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Boone HM, Pacifici K, Moorman CE, Kays R. Using decoys and camera traps to estimate depredation rates and neonate survival. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293328. [PMID: 37874835 PMCID: PMC10597525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ungulate neonates-individuals less than four weeks old-typically experience the greatest predation rates, and variation in their survival can influence ungulate population dynamics. Typical methods to measure neonate survival involve capture and radio-tracking of adults and neonates to discover mortality events. This type of fieldwork is invasive and expensive, can bias results if it leads to neonate abandonment, and may still have high uncertainty about the predator species involved. Here we explore the potential for a non-invasive approach to estimate an index for neonate survival using camera traps paired with decoys that mimic white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) neonates in the first month of life. We monitored sites with camera traps for two weeks before and after the placement of the neonate decoy and urine scent lure. Predator response to the decoy was classified into three categories: did not approach, approached within 2.5 m but did not touch the decoy, or physically touched the decoy; when conducting survival analyses, we considered these second two categories as dead neonates. The majority (76.3%) of the predators approached the decoy, with 51.1% initiating physical contact. Decoy probability of survival was 0.31 (95% CI = 0.22, 0.35) for a 30-day period. Decoys within the geographic range of American black bear (Ursus americanus) were primarily (75%) attacked by bears. Overall, neonate survival probability decreased as predator abundance increased. The camera-decoy protocol required about ½ the effort and 1/3 the budget of traditional capture-track approaches. We conclude that the camera-decoy approach is a cost-effective method to estimate a neonate survival probability index based on depredation probability and identify which predators are most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey M. Boone
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Krishna Pacifici
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Roland Kays
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
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Powell BL, Buehler DA, Moorman CE, Zobel JM, Harper CA. Vegetation structure and food availability following disturbance in recently restored early successional plant communities. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bonner L. Powell
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - David A. Buehler
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - John M. Zobel
- Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Craig A. Harper
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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Moorman CE, Kreh C. A word from the North Carolina Organizers. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Moorman
- North Carolina State University Editor, Proceedings of the 12th National Wildlife Turkey Symposium and special issue of the Wildlife Society Bulletin
| | - Christopher Kreh
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Chair, Steering Committee for the 12th National Wildlife Turkey Symposium
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Harper CA, Gefellers JW, Buehler DA, Moorman CE, Zobel JM. Plant Community Response and Implications for Wildlife Following Control of a Nonnative Perennial Grass. WILDLIFE SOC B 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Harper
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - J. Wade Gefellers
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - David A. Buehler
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - John M. Zobel
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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Rosche SB, Moorman CE, Kroeger AJ, Pacifici K, Jones JG, Deperno CS. Effects of Prescribed Fire on Northern Bobwhite Nesting Ecology. WILDLIFE SOC B 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Rosche
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Anthony J. Kroeger
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Krishna Pacifici
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Jones
- Fort Bragg Wildlife Branch, Directorate of Public Works Fort Bragg NC 28310 USA
| | - Christopher S. Deperno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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Choi DY, Fish AC, Moorman CE, DePerno CS, Schillaci JM. Breeding-Season Survival, Home-Range Size, and Habitat Selection of Female Bachman's Sparrows. SOUTHEAST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/058.020.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y. Choi
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Alexander C. Fish
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
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GeFellers JW, Buehler DA, Moorman CE, Zobel JM, Harper CA. Seeding is not always necessary to restore native early successional plant communities. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Wade GeFellers
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996 U.S.A
| | - David A. Buehler
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996 U.S.A
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 U.S.A
| | - John M. Zobel
- University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue N, Department of Forest Resources, St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| | - Craig A. Harper
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996 U.S.A
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Michel ES, Strickland BK, Demarais S, Belant JL, Kautz TM, Duquette JF, Beyer DE, Chamberlain MJ, Miller KV, Shuman RM, Kilgo JC, Diefenbach DR, Wallingford BD, Vreeland JK, Ditchkoff SS, DePerno CS, Moorman CE, Chitwood MC, Lashley MA. Relative reproductive phenology and synchrony affect neonate survival in a nonprecocial ungulate. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Michel
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Division of Fish and Wildlife Madelia MN USA
| | - Bronson K. Strickland
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Stephen Demarais
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
| | - Todd M. Kautz
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
| | - Jared F. Duquette
- Illinois Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division Forbes Natural History Building Champaign IL USA
| | - Dean E. Beyer
- Customer Service Center Michigan Department of Natural Resources Marquette MI USA
| | | | - Karl V. Miller
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | | | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station New Ellenton SC USA
| | - Duane R. Diefenbach
- U.S. Geological Survey Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - M. Colter Chitwood
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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Richardson AD, Kroeger AJ, Moorman CE, Harper CA, Gardner B, Jones MD, Strope BM. Nesting Ecology of Northern Bobwhite on a Working Farm. WILDLIFE SOC B 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy D. Richardson
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program North Carolina State University Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Anthony J. Kroeger
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program North Carolina State University Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program North Carolina State University Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Craig A. Harper
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee 280 Ellington Plant Sciences Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Beth Gardner
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington 202 Winkenwerder Forest Sciences Laboratory Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Mark D. Jones
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission P.O. Box 972 Dobson NC 27017 USA
| | - Benjy M. Strope
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission P.O. Box 276 White Oak NC 28399 USA
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Noonan MJ, Fleming CH, Tucker MA, Kays R, Harrison A, Crofoot MC, Abrahms B, Alberts SC, Ali AH, Altmann J, Antunes PC, Attias N, Belant JL, Beyer DE, Bidner LR, Blaum N, Boone RB, Caillaud D, de Paula RC, de la Torre JA, Dekker J, DePerno CS, Farhadinia M, Fennessy J, Fichtel C, Fischer C, Ford A, Goheen JR, Havmøller RW, Hirsch BT, Hurtado C, Isbell LA, Janssen R, Jeltsch F, Kaczensky P, Kaneko Y, Kappeler P, Katna A, Kauffman M, Koch F, Kulkarni A, LaPoint S, Leimgruber P, Macdonald DW, Markham AC, McMahon L, Mertes K, Moorman CE, Morato RG, Moßbrucker AM, Mourão G, O'Connor D, Oliveira‐Santos LGR, Pastorini J, Patterson BD, Rachlow J, Ranglack DH, Reid N, Scantlebury DM, Scott DM, Selva N, Sergiel A, Songer M, Songsasen N, Stabach JA, Stacy‐Dawes J, Swingen MB, Thompson JJ, Ullmann W, Vanak AT, Thaker M, Wilson JW, Yamazaki K, Yarnell RW, Zieba F, Zwijacz‐Kozica T, Fagan WF, Mueller T, Calabrese JM. Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:1017-1028. [PMID: 32362060 PMCID: PMC7496598 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals <10 kg were underestimated by a mean approximately15%, and species weighing approximately100 kg were underestimated by approximately50% on average. Thus, we found area estimation was subject to autocorrelation-induced bias that was worse for large species. Combined with the fact that extinction risk increases as body mass increases, the allometric scaling of bias we observed suggests the most threatened species are also likely to be those with the least accurate home-range estimates. As a correction, we tested whether data thinning or autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation minimized the scaling effect of autocorrelation on area estimates. Data thinning required an approximately93% data loss to achieve statistical independence with 95% confidence and was, therefore, not a viable solution. In contrast, autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation resulted in consistently accurate estimates irrespective of mass. When relating body mass to home range size, we detected that correcting for autocorrelation resulted in a scaling exponent significantly >1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Noonan
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742U.S.A.
| | - Christen H. Fleming
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742U.S.A.
| | - Marlee A. Tucker
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreSenckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungSenckenberganlage 25Frankfurt (Main)60325Germany
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe UniversityMax‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9Frankfurt (Main)60438Germany
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Wetland and Water ResearchRadboud UniversityP.O. Box 9010NijmegenGLNL‐6500The Netherlands
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesBiodiversity LabRaleighNC27601U.S.A.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, College of Natural Resources Campus Box 8001North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695U.S.A.
| | - Autumn‐Lynn Harrison
- Migratory Bird CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonD.C.20013U.S.A.
| | - Margaret C. Crofoot
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616U.S.A.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa Ancon0843‐03092Republic of Panama
| | - Briana Abrahms
- Environmental Research DivisionNOAA Southwest Fisheries Science CenterMontereyCA93940U.S.A.
| | - Susan C. Alberts
- Departments of Biology and Evolutionary AnthropologyDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708U.S.A.
| | | | - Jeanne Altmann
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionPrinceton University106A Guyot HallPrincetonNJ08544U.S.A.
| | - Pamela Castro Antunes
- Department of EcologyFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMS79070–900Brazil
| | - Nina Attias
- Programa de Pós‐Graduaçao em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do SulCidade UniversitáriaAv. Costa e SilvaCampo GrandeMato Grosso do Sul79070‐900Brazil
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Camp Fire Program in Wildlife Conservation, State University of New YorkCollege of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNY13210U.S.A.
| | - Dean E. Beyer
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources1990 U.S. 41 SouthMarquetteMI49855U.S.A.
| | - Laura R. Bidner
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616U.S.A.
- Mpala Research CentreNanyuki555–104000Kenya
| | - Niels Blaum
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationAm Mühlenberg 3Potsdam14476Germany
| | - Randall B. Boone
- Natural Resource Ecology LaboratoryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523U.S.A.
- Department of Ecosystem Science and SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523U.S.A.
| | - Damien Caillaud
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616U.S.A.
| | - Rogerio Cunha de Paula
- National Research Center for Carnivores ConservationChico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of BiodiversityEstrada Municipal Hisaichi Takebayashi 8600AtibaiaSP12952‐011Brazil
| | - J. Antonio de la Torre
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico and CONACyTCiudad UniversitariaMexicoD.F.04318Mexico
| | - Jasja Dekker
- Jasja Dekker DierecologieEnkhuizenstraat 26ArnhemWZ6843The Netherlands
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, College of Natural Resources Campus Box 8001North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695U.S.A.
| | - Mohammad Farhadinia
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordTubney House, OxfordshireOxfordOX13 5QLU.K.
- Future4Leopards FoundationTehranIran
| | | | - Claudia Fichtel
- German Primate CenterBehavioral Ecology & Sociobiology UnitKellnerweg 4Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Christina Fischer
- Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnische Universität MünchenEmil‐Ramann‐Straße 6Freising85354Germany
| | - Adam Ford
- The Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, Unit 2: BiologyThe University of British ColumbiaOkanagan Campus, SCI 109, 1177 Research RoadKelownaBCV1V 1V7Canada
| | - Jacob R. Goheen
- Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82071U.S.A.
| | | | - Ben T. Hirsch
- Zoology and Ecology, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia
| | - Cindy Hurtado
- Museo de Historia NaturalUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima15072Peru
- Department of Forest Resources ManagementThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Lynne A. Isbell
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616U.S.A.
- Mpala Research CentreNanyuki555–104000Kenya
| | - René Janssen
- Bionet NatuuronderzoekValderstraat 39Stein6171ELThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationAm Mühlenberg 3Potsdam14476Germany
| | - Petra Kaczensky
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research — NINASluppenTrondheimNO‐7485Norway
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary MedicineSavoyenstraße 1ViennaA‐1160Austria
| | - Yayoi Kaneko
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo183–8509Japan
| | - Peter Kappeler
- German Primate CenterBehavioral Ecology & Sociobiology UnitKellnerweg 4Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Anjan Katna
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)BangaloreKarnataka560064India
- Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India
| | - Matthew Kauffman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82071U.S.A.
| | - Flavia Koch
- German Primate CenterBehavioral Ecology & Sociobiology UnitKellnerweg 4Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)BangaloreKarnataka560064India
| | - Scott LaPoint
- Max Planck Institute for OrnithologyVogelwarte RadolfzellAm Obstberg 1RadolfzellD‐78315Germany
- Black Rock Forest65 Reservoir RoadCornwallNY12518U.S.A.
| | - Peter Leimgruber
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordTubney House, OxfordshireOxfordOX13 5QLU.K.
| | | | - Laura McMahon
- Office of Applied ScienceDepartment of Natural ResourcesRhinelanderWI54501U.S.A.
| | - Katherine Mertes
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, College of Natural Resources Campus Box 8001North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695U.S.A.
| | - Ronaldo G. Morato
- National Research Center for Carnivores ConservationChico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of BiodiversityEstrada Municipal Hisaichi Takebayashi 8600AtibaiaSP12952‐011Brazil
- Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores – Pró‐CarnívorosAtibaiaSao Paulo12945‐010Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Mourão
- Embrapa PantanalRua 21 de setembro 1880Corumb´aMS79320–900Brazil
| | - David O'Connor
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe UniversityMax‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9Frankfurt (Main)60438Germany
- San Diego Zoo Institute of Conservation Research15600 San Pasqual Valley RoadEscondidoCA92027U.S.A.
- National Geographic Partners1145 17th Street NWWashingtonD.C.20036U.S.A.
| | | | - Jennifer Pastorini
- Centre for Conservation and Research26/7 C2 Road, KodigahawewaJulpallamaTissamaharama82600Sri Lanka
- Anthropologisches InstitutUniversität ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190Zurich8057Switzerland
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Integrative Research CenterField Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIL60605U.S.A.
| | - Janet Rachlow
- Department of Fish and Wildlife SciencesUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS 1136MoscowID83844‐1136U.S.A.
| | - Dustin H. Ranglack
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nebraska at KearneyKearneyNE68849U.S.A.
| | - Neil Reid
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT9 5DLU.K.
| | - David M. Scantlebury
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfastNorthern IrelandBT9 5DLU.K.
| | - Dawn M. Scott
- School of Life SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireST5 5BGU.K.
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature ConservationPolish Academy of SciencesMickiewicza 33Krakow31–120Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sergiel
- Institute of Nature ConservationPolish Academy of SciencesMickiewicza 33Krakow31–120Poland
| | - Melissa Songer
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - Nucharin Songsasen
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - Jared A. Stabach
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
| | - Jenna Stacy‐Dawes
- San Diego Zoo Institute of Conservation Research15600 San Pasqual Valley RoadEscondidoCA92027U.S.A.
| | - Morgan B. Swingen
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, College of Natural Resources Campus Box 8001North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695U.S.A.
- 1854 Treaty Authority4428 Haines RoadDuluthMN55811U.S.A.
| | - Jeffrey J. Thompson
- Asociación Guyra Paraguay – CONACYTParque Ecológico Asunción VerdeAsuncion1101Paraguay
- Instituto SaiteCoronel Felix Cabrera 166Asuncion1101Paraguay
| | - Wiebke Ullmann
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationAm Mühlenberg 3Potsdam14476Germany
| | - Abi Tamim Vanak
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)BangaloreKarnataka560064India
- Wellcome Trust/DBT India AllianceHyderabad500034India
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4041South Africa
| | - Maria Thaker
- Centre for Ecological SciencesIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India
| | - John W. Wilson
- Department of Zoology & EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa
| | - Koji Yamazaki
- Ibaraki Nature MuseumZoological Laboratory700 OsakiBando‐cityIbaraki306–0622Japan
- Forest Ecology LaboratoryDepartment of Forest ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture1‐1‐1 SakuragaokaSetagaya‐KuTokyo156–8502Japan
| | - Richard W. Yarnell
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental SciencesNottingham Trent UniversityBrackenhurst CampusSouthwellNG25 0QFU.K.
| | - Filip Zieba
- Tatra National ParkKúznice 1Zakopane34–500Poland
| | | | - William F. Fagan
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742U.S.A.
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreSenckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungSenckenberganlage 25Frankfurt (Main)60325Germany
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe UniversityMax‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9Frankfurt (Main)60438Germany
| | - Justin M. Calabrese
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park1500 Remount RoadFront RoyalVA22630U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742U.S.A.
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Kroeger AJ, DePerno CS, Harper CA, Rosche SB, Moorman CE. Northern Bobwhite Non‐Breeding Habitat Selection in a Longleaf Pine Woodland. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Kroeger
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Craig A. Harper
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries University of Tennessee 2431 Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Sarah B. Rosche
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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12
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Garabedian JE, Moorman CE, Peterson MN, Kilgo JC. Neighboring group density is more important than forest stand age to a threatened social woodpecker population. Wildlife Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- C. E. Moorman and M. N. Peterson, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M. Nils Peterson
- C. E. Moorman and M. N. Peterson, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- J. C. Kilgo, USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC, USA
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13
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Bragina EV, Kays R, Hody A, Moorman CE, DePerno CS, Mills LS. White‐tailed deer and coyote colonization: a response to Kilgo et al. (2019). J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia V. Bragina
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences 11 West Jones Street Raleigh NC 27601 USA
| | - Allison Hody
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - L. Scott Mills
- Wildlife Biology Program and Office of Research and Creative ScholarshipUniversity of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA
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14
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Drake MD, Peterson MN, Griffith EH, Olfenbuttel C, Moorman CE, Deperno CS. Hunting interacts with socio‐demographic predictors of human perceptions of urban coyotes. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Drake
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - M. Nils Peterson
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Emily H. Griffith
- Statistics DepartmentNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Colleen Olfenbuttel
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Division of Wildlife Management Pittsboro NC 27102 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher S. Deperno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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15
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Burke CR, Peterson MN, Sawyer DT, Moorman CE, Serenari C, Pacifici K. A method for mapping hunting occurrence using publicly available, geographic variables. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conner R. Burke
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - M. Nils Peterson
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - David T. Sawyer
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | | | - Krishna Pacifici
- Applied Ecology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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16
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Taillie PJ, Moorman CE, Poulter B, Ardón M, Emanuel RE. Decadal-Scale Vegetation Change Driven by Salinity at Leading Edge of Rising Sea Level. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Sasmal I, Moorman CE, Swingen MB, Datta S, DePerno CS. Seasonal space use of transient and resident coyotes (Canis latrans) in North Carolina, USA. CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1823) is a recent immigrant into eastern United States and little is known about the species’ space use and movement in the region. We compared space use and movement of radio-collared coyotes among biological seasons. We captured and collared 30 coyotes from February through May 2011 and collected 85 386 GPS locations through October 2012 at Fort Bragg Military Installation. We defined four biological seasons according to coyote life history: breeding (December–February), gestation (March–May), pup-rearing (June–August), and dispersal (September–November). Out of 27 radio-collared individuals, we identified 10 as transient and 11 as resident based on home-range size and variability across seasons; 6 switched their status and were classified as intermediate. We observed low variability of core-area size across seasons for resident males and females, whereas we documented high variability for transient males. Movement rate of resident coyotes during spring (449.75 m/h) was greater than summer (295.33 m/h), whereas movement rates did not differ between any other seasons. For transient coyotes, movement rate during summer (283 m/h) was less than fall (374.73 m/h), spring (479.85 m/h), and winter (488.5 m/h). Some coyotes adjusted their residency status seasonally and other individuals dispersed large distances (>200 km).
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Sasmal
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Morgan B. Swingen
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Shubham Datta
- Biology Department, Dakota College at Bottineau, Bottineau, ND 58318, USA
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia V. Bragina
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences11 West Jones StreetRaleighNC27601USA
| | - Allison Hody
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Christopher S. Deperno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA
| | - L. Scott Mills
- Wildlife Biology Program and Office of Research and Creative ScholarshipUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Taillie
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Fish
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27607USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27607USA
| | | | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27607USA
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21
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Frew KN, Peterson MN, Sills E, Moorman CE, Bondell H, Fuller JC, Howell DL. Market and nonmarket valuation of North Carolina's tundra swans among hunters, wildlife watchers, and the public. WILDLIFE SOC B 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N. Frew
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - M. Nils Peterson
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Erin Sills
- Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Howard Bondell
- Department of Statistics; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Joseph C. Fuller
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Edenton; NC 27932 USA
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22
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Sasmal I, Kilburg EL, DePerno CS, Chitwood MC, Lashley MA, Collier BA, Moorman CE. Eastern Wild Turkey Roost-Site Selection in a Fire-Maintained Longleaf Pine Ecosystem. SOUTHEAST NAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1656/058.017.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Sasmal
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Eric L. Kilburg
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - M. Colter Chitwood
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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23
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Taillie PJ, Burnett RD, Roberts LJ, Campos BR, Peterson MN, Moorman CE. Interacting and non‐linear avian responses to mixed‐severity wildfire and time since fire. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Taillie
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Ryan D. Burnett
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - Lance Jay Roberts
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - Brent R. Campos
- Point Blue Conservation Science 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma California 94954 USA
| | - M. Nils Peterson
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Fish
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | | | - George R. Hess
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
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25
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Grodsky SM, Moorman CE, Fritts SR, Campbell JW, Sorenson CE, Bertone MA, Castleberry SB, Wigley TB. Invertebrate community response to coarse woody debris removal for bioenergy production from intensively managed forests. Ecol Appl 2018; 28:135-148. [PMID: 28949046 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased market viability of harvest residues as forest bioenergy feedstock may escalate removal of coarse woody debris in managed forests. Meanwhile, many forest invertebrates use coarse woody debris for cover, food, and reproduction. Few studies have explicitly addressed effects of operational-scale woody biomass harvesting on invertebrates following clearcutting. Therefore, we measured invertebrate community response to large-scale harvest residue removal and micro-site manipulations of harvest residue availability in recently clearcut, intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests in North Carolina (NC; n = 4) and Georgia (GA; n = 4), USA. We captured 39,794 surface-active invertebrates representing 171 taxonomic groups using pitfall traps situated among micro-site locations (i.e., purposefully retained piles of hardwood stems and piles of conifer stems and areas without coarse woody debris in NC; windrows and no windrows in GA). Micro-site locations were located within six, large-scale treatments (7.16-14.3 ha) in clearcuts. Large-scale treatments represented intensive harvest residue removal, 15% and 30% harvest residue retention, and no harvest residue removal. In NC, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) were three times more abundant in treatments with no harvest residue removal than those with the most intensive harvest residue removal and were reduced in treatments that retained 15% or 30% of harvest residues, although not significantly. Invertebrate taxa richness was greater at micro-site locations with retained hardwood and pine (Pinus spp.) harvest residues than those with minimal amounts of coarse woody debris. In both states, relative abundances of several invertebrate taxa, including cave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae), fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae), millipedes (Diplopoda), and wood roaches (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), were greater at micro-site locations with retained harvest residues than those with minimal coarse woody debris. Intensified woody biomass harvesting without retention of ≥15% of harvest residue volume may reduce invertebrate taxa richness and abundances of some key invertebrate taxa in regenerating stands. Further, harvest residue management during and after woody biomass harvesting may be an important consideration for maintaining invertebrate diversity and conserving invertebrates that are influential in the maintenance of ecosystem function and integrity in young forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Grodsky
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Christopher E Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Sarah R Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Joshua W Campbell
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Clyde E Sorenson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Matthew A Bertone
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Steven B Castleberry
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - T Bently Wigley
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
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Chitwood MC, Lashley MA, Moorman CE, DePerno CS. Setting an evolutionary trap: could the hider strategy be maladaptive for white-tailed deer? J ETHOL 2017; 35:251-257. [PMID: 29225404 PMCID: PMC5711996 DOI: 10.1007/s10164-017-0514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An evolutionary trap occurs when an organism makes a formerly adaptive decision that now results in a maladaptive outcome. Such traps can be induced by anthropogenic environmental changes, with nonnative species introductions being a leading cause. The recent establishment of coyotes (Canis latrans) into the southeastern USA has the potential to change white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population dynamics through direct predation and behavioral adaptation. We used movement rate and bedsite characteristics of radiocollared neonates to evaluate their antipredator strategies in the context of novel predation risk in a structurally homogeneous, fire-maintained ecosystem. Neonate bedsites had greater plant cover values compared with random sites (t = 30.136; p < 0.001), indicating bedsite selection was consistent with the hider strategy used to avoid predation. We determined selection gradients of coyote predation on neonate movement rate and plant cover and diversity at bedsites during the first 10 days of life. Interestingly, neonates that moved less and bedded in denser cover were more likely to be depredated by coyotes, meaning that greater neonate movement rate and bedsites located in less dense cover were favored by natural selection. These results are counter to expected antipredator strategies in white-tailed deer and exemplify how an adaptive response could be maladaptive in novel contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colter Chitwood
- Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Department, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.,Present Address: Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - Marcus A Lashley
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Christopher E Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher S DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. McAlister
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; North Carolina State University; Campus Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; North Carolina State University; Campus Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Joseph C. Fuller
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; 132 Marine Drive Edenton NC 27932 USA
| | - Douglas L. Howell
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; 132 Marine Drive Edenton NC 27932 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; North Carolina State University; Campus Box 7646 Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Morina
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - M. Colter Chitwood
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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29
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Winiarski JM, Moorman CE, Carpenter JP, Hess GR. Reproductive consequences of habitat fragmentation for a declining resident bird of the longleaf pine ecosystem. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Winiarski
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - John P. Carpenter
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; 1751 Varsity Drive Raleigh North Carolina 27606 USA
| | - George R. Hess
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
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30
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Fritts SR, Moorman CE, Grodsky SM, Hazel DW, Homyack JA, Farrell CB, Castleberry SB, Evans EH, Greene DU. Rodent response to harvesting woody biomass for bioenergy production. J Wildl Manage 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Fritts
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramNorth Carolina State UniversityBox 7646RaleighNC27695‐7646USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramNorth Carolina State UniversityBox 7646RaleighNC27695‐7646USA
| | - Steven M. Grodsky
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology ProgramNorth Carolina State UniversityBox 7646RaleighNC27695‐7646USA
| | - Dennis W. Hazel
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityBox 7646RaleighNC27695‐7646USA
| | | | | | - Steven B. Castleberry
- University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesAthensGA30602‐2152USA
| | - Emily H. Evans
- Department of BiologyGeorgia Southern UniversityP.O. Box 8042StatesboroGA30460USA
| | - Daniel U. Greene
- Department of Natural Resources ManagementTexas Tech UniversityP.O. Box 42125LubbockTX79409USA
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31
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McAlister MA, Moorman CE, Meentemeyer RK, Fuller JC, Howell DL, DePerno CS. Using Landscape Characteristics to Predict Distribution of Temperate-Breeding Canada Geese. SOUTHEAST NAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1656/058.016.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. McAlister
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 1 Yawkey Way South Georgetown, SC 29440
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7646, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7646, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Ross K. Meentemeyer
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7106, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Joseph C. Fuller
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 132 Marine Drive, Edenton, NC 27932
| | - Douglas L. Howell
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 132 Marine Drive, Edenton, NC 27932
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7646, Raleigh, NC 27695
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32
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Sasmal I, Deperno CS, Swingen MB, Moorman CE. Influence of vegetation type and prescribed fire on Peromyscus
abundance in a longleaf pine ecosystem. WILDLIFE SOC B 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Sasmal
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher S. Deperno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Morgan B. Swingen
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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33
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Moorman CE, Klimstra RL, Harper CA, Marcus JF, Sorenson CE. Breeding songbird use of native warm-season and non-native cool-season grass forage fields. WILDLIFE SOC B 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Ryan L. Klimstra
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Craig A. Harper
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | | | - Clyde E. Sorenson
- Department of Entomology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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Chitwood MC, Lashley MA, DePerno CS, Moorman CE. Considerations on neonatal ungulate capture method: potential for bias in survival estimation and cause-specific mortality. Wildlife Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Colter Chitwood
- M. C. Chitwood , Dept of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- M. A. Lashley, Dept of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- C. S. DePerno and C. E. Moorman, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- C. S. DePerno and C. E. Moorman, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
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Chitwood MC, Lashley MA, Kilgo JC, Cherry MJ, Conner LM, Vukovich M, Ray HS, Ruth C, Warren RJ, DePerno CS, Moorman CE. Are camera surveys useful for assessing recruitment in white-tailed deer? Wildlife Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Colter Chitwood
- M. C. Chitwood and M. A. Lashley, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Present address for MCC: Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Dept, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. Present address for MAL: Dept of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- M. C. Chitwood and M. A. Lashley, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Present address for MCC: Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Dept, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. Present address for MAL: Dept of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- J. C. Kilgo and M. Vukovich, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Michael J. Cherry
- M. J. Cherry and L. M. Conner, Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Newton, GA, USA
| | - L. Mike Conner
- M. J. Cherry and L. M. Conner, Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Newton, GA, USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- J. C. Kilgo and M. Vukovich, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - H. Scott Ray
- H. S. Ray, USDA Forest Service, Francis Marion and Sumter National Forest, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Charles Ruth
- C. Ruth, South Carolina Dept of Natural Resources, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Robert J. Warren
- R. J. Warren, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- C. S. DePerno and C. E. Moorman, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- C. S. DePerno and C. E. Moorman, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
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Grodsky SM, Moorman CE, Fritts SR, Castleberry SB, Wigley TB. Breeding, Early-Successional Bird Response to Forest Harvests for Bioenergy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165070. [PMID: 27780221 PMCID: PMC5079583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest regeneration following timber harvest is a principal source of habitat for early-successional birds and characterized by influxes of early-successional vegetation and residual downed woody material. Early-successional birds may use harvest residues for communication, cover, foraging, and nesting. Yet, increased market viability of woody biomass as bioenergy feedstock may intensify harvest residue removal. Our objectives were to: 1) evaluate effects of varying intensities of woody biomass harvest on the early-successional bird community; and (2) document early-successional bird use of harvest residues in regenerating stands. We spot-mapped birds from 15 April– 15 July, 2012–2014, in six woody biomass removal treatments within regenerating stands in North Carolina (n = 4) and Georgia (n = 4), USA. Treatments included clearcut harvest followed by: (1) traditional woody biomass harvest with no specific retention target; (2) 15% retention with harvest residues dispersed; (3) 15% retention with harvest residues clustered; (4) 30% retention with harvest residues dispersed; (5) 30% retention with harvest residues clustered; and (6) no woody biomass harvest (i.e., reference site). We tested for treatment-level effects on breeding bird species diversity and richness, early-successional focal species territory density (combined and individual species), counts of breeding birds detected near, in, or on branches of harvest piles/windrows, counts of breeding bird behaviors, and vegetation composition and structure. Pooled across three breeding seasons, we delineated 536 and 654 territories and detected 2,489 and 4,204 birds in the North Carolina and Georgia treatments, respectively. Woody biomass harvest had limited or short-lived effects on the early-successional, breeding bird community. The successional trajectory of vegetation structure, rather than availability of harvest residues, primarily drove avian use of regenerating stands. However, many breeding bird species used downed wood in addition to vegetation, indicating that harvest residues initially may provide food and cover resources for early-successional birds in regenerating stands prior to vegetation regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Grodsky
- North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Box 7646, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Box 7646, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Sarah R. Fritts
- Texas Tech University, Department of Natural Resources Management, P.O. Box 42125, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, United States of America
| | - Steven B. Castleberry
- University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E. Green St., Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - T. Bently Wigley
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., P.O. Box 340317, Clemson, SC 29634, United States of America
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Stevenson ER, Colter Chitwood M, Lashley MA, Pollock KH, Swingen MB, Moorman CE, DePerno CS. Survival and Cause-Specific Mortality of Coyotes on a Large Military Installation. SOUTHEAST NAT 2016. [DOI: 10.1656/058.015.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bohling JH, Dellinger J, McVey JM, Cobb DT, Moorman CE, Waits LP. Describing a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in eastern North Carolina, USA. Evol Appl 2016; 9:791-804. [PMID: 27330555 PMCID: PMC4908465 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
When hybridizing species come into contact, understanding the processes that regulate their interactions can help predict the future outcome of the system. This is especially relevant in conservation situations where human activities can influence hybridization dynamics. We investigated a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in North Carolina, USA to elucidate patterns of hybridization in a system heavily managed for preservation of the red wolf genome. Using noninvasive genetic sampling of scat, we surveyed a 2880 km2 region adjacent to the Red Wolf Experimental Population Area (RWEPA). We combined microsatellite genotypes collected from this survey with those from companion studies conducted both within and outside the RWEPA to describe the gradient of red wolf ancestry. A total of 311 individuals were genotyped at 17 loci and red wolf ancestry decreased along an east–west gradient across the RWEPA. No red wolves were found outside the RWEPA, yet half of individuals found within this area were coyotes. Hybrids composed only 4% of individuals within this landscape despite co‐occurrence of the two species throughout the RWEPA. The low proportion of hybrids suggests that a combination of active management and natural isolating mechanisms may be limiting intermixing within this hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H Bohling
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
| | - Justin Dellinger
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Justin M McVey
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - David T Cobb
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Raleigh NC USA
| | - Christopher E Moorman
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Lisette P Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
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Prince A, Chitwood MC, Lashley MA, DePerno CS, Moorman CE. Resource selection by southeastern fox squirrels in a fire-maintained forest system. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fire is essential to maintain the open forest structure required by the southeastern fox squirrel ( Sciurus niger niger ). In recent decades, managers of the longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris ) ecosystem have transitioned from dormant-season to growing-season burns, which more effectively limit midstory hardwood encroachment. Similarly, aggressive hardwood removal programs have been employed to further reduce hardwood midstory. However, fox squirrels are dependent on oaks ( Quercus spp.) for food and cover; thus, it is unclear how growing-season burns and hardwood removal may affect habitat quality for fox squirrels. We used compositional analysis to investigate selection of home ranges within the study area by 48 radiocollared fox squirrels on the Fort Bragg Military Installation, North Carolina. We used resource utilization functions with growing-season fire history and other habitat covariates as explanatory variables to test whether growing-season fires influenced the selection of habitat components within home ranges. Lastly, using a sample of fox squirrel relocations and paired random points, we performed binomial logistic regression to test whether habitat selection by fox squirrels was influenced by the availability of oaks and longleaf pines and select forest stand structural characteristics. When establishing home ranges, fox squirrels selected southern yellow pine over other cover types. Within home ranges, fox squirrel use increased with decreasing distance to a riparian area but was not affected by the application of growing-season fires. At the population level, fox squirrels selected for greater densities of reproductively mature oak stems. Fox squirrels likely benefit from growing-season fires that maintain expansive upland pine stands but are negatively affected by homogeneous fire application and mechanical hardwood removal that reduce the occurrence of reproductively mature oaks across the landscape. Managers should strive to maintain oaks in riparian areas, fire shadows, and naturally occurring patches within pine stands when managing for fox squirrels.
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Lashley MA, Chitwood MC, Street GM, Moorman CE, DePerno CS. Do indirect bite count surveys accurately represent diet selection of white-tailed deer in a forested environment? Wildl Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/wr15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Diet selection is studied in herbivores using three predominant methods: (1) microhistological surveys (identification of plants cell walls remaining in gut contents or faecal excretions); (2) direct bite counts (of tame animals); and (3) indirect bite counts (identifying herbivory on damaged plant tissues). Microhistological surveys and direct bite counts are accurate and provide the potential advantage of linking diet selection to particular individuals. Also, they allow diet selection to be measured in systems with sympatric herbivores more easily than indirect bite counts. However, they require expertise in cell wall structure identification or access to tame animals, and generally require greater expense than indirect bite counts. Conversely, indirect bite counts have the advantages of relatively low cost and time commitment for gathering data and do not require animal observation, but may not be accurate.
Aims
We tested for similarity between diet-selection estimates calculated by indirect bite counts and microhistological surveys.
Methods
We performed concurrent indirect bite count and faecal microhistological surveys on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at Fort Bragg Military Installation, NC.
Key results
The indirect bite count survey assignment of selection was 48% similar to assignments derived from the microhistological survey, based on Jaccard’s similarity index. Out of 23 plant species determined to be selected by indirect bite counts, 15 of those species were selected according to microhistological surveys. According to the microhistological survey, eight of the selected plants made up 51% of the overall diet, and seven of those eight were selected according to the indirect bite counts.
Conclusions
Our data indicate that indirect bite counts may provide a relatively accurate index of the deer-selected plants most important in the white-tailed deer diet, but may be less appropriate to determine selection of plants that infrequently occur in their diet, plants that are typically consumed in entirety, or plants where herbivory damage is poorly identified.
Implications
Indirect bite counts are a relatively inexpensive and time-efficient tool that may be useful to determine plant species most important to white-tailed deer within a forested landscape, particularly if additional research can improve on associated inaccuracies.
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Rutledge ME, Moorman CE, Washburn BE, Deperno CS. Evaluation of resident Canada goose movements to reduce the risk of goose-aircraft collisions at suburban airports. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Elizabeth Rutledge
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Brian E. Washburn
- USDA, Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; 6100, Columbus Avenue; Sandusky Ohio 44870 USA
| | - Christopher S. Deperno
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
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Raybuck AL, Moorman CE, Fritts SR, Greenberg CH, Deperno CS, Simon DM, Warburton GS. Do silvicultural practices to restore oaks affect salamanders in the short term? Wildlife Biology 2015. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Grodsky
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Raymond B. Iglay
- Department of Wildlife; Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690; Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Clyde E. Sorenson
- Department of Entomology; North Carolina State University, 3310 Gardner Hall; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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Kilburg EL, Moorman CE, DePerno CS, Cobb D, Harper CA. Wild Turkey Prenesting-Resource Selection in a Landscape Managed with Frequent Prescribed Fire. SOUTHEAST NAT 2015. [DOI: 10.1656/058.014.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chitwood MC, Lashley MA, Kilgo JC, Pollock KH, Moorman CE, DePerno CS. Do biological and bedsite characteristics influence survival of neonatal white-tailed deer? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119070. [PMID: 25734333 PMCID: PMC4348543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coyotes recently expanded into the eastern U.S. and potentially have caused localized white-tailed deer population declines. Research has focused on quantifying coyote predation on neonates, but little research has addressed the potential influence of bedsite characteristics on survival. In 2011 and 2012, we radiocollared 65 neonates, monitored them intensively for 16 weeks, and assigned mortality causes. We used Program MARK to estimate survival to 16 weeks and included biological covariates (i.e., sex, sibling status [whether or not it had a sibling], birth weight, and Julian date of birth). Survival to 16 weeks was 0.141 (95% CI = 0.075-0.249) and the top model included only sibling status, which indicated survival was lower for neonates that had a sibling. Predation was the leading cause of mortality (35 of 55; 64%) and coyotes were responsible for the majority of depredations (30 of 35; 86%). Additionally, we relocated neonates for the first 10 days of life and measured distance to firebreak, visual obstruction, and plant diversity at bedsites. Survival of predation to 10 days (0.726; 95% CI = 0.586-0.833) was weakly associated with plant diversity at bedsites but not related to visual obstruction. Our results indicate that neonate survival was low and coyote predation was an important source of mortality, which corroborates several recent studies from the region. Additionally, we detected only weak support for bedsite cover as a covariate to neonate survival, which indicates that mitigating effects of coyote predation on neonates may be more complicated than simply managing for increased hiding cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Colter Chitwood
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Pollock
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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Chitwood MC, Lashley MA, Kilgo JC, Moorman CE, Deperno CS. White-tailed deer population dynamics and adult female survival in the presence of a novel predator. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Chitwood
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; P.O. Box 700; New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher S. Deperno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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Klimstra RL, Moorman CE, Converse SJ, Royle JA, Harper CA. Small mammal use of native warm-season and non-native cool-season grass forage fields. WILDLIFE SOC B 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Klimstra
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695-7646 USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695-7646 USA
| | - Sarah J. Converse
- United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road; Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - J. Andrew Royle
- United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road; Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Craig A. Harper
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996-4663 USA
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Chitwood MC, Lashley MA, Moorman CE, DePerno CS. Confirmation of Coyote Predation on Adult Female White-Tailed Deer in the Southeastern United States. SOUTHEAST NAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1656/058.013.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kilburg EL, Moorman CE, Deperno CS, Cobb D, Harper CA. Wild turkey nest survival and nest-site selection in the presence of growing-season prescribed fire. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Kilburg
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695
| | - Christopher S. Deperno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695
| | - David Cobb
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Raleigh NC 27606
| | - Craig A. Harper
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 37996
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