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Grandini NA, Costa MR, Gregolin CS, Siqueira JS, Vieira TA, Togneri Ferron AJ, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Romualdo GR, Lúcia Dos Anjos Ferreira A, Aldini G, Corrêa CR, Moreto F. Effects of carnosine supplementation on markers for the pathophysiological development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a diet-induced model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 582:112138. [PMID: 38147954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of diets high in sugar and fat is related to the development of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action and has been studied for treating diseases. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of CAR on diet-induced MASLD in rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed into 2 groups (17 weeks): normocaloric (Co, n = 12), and hypercaloric diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates (MASLD, n = 12). After, the animals were redistributed to begin the treatment with CAR (4 weeks): Co (n = 6), Co + CAR (n = 6), MASLD (n = 6), and MASLD + CAR (n = 6), administered intraperitoneally (250 mg/kg). Evaluations included nutritional, hormonal and metabolic parameters; hepatic steatosis, inflammatory and oxidative markers. MASLD group had a higher adiposity index, systolic blood pressure, glucose, plasma and liver triglycerides and cholesterol, insulin, hepatic steatosis, oxidative markers, and lower PPAR-α (Peroxisome Proliferator-activated receptor α), compared to the Co. CAR attenuated plasma and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels, hepatic steatosis, CD68+ macrophages, and hepatic oxidative markers, in addition to increasing HDL cholesterol levels and PPAR-α, compared to the untreated MASLD group. CAR acts in importants pathophysiological processes of MASLD and may be a therapeutic compound to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fernando Moreto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, 18618687, Botucatu, Brazil
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2
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Hariharan R, Cameron J, Menon K, Mesinovic J, Jansons P, Scott D, Lu ZX, de Courten M, Feehan J, de Courten B. Carnosine supplementation improves glucose control in adults with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:485-496. [PMID: 38172006 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-glycating effects, with preliminary evidence suggesting it may improve important chronic disease risk factors in adults with cardiometabolic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS In this randomised controlled trial, 43 adults (30%F) living with prediabetes or T2DM consumed carnosine (2 g) or a matching placebo daily for 14 weeks to evaluate its effect on glucose metabolism assessed via a 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Secondary outcomes included body composition analysis by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), calf muscle density by pQCT, and anthropometry. Carnosine supplementation decreased blood glucose at 90 min (-1.31 mmol/L; p = 0.02) and 120 min (-1.60 mmol/L, p = 0.02) and total glucose area under the curve (-3.30 mmol/L; p = 0.04) following an oral glucose tolerance test. There were no additional changes in secondary outcomes. The carnosine group results remained significant before and after adjustment for age, sex, and change in weight (all>0.05), and in further sensitivity analyses accounting for missing data. There were no significant changes in insulin levels. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary support for larger trials evaluating carnosine as a potential treatment for prediabetes and the initial stages of T2DM. Likely mechanisms may include changes to hepatic glucose output explaining the observed reduction in blood glucose without changes in insulin secretion following carnosine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Hariharan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - James Cameron
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia; Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash Heart, Monash Health, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Kirthi Menon
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Jakub Mesinovic
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Jansons
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong VIC, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong VIC, Australia
| | - Zhong X Lu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia; Monash Health Pathology, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Maximilian de Courten
- Mitchell Institute for Health and Education Policy, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Jack Feehan
- Mitchell Institute for Health and Education Policy, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT, Bundoora, Australia.
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3
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Zhang Z, Li G, Wei Y, Feng Z, Fang L, Li M, Ren J, Liu W, Gan J. In vitro immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of oligopeptides and four characteristic peptides in black-bone silky fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson). J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14469. [PMID: 36206545 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Black-bone silky fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson) is considered to have strengthening effect on the body and immunomodulatory effects. The black-bone silky fowl peptide (BSFP) was produced by enzymatic digestion of the whole black-bone silky fowl (including the head and claws) after removal of the viscera. Afterwards, the four of the characteristic peptides Glu-Phe (EF), Glu-Glu-Leu (EEL), Glu-His-Pro-Thr (EHPT), Ala-Gly-Gly-His (AGGF) of the BSFP were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. The preventive effects of BSFP and the four characteristic peptides on antioxidant and immunomodulation were investigated. The antioxidant capacity was assessed by in vitro HepG2 intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The immunomodulatory experiments were conducted by measuring the effects of the BSFP and four peptides on the proliferation of splenocytes, T and B lymphocytes cells, the CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocytes ratio, and the phagocytic capacity of macrophages and the nitric oxide (NO) content of macrophages. The four peptides of BSFP showed strong antioxidant capacity, with the most potent peptide for intracellular ROS being AGGF, with 56% inhibition. AGGF, EF, and BSFP showed highly positive effects on splenocyte proliferation and when Concanavalin A (ConA) was used as a stimulus for T lymphocytes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a stimulus for B lymphocytes, the peptides stimulated cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Of these, EF, AGGF, and BSFP promoted the proliferation of T lymphocytes; EF, EHPT, and BSFP significantly promoted the proliferation of B lymphocytes. EHPT and BSFP increased the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio of T cells. Needle aspiration of neutral red was significantly promoted by macrophages treated with peptides other than EF. In addition, EEL, EHPT, AGGF, and BSFP had a promotive effect on NO production in phagocytes. The results indicate that BSFP is a peptide product with good immunomodulatory functions, four peptides identified from BSFP show outstanding effects in terms of antioxidant properties and immunomodulation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, the amino acid composition and relative molecular masses of the black-bone silky fowl peptide were analyzed, while the four peptides with significant effects on antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in black-bone silky fowl peptide were identified by HPLC-MS/MS technique. Positive effects of black-bone silky fowl peptide and its four peptides on antioxidant capacity and immunomodulatory ability as revealed by cell experiments. The results of this experiment provide a preliminary theoretical basis for the development of new functional foods using black-bone silky fowl peptide and their characteristic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Guoming Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gan
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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Solana-Manrique C, Sanz FJ, Martínez-Carrión G, Paricio N. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Carnosine: Therapeutic Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050848. [PMID: 35624713 PMCID: PMC9137727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) constitute a global challenge to human health and an important social and economic burden worldwide, mainly due to their growing prevalence in an aging population and to their associated disabilities. Despite their differences at the clinical level, NDs share fundamental pathological mechanisms such as abnormal protein deposition, intracellular Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox homeostasis imbalance and neuroinflammation. Although important progress is being made in deciphering the mechanisms underlying NDs, the availability of effective therapies is still scarce. Carnosine is a natural endogenous molecule that has been extensively studied during the last years due to its promising beneficial effects for human health. It presents multimodal mechanisms of action, being able to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregate activities, among others. Interestingly, most NDs exhibit oxidative and nitrosative stress, protein aggregation and inflammation as molecular hallmarks. In this review, we discuss the neuroprotective functions of carnosine and its implications as a therapeutic strategy in different NDs. We summarize the existing works that study alterations in carnosine metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, the two most common NDs. In addition, we review the beneficial effect that carnosine supplementation presents in models of such diseases as well as in aging-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Solana-Manrique
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (F.J.S.); (G.M.-C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sanz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (F.J.S.); (G.M.-C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermo Martínez-Carrión
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (F.J.S.); (G.M.-C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Nuria Paricio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (F.J.S.); (G.M.-C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-354-3005; Fax: +34-96-354-3029
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Szkudelski T, Cieślewicz A, Szkudelska K. Methylglyoxal impairs β-adrenergic signalling in primary rat adipocytes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:394-401. [PMID: 31711314 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1684953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is dicarbonyl aldehyde generated intracellularly from glucose and from some other compounds. Its increased formation is associated with several harmful consequences. In the present study, short-term effects of MG on metabolism of isolated rat adipocytes were determined. Insulin-induced lipogenesis was unchanged by MG. However, epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis was shown to be significantly reduced in adipocytes exposed to 200 µM MG. This inhibitory effect was similar in the presence of low and high concentrations of glucose, and also in the presence of alanine. However, MG failed to affect lipolysis induced by forskolin (activator of adenylate cyclase), dibutyryl-cAMP (activator of PKA) and DPCPX (adenosine A1 receptor antagonist). It was also revealed that lipolysis was unchanged by MG in fat cells pre-incubated with this compound, and then stimulated with epinephrine alone. Our results suggest that MG may impair β-adrenergic signalling in rat adipocytes due to interaction with epinephrine, and thereby disturbs lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cieślewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szkudelska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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6
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Wu Y, Green CL, Wang G, Yang D, Li L, Li B, Wang L, Li M, Li J, Xu Y, Zhang X, Niu C, Hu S, Togo J, Mazidi M, Derous D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. Effects of dietary macronutrients on the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolome in mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13585. [PMID: 35266264 PMCID: PMC9009132 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary macronutrient composition influences both hepatic function and aging. Previous work suggested that longevity and hepatic gene expression levels were highly responsive to dietary protein, but almost unaffected by other macronutrients. In contrast, we found expression of 4005, 4232, and 4292 genes in the livers of mice were significantly associated with changes in dietary protein (5%–30%), fat (20%–60%), and carbohydrate (10%–75%), respectively. More genes in aging‐related pathways (notably mTOR, IGF‐1, and NF‐kappaB) had significant correlations with dietary fat intake than protein and carbohydrate intake, and the pattern of gene expression changes in relation to dietary fat intake was in the opposite direction to the effect of graded levels of caloric restriction consistent with dietary fat having a negative impact on aging. We found 732, 808, and 995 serum metabolites were significantly correlated with dietary protein (5%–30%), fat (8.3%–80%), and carbohydrate (10%–80%) contents, respectively. Metabolomics pathway analysis revealed sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling was the significantly affected pathway by dietary fat content which has also been identified as significant changed metabolic pathway in the previous caloric restriction study. Our results suggest dietary fat has major impact on aging‐related gene and metabolic pathways compared with other macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Cara L. Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Dengbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Li
- University of Dali Dali Yunnan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
| | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - John R. Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Kunming People’s Republic of China
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7
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An attempt to valorize the only black meat chicken breed of India by delineating superior functional attributes of its meat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3555. [PMID: 35241766 PMCID: PMC8894494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kadaknath, the only black chicken indigenous to India, faces the threat of extinction due to declining numbers. Its meat is used in tribal medicine for invigorating and health-promoting properties. Expectations of immune-boosting and therapeutic properties in its meat are creating a buzz these days. Thus, Kadaknath meat was explored and further compared with the commercial Cobb 400 broiler (Cobb) for the functional traits that might be contributing towards proclaimed pharmacological benefits. Birds (n = 20/ group) were raised under similar management conditions and the two primal chicken meat cuts (breast and thigh) were collected at the marketing age. Kadaknath meat was found to be an enriched source of functional biomolecules (carnosine, anserine, creatine). Its breast meat carnosine content was more than double of the Cobb broiler, 6.10 ± 0.13 and 2.73 ± 0.1 mg/ g of wet tissue, respectively. Similarly, the thigh meat of Kadaknath was a significantly (P < 0.05) richer source of carnosine. The genetic background was a key determinant for muscle carnosine content as a significant abundance of CARNS1 and SLC36A1 expression was identified in the Kadaknath breast. The superior functional property of Kadaknath meat was established by the antioxidant capacity established by the Oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay and a stronger ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The identification of fairly unknown nutritional and functional advantages of Kadaknath meat could potentially change the paradigm with its meat consumption. It will help in developing a brand name for Kadaknath products that will propel an increase in its market share and ultimately conservation of this unique but endangered poultry germplasm.
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8
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Li G, Zhao CY, Wu Q, Guan SY, Jin HW, Na XL, Zhang YB. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and glucose metabolism disorder through oxidative stress in rat liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112988. [PMID: 34808505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a ubiquitous pollutant that results in hepatotoxicity. However, an understanding of the systematic mechanism of hepatic injury caused by DEHP remains limited. Here, we performed a comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses to describe hepatic responses of rats to long-term DEHP exposure and, together with pathology and functional injury of liver, systematically analyzed the pathogenesis and mechanisms of liver damage. SD rats were exposed to 0 and 600 mg/kg/day DEHP for 12 weeks. Thereafter, biochemical indicators and histopathological changes regarding liver function were detected. Metabolomics and transcriptomics profiles of rat liver samples were analyzed using a UPLC-MS/MS system and Illumina Hiseq 4000, respectively. DEHP induced hepatocyte structural alterations and edema, depressed monooxygenase activity, decreased antioxidant activities, aggravated oxidative damage, blocked the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain, and disturbed glucose homeostasis in the liver. These findings indicate that reactive oxygen species play a major role in these events. Overall, this study systematically depicts the comprehensive mechanisms of long-term DEHP exposure to liver injury and highlights the power of metabolomics and transcriptomics platforms in the mechanistic understanding of xenobiotic hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Si-Yuan Guan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Jin
- Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518106, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Na
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yun-Bo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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9
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Zhang X, Rodriguez-Niño A, Pastene DO, Pallavi P, van den Born J, Bakker SJL, Krämer BK, Yard BA. Methylglyoxal induces p53 activation and inhibits mTORC1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8004. [PMID: 33850227 PMCID: PMC8044125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is regarded as a pivotal mediator of vascular damage in patients with diabetes. We have previously reported that MGO induces transcriptional changes compatible with p53 activation in cultured human endothelial cells. To further substantiate this finding and to explore the underlying mechanisms and possible consequences of p53 activation, we aimed (1) to provide direct evidence for p53 activation in MGO-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), (2) to assess putative mechanisms by which this occurs, (3) to analyze down-stream effects on mTOR and autophagy pathways, and (4) to assess the potential benefit of carnosine herein. Exposure of HUVECs to 800 µM of MGO for 5 h induced p53 phosphorylation. This was paralleled by an increase in TUNEL and γ-H2AX positive cells, indicative for DNA damage. Compatible with p53 activation, MGO treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest, inhibition of mTORC1 and induction of autophagy. Carnosine co-treatment did not counteract MGO-driven effects. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MGO elicits DNA damage and p53 activation in HUVECs, resulting in modulation of downstream pathways, e.g. mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Angelica Rodriguez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diego O Pastene
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Prama Pallavi
- Surgical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A Yard
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Fifth Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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10
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Khan MW, Otaibi AA, Al-Zahrani SA, Alshammari EM, Haque A, Alouffi S, Khan WA, Khan SN. Experimental and theoretical insight into resistance to glycation of bovine serum albumin. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Zhong J, Li RW, Wang J, Wang Y, Ge HF, Xian JS, Feng H, Tan L. Neuroprotection by cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin beyond the time window of thrombolysis in ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:312-318. [PMID: 32859790 PMCID: PMC7896241 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin (CEGI) injection is known as a multi-target neuroprotective drug that contains numerous liposoluble molecules, such as polypeptides, monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GM-1), free amino acids, hypoxanthine and carnosine. CEGI has been approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration and widely used in the treatments of various diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the neuroprotective effects of CEGI beyond the time window of thrombolysis (within 4.5 hours) on acute ischemic stroke remain unclear. This study constructed a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model by suture-occluded method to simulate ischemic stroke. The first daily dose was intraperitoneally injected at 8 hours post-surgery and the CEGI treatments continued for 14 days. Results of the modified five-point Bederson scale, beam balance test and rotameric test showed the neurological function of ischemic stroke rats treated with 4 mL/kg/d CEGI improved significantly, but the mortality within 14 days did not change significantly. Brain MRI and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining confirmed that the infarct size in the 4 mL/kg/d CEGI-treated rats was significantly reduced compared with ischemic insult only. The results of transmission electron microscopy and double immunofluorescence staining showed that the hippocampal neuronal necrosis in the ischemic penumbra decreased whereas the immunopositivity of new neuronal-specific protein doublecortin and the percentage of Ki67/doublecortin positive cells increased in CEGI-treated rats compared with untreated rats. Our results suggest that CEGI has an effective neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke when administered after the time window of thrombolysis. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of The Third Military Medical University, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rong-Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing; Department of Neurosurgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Fei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Shu Xian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University); State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Calabrese V, Scuto M, Salinaro AT, Dionisio G, Modafferi S, Ontario ML, Greco V, Sciuto S, Schmitt CP, Calabrese EJ, Peters V. Hydrogen Sulfide and Carnosine: Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Kidney and Brain Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121303. [PMID: 33353117 PMCID: PMC7767317 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the dysregulation of cellular redox homeostasis and chronic inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney and brain disorders. In this light, endogenous dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exert cytoprotective actions through the modulation of redox-dependent resilience pathways during oxidative stress and inflammation. Several recent studies have elucidated a functional crosstalk occurring between kidney and the brain. The pathophysiological link of this crosstalk is represented by oxidative stress and inflammatory processes which contribute to the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and dementia during the natural history of chronic kidney disease. Herein, we provide an overview of the main pathophysiological mechanisms related to high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neurotoxins, which play a critical role in the kidney–brain crosstalk. The present paper also explores the respective role of H2S and carnosine in the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney–brain axis. It suggests that these activities are likely mediated, at least in part, via hormetic processes, involving Nrf2 (Nuclear factor-like 2), Hsp 70 (heat shock protein 70), SIRT-1 (Sirtuin-1), Trx (Thioredoxin), and the glutathione system. Metabolic interactions at the kidney and brain axis level operate in controlling and reducing oxidant-induced inflammatory damage and therefore, can be a promising potential therapeutic target to reduce the severity of renal and brain injuries in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Dionisio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Center Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark;
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.P.S.); (V.P.)
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.P.S.); (V.P.)
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13
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Aldini G, de Courten B, Regazzoni L, Gilardoni E, Ferrario G, Baron G, Altomare A, D’Amato A, Vistoli G, Carini M. Understanding the antioxidant and carbonyl sequestering activity of carnosine: direct and indirect mechanisms. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:321-330. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1856830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Gilardoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrario
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alfonsina D’Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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14
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Peters V, Yard B, Schmitt CP. Carnosine and Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1801-1812. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190326111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a major complication in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
and represents the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Novel therapeutic approaches are
warranted. In view of a polymorphism in the carnosinase 1 gene CNDP1, resulting in reduced
carnosine degradation activity and a significant DN risk reduction, carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine)
has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target. Carnosine has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anti-glycation and reactive carbonyl quenching properties. In diabetic rodents, carnosine supplementation
consistently improved renal histology and function and in most studies, also glucose metabolism.
Even though plasma half-life of carnosine in humans is short, first intervention studies in (pre-)
diabetic patients yielded promising results. The precise molecular mechanisms of carnosine mediated
protective action, however, are still incompletely understood. This review highlights the recent
knowledge on the role of the carnosine metabolism in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Adami LNG, de Lima BT, Andretta RR, Bertolla RP, Nichi M. Carnosine treatment during human semen processing by discontinuous density gradient. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13497. [PMID: 31793048 DOI: 10.1111/and.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of carnosine added during human semen processing. Semen samples from 34 patients were submitted to processing by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation without (control) or with different concentrations of carnosine supplementation as follows: (a) 20 mM of carnosine supplementation on the layers of Percoll; and (b) 50 mM carnosine supplementation. Sperm samples were then washed with human tubal fluid medium and evaluated according to sperm kinetics and functional assessment. For statistical analysis, data were evaluated by a general linear model or a Friedman test, whenever appropriate. The 50 mM carnosine supplementation led to improved sperm mitochondrial activity when compared to untreated samples. Motility variables, such as percentage of motile and progressively motile spermatozoa, average path velocity, straight line velocity, curvilinear velocity and linearity, showed an improvement after semen processing irrespective of carnosine supplementation. Both concentrations of carnosine increased the beat-cross frequency (BCF) when compared to samples before processing. We conclude that carnosine supplementation in semen samples benefits sperm mitochondrial activity and BCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Nayara Gallego Adami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Tuani de Lima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhayza Roberta Andretta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Nichi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Do MH, Choi J, Kim Y, Park HY, Park Y, Ha SK, Hur J. Schizonepeta tenuifolia reduces methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in mesangial cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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17
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Chester JE, Rowneki M, Van Doren W, Helmer DA. Progression of intervention-focused research for Gulf War illness. Mil Med Res 2019; 6:31. [PMID: 31627737 PMCID: PMC6798371 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-019-0221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Persian Gulf War of 1990 to 1991 involved the deployment of nearly 700,000 American troops to the Middle East. Deployment-related exposures to toxic substances such as pesticides, nerve agents, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), smoke from burning oil wells, and petrochemicals may have contributed to medical illness in as many as 250,000 of those American troops. The cluster of chronic symptoms, now referred to as Gulf War Illness (GWI), has been studied by many researchers over the past two decades. Although over $500 million has been spent on GWI research, to date, no cures or condition-specific treatments have been discovered, and the exact pathophysiology remains elusive.Using the 2007 National Institute of Health (NIH) Roadmap for Medical Research model as a reference framework, we reviewed studies of interventions involving GWI patients to assess the progress of treatment-related GWI research. All GWI clinical trial studies reviewed involved investigations of existing interventions that have shown efficacy in other diseases with analogous symptoms. After reviewing the published and ongoing registered clinical trials for cognitive-behavioral therapy, exercise therapy, acupuncture, coenzyme Q10, mifepristone, and carnosine in GWI patients, we identified only four treatments (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exercise therapy, CoQ10, and mifepristone) that have progressed beyond a phase II trial.We conclude that progress in the scientific study of therapies for GWI has not followed the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research model. Establishment of a standard case definition, prioritized GWI research funding for the characterization of the pathophysiology of the condition, and rapid replication and adaptation of early phase, single site clinical trials could substantially advance research progress and treatment discovery for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy E Chester
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA. .,War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St., Washington, DC, NW, 20422, USA.
| | - Mazhgan Rowneki
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
| | - William Van Doren
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
| | - Drew A Helmer
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA.,Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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18
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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Ouyang X, Jiang Z, Xie Z, Fan L, Zhu D, Li L. Advanced oxidation protein products play critical roles in liver diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13098. [PMID: 30838641 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a complex oxidant and antioxidant system that maintains the redox homoeostasis in the liver. While suffering from exogenous or endogenous risk factors, the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed and excessive reactive oxygen species are generated, resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is prevalent in various liver diseases and is thought to be involved in their pathophysiology. Advanced oxidation protein products are generated under conditions of oxidative damage and are newly described protein markers of oxidative stress. Previous studies have underscored the universal pathogenic roles of oxidation protein products in various diseases. However, investigations into how these products participate in the development of liver diseases have been superficial and insufficient. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the roles of advanced oxidation protein products in liver disease pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we summarize the current studies on advanced oxidation protein products in infectious and noninfectious, acute and chronic liver diseases. Different strategies for targeting these advanced oxidation protein products and future perspectives, which may pave the way for developing new therapeutic strategies, will also be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linxiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Eftekhari A, Heidari R, Ahmadian E, Eghbal MA. Cytoprotective Properties of Carnosine against Isoniazid-Induced Toxicity in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug-induced liver injury is a critical clinical complication. Hence, finding new and safe protective agents with potential clinical application is of value. Isoniazid (INH) is an antituberculosis agent widely used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human. On the other hand, hepatotoxicity is a clinical complication associated with isoniazid therapy. Oxidative stress and its associated events are major mechanisms identified for INH-induced liver injury. Carnosine is an endogenously found peptide widely investigated for its hepatoprotective effects. On the other hand, robust antioxidant and cytoprotective effects have been attributed to this peptide. Methods: The current study designed to evaluate the potential cytoprotective properties of carnosine against INH-induced cytotoxicity in drug-exposed primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were incubated with INH (1.2 mM). Results: INH treatment caused significant increase in cell death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. On the other hand, it was found that markers of oxidative stress including reactive oxygen species were significantly increased in INH-treated cells. Cellular glutathione reservoirs were also depleted in INH-treated group. Carnosine treatment (50 and 100 µM) significantly diminished INH-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Conclusion: These data mention carnosine as a potential protective agent with therapeutic capability against INH hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Eftekhari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Bermúdez ML, Skelton MR, Genter MB. Intranasal carnosine attenuates transcriptomic alterations and improves mitochondrial function in the Thy1-aSyn mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:305-313. [PMID: 30146452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was designed to determine whether the dipeptide carnosine, which has been shown to protect against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, would provide a beneficial effect on mitochondrial function in the Thy1-aSyn mouse model of PD. Thy1-aSyn mice, which overexpress wild-type human alpha-synuclein (aSyn), exhibit progressive non-motor and motor deficits as early as 2 months of age. Two-month old Thy1-aSyn mice and wild-type littermates were randomly assigned to treatment groups with intranasal (IN) and drinking water carnosine, with controls receiving 10 μl of sterile waster intranasally or carnosine-free drinking water, respectively. After two months of treatment, mice were euthanized, and the midbrain was dissected for the evaluation of the gene expression and mitochondrial function. Transcriptional deficiencies associated with the aSyn overexpression in Thy1-aSyn mice were related to ribosomal and mitochondrial function. These deficiencies were attenuated by IN carnosine administration, which increased the expression of mitochondrial genes and enhanced mitochondrial function. These results suggest a potential neuroprotective role for IN-carnosine in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Bermúdez
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, ML 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, United States of America.
| | - Matthew R Skelton
- Department of Pediatrics, UC COM, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7044, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America
| | - Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, ML 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, United States of America.
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21
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The effect of resveratrol on glycation and oxidation products in plasma and liver of chronic methylglyoxal-treated rats. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:584-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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Carnosine and advanced glycation end products: a systematic review. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1177-1186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Methylglyoxal produces more changes in biochemical and biophysical properties of human IgG under high glucose compared to normal glucose level. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191014. [PMID: 29351321 PMCID: PMC5774746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia triggers increased production of methylglyoxal which can cause gross modification in proteins’ structure vis-a-vis function though advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The AGEs may initiate vascular and nonvascular pathologies. In this study, we have examined the biochemical and biophysical changes in human IgG under normal and high glucose after introducing methylglyoxal into the assay mixture. This non-enzymatic reaction mainly engaged lysine residues as indicated by TNBS results. The UV results showed hyperchromicity in modified-IgG samples while fluorescence data supported AGEs formation during the course of reaction. Shift in amide I and amide II band position indicated perturbations in secondary structure. Increase carbonyl content and decrease in sulfhydryl suggests that the modification is accompanied by oxidative stress. All modified-IgG samples showed more thermostability than native IgG; the highest Tm was shown by IgG-high glucose-MGO variant. Results of ANS, Congo red and Thioflavin T dyes clearly suggest increase in hydrophobic patches and aggregation, respectively. SEM and TEM images support aggregates generation in modified-IgG samples.
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24
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Li Y, Jiang H, Huang G. Protein Hydrolysates as Promoters of Non-Haem Iron Absorption. Nutrients 2017; 9:E609. [PMID: 28617327 PMCID: PMC5490588 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for human growth and health. Organic iron is an excellent iron supplement due to its bioavailability. Both amino acids and peptides improve iron bioavailability and absorption and are therefore valuable components of iron supplements. This review focuses on protein hydrolysates as potential promoters of iron absorption. The ability of protein hydrolysates to chelate iron is thought to be a key attribute for the promotion of iron absorption. Iron-chelatable protein hydrolysates are categorized by their absorption forms: amino acids, di- and tri-peptides and polypeptides. Their structural characteristics, including their size and amino acid sequence, as well as the presence of special amino acids, influence their iron chelation abilities and bioavailabilities. Protein hydrolysates promote iron absorption by keeping iron soluble, reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron, and promoting transport across cell membranes into the gut. We also discuss the use and relative merits of protein hydrolysates as iron supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Han Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Guangrong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Key Lab of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrument for Marine Food, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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