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Jin W, Liu H, Nie P, Li Z, Cheng X, Jiao K, Zhao G, Zheng G. Design and preparation of an artificial vascular scaffold with internal surface modification. Artif Organs 2024; 48:456-471. [PMID: 38230806 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in regeneration methods have brought us improved vascular scaffolds with small diameters (φ < 6 mm) for enhancing biological suitability that solve their propensity for causing intimal hyperplasia post-transplantation. METHODS The correlation between the rehydration ratio of the hydrogel and its material concentration is obtained by adjusting the material ratio of the hydrogel solution. The vascular model with helical structure has been established and analyzed to verify the effect of helical microvascular structure on thrombosis formation by the fluid simulation methods. Then, the helical structure vascular has been fabricated by self-developed 3D bioprinter, the vascular scaffolds are freeze-dried and rehydrated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. RESULTS The experimental results showed that the hybrid hydrogel had a qualified rehydration ratio when the content of gelatin, sodium alginate, and glycerol was 5, 6, and 3 wt%. The established flow channel model can effectively reduce thrombus deposition and improve long-term patency ratio. After PEG solution modification, the contact angle of the inner wall of the vascular scaffold was less than 30°, showing better hydrophilic characteristics. CONCLUSION In study, a small-diameter inner wall vascular scaffold with better long-term patency was successfully designed and prepared by wrinkling and PEG modification of the inner wall of the vascular scaffold. This study not only creates small-diameter vascular scaffolds with helical structure that improves the surface hydrophilicity to reduce the risk of thrombosis but also rekindles confidence in the regeneration of small caliber vascular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing and Non-Traditional Machining, Zibo, China
| | - Huanbao Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing and Non-Traditional Machining, Zibo, China
| | - Ping Nie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing and Non-Traditional Machining, Zibo, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing and Non-Traditional Machining, Zibo, China
| | - Kunpeng Jiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing and Non-Traditional Machining, Zibo, China
| | - Guangxi Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing and Non-Traditional Machining, Zibo, China
| | - Guangming Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing and Non-Traditional Machining, Zibo, China
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Almasi-Jaf A, Shamloo A, Shaygani H, Seifi S. Fabrication of heparinized bi-layered vascular graft with PCL/PU/gelatin co-electrospun and chitosan/silk fibroin/gelatin freeze-dried hydrogel for improved endothelialization and enhanced mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126807. [PMID: 37689302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating a biocompatible small-diameter vascular graft (< 6 mm) with mechanical properties similar to the natural vein and adding good anti-thrombogenic, endothelialization, and hyperplasia properties remains a challenge. To this end, we fabricated a heparinized bilayer graft to address this problem. The proposed bilayer sample consisted of a heparinized polycaprolactone (PCL), polyurethane (PU), and gelatin (G) co-electrospun inner layer and chitosan, gelatin, and silk fibroin freeze-dried hydrogel crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) outer layer. The samples exhibited great ultimate stress, Young's module, and suture retention of 4.16±0.25MPa, 8.24±2.59MPa and 4.83±0.31N, respectively. The heparin release assay indicated a sustained release profile of around 70% after 4weeks, which can be attributed to the excellent control via emulsion. Furthermore, the heparinized samples demonstrated good anti-thrombogenic properties investigated in the platelet adhesion assay. For the outer layer, the hydrogel crosslinked with non-toxic materials was prepared through the freeze-drying method to achieve high porosity (64.63%), suitable for smooth muscle cell activity. Moreover, inner and outer layers showed high cell viability toward endothelial (78.96%) and smooth muscle cells (57.77%), respectively. Overall, the proposed heparinized graft exhibited excellent potential for vascular graft regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Almasi-Jaf
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.
| | - Hossein Shaygani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Saeed Seifi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
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3
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Liu C, Dai J, Wang X, Hu X. The Influence of Textile Structure Characteristics on the Performance of Artificial Blood Vessels. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3003. [PMID: 37514393 PMCID: PMC10385882 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major threat to human health worldwide, and vascular transplantation surgery is a treatment method for this disease. Often, autologous blood vessels cannot meet the needs of surgery. However, allogeneic blood vessels have limited availability or may cause rejection reactions. Therefore, the development of biocompatible artificial blood vessels is needed to solve the problem of donor shortage. Tubular fabrics prepared by textile structures have flexible compliance, which cannot be matched by other structural blood vessels. Therefore, biomedical artificial blood vessels have been widely studied in recent decades up to the present. This article focuses on reviewing four textile methods used, at present, in the manufacture of artificial blood vessels: knitting, weaving, braiding, and electrospinning. The article mainly introduces the particular effects of different structural characteristics possessed by various textile methods on the production of artificial blood vessels, such as compliance, mechanical properties, and pore size. It was concluded that woven blood vessels possess superior mechanical properties and dimensional stability, while the knitted fabrication method facilitates excellent compliance, elasticity, and porosity of blood vessels. Additionally, the study prominently showcases the ease of rebound and compression of braided tubes, as well as the significant biological benefits of electrospinning. Moreover, moderate porosity and good mechanical strength can be achieved by changing the original structural parameters; increasing the floating warp, enlarging the braiding angle, and reducing the fiber fineness and diameter can achieve greater compliance. Furthermore, physical, chemical, or biological methods can be used to further improve the biocompatibility, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and endothelialization of blood vessels, thereby improving their functionality. The aim is to provide some guidance for the further development of artificial blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jieyu Dai
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xingyou Hu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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Optimization of Oligomer Chitosan/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Coating for Enhancing Antibacterial, Hemostatic Effects and Biocompatibility of Nanofibrous Wound Dressing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173541. [PMID: 36080616 PMCID: PMC9460443 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A synergistic multilayer membrane design is necessary to satisfy a multitude of requirements of an ideal wound dressing. In this study, trilayer dressings with asymmetric wettability, composed of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) base membranes coated with oligomer chitosan (COS) in various concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), are fabricated for wound dressing application. The membranes are expected to synergize the hygroscopic, antibacterial, hemostatic, and biocompatible properties of PCL and COS. The wound dressing was coated by spraying the solution of 3% COS and 6% PVP on the PCL base membrane (PVP6–3) three times, which shows good interaction with biological subjects, including bacterial strains and blood components. PVP6–3 samples confirm the diameter of inhibition zones of 20.0 ± 2.5 and 17.9 ± 2.5 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The membrane induces hemostasis with a blood clotting index of 74% after 5 min of contact. In the mice model, wounds treated with PVP6–3 closed 95% of the area after 10 days. Histological study determines the progression of skin regeneration with the construction of granulation tissue, new vascular systems, and hair follicles. Furthermore, the newly-growth skin shares structural resemblances to that of native tissue. This study suggests a simple approach to a multi-purpose wound dressing for clinical treatment.
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Assessment of the effect of polymeric nanoparticles on storage and stability of blood products (red blood cells, plasma, and platelet). Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dong R, Tian S, Bai J, Yu K, Liu C, Liu L, Tian D. Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Amnion Nanofibrous Membrane Promotes Nerve Repair after Neurolysis. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1390-1399. [PMID: 34995155 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve adhesion after neurolysis leads to nerve dysfunction, limiting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. We previously developed an electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)-amnion nanofibrous membrane for preventing adhesion formation. In this study, we investigated the effect of protective nerve wrapping and promoting nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve compression model. A total of 96 SD rats after sciatic nerve chronic compression were randomly divided into three groups: the PCL-amniotic group, in which nerves were wrapped with a PCL-amniotic membrane for treatment; the chitosan group, in which nerves were wrapped with a clinically used chitosan hydrogel; the control group, which involved neurolysis alone without treatment. Twelve weeks postoperatively, the nerve regeneration was evaluated by general and ultrastructure observation, as well as the expressions of neuronal regeneration and inflammatory reaction biomarkers. The nerve functions were assessed with gastrocnemius muscle measurement, hot-plate test, and walking track analysis. Compared with the chitosan hydrogel, the PCL-amnion nanofibrous membrane significantly reduced peripheral nerve adhesion and promoted nerve regeneration. The morphological properties of axons in the nerve wrap group were preserved. Intraneural macrophage invasion, as assessed by the number of CD68-positive cells, was less severe in the PCL-amnion group than in the other groups. Additionally, the gastrocnemius muscle weight and muscle bundle area were significantly higher in the PCL-amnion group than those in the chitosan group. The abilities of sense and movement of the rats in the PCL-amnion group were significantly improved compared to the other groups. In summary, electrospun PCL-amnion nanofibrous membranes effectively prevented post-neurolysis peripheral nerves from developing adhesion, whereas promoted nerve repair and regeneration, which make PCL-amnion nanofibrous membranes a promising biomaterial for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Dong
- Department of Hand Surgery, 74725The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Orthopedics, 159363Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Department of Hand Surgery, 74725The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiangbo Bai
- Department of Hand Surgery, 74725The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kunlun Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, 74725The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Workers Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changping District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dehu Tian
- Department of Hand Surgery, 74725The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Antimicrobial Hydrophilic Membrane Formed by Incorporation of Polymeric Surfactant and Patchouli Oil. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223872. [PMID: 34833171 PMCID: PMC8624874 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane properties are highly affected by the composition of the polymer solutions that make up the membrane material and their influence in the filtration performance on the separation or purification process. This paper studies the effects of the addition of pluronic (Plu) and patchouli oil (PO) in a polyethersulfone (PES) solution on the membrane morphology, membrane hydrophilicity, and filtration performance in the pesticide removal compound in the water sample. Three types of membranes with the composition of PES, PES + Plu, and PES + Plu + patchouli oil were prepared through a polymer phase inversion technique in an aqueous solvent. The resulting membranes were then analyzed and tested for their mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, antimicrobial properties, and filtration performance (cross-flow ultrafiltration). The results show that all of the prepared membranes could reject 75% of the pesticide. The modification of the PES membrane with Plu was shown to increase the overall pore size by altering the pore morphology of the pristine PES, which eventually increased the permeation flux of the ultrafiltration process. Furthermore, patchouli oil added antimicrobial properties, potentially minimizing the biofilm formation on the membrane surface.
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8
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Rickel AP, Deng X, Engebretson D, Hong Z. Electrospun nanofiber scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112373. [PMID: 34579892 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, there is a large need for small diameter vascular grafts that cannot be fulfilled using autologous vessels. Although medium to large diameter synthetic vessels are in use, no suitable small diameter vascular graft has been developed due to the unique dynamic environment that exists in small vessels. To achieve long term patency, a successful tissue engineered vascular graft would need to closely match the mechanical properties of native tissue, be non-thrombotic and non-immunogenic, and elicit the proper healing response and undergo remodeling to incorporate into the native vasculature. Electrospinning presents a promising approach to the development of a suitable tissue engineered vascular graft. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different polymers, techniques, and functionalization approaches that have been used to develop an electrospun tissue engineered vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Rickel
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, United States of America
| | - Xiajun Deng
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, United States of America
| | - Daniel Engebretson
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, United States of America
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, United States of America.
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Bai S, Zhang X, Zang L, Yang S, Chen X, Yuan X. Electrospinning of Biomaterials for Vascular Regeneration. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Somani M, Mukhopadhyay S, Gupta B. Surface features and patterning in hydrolytic functionalization of polyurethane films. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Ho TTP, Doan VK, Tran NMP, Nguyen LKK, Le ANM, Ho MH, Trinh NT, Van Vo T, Tran LD, Nguyen TH. Fabrication of chitosan oligomer-coated electrospun polycaprolactone membrane for wound dressing application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Fusaro L, Gualandi C, Antonioli D, Soccio M, Liguori A, Laus M, Lotti N, Boccafoschi F, Focarete ML. Elastomeric Electrospun Scaffolds of a Biodegradable Aliphatic Copolyester Containing PEG-Like Sequences for Dynamic Culture of Human Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121620. [PMID: 33266333 PMCID: PMC7759847 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of artificial prostheses for damaged vessel replacement, polymeric scaffolds showing the right combination of mechanical performance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are still demanded. In the present work, poly(butylene-co-triethylene trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate), a biodegradable random aliphatic copolyester, has been synthesized and electrospun in form of aligned and random fibers properly designed for vascular applications. The obtained materials were analyzed through tensile and dynamic-mechanical tests, the latter performed under conditions simulating the mechanical contraction of vascular tissue. Furthermore, the in vitro biological characterization, in terms of hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility in static and dynamic conditions, was also carried out. The mechanical properties of the investigated scaffolds fit within the range of physiological properties for medium- and small-caliber blood vessels, and the aligned scaffolds displayed a strain-stiffening behavior typical of the blood vessels. Furthermore, all the produced scaffolds showed constant storage and loss moduli in the investigated timeframe (24 h), demonstrating the stability of the scaffolds under the applied conditions of mechanical deformation. The biological characterization highlighted that the mats showed high hemocompatibility and low probability of thrombus formation; finally, the cytocompatibility tests demonstrated that cyclic stretch of electrospun fibers increased endothelial cell activity and proliferation, in particular on aligned scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Antonioli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation and INSTM UdR Alessandria, University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (D.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Michele Laus
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation and INSTM UdR Alessandria, University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (D.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.L.F.); Tel.: +39-0321660556 (F.B.); +39-051-2099577 (M.L.F.)
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.)
- Health Sciences & Technologies (HST) CIRI, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.L.F.); Tel.: +39-0321660556 (F.B.); +39-051-2099577 (M.L.F.)
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Elkhenany H, Elkodous MA, Newby SD, El-Derby AM, Dhar M, El-Badri N. Tissue Engineering Modalities and Nanotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55359-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Arévalo-Alquichire S, Dominguez-paz C, Valero MF. Mechanical Assessment and Hyperelastic Modeling of Polyurethanes for the Early Stages of Vascular Graft Design. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214973. [PMID: 33167333 PMCID: PMC7663800 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The material design of vascular grafts is required for their application in the health sector. The use of polyurethanes (PUs) in vascular grafts intended for application in the body appears to be adequate due to the fact that native tissues have similar properties as PUs. However, the influence of chemical structure on the biomechanics of PUs remains poorly described. The use of constitutive models, together with numerical studies, is a powerful tool for evaluating the mechanical behavior of materials under specific physiological conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the mechanical properties of different PU mixtures formed by polycaprolactone diol, polyethylene glycol, and pentaerythritol using uniaxial tensile, strain sweep, and multistep creep-recovery tests. Evaluations of the properties were also recorded after samples had been soaked in phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) to simulate physiological conditions. A hyperelastic model based on the Mooney–Rivlin strain density function was employed to model the performance of PUs under physiological pressure and geometry conditions. The results show that the inclusion of polyethylene glycol enhanced viscous flow, while polycaprolactone diol increased the elastic behavior. Furthermore, tensile tests revealed that hydration had an important effect on the softening phenomenon. Additionally, after the hydration of PUs, the ultimate strength was similar to those reported for other vascular conduits. Lastly, hyperelastic models revealed that the compliance of the PUs showed a cyclic behavior within the tested time and pressure conditions and is affected by the material composition. However, the compliance was not affected by the geometry of the materials. These tests demonstrate that the materials whose compositions are 5–90–5 and 46.3–46.3–7.5 could be employed in the designs of vascular grafts for medical applications since they present the largest value of compliance, ultimate strength, and elongation at break in the range of reported blood vessels, thus indicating their suitability. Moreover, the polyurethanes were revealed to undergo softening after hydration, which could reduce the risk of vascular trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Arévalo-Alquichire
- Energy, Materials and Environmental Group, GEMA, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; (S.A.-A.); (C.D.-p.)
- The Doctoral Program of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Carlos Dominguez-paz
- Energy, Materials and Environmental Group, GEMA, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; (S.A.-A.); (C.D.-p.)
- Department of Prototypes and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
| | - Manuel F. Valero
- Energy, Materials and Environmental Group, GEMA, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; (S.A.-A.); (C.D.-p.)
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Processes, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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Conjugated Linoleic Acid Grafting Improved Hemocompatibility of the Polycaprolactone Electrospun Membrane. INT J POLYM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8127570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a versatile biomaterial with a wide range of medical applications, but its use in blood-contacting devices is hampered due to insufficient hemocompatibility. In this work, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes were chemically grafted with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to prevent induced blood coagulation. The density of grafted CLA and its effects on the morphology and wettability of the membranes were examined. The study also investigated how the membrane interacted with human whole blood and platelets to determine its antithrombotic properties. As the results suggested, the grafting caused a negligible effect on the physical properties of the membrane but greatly improved its compatibility with blood, showing that the approach can be investigated further for blood-contacting applications.
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