini
- Centre for Conservation and Research26/7 C2 Road, KodigahawewaJulpallamaTissamaharama82600Sri Lanka
- Anthropologisches InstitutUniversität ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190Zurich8057Switzerland
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Integrative Research CenterField Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIL60605U.S.A.
| | - Janet Rachlow
- Department of Fish and Wildlife SciencesUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS 1136MoscowID83844‐1136U.S.A.
| | - Dustin H. Ranglack
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nebraska at KearneyKearneyNE68849U.S.A.
| | - Neil Reid
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT9 5DLU.K.
| | - David M. Scantlebury
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfastNorthern IrelandBT9 5DLU.K.
| | - Dawn M. Scott
- School of Life SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireST5 5BGU.K.
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature ConservationPolish Academy of SciencesMickiewicza 33Krakow31–120Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sergiel
- Institute of Nature ConservationPolish Academy of SciencesMickiewicza 33Krakow31–120Poland
| | - Melissa Songer
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - Nucharin Songsasen
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - Jared A. Stabach
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - Jenna Stacy‐Dawes
- San Diego Zoo Institute of Conservation Research15600 San Pasqual Valley RoadEscondidoCA92027U.S.A.
| | - Morgan B. Swingen
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, College of Natural Resources Campus Box 8001North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695U.S.A.
- 1854 Treaty Authority4428 Haines RoadDuluthMN55811U.S.A.
| | - Jeffrey J. Thompson
- Asociación Guyra Paraguay – CONACYTParque Ecológico Asunción VerdeAsuncion1101Paraguay
- Instituto SaiteCoronel Felix Cabrera 166Asuncion1101Paraguay
| | - Wiebke Ullmann
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationAm Mühlenberg 3Potsdam14476Germany
| | - Abi Tamim Vanak
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)BangaloreKarnataka560064India
- Wellcome Trust/DBT India AllianceHyderabad500034India
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4041South Africa
| | - Maria Thaker
- Centre for Ecological SciencesIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India
| | - John W. Wilson
- Department of Zoology & EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa
| | - Koji Yamazaki
- Ibaraki Nature MuseumZoological Laboratory700 OsakiBando‐cityIbaraki306–0622Japan
- Forest Ecology LaboratoryDepartment of Forest ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture1‐1‐1 SakuragaokaSetagaya‐KuTokyo156–8502Japan
| | - Richard W. Yarnell
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental SciencesNottingham Trent UniversityBrackenhurst CampusSouthwellNG25 0QFU.K.
| | - Filip Zieba
- Tatra National ParkKúznice 1Zakopane34–500Poland
| | | | - William F. Fagan
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742U.S.A.
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreSenckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungSenckenberganlage 25Frankfurt (Main)60325Germany
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe UniversityMax‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9Frankfurt (Main)60438Germany
| | - Justin M. Calabrese
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742U.S.A.
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Alnazeh A, Kamran MA, Alshahrani I, Ali AH, Saad OM, Fahad A. Effect of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy on periodontal health status of patients evaluated through community periodontal index. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:1067-1070. [PMID: 32536112 DOI: 10.23812/20-154-l-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Alnazeh
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Kamran
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Alshahrani
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Ali
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - O M Saad
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Fahad
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Lubogo M, Mohamed AM, Ali AH, Ali AH, Popal GR, Kiongo D, Bile KM, Malik M, Abubakar A. Oral cholera vaccination coverage in an acute emergency setting in Somalia, 2017. Vaccine 2020; 38 Suppl 1:A141-A147. [PMID: 31980193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The first oral cholera vaccination (OCV) campaign in Somalia was implemented between March and October 2017. It was the first time the Ministry of Health had introduced and used OCV as part of the cholera prevention and control strategies. The Ministry of Health aimed to cover 1.1 million people ≥ 1 year with 2 doses of the OCV in 11 high-risk districts. Overall, 2-dose administrative OCV coverage in all targeted districts was 95.5%. Following the campaign, a random sample survey was conducted in 9 out of 11districts to evaluate coverage, awareness, reasons for non-vaccination, the water and sanitation status of households, and any resulting adverse events. The survey was conducted in 2 phases. Of the 3,715 eligible individuals in the first phase, 92.5% (95% CI 91.4-93.6%) received 2 doses of the OCV and 7.0% (95% CI 6.0-8.2%) 1 dose. In the second phase, of 1,926 individuals, 94.1% (95% CI 92.9-95.1%) received 2 doses and 2.6% (95% CI 2.0-3.4%) 1 dose. Despite challenges, this experience shows that OCV campaigns can be implemented in acute humanitarian settings through existing immunization structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaawe Lubogo
- World Health Organization, Somalia Country Office, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | | | | | - Aden H Ali
- Federal Ministry of Health, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Ghulam R Popal
- World Health Organization, Somalia Country Office, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - David Kiongo
- Independent Monitoring and Evaluation Consultant, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mamunur Malik
- World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt
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Ali AH, Alnuaimi U, Lacau SI, Badiu C, Popescu AC. P1481 Embolic infarct in a known coronary artery disease patient. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A 60 y/o diabetic and hypertensive lady with previous anterior infarction treated by primary PCI with stenting of the proximal LAD (2011) and CABG for stent thrombosis, presented for chest pain. Admission ECG showed ST segment elevation in II, III aVF, ST segment depression in V1-V2 (A). Urgent coronary angiography was performed. It showed non-significant lesions on RCA and LCX, occlusion of the proximal LAD stent, patent LIMA to LAD and first diagonal with non-significant stenosis of the distal anastomosis (B). Transthoracic echocardiography (C) showed calcific mass involving the mitral annulus and posterior mitral leaflet, moderate mitral regurgitation, hipokinesia of the basal segment of the inferior wall with preserved LV ejection fraction. Transesophageal echocardiography (D) confirmed the calcified mass involving the mitral annulus and the posterior mitral leaflet. There was no significant mitral stenosis, and mitral regurgitation was moderate. Thoracic CT showed massive mitral calcification and a possible thrombus attached to it. (E)
Myocardial infarction was confirmed by troponin rise and fall. The patient was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy, ACE-I, betablocker and statin. At one month follow-up transthoracic echocardiography the central area of the mitral mass became hypoechogenic, and a bilobated hypermobile structure was seen attached to the ventricular side of the mass (F). Blood cultures were negative and there was no inflammatory syndrome. Cardiac magnetic resonance (H) confirmed myocardial infarction and showed massive calcification of the posterior mitral annulus. TEE performed after another month showed a very long hypermobile structure attached to the mitral annulus calcification, which was entering the left ventricular outflow tract reaching the plane of the aortic valve (G). The patient underwent surgical mitral valve replacement and redo CABG and the mass was excised. The pathologic aspect of the excised material was cazeous and friable (I).
The initial presentation was presumably an embolic infarct with cazeous material.
Abstract P1481 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Ali
- Elias Emergency Universitary Hospital, Cardiology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - U Alnuaimi
- Elias Emergency Universitary Hospital, Radiology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S I Lacau
- Sanador, Radiologie, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Badiu
- Spitalul Monza, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A C Popescu
- Elias Emergency Universitary Hospital, Cardiology, Bucharest, Romania
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Hassan WRM, Basir R, Ali AH, Embi N, Sidek HM. Anti-malarial and cytokine-modulating effects of andrographolide in a murine model of malarial infection. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:776-791. [PMID: 33597499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Malarial pathogenesis involves among others, uncontrolled or excessive cytokine production arising from dysregulated immune responses mounted by the host to eliminate the plasmodial parasite. The ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase, glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) is a crucial regulator of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine productions in the inflammatory response to pathogenic infections. Andrographolide, a bioactive compound in Andrographis paniculata, displays GSK3- inhibitory effects. A previous study elsewhere has shown that this compound has antimalarial activity but the molecular basis of its action is yet to be elucidated. Here we aimed to study the anti-malarial activity of andrographolide in a murine model of malarial infection to investigate whether its mechanism of action involves cytokine modulation and inhibition of GSK3β. Andrographolide showed strong and selective anti-plasmodial activity (IC50 = 13.70±0.71 µM; SI = 30.43) when tested against cultures of P. falciparum 3D7. Intraperitoneal administration of andrographolide (5 mg/kg body weight (bw)) into P. berghei NK65-infected ICR mice resulted in chemo-suppression of 60.17±2.12%, and significantly (P<0.05) improved median survival time of infected mice compared to nontreated control. In addition, andrographolide treatment significantly (P<0.05) decreased the level of serum pro-inflammatory cytokine, IFN-γ (1.4-fold) whilst the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-4 were increased 2.3- and 2.6-fold respectively. Western blot analyses revealed that andrographolide treatment of P. berghei NK65-infected mice resulted in an increased level of phosphorylated GSK3β (Ser9) in liver of infected mice. Andrographolide administration also decreased the levels of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (Ser536) and phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) in liver of malaria- infected animals. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the cytokine-modulating effect of andrographolide in experimental malarial infection involves at least in part inhibition of NF-κB activation as a consequence of GSK3β inhibition. Based on its cytokine-modulating effects, andrographolide is thus a plausible candidate for adjunctive therapy in malaria subject to clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R M Hassan
- 1School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Basir
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A H Ali
- 1School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Embi
- 1School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H M Sidek
- 1School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Noonan MJ, Tucker MA, Fleming CH, Akre TS, Alberts SC, Ali AH, Altmann J, Antunes PC, Belant JL, Beyer D, Blaum N, Böhning‐Gaese K, Cullen L, Paula RC, Dekker J, Drescher‐Lehman J, Farwig N, Fichtel C, Fischer C, Ford AT, Goheen JR, Janssen R, Jeltsch F, Kauffman M, Kappeler PM, Koch F, LaPoint S, Markham AC, Medici EP, Morato RG, Nathan R, Oliveira‐Santos LGR, Olson KA, Patterson BD, Paviolo A, Ramalho EE, Rösner S, Schabo DG, Selva N, Sergiel A, Xavier da Silva M, Spiegel O, Thompson P, Ullmann W, Zięba F, Zwijacz‐Kozica T, Fagan WF, Mueller T, Calabrese JM. A comprehensive analysis of autocorrelation and bias in home range estimation. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Noonan
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park 1500 Remount Road Front Royal Virginia 22630 USA
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Marlee A. Tucker
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences Goethe University Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Christen H. Fleming
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park 1500 Remount Road Front Royal Virginia 22630 USA
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Thomas S. Akre
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park 1500 Remount Road Front Royal Virginia 22630 USA
| | - Susan C. Alberts
- Departments of Biology and Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | | | - Jeanne Altmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA
| | - Pamela Castro Antunes
- Department of Ecology Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande MS 79070‐900 Brazil
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Camp Fire Program in Wildlife Conservation College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse New York 13210 USA
| | - Dean Beyer
- Conservation Ecology Faculty of Biology Philipps‐University Marburg Karl‐von‐Frisch Straße 8 Marburg D‐35043 Germany
| | - Niels Blaum
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 3 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Katrin Böhning‐Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences Goethe University Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Laury Cullen
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazare Paulista Rod. Dom Pedro I, km 47 Caixa Postal 47 ‐ 12960‐000 Nazaré Paulista SP Brazil
| | - Rogerio Cunha Paula
- National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity Estrada Municipal Hisaichi Takebayashi 8600 Atibaia SP 12952‐011 Brazil
| | - Jasja Dekker
- Jasja Dekker Dierecologie Enkhuizenstraat 26 6843 WZ Arnhem The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Drescher‐Lehman
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park 1500 Remount Road Front Royal Virginia 22630 USA
- Department of Biology George Mason University 4400 University Drive Fairfax Virginia 22030 USA
| | - Nina Farwig
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources 1990 U.S. 41 South Marquette Michigan 49855 USA
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit German Primate Center Kellnerweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christina Fischer
- Restoration Ecology Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Technische Universität München Emil‐Ramann‐Straße 6 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Adam T. Ford
- Department of Biology University of British Columbia 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Jacob R. Goheen
- Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming 82071 USA
| | - René Janssen
- Bionet Natuuronderzoek Valderstraat 39 6171EL Stein The Netherlands
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 3 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Matthew Kauffman
- U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming 82071 USA
| | - Peter M. Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit German Primate Center Kellnerweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Flávia Koch
- Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit German Primate Center Kellnerweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Scott LaPoint
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell Am Obstberg 1 D‐78315 Radolfzell Germany
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades New York 10964 USA
| | - A. Catherine Markham
- Department of Anthropology Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Emilia Patricia Medici
- Lowland Tapir Conservation Initiative (LTCI) Instituto de Pesquisas Ecologicas (IPE) & IUCN SSC Tapir Specialist Group (TSG) Rua Licuala 622, Damha 1, CEP: 79046‐150 Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Ronaldo G. Morato
- National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity Estrada Municipal Hisaichi Takebayashi 8600 Atibaia SP 12952‐011 Brazil
- Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores – Pro‐Carnívoros Atibaia SP 12945‐010 Brazil
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Laboratory Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | | | - Kirk A. Olson
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park 1500 Remount Road Front Royal Virginia 22630 USA
- Wildlife Conservation Society Mongolia Program 201 San Business Center Amar Street 29, Small Ring Road, Sukhbaatar District Post 20A, Box‐21 Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago Illinois 60605 USA
| | - Agustin Paviolo
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical Universidad Nacional de Misiones and CONICET Bertoni 85 3370 Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
| | - Emiliano Esterci Ramalho
- Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores – Pro‐Carnívoros Atibaia SP 12945‐010 Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga, 2.584 Bairro Fonte Boa Caixa Postal 38 69.553‐225 Tefé Amazonas Brazil
| | - Sascha Rösner
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources 1990 U.S. 41 South Marquette Michigan 49855 USA
| | - Dana G. Schabo
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources 1990 U.S. 41 South Marquette Michigan 49855 USA
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Mickiewicza 33 31‐120 Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sergiel
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Mickiewicza 33 31‐120 Krakow Poland
| | - Marina Xavier da Silva
- Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu Parque Nacional do Iguaçu BR‐469, Km 22.5, CEP 85851‐970 Foz do Iguaçu PR Brazil
| | - Orr Spiegel
- School of Zoology Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Peter Thompson
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Wiebke Ullmann
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 3 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Filip Zięba
- Tatra National Park Kuźnice 1 34‐500 Zakopane Poland
| | | | - William F. Fagan
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences Goethe University Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Justin M. Calabrese
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park 1500 Remount Road Front Royal Virginia 22630 USA
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA
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14
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Ali AH, Salahuddin Z, Salim R. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A missed opportunity for treatment. Malays Fam Physician 2018; 13:29-30. [PMID: 30800231 PMCID: PMC6382091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otology emergency and carries significant morbidity if the diagnosis is missed. It can present to any specialty but in our local setting the patient usually presents to primary care as it is easily accessible. We present a case of SSNHL that was initially presented to a primary care centre and the patient was reassured without any investigation being carried out. SSNHL has many causes thus making diagnosis difficult. However, with knowledge of its possible, a diagnosis can be made and appropriate management can be advocated to the patient. Hence, we discuss the three main causes of SSNHL, while emphasizing the immune system-mediated mechanism as the main cause in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Ali
- (MBBCh BAO) Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Z Salahuddin
- (MD, MS ORL HNS) Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - R Salim
- (MD, MMED ORL-HNS) Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia
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15
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Tucker MA, Böhning-Gaese K, Fagan WF, Fryxell JM, Van Moorter B, Alberts SC, Ali AH, Allen AM, Attias N, Avgar T, Bartlam-Brooks H, Bayarbaatar B, Belant JL, Bertassoni A, Beyer D, Bidner L, van Beest FM, Blake S, Blaum N, Bracis C, Brown D, de Bruyn PJN, Cagnacci F, Calabrese JM, Camilo-Alves C, Chamaillé-Jammes S, Chiaradia A, Davidson SC, Dennis T, DeStefano S, Diefenbach D, Douglas-Hamilton I, Fennessy J, Fichtel C, Fiedler W, Fischer C, Fischhoff I, Fleming CH, Ford AT, Fritz SA, Gehr B, Goheen JR, Gurarie E, Hebblewhite M, Heurich M, Hewison AJM, Hof C, Hurme E, Isbell LA, Janssen R, Jeltsch F, Kaczensky P, Kane A, Kappeler PM, Kauffman M, Kays R, Kimuyu D, Koch F, Kranstauber B, LaPoint S, Leimgruber P, Linnell JDC, López-López P, Markham AC, Mattisson J, Medici EP, Mellone U, Merrill E, de Miranda Mourão G, Morato RG, Morellet N, Morrison TA, Díaz-Muñoz SL, Mysterud A, Nandintsetseg D, Nathan R, Niamir A, Odden J, O'Hara RB, Oliveira-Santos LGR, Olson KA, Patterson BD, Cunha de Paula R, Pedrotti L, Reineking B, Rimmler M, Rogers TL, Rolandsen CM, Rosenberry CS, Rubenstein DI, Safi K, Saïd S, Sapir N, Sawyer H, Schmidt NM, Selva N, Sergiel A, Shiilegdamba E, Silva JP, Singh N, Solberg EJ, Spiegel O, Strand O, Sundaresan S, Ullmann W, Voigt U, Wall J, Wattles D, Wikelski M, Wilmers CC, Wilson JW, Wittemyer G, Zięba F, Zwijacz-Kozica T, Mueller T. Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements. Science 2018; 359:466-469. [PMID: 29371471 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee A Tucker
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,SESYNC, University of Maryland, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - John M Fryxell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bram Van Moorter
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Departments of Biology and Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden.,Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, 6500GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nina Attias
- Ecology and Conservation Graduate Program, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Tal Avgar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hattie Bartlam-Brooks
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | | | - Jerrold L Belant
- Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Alessandra Bertassoni
- Animal Biology Postgraduate Program, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Dean Beyer
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 1990 U.S. 41 South, Marquette, MI 49855, USA
| | - Laura Bidner
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Stephen Blake
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Niels Blaum
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chloe Bracis
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Danielle Brown
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - P J Nico de Bruyn
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Justin M Calabrese
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Constança Camilo-Alves
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.,ICAAM-Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Simon Chamaillé-Jammes
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Andre Chiaradia
- Phillip Island Nature Parks, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah C Davidson
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Todd Dennis
- Department of Biology, Fiji National University, P.O. Box 5529, Natabua, Lautoka, Fiji Islands
| | - Stephen DeStefano
- U.S. Geological Survey, Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Duane Diefenbach
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Iain Douglas-Hamilton
- Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Julian Fennessy
- Giraffe Conservation Foundation, P.O. Box 86099, Eros, Namibia
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fiedler
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Christina Fischer
- Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ilya Fischhoff
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
| | - Christen H Fleming
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Adam T Ford
- Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Unit 2: Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Susanne A Fritz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Benedikt Gehr
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob R Goheen
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Eliezer Gurarie
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Marco Heurich
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Department of Conservation and Research, 94481 Grafenau, Germany.,Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Hof
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Edward Hurme
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lynne A Isbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - René Janssen
- Bionet Natuuronderzoek, 6171EL Stein, Netherlands
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Kaczensky
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway.,Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adam Kane
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthew Kauffman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA.,Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Duncan Kimuyu
- Department of Natural Resource Management, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya
| | - Flavia Koch
- German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Bart Kranstauber
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Scott LaPoint
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Peter Leimgruber
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - John D C Linnell
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pascual López-López
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Group, University of Valencia, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Catherine Markham
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jenny Mattisson
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emilia Patricia Medici
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Tapir Specialist Group (TSG), Rua Licuala, 622, Damha 1, Campo Grande, CEP: 79046-150, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,IPÊ (Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Institute for Ecological Research), Caixa Postal 47, Nazaré Paulista, CEP: 12960-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ugo Mellone
- Vertebrates Zoology Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Evelyn Merrill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Ronaldo G Morato
- National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, Atibaia-SP 12952-011, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas A Morrison
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Samuel L Díaz-Muñoz
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dejid Nandintsetseg
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - John Odden
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert B O'Hara
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.,Department of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kirk A Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bruce D Patterson
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Rogerio Cunha de Paula
- National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, Atibaia-SP 12952-011, Brazil
| | - Luca Pedrotti
- Consorzio Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio, Bormio (Sondrio), Italy
| | - Björn Reineking
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, BP 76, 38402 St-Martin-d'Hères, France.,University of Bayreuth, BayCEER, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Tracey L Rogers
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christer Moe Rolandsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Daniel I Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kamran Safi
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sonia Saïd
- Directorate of Studies and Expertise (DRE), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Montfort, 01330 Birieux, France
| | - Nir Sapir
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Hall Sawyer
- Western Ecosystems Technology Inc., Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Niels Martin Schmidt
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.,Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sergiel
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - João Paulo Silva
- REN Biodiversity Chair, CIBIO/InBIO Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.,Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves"/InBIO Associate Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Navinder Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden
| | - Erling J Solberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Orr Spiegel
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Olav Strand
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgard, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Wiebke Ullmann
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrich Voigt
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover-Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jake Wall
- Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - David Wattles
- U.S. Geological Survey, Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christopher C Wilmers
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - John W Wilson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - George Wittemyer
- Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.,Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Filip Zięba
- Tatra National Park, 34-500 Zakopane, Poland
| | | | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA
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16
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Damman JL, Rodriguez EA, Ali AH, Buness CW, Cox KL, Carey EJ, Lindor KD. Review article: the evidence that vancomycin is a therapeutic option for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:886-895. [PMID: 29411404 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS PSC is an autoimmune biliary inflammatory disorder that is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with 50%-75% of patients with PSC having coexisting IBD, most commonly ulcerative colitis. Currently, no medical therapies have been shown to improve the disease course or slow its progression. However, ongoing research has resulted in a growing interest in the use of antibiotics for treatment of PSC, of which vancomycin is the most studied. In this review, we summarise the current evidence on the use of vancomycin in PSC and comment on future research areas of interest. METHODS A comprehensive PUBMED and EMBASE literature search for articles on vancomycin, PSC, therapeutic options and microbiome was performed. RESULTS Two randomised clinical trials, three case series and two case reports were included in the study. These include uncontrolled data from at least 98 patients that include promising improvements in biochemistry and imaging. Optimal dosing regimens are unclear. CONCLUSION Vancomycin is one of the most studied antibiotics used in the treatment of PSC with promising results. There is not currently sufficient evidence to support treatment recommendations. Further research is needed to establish if vancomycin is a PSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Damman
- Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E A Rodriguez
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - A H Ali
- Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - C W Buness
- National Patient Advocate Foundation, Paradise Valley, AZ, USA
| | - K L Cox
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E J Carey
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - K D Lindor
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arizona State University and Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
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17
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Ali AH, Kauffman MJ, Amin R, Kibara A, King J, Mallon D, Musyoki C, Goheen JR. Demographic drivers of a refugee species: large-scale experiments guide strategies for reintroductions of hirola. Ecol Appl 2018; 28:275-283. [PMID: 29222956 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective reintroduction strategies require accurate estimates of vital rates and the factors that influence them. The hirola (Beatragus hunteri) is the rarest antelope on Earth, with a global population size of <500 individuals restricted to the Kenya-Somali border. We estimated vital rates of hirola populations exposed to varying levels of predation and rangeland quality from 2012 to 2015, and then built population matrices to estimate the finite rate of population change (λ) and demographic sensitivities. Mean survival for all age classes and population growth was highest in the low-predation-high-rangeland-quality setting (λ = 1.08 ± 0.03 [mean ± SE]), and lowest in the high-predation-low-rangeland-quality setting (λ = 0.70 ± 0.22). Retrospective demographic analyses revealed that increased fecundity (the number of female calves born to adult females annually) and female calf survival were responsible for higher population growth where large carnivores were absent. In contrast, variation in adult female survival was the primary contributor to differences in population growth attributable to rangeland quality. Our analyses suggest that hirola demography is driven by a combination of top-down (predation) and bottom-up (rangeland quality) forces, with populations in the contemporary geographic range impacted both by declining rangeland quality and predation. To enhance the chances of successful reintroductions, conservationists can consider rangeland restoration to boost both the survival and fecundity of adult females within the hirola's historical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi H Ali
- Program in Ecology and Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, Kenya
| | - Matthew J Kauffman
- Program in Ecology and Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA
| | - Rajan Amin
- Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amos Kibara
- Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, Kenya
| | | | - David Mallon
- IUCN SSP Antelope Specialist Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Glossop, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jacob R Goheen
- Program in Ecology and Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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Ng’weno CC, Maiyo NJ, Ali AH, Kibungei AK, Goheen JR. Lions influence the decline and habitat shift of hartebeest in a semiarid savanna. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ali AH, Ford AT, Evans JS, Mallon DP, Hayes MM, King J, Amin R, Goheen JR. Resource selection and landscape change reveal mechanisms suppressing population recovery for the world's most endangered antelope. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi H. Ali
- Department of Zoology and Physiology; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
- National Museums of Kenya; Nairobi Kenya
- Hirola Conservation Programme; Garissa Kenya
| | - Adam T. Ford
- Iriving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences; University of British Columbia; Kelowna BC Canada
| | | | - David P. Mallon
- IUCN SSP Antelope Specialist Group; Manchester Metropolitan University; Manchester UK
| | - Matthew M. Hayes
- Department of Zoology and Physiology; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | | | - Rajan Amin
- Conservation Programmes; Zoological Society of London; London UK
| | - Jacob R. Goheen
- Department of Zoology and Physiology; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
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Mei L, Tang Q, Cui YM, Tobe RG, Selotlegeng L, Ali AH, Xu LZ. Changes in and shortcomings of drug stockpiling, vaccine development and related policies during outbreaks of avian influenza A H5N1, H1N1, and H7N9 among humans. Drug Discov Ther 2013; 7:95-100. [PMID: 23917856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the future stockpiling of drugs and developing vaccines for treatment of emerging infectious diseases by summarizing the status of drug stockpiling, vaccine development, and related policies during three major outbreaks of avian influenza among humans (H5N1 in 2003, H1N1 in 2009, and H7N9 in 2013). Documents regarding drug stockpiling and vaccine development during three influenza outbreaks have been reviewed. Results indicated that the response to pandemic influenza outbreaks has improved markedly in terms of stockpiles of antivirals and vaccine development. These improvements also suggest advances in related policy planning. These trends also foreshadow better prospects for prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases. However, the rationality of drug stockpiling and international cooperation still needs to be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mei
- Department of Health Care Management and Maternal and Child Health, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Dixon K, Thomas M, Ali AH, Patel R, Foley E. Access to genitourinary medicine clinics: how long does it take to book an appointment by telephone? Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23:544-5. [PMID: 22930289 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2012.011306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A unique feature of genitourinary (GU) medicine clinics is that patients can book appointments themselves. The aim of this study was to assess how long it takes and the barriers that exist when making an appointment in a UK GU medicine clinic. Male and female researchers recorded the number of attempts needed to make a successful contact, how the call was dealt with, and the time taken for the call to be initially answered and then completed; 72% (479/666) of the telephone contacts were answered on the first attempt (range: 1-17). The median length of the total call was one minute 51 seconds (range: 15 seconds to eight minutes, six seconds) but male callers took a mean of 40 seconds longer to complete a call (P < 0.001), reflecting additional and often intrusive questions they were asked compared with female researchers. Care should be taken to ensure that the first point of contact with a clinic is favourable as it reflects on how an entire service may be perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dixon
- University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton, UK
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Abdel-Hamid NM, Faddah LM, Al-Rehany MA, Ali AH, Bakeet AA. New role of antinutritional factors, phytic acid and catechin in the treatment of CCl4 intoxication. Ann Hepatol 2008; 6:262-6. [PMID: 18007557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both phytic acid (PA) and catechin (CA) are well known antioxidants of natural origin. They were frequently tried on experimental level as hepatoprotectants, relying only on their antioxidant properties. The present study was conducted mainly to outline the other biochemical pathways underlying the hepatotherapeutic potential of both drugs and to check a possible synergistic action if prescribed concomitantly. As both materials are frequently taken on a daily basis in food and drinks, it will be helpful to pursue their possible utility and/or to check if their value is really of medical importance. For this purpose, CCl(4) was used as a hepatotoxin, we evaluated plasma total sialic acid (TSA), serum ascorbic acid (AA) levels, liver tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) as a marker for lipid peroxidation and total protein (TP) content as a rough marker to measure hepatic synthetic capability in 80 male Wistar rats as experimental models. Animals were classified into 8 groups (10 rats each), the first as control, the second as PA treated (0.3 mg kg (-1)), orally, the third as CA treated (30 mg kg (-1)) intraperitoneally, the fourth given both drugs, as a single daily dose for 2 weeks. The same design was repeated 24 hours after CCl(4)-intoxication (1mL kg (-1)), intraperitoneally, as a single dose. The results revealed that both PA and CA when used individually, significantly down-regulated TSA in both physiologic (no CCl(4 )treatment) and pathologic (CCl(4)- intoxication) states accompanied by significant decrease in lipoperoxidation. The therapeutic action against TSA and the antioxidant power were abolished by co-administration of both drugs . AA was only decreased by PA and the combination in the physiologic state. Both PA and CA showed significant therapeutic effect for protein synthesis against CCl(4)-intoxication, but the combination abolished this effect. We conclude that both drugs can be considered as a chemotherapeutic against hepatopathies and we for the first time contraindicate the concomitant use of both drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt.
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Abstract
AIM Studies have been conducted to determine the effect of pyruvate administration on the biochemistry of rat lens and the status of its transparency as affected by diabetic conditions. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered diabetic by intravenous (i.v.) injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) and treated with sodium pyruvate (2%) in drinking water. The levels of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, ATP, GSH, MDA as well as glycated proteins in the lenses were determined at various intervals after the onset of diabetes and the values compared with untreated diabetic controls. The progress of cataract formation and associated histological changes in the tissue were also monitored. RESULTS Studies show that the pyruvate treatment decreased the extent of several biochemical changes known to be associated with cataract formation, such as the elevation in the levels of glycated proteins, sorbitol, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and inhibition of the cation pump. The progress of cataract was also significantly delayed. CONCLUSION Exogenous administration of this compound hence was found to exert an overall protective effect against cataract formation induced by the diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Abstract
Studies describe an attenuation of sugar cataract formation by topical administration of ethyl pyruvate. Cataract formation was induced by feeding young rats a 30% galactose diet. Mature cataracts appeared in about thirty days. Instillation of the eye drops containing 5% ethyl pyruvate decelerated the process significantly. Biochemically, the effect was reflected by lowering in the contents of dulcitol and glycated proteins. The ATP levels were also higher in comparison to the placebo treated group. The effects are hence attributable to the effect of pyruvate in inhibiting dulcitol synthesis and protein glycation, in addition to its antioxidant properties and metabolic support. The use of esterified pyruvate instead of the unesterified pyruvate was preferred because of its greater penetration through the cornea and consequently a higher concentration attained in the aqueous humor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Devamanoharan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland Baltimore 21201, USA
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Al-Karawi MA, Ali AH, Mohamed AE, Mohamed SA, Ghandour ZM. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings at Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital. Saudi Med J 1999; 20:598-601. [PMID: 27645177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Al-Karawi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
AIM Previous studies have demonstrated that pyruvate can prevent protein glycation and oxidative stress under in-vitro conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the in-vivo effectiveness of this metabolite against glycation of lens crystallins and haemoglobin in galactosemic rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a 30% or 50% galactose-containing diet in the absence or presence of 2% or 5% pyruvate in food and water, respectively. The animals were killed subsequently and the extent of glycation of lens crystallins and haemoglobin was determined using an affinity column chromatograpic technique. RESULTS Maintenance of rats on the high galactose diet resulted in a significant increase in glycation of both the proteins. The increase was faster and more substantial in the animals maintained on the 50% galactose diet than that in the animals fed a 30% galactose diet. The increase in the latter was also very significant. Supplementation with pyruvate inhibited the process. CONCLUSION The inhibition is attributable to a competitive binding of pyruvate to the protein NH2 groups as well as to the antioxidant effect of the compound. The studies therefore suggest that this and other alpha-keto-acids may be physiologically useful in minimizing glycation and oxidative stress induced tissue pathology by the hyperglycaemic conditions, such as diabetes and galactosemia. The results are also considered pharmacologically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Devamanoharan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Abstract
Data in the present paper demonstrate a significant inhibition in the progress of sugar cataract formation by systemic administration of pyruvate. The formation of the cataract was induced by feeding young rats a diet containing 30% galactose. All animals fed this diet developed nuclear lens opacity by the end of 30 days. This was delayed if the diet and water contained, in addition, 2% sodium pyruvate. The incidence of cataract in the latter group was 0% at day 30 and only 25% at day 55. Physiologically, the inhibition was associated with the prevention of lens membrane damage as reflected by its ability to maintain transport of rubidium ions against a concentration gradient; decreased tissue hydration as indexed by the lens wet weight; inhibition of protein glycation, and higher levels of ATP. Since pyruvate, being a normal tissue metabolite, is likely to be non-toxic, the findings are considered useful for further pharmacological studies with this and other similar metabolites, relevant to protection against various secondary complications of diabetes and galactosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Varma
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Varma SD, Devamanoharan PS, Ali AH, Henein M, Petrali J, Brozetti J, Lehnert E. Corneal damage by half mustard (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES) in vitro preventive studies: a histologic and electron microscopic evaluation. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1998; 14:413-21. [PMID: 9811230 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1998.14.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of half-mustard (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES) on the morphology and ultrastructure of the cornea has been studied in vitro. Extensive necrotic changes were observed histologically as well as electron microscopically. The outer layer of corneal epithelium was observed to undergo vacuolization and globulization prior to its denudation. The epithelium becomes separated from the Bowman's membrane. These necrotic changes are prevented from taking place in the presence of a mixture of taurine, pyruvic acid, alpha-keto glutaric acid and pantothenic acid suggesting the use of this mixture in the prevention of mustard damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Varma
- University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Medicine, 21201-1192, USA
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Varma SD, Devamanoharan PS, Ali AH, Brozetti J, Petrali J, Lehnert E, Weir A. Half mustard (CEES) induced damage to rabbit cornea: attenuating effect of taurine-pyruvate-alpha-ketoglutarate-pantothenate mixture. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1998; 14:423-8. [PMID: 9811231 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1998.14.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have been conducted on the corneal damage by half mustard (2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulfide, CEES) and its possible prevention by a mixture of taurine, alpha-ketoglutarate, pyruvate and pantothenate. CEES has been found to damage the membrane permeability function of the corneal epithelium as evidenced by increased flux of the rubidium ion from the epithelial to the endothelial side. The cornea also loses its transparency. These damaging effects are preventable by the above mixture labeled as VM. It is conceived that use of such a mixed formulation may provide a pharmacological means of prophylactic and post-exposure treatment against the tissue damage caused by exposure to the mustards.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Varma
- University of Maryland at Baltimore, 21201-1192, USA
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Abstract
The concentration of taurine is high in the lens. However, its function therein remains unknown. Studies from other tissues suggest that in addition to several other modes of action, it acts as an antioxidant. We therefore hypothesize that taurine may be a part of the antioxidant defense mechanisms involved in protecting the lens against oxidative stress and consequent cataract formation. In these studies, the protective effect of taurine was examined using lens culture system with menadione as an oxidant. Inclusion of this compound in the incubation medium was found to have several adverse effects on the lens, such as a decrease in its ability to accumulate rubidium against a concentration gradient and fall in the levels of glutathione, ATP and an increase in water insoluble proteins. All these deleterious effects were attenuated significantly by addition of physiological amounts of taurine to the menadione-containing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Devamanoharan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Abstract
Pyruvate is a well-known scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, it scavenges superoxide radical (O2.-). However, evidence on its intracellular antioxidant function is meager at present. Hence, we have examined the effectiveness of this metabolite and its ethyl ester against intracellular oxidative damage to the lens under organ culture. Menadione, a redoxcycling quinone, was used to generate the reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was found to inhibit lens metabolism as evidenced by a decrease of ATP. Additionally, tissue oxidation was apparent by loss of glutathione (GSH), and increase in the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), coupled with increase of the urea soluble proteins (water insoluble). The overall physiological damage was apparent by the inhibition of the Na+-K+-ATPase dependent cation pump, as evidenced by a decreased rubidium transport. These deleterious effects were attenuated by pyruvate and ethyl-pyruvate. The later was found to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Varma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Abstract
Modifications in lens protein structure and function due to nonenzymic glycosylation and oxidation have been suggested to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of sugar and senile cataracts. The glycation reaction involves an initial Schiff base formation between the protein NH2 groups and the carbonyl group of a reducing sugar. The Schiff base then undergoes several structural modifications, via some oxidative reactions involving oxygen free radicals. Hence certain endogenous tissue components that may inhibit the formation of protein-sugar adduct formation may have a sparing effect against the cataractogenic effects of sugars and reactive oxygen. The eye lens is endowed with significant concentration of taurine, a sulfonated amino acid, and its precursor hypotaurine. It is hypothesized that taurine and hypotaurine may have this purported function of protecting the lens proteins against glycation and subsequent denaturation, in addition to their other functions. The results presented herein suggest that these compounds are indeed capable of protecting glycation competitively by forming Schiff bases with sugar carbonyls, and thereby preventing the glycation of lens proteins per se. In addition, they appear to prevent oxidative damage by scavenging hydroxyl radicals. This was apparent by their preventive effect against the formation of the thiobarbituric acid reactive material generated from deoxy-ribose, when the later was exposed to hydroxyl radicals generated by the action of xanthine oxidase on hypoxanthine in presence of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Devamanoharan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Varma SD, Devamanoharan PS, Ali AH. Formation of advanced glycation end (AGE) products in diabetes: prevention by pyruvate and alpha-keto glutarate. Mol Cell Biochem 1997; 171:23-8. [PMID: 9201691 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006846501081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycation of proteins and their subsequent structural and functional modifications have been ascribed to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of several secondary complications of diabetes, such as cataract and retinopathy. In addition, it plays a role in the generalized ageing process as well. Investigations have been conducted to explore the possibility of preventing the above process by use of pyruvate and alpha-keto glutarate as representatives of physiologically compatible keto acids. The results demonstrate that both these compounds are effective in preventing the initial glycation reaction as well as the formation of AGE products. Both these compounds also inhibit the generation of high molecular weight aggregates associated with cataract formation. Mechanistically, the preventive effects appear to be due to (1) competitive inhibition of glycation by the keto acids and (2) the antioxidant (radical scavenging) properties of these compounds. The results are hence considered useful from the point of view of developing these and other keto acid derivatives as pharmacological agents useful in preventing glycation related protein changes and consequent tissue pathological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Varma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Varma SD, Ali AH, Devamanoharan PS, Morris SM. Nitrite-induced photo-oxidation of thiol and its implications in smog toxicity to the eye: prevention by ascorbate. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1997; 13:179-87. [PMID: 9090618 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1997.13.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have been conducted on nitrite-induced oxidation of corneal thiols and reduced glutathione (GSH). Oxidation of GSH in the presence of nitrite (NaNO2) was minimal in the dark. Exposure of GSH to UV (365 nm) in the presence of nitrite substantially accelerated this oxidation; only < 10% of the original GSH remained at the end of 20 minutes. A similar Thiol depletion was observed in the case of corneal epithelial extracts irradiated with UV in the presence of the nitrite. Nitrite is therefore considered to be a potent phototoxicant with possible pathophysiological implications to the external eye tissues. Ascorbate was found to be effective in preventing thiol oxidation, suggesting the possibility of preventing nitrogen oxide-based smog irritation to the eye by this physiologically compatible antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Varma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Varma SD, Ramachandran S, Devamanoharan PS, Morris SM, Ali AH. Prevention of oxidative damage to rat lens by pyruvate in vitro: possible attenuation in vivo. Curr Eye Res 1995; 14:643-9. [PMID: 8529399 DOI: 10.3109/02713689508998491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies have been conducted to assess the possible preventive effect of pyruvate against lens protein oxidation and consequent denaturation and insolubilization. Rat lens organ culture system was used for these studies. The content of water insoluble proteins (urea soluble) increased if the lenses were cultured in medium containing hydrogen peroxide. Incorporation of pyruvate in the medium prevented such insolubilization. The insolubilization was associated primarily with loss of gamma crystallin fraction of the soluble proteins. PAGE analysis demonstrated that insolubilization is related to -S-S- bond formation which was preventable by pyruvate. Since pyruvate is a normal tissue metabolite the findings are considered pathophysiologically significant against cataract formation. This was apparent by the prevention of selenite cataract in vivo by intraperitoneal administration of pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Varma
- University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology 21201, USA
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Kafafi SA, Afeefy HY, Ali AH, Said HK, Kafafi AG. Binding of polychlorinated biphenyls to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 101:422-8. [PMID: 8119253 PMCID: PMC1519849 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.93101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A new thermodynamic model for calculating the dissociation constants of complexes formed between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is reported. The free energies of binding of PCBs to AhR are controlled by their lipophilicities, electron affinities, and entropies. The corresponding physicochemical properties of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans also control their interactions with AhR. We present evidence supporting the hypothesis that the majority of PCBs are likely to interact with AhR in their nonplanar conformations. In addition, we demonstrate that the affinities of PCBs for AhR relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin correlate with corresponding toxic equivalency factors in animals. The reported methodology is likely to be applicable to other polyhalogenated and mixed polyhalogenated bi- and terphenyls and related xenobiotics; thus, it could minimize the number of in vivo studies in laboratory animals and facilitate the identification of potentially hazardous aromatic xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kafafi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Kafafi SA, Afeefy HY, Ali AH, Said HK, Abd-Elazem IS, Kafafi AG. Affinities for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, potencies as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducers and relative toxicities of polychlorinated biphenyls. A congener specific approach. Carcinogenesis 1993; 14:2063-71. [PMID: 8222055 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/14.10.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are nonplanar aromatic xenobiotics that are not structurally related to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), yet, some PCBs are potent ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), active inducers of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), and elicit toxicological responses in animals similar to PCDDs and PCDFs. We report new methodologies for quantifying the affinities of PCBs for AhR and corresponding potencies as AHH and EROD inducers. The models show that lipophilicities, electron affinities, entropies and electronic energy gaps of PCBs are key physicochemical properties controlling their AhR, AHH and EROD activities. Using 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) as the reference compound, it is shown that PCBs having higher electron affinities, lower lipophilicities and entropies than TCB are potent ligands for rat hepatic AhR. In addition, the congeners having higher binding affinities to AhR and smaller energy gaps than TCB are potent AHH and EROD inducers in rat hepatoma cells in culture. The reported models qualitatively explain and quantify AhR, AHH and EROD activities of all 209-PCBs and related xenobiotics, e.g. PCDDs and PCDFs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AhR and AHH activities of PCBs relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin correlate with corresponding in vivo relative toxicities in animals as well as assigned toxic equivalency factors. The reported methodologies are likely to be useful for identifying potentially toxic aromatic xenobiotics in mammals, and minimizing the need for animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kafafi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Ng KC, Ali AH, Barber TE, Winefordner JD. Multiple mode semiconductor diode laser as a spectral line source for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Anal Chem 1990; 62:1893-5. [PMID: 2240574 DOI: 10.1021/ac00216a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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Slim MS, Pimpalnerkar L, Rao SS, Ali AH, Hajar HA. Pulmonary arterio-venous fistula in a child: a rare cause of congenital cyanosis. Z Kinderchir 1981; 34:67-71. [PMID: 7314958 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1063299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A 12-year-old girl with a solitary pulmonary arterio-venous fistula (P.A.V.F.) affecting the R.L.L. is reported. The cyanosis was noted since birth and increased with age. The diagnosis was confirmed by right heart catheterization and pulmonary arteriography. Preoperatively, her hematocrit was 73%, paO2 36 mm Hg and no bruit was heard. The treatment consisted of a right lower lobectomy. One year postoperatively, the patient has normal activities, is asymptomatic and has no evidence of residual disease. A short review of the literature on the subject of P.A.V.F. is included and indicates the relative rarity of surgical treatment of this disease in childhood.
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Zahran MM, Ali AH, Kotb AK, Farid FM, El-Adl NM, Mortagy MS. In situ hypothermic renal perfusion. Evaluation of three intracellular solutions. Urology 1980; 15:479-85. [PMID: 7052712 DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(80)90009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Description of a simple technique for in situ hypothermic renal perfusion is presented. Three intracellular solutions simulating perfusates were tried on three groups of mongrel dogs with a fourth group that served as control. Right nephrectomy was performed on all dogs. The left kidney was perfused for two and one-half hours at a temperature of 15 degrees to 17 degrees C. Follow-up evaluation by estimation of five enzymes, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and phospholexose isomerase in serum, urine, and renal tissue was conducted. Renal function was evaluated by the level of serum creatinine and its twenty-four-hour urinary excretion. Minimal biochemical changes comparable to the control group were observed in the group perfused by Chapman solution.
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