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Van Chien T, Van Loc T, The Anh N, Van Sung T, Phuong Thao TT. Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 3,19-Isopropylidene-/Arylidene-Andrographolide Analogs. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300420. [PMID: 37466261 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3,19-isopropylidene-/or arylidene-andrographolide analogs were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by NMR spectroscopic methodology. Twenty-five analogs were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against HT-29, HepG2 and LNCaP cancer cell lines based on the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Analog 2 f exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values of 11.14 and 9.25 μM on HepG2 and LNCaP cancer cell lines, respectively. Esterification of hydroxy functional group at position C-14 in andrographolide analogs, 2 a and 2 b, showed somewhat higher cytotoxicity than the precursor. In addition, andrographolide analogs (2 a-2 d, 2 f, 3 a, 4 a and 4 h) were evaluated for the NO inhibitory activity in the LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The most active analog 2 a significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) production from LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 0.34±0.02 μM providing encouraging results for anti-inflammatory compound development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Van Chien
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Van Loc
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen The Anh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Van Sung
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Phuong Thao
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
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Synthesis and anti-plasmodial activity of isoandrographolide acetals. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Tamang N, Andrews C, Mavileti SK, Nanduri S, Golakoti NR, Karanam B. Anti-cancer activity of heteroaromatic acetals of andrographolide and its isomers. NEW J CHEM 2022; 46:9745-9754. [PMID: 36093125 PMCID: PMC9454336 DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Acetals (2a-d, 3a-d, and 6a-d) of andrographolide (1), 14-deoxy-12-hydroxyandrographolide (4), and isoandrographolide (5) were synthesized using benzaldehyde and heteroaromatic aldehydes. All the synthesized derivatives were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry, UV, and IR. The compound 6d was characterized via a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. All the compounds were tested against 60 cell lines of NCI. The acetals (2a-d) of andrographolide (1) exhibited better activity than the acetals (3a-d, and 6a-d) of 12-hydroxyandrographolide (4) and isoandrographolide (5). Preliminary studies suggested that acetals synthesized using benzaldehyde improved anticancer activity. Compound 2a showed the highest growth inhibition of 90.97% against the leukaemia cancer cell line CCRF-CEM. Andrographolide and seven selected compounds were tested against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Compound 3b showed the best activity with an IC50 value of 3 μM among all the tested compounds. Furthermore, this compound 3b was subjected to cell cycle analysis and protein expression confirming apoptosis through the disruption of the mitochondrial potential membrane (Δψ m).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Tamang
- Department of chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Christopher Andrews
- Department of Biology and Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Sai Kiran Mavileti
- Department of chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, 500037, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Golakoti
- Department of chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India
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XIONG C, HUANG CH, WU L, XU R, XUE JP, LIU ZG, SUN W. Identification of Andrographis Herba and its common products using mini-barcode. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:393-400. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Plant-Derived Terpenoids: A Promising Tool in the Fight against Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030502. [PMID: 35158770 PMCID: PMC8833325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the numerous therapies, melanoma remains the deadliest of all skin cancers; however, plant-derived terpenoids are defense molecules that have proven anti-cancer properties. In this review, we present the results of the search for anti-melanoma plant terpenoids. Additionally, we show the effects of combining terpenoids with standard drugs, radiation therapy, or other plant substances on melanoma cell lines and animal models. Finally, we present some examples of drug delivery systems that increase the uptake of terpenoids by melanoma tissue. Abstract Melanoma is responsible for the highest number of skin cancer-caused deaths worldwide. Despite the numerous melanoma-treating options, the fight against it remains challenging, mainly due to its great heterogeneity and plasticity, as well as the high toxicity of standard drugs. Plant-derived terpenoids are a group of plant defense molecules that have been proven effective in killing many different types of cancer cells, both in in vitro experiments and in vivo models. In this review, we focus on recent results in the search for plant terpenoids with anti-melanoma activity. We also report on the synergistic action of combining terpenoids with other plant-derived substances, MAP kinase inhibitors, or radiation. Additionally, we present examples of terpenoid-loaded nanoparticle carriers as anti-melanoma agents that have increased permeation through the cancer tissue.
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Khan I, Mahfooz S, Ansari IA. Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Properties of Andrographolide Against Human Colon Cancer DLD1 Cell Line. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:930-942. [PMID: 31774047 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191125111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, natural products have received great attention for cancer prevention owing to their various health benefits, noticeable lack of toxicity and side effects, and the limitations of chemotherapeutic agents. Andrographolide, a labdane diterpenoid is a principal bioactive constituent of Andrographis paniculata Nees, exhibits significant anticancer activity. OBJECTIVE The efficacy of andrographolide on colon cancer cells is yet to be elucidated completely. Therefore, we investigated the anticancer efficiency of andrographolide in colon cancer DLD1 cell line. METHODS Antiproliferative activity of andrographolide on DLD1 cells was evaluated by MTT assay, LDH release assay, morphological analysis and colony formation assay. Induction of apoptosis was determined by DAPI staining, Annexin V-FITC staining assay, and caspase-3 activation assay. Role of andrographolide induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its association with apoptosis induction in DLD1 cells was elucidated by DCFDA dye. Synergistic ability of andrographolide with 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel (PTX) was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS Results of the present study indicated that andrographolide declined cell viability of DLD1 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Andrographolide induced apoptosis via nuclear condensation, phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase-3 activation. It also augmented cellular ROS levels which were in turn associated with apoptosis induction in DLD1 cells. Moreover, andrographolide displayed synergistic activity with 5-FU and PTX against DLD1 cells. CONCLUSION The present study showed that andrographolide demonstrated antiproliferative and apoptotic properties, moreover it also displayed synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic drugs in colon cancer DLD1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University,
Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey,Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Sadaf Mahfooz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University,
Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey,Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
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In silico and saturation transfer difference NMR approaches to unravel the binding mode of an andrographolide derivative to K-Ras oncoprotein. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1611-1631. [PMID: 32892640 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Andrographolide and its benzylidene derivatives, SRJ09 and SRJ23, potentially bind oncogenic K-Ras to exert anticancer activity. Their molecular interactions with K-Ras oncoproteins that lead to effective biological activity are of major interest. Methods & results: In silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed using Glide and Desmond, respectively; while saturation transfer difference NMR was performed using GDP-bound K-RasG12V. SRJ23 was found to bind strongly and selectively to K-RasG12V, by anchoring to a binding pocket (namely p2) principally via hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. The saturation transfer difference NMR analysis revealed the proximity of protons of functional moieties in SRJ23 to K-RasG12V, suggesting positive binding. Conclusion: SRJ23 binds strongly and interacts stably with K-RasG12V to exhibit its inhibitory activity.
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Andrographolide: Chemical modification and its effect on biological activities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Soo HL, Quah SY, Sulaiman I, Sagineedu SR, Lim JCW, Stanslas J. Advances and challenges in developing andrographolide and its analogues as cancer therapeutic agents. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1890-1898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kandanur SGS, Tamang N, Golakoti NR, Nanduri S. Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:513-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kandanur SGS, Kundu S, Cadena C, Juan HS, Bajaj A, Guzman JD, Nanduri S, Golakoti NR. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 12-substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as apoptosis inducers. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kansom T, Sajomsang W, Saeeng R, Charoensuksai P, Opanasopit P, Tonglairoum P. Apoptosis Induction and Antimigratory Activity of Andrographolide Analog (3A.1)-Incorporated Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Cancer Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3123-3133. [PMID: 30117042 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide analog, namely 19-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-8,17-epoxy andrographolide (or 3A.1) has been reported to be a potential anticancer agent for several types of cancer. Due to its poor aqueous solubility, 3A.1 was incorporated within self-assembly polymeric nanoparticles made of naphthyl-grafted succinyl chitosan (NSC), octyl-grafted succinyl chitosan (OSC), and benzyl-grafted succinyl chitosan (BSC). These 3A.1-loaded nanoparticles were nanosized (< 200 nm) and spherical in shape with a negative surface charge. 3A.1-loaded nanoparticles were produced using a dropping method, which 40% initial drug adding exhibited the highest entrapment efficiency. The release of 3A.1 from the 3A.1-loaded nanoparticles displayed a delayed release pattern. Under acidic conditions (pH 1.2), there was no free drug release. After the pH was adjusted to 6.8, a high cumulative 3A.1 release was obtained which was dependent on the hydrophobic moieties. These 3A.1-loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles proved to be beneficial for specifically delivering anticancer drugs to the targeted colon cancer sites. In vitro anticancer activity against HT-29 found that the 3A.1-loaded nanoparticles had significantly lower IC50 than that of the free drug and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, in vitro wound-healing migration on HN-22 revealed that free 3A.1 and the 3A.1-loaded nanoparticles inhibited cell motility compared with untreated cells. These pH-sensitive amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles may be promising nanocarriers for oral anticancer drug delivery to colorectal cancer cells. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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The anti-cancer activity of an andrographolide analogue functions through a GSK-3β-independent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7924. [PMID: 29784906 PMCID: PMC5962551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a key role in the progression of human colorectal cancers (CRCs) and is one of the leading targets of chemotherapy agents developed for CRC. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of 19-O-triphenylmethyl andrographolide (RS-PP-050), an andrographolide analogue and determine its activity in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. RS-PP-050 was found to potently inhibit the proliferation and survival of HT-29 CRC cells. It induces cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptotic cell death which was associated with the activation of PARP-1 and p53. Furthermore, RS-PP-050 exerts inhibitory effects on β-catenin transcription by suppressing T-cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) activity in cells overexpressing β-catenin and by down-regulating the endogenous expression of Wnt target genes. RS-PP-050 also decreased the protein expression of the active form of β-catenin but functions independently of GSK-3β, a negative regulator of Wnt. Interestingly, RS-PP-050 extensively blocks phosphorylation at Ser675 of β-catenin which links to interference of the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and might contribute to Wnt inactivation. Collectively, our findings reveal the underlying anti-cancer mechanism of an andrographolide analogue and provide useful insight for exploiting a newly chemotherapeutic agent in Wnt/β-catenin-overexpressing CRC cells.
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Banerjee A, Banerjee V, Czinn S, Blanchard T. Increased reactive oxygen species levels cause ER stress and cytotoxicity in andrographolide treated colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26142-26153. [PMID: 28412728 PMCID: PMC5432246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy continues to play an essential role in the management of many cancers including colon cancer, the third leading cause of death due to cancer in the United States. Many naturally occurring plant compounds have been demonstrated to possess anti-cancer cell activity and have the potential to supplement existing chemotherapy strategies. The plant metabolite andrographolide induces cell death in cancer cells and apoptosis is dependent upon the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR). The goal of the present study was to determine the mechanism by which andrographolide induces ER stress and to further evaluate its role in promoting cell death pathways. The T84 and COLO 205 cancer cell lines were used to demonstrate that andrographolide induces increased ROS levels, corresponding anti-oxidant response molecules, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. No increases in ROS levels were detected in control colon fibroblast cells. Andrographolide-induced cell death, UPR signaling, and CHOP, Bax, and caspase 3 apoptosis elements were all inhibited in the presence of the ROS scavenger NAC. Additionally, andrographolide-induced suppression of cyclins B1 and D1 were also reversed in the presence of NAC. Finally, Akt phosphorylation and phospho-mTOR levels that are normally suppressed by andrographolide were also expressed at normal levels in the absence of ROS. These data demonstrate that andrographolide induces ER stress leading to apoptosis through the induction of ROS and that elevated ROS also play an important role in down-regulating cell cycle progression and cell survival pathways as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Vivekjyoti Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Steven Czinn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Blanchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Uddin SJ, Islam MA, Shaw S, Khan IN, Saravi SSS, Ahmad S, Rehman S, Gupta VK, Găman MA, Găman AM, Yele S, Das AK, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Moura Dantas SMM, Rolim HML, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA, Mubarak MS, Yarla NS, Shilpi JA, Mishra SK, Atanasov AG, Kamal MA. Andrographolide, a diterpene lactone from Andrographis paniculata and its therapeutic promises in cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:129-145. [PMID: 29408515 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The diterpene lactone andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has been proven to possess several important protective biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiseptic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. In addition, it has been reported to play a therapeutic role in the treatment of major human diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and colitis. This systematic review aims to highlight andrographolide as a promising agent in cancer treatment. To this purpose, a number of databases were used to search for the cytotoxic/anticancer effects of andrographolide in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Among 1703 identified literature articles, 139 were included in this review; 109 were investigated as non-clinical, whereas 24, 3, and 3 were pre-clinical, clinical, and non-pre-clinical trials, respectively. Among the model systems, cultured cell lines appeared as the most frequently (79.14%) used, followed by in vivo models using rodents, among others. Furthermore, andrographolide was found to exert cytotoxic/anticancer effects on almost all types of cell lines with the underlying mechanisms involving oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory and immune system mediated effects, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, inhibition of cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, anti-angiogenic activity, and other miscellaneous actions. After careful consideration of the relevant evidence, we suggest that andrographolide can be one of the potential agents in the treatment of cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj, 1400, Bangladesh
| | - Eunüs S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals and Research Laboratory, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amirul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P., 226026, India
| | - Shahnawaz Rehman
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P., 226026, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Amelia Maria Găman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Center of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; Department of Haematology, Filantropia City Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Santosh Yele
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, India
| | - Asish Kumar Das
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Hercília Maria Lins Rolim
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanosystems (NANOSFAR), Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500003, T.N., India
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, M.P., India
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia.
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Rahman H, Kim M, Leung G, Green JA, Katz S. Drug-Herb Interactions in the Elderly Patient with IBD: a Growing Concern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 15:618-636. [PMID: 28918484 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-017-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is becoming more prevalent with the elderly being the fastest growing group. Parallel to this, there is an increasing interest in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Nearly half of patients with IBD have used CAM at one time. The elderly patients, however, are burdened by comorbid conditions, polypharmacy, and altered functional status. With increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine in our elderly patients with IBD, it is vital for the provider to provide counsel on drug-herb potential interactions. CAM includes herbal products, diet, dietary supplements, acupuncture, and prayer. In this paper, we will review common CAM, specifically herbs, that are used in patients with IBD including the herb background, suggested use, evidence in IBD, and most importantly, potential interactions with IBD medications used in elderly patients. Most important evidence-based adverse events and drug-herb interactions are summarized. The herbs discussed include Triticum aestivum (wheat grass), Andrographis paniculata (chiretta), Boswellia serrata, tormentil, bilberry, curcumin (turmeric), Plantago ovata (blond psyllium), Oenothera biennis (evening primrose oil), germinated barley foodstuff, an herbal preparation of myrrh, chamomile and coffee extract, chios mastic gum, wormwood (absinthe, thujone), Cannabis sativa (marijuana, THC), tripterygium wilfordii (thunder god vine), Ulmus rubra (slippery elm bark), trigonella foenugraecum (fenugreek), Dioscorea mexicana (wild yam), Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw), ginger, cinnamon, licorice, and peppermint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Rahman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Marina Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital Weill Cornell College of Medicine, 506 Sixth Street Suite 312 Buckley Pavilion, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA.
| | - Galen Leung
- New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue NBV 16 North 30, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesse A Green
- Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Seymour Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine NYC North Shore University - Long Island Jewish Hospital System, Manhasset, NY, USA.,St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY, USA
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Kandanur SGS, Nanduri S, Golakoti NR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new C-12(α/β)-(N-) sulfamoyl-phenylamino-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2854-2862. [PMID: 28527822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide, the major diterpenoidal constituent of Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) and its derivatives have been reported to possess plethora of biological properties including potent anti-cancer activity. In this work, synthesis and in-vitro anti-cancer evaluation of new C-12-substituted aryl amino 14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives (III a-f) are reported. The substitutions include various sulfonamide moieties -SO2-NH-R1. The new derivatives (III a-e) exhibited improved cytotoxicity (GI50, TGI and LC50) compared to andrographolide (I) and the corresponding 3,14,19-O-triacetyl andrographolide (II) when evaluated against 60 NCI cell line panel. Compounds III c and III e are found to be non-toxic to normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cells compared to reference drug THZ-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Giridhar Sarma Kandanur
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Prasanthi Nilayam 515134, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Process Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar 500037, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Nageswara Rao Golakoti
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Prasanthi Nilayam 515134, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Lim JCW, Goh FY, Sagineedu SR, Yong ACH, Sidik SM, Lajis NH, Wong WSF, Stanslas J. A semisynthetic diterpenoid lactone inhibits NF-κB signalling to ameliorate inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse asthma model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 302:10-22. [PMID: 27089844 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide (AGP) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DDAG), two main diterpenoid constituents of Andrographis paniculata were previously shown to ameliorate asthmatic symptoms in a mouse model. However, due to inadequacies of both compounds in terms of drug-likeness, DDAG analogues were semisynthesised for assessment of their anti-asthma activity. A selected analogue, 3,19-diacetyl-14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (SRS27), was tested for inhibitory activity of NF-κB activation in TNF-α-induced A549 cells and was subsequently evaluated in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Female BALB/c mice, 6-8weeks old were sensitized on days 0 and 14, and challenged on days 22, 23 and 24 with OVA. Compound or vehicle (3% dimethyl sulfoxide) was administered intraperitoneally 1h before and 11h after each OVA aerosol challenge. On day 25, pulmonary eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, -5 and -13 in BAL fluid, gene expression of inflammatory mediators such as 5-LOX, E-selectin, VCAM-1, CCL5, TNF-α, AMCase, Ym2, YKL-40, Muc5ac, CCL2 and iNOS in animal lung tissues, and serum IgE were determined. SRS27 at 30μM was found to suppress NF-κB nuclear translocation in A549 cells. In the ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model, SRS27 at 3mg/kg displayed a substantial decrease in pulmonary eosinophilia, BAL fluid inflammatory cytokines level, serum IgE production, mucus hypersecretion and gene expression of inflammatory mediators in lung tissues. SRS27 is the first known DDAG analogue effective in ameliorating inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in the ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C-W Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F-Y Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - S-R Sagineedu
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A C-H Yong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Segi University, Jalan Teknologi, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - S M Sidik
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W S F Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - J Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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SRJ09, a promising anticancer drug lead: Elucidation of mechanisms of antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects and assessment of in vivo antitumor efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:66-78. [PMID: 26940565 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SRJ09 (3,19-(2-bromobenzylidene)andrographolide), a semisynthetic andrographolide (AGP) derivative, was shown to induce G1 cell cycle arrest and eventually apoptosis in breast and colon cancer cell lines. The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the mechanisms cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of SRJ09. The in vitro growth inhibitory properties of compounds were assessed in colon (HCT-116) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. Immunoblotting was utilized to quantitate the protein levels in cells. The gene expressions were determined using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Pharmacokinetic investigation was carried out by determining SRJ09 levels in plasma of Balb/C mice using HPLC. In vivo antitumor activity was evaluated in athymic mice carrying HCT-116 colon tumor xenografts. SRJ09 displayed improved in vitro activity when compared with AGP by producing rapid cell killing effect in vitro. Its activity was not compromised in MES-SA/Dx5 multidrug resistant (MDR) cells expressing p-glycoprotein. Cells treated with SRJ09 (0.1-10μM) displayed increased p21 protein level, which corresponded with gene expression. Whereas CDK4 protein level and gene expression was suppressed. The treatment did not affect cyclin D1. Changes of these proteins paralleled G1 cell cycle arrest in both cell lines as determined by flow cytometry. Induction of apoptosis by SRJ09 in HCT-116 cells which occurred independent of p53 and bcl-2 was inhibited in the presence of caspase 8 inhibitor, implicating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. A single dose (100mg/kg, i.p) of SRJ09 produced a plasma concentration range of 12-30.4μM. At 400mg/kg (q4dX3), it significantly retarded growth of tumor xenografts. The antitumor activity of SRJ09 is suggested mediated via the induction of p21 expression and suppression of CDK-4 expression without affecting cyclin D1 to trigger G1 arrest leading to apoptosis.
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Lim JCW, Jeyaraj EJ, Sagineedu SR, Wong WSF, Stanslas J. SRS06, a new semisynthetic andrographolide derivative with improved anticancer potency and selectivity, inhibits nuclear factor-κB nuclear binding in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line. Pharmacology 2015; 95:70-7. [PMID: 25613753 DOI: 10.1159/000370313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andrographolide has been reported with anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of the activity of signaling molecules such as v-Src, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), STAT3, and PI3K. NF-κB has been proven to promote cancer cell survival, and targeting this pathway will halt the growth of cancer cells. Efforts have been made to produce semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide with improved anticancer potency and selectivity. Subsequently, the effect of a selected derivative, 3,14,19-tripropionylandrographolide (SRS06), was tested for its action against NF-κB. METHODS Screening against 60 US National Cancer Institute (NCI) human cancer cell lines representing leukemia and non-small cell lung (NSCL), colon, CNS, melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast cancers was performed to determine the tumor type selectivity and potency of SRS06. Microculture tetrazolium, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and sulforhodamine B assays were used to determine the in vitro anticancer activity, while Western blot studies were performed to ascertain the inhibitory effect of SRS06 on the NF-κB signaling cascade. The TransAM™ p65 assay kit was used to determine NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity in the NSCL cancer cell line A549. RESULTS From the NCI screening, SRS06 was found to exhibit potent growth-inhibitory effects on multiple cancer cell lines with 10-fold lower 50% growth inhibition (GI50) compared with andrographolide. It was also discerned that the compound preferentially targeted melanoma, CNS, renal, colon, ovarian, prostate, and NSCL cancer cell lines. The DNA fragmentation assay indicated that the main mode of cell death of SRS06-treated A549 cells was via apoptosis. At 5 µmol/l the compound decreased NF-κB protein expression and caused a significant reduction in the nuclear p65 DNA binding activity. CONCLUSION SRS06 displayed improved anticancer selectivity and potency when compared with andrographolide. We alluded its anticancer activity to its effect of inhibiting NF-κB nuclear binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Devendar P, Nayak VL, Yadav DK, Kumar AN, Kumar JK, Satya Srinivas KVN, Sridhar B, Khan F, Sastry KP, Ramakrishna S. Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of novel andrographolide derivatives. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00566j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceric ammonium nitrate facilitates andrographolide-3,19-O-acetal formation with alcohols. Anticancer active derivatives showed good docking scores in in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnam Devendar
- Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre
- Hyderabad-500092
- India
| | - Vadithe Lakshma Nayak
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology
- CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department
- CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
| | - Arigari Niranjana Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre
- Hyderabad-500092
- India
| | - Jonnala Kotesh Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre
- Hyderabad-500092
- India
| | - KVN Satya Srinivas
- Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre
- Hyderabad-500092
- India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography
- CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department
- CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
| | - Kakaraparthi Pandu Sastry
- Natural Product Chemistry
- CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre
- Hyderabad-500092
- India
| | - Sistla Ramakrishna
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department
- CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
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Wong CC, Sagineedu SR, Sumon SH, Sidik SM, Phillips R, Lajis NH, Stanslas J. NCI in vitro and in silico anticancer screen, cell cycle pertubation and apoptosis-inducing potential of new acylated, benzylidene and isopropylidene derivatives of andrographolide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:489-501. [PMID: 25168151 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (AGP) is the main bioactive constituent isolated from the traditional medicinal, Andrographis paniculata which contributes towards its various biological activities, including anticancer property. In this study, a series of new AGP derivatives were semi-synthesised and screened against the NCI in vitro 60 cell lines. From the screening results, we had identified SRS07 as the most potent AGP derivative, against breast and colon cancer cell lines. Subsequently, SRS07 was tested for its capability to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 and HCT116 cancer cells. SRS07 effectively induced G1 cell cycle arrest in both cell lines and ultimately apoptosis by inducing DNA fragmentation in HCT116 cells. The apoptotic cell death induced by SRS07 was confirmed via FITC Annexin-V double staining. Western blot analysis of SRS07-treated HCT116 cells revealed that the compound induced apoptosis be activating caspase 8 which in turn cleaved Bid to t-Bid to initiate cell death cascade. Prediction of the possible mode of action of SRS07 by utilising NCI COMPARE analysis failed to reveal a distinct mechanism category. Hence, it is speculated that SRS07 possesses novel mechanism of action. In conclusion, SRS07 demonstrated superior in vitro anticancer profiles and emerged as a potential lead anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charng Choon Wong
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shariful Hasan Sumon
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiran Mohamad Sidik
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roger Phillips
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
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Wong HC, Wong CC, Sagineedu SR, Loke SC, Lajis NH, Stanslas J. SRJ23, a new semisynthetic andrographolide derivative: in vitro growth inhibition and mechanisms of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:269-88. [PMID: 25070834 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3,19-(3-Chloro-4-fluorobenzylidene)andrographolide (SRJ23), a new semisynthetic derivative of andrographolide (AGP), exhibited selectivity against prostate cancer cells in the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro anti-cancer screen. Herein, we report the in vitro growth inhibition and mechanisms of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by SRJ23. METHODS 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used in assessing in vitro growth inhibition of compounds against prostate cancer (PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP) and mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell lines. Flow cytometry was utilised to analyse cell cycle distribution, whereas fluorescence microscopy was performed to determine morphological cell death. DNA fragmentation and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry were done to confirm apoptosis induced by SRJ23. Quantitation of cell cycle and apoptotic regulatory proteins were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS AGP and SRJ23 selectively inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells compared with RAW 264.7 cells at low micromolar concentrations; however, SRJ23 was more potent. Mechanistically, SRJ23-treated PC-3 cells displayed down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1 without affecting levels of CDK4 and cyclin D1. However, SRJ23 induced down-regulation of CDK4 and cyclin D1 but without affecting CDK1 in DU145 and LNCaP cell lines. DNA histogram analysis revealed that the SRJ23 induced G2/M in PC-3 cells but G1 arrest in DU-145 and LNCaP cells. Morphologically, both compounds induced predominantly apoptosis, which was further confirmed by DNA fragmentation and annexin V-FITC staining. The DNA fragmentation was inhibited in the presence of caspase 8 inhibitor (Z-IETD-FMK). Apoptosis was associated with an increase in caspase 8 expression and activation. This thought to have induced cleavage of Bid into t-Bid. Additionally, increased expression and activation of caspase 9 and Bax proteins were apparent, with a concomitant down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein. Similar apoptosis cascade of events was observed in SRJ23-treated DU145 and LNCaP cell lines. CONCLUSION SRJ23 inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing G2/M and G1 arrest via down-regulation of CDK1, and CDK4 and cyclin, respectively, and initiated caspase-8-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Taken together, these data support the potential of this compound as a new anti-prostate cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chyn Wong
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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In vitro 3D colon tumor penetrability of SRJ09, a new anti-cancer andrographolide analog. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:806-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lin HH, Shi MD, Tseng HC, Chen JH. Andrographolide sensitizes the cytotoxicity of human colorectal carcinoma cells toward cisplatin via enhancing apoptosis pathways in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Sci 2014; 139:108-20. [PMID: 24563380 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, has been shown to suppress the growth and invasion of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) Lovo cells, and trigger apoptosis in vitro. The potential of Andro as a chemotherapeutic agent in CRC was evaluated by investigating its cytotoxic effects as a single agent or in coadministration with cisplatin (CDDP). Andro potentiated the cytotoxic effect of CDDP in Lovo cells through apoptosis. The molecular mechanism for these favorable cellular response was further investigated by analyzing the apoptotic profiles, protein levels, and mRNA expression patterns of several key genes after treatments of Andro or/and CDDP. Molecular results indicated that the effect of Andro alone might be mediated via both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in Lovo cells. The addition of Andro to CDDP induced synergistic apoptosis, which could be corroborated to the changes in protein and mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl-2, and the increased Fas/FasL association in these cells, resulting in increased release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspases. Pretreatment of Nok-1 monoclonal antibody, a Fas signaling inhibitor, or Bax inhibitor peptide V5 repressed the Andro-induced cleavage of procaspase and the sensitization to CDDP-induced apoptosis. Finally, the combination therapy of Andro with CDDP was evidenced by its synergistic inhibition on the growth of Lovo cells in xenograft tumor studies. The results indicate that Andro, in combination with chemotherapeutics, is likely to represent a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Nateewattana J, Dutta S, Reabroi S, Saeeng R, Kasemsook S, Chairoungdua A, Weerachayaphorn J, Wongkham S, Piyachaturawat P. Induction of apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma by an andrographolide analogue is mediated through topoisomerase II alpha inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:148-55. [PMID: 24360936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the common primary malignant tumor of bile duct epithelial cells, is unresponsive to most chemotherapeutic drugs. Diagnosis with CCA has a poor prognosis, and therefore urgently requires effective therapeutic agents. In the present study we investigated anti-cancer effects of andrographolide analogue 3A.1 (19-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-8, 17-epoxy andrographolide) and its mechanism in human CCA cell line KKU-M213 derived from a Thai CCA patient. By 24h after exposure, the analogue 3A.1 exhibited a potent cytotoxic effect on KKU-M213 cells with an inhibition concentration 50 (IC50) of approximately 8.0µM. Analogue 3A.1 suppressed DNA topoisomerase II α (Topo II α) protein expression, arrested the cell cycle at sub G0/G1 phase, induced cleavage of DNA repair protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases-1 (PARP-1), and enhanced expression of tumor suppressor protein p53 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax. In addition, analogue 3A.1 induced caspase 3 activity and inhibited cyclin D1, CDK6, and COX-2 protein expression. These results suggest that andrographolide analogue 3A.1, a novel topo II inhibitor, has significant potential to be developed as a new anticancer agent for the treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintapat Nateewattana
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suman Dutta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somrudee Reabroi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungnapha Saeeng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Sakkasem Kasemsook
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Piyachaturawat
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6421-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Therapeutic Potential of Andrographolide Isolated from the Leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees for Treating Lung Adenocarcinomas. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:305898. [PMID: 23997793 PMCID: PMC3755409 DOI: 10.1155/2013/305898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide is one of the major diterpene lactones found in Andrographis paniculata Nees and exhibits remarkable inhibitory effects on various cancers. In this study, the antipulmonary cancer effects of andrographolide were studied in a lung tumor mouse model induced by human vascular endothelial growth factor A165 (hVEGF-A165). These results demonstrated that andrographolide significantly reduced the expression of hVEGF-A165 compared with a mock group in the Clara cells of the lungs. In addition, andrographolide also decreased tumor formation by reducing VEGF, EGFR, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B expression on the transcriptional and translational levels. These results indicated that andrographolide treatment on the overexpression of VEGF can arrest the cell cycle, which induced pulmonary tumors in transgenic mice. In conclusion, the antiangiogenesis and chemotherapeutic potential of andrographolide may provide a cure for pulmonary tumors in the future.
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Zhao HY, Hu H, Wang YT. Comparative metabolism and stability of andrographolide in liver microsomes from humans, dogs and rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1385-1392. [PMID: 23681817 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Andrographolide (AP) is a major active anti-inflammatory compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata Nees. The metabolism stability of AP is one of the key factors for its further development as a new drug candidate. In order to clarify the biotransformation of AP among species, a comparative investigation of its in vitro metabolic pathways in human, dog and rat liver microsomes was carried out. METHODS In the present study, the in vitro metabolic profiles of AP using pooled human (HLMs), dog (DLMs) and rat (RLMs) liver microsomes were studied. The in vitro biotransformation including phase I and phase II incubation systems and metabolic stabilities of AP were studied for the first time. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used for identification of metabolites and quantification of AP. RESULTS Eight phase I and five phase II metabolites resulted from dehydration, deoxygenation, hydrogenation and glucuronidation were tentatively identified by accurate mass measurement and MS/MS fragmentation behavior. A dehydration reaction was detected in all these incubation systems. Deoxy-AP and the related glucuronide metabolites were observed in HLMs only. Besides, the metabolic stabilities of AP in the three liver microsomes showed that the in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLint) of RLMs was much higher than that of HLMs and DLMs. CONCLUSIONS A qualitative and semi-quantitative method was developed for the identification and metabolic stabilities of AP. The general metabolic profiles between three species were clarified. Significant species differences indicated a more cautious strategy for further pharmacokinetics research of AP in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Andrographolide derivatives inhibit guanine nucleotide exchange and abrogate oncogenic Ras function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10201-6. [PMID: 23737504 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300016110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling by oncogenic mutant rat sarcoma (Ras) proteins occurs in ∼15% of all human tumors, yet direct inhibition of Ras by small molecules has remained elusive. Recently, several small-molecule ligands have been discovered that directly bind Ras and inhibit its function by interfering with exchange factor binding. However, it is unclear whether, or how, these ligands could lead to drugs that act against constitutively active oncogenic mutant Ras. Using a dynamics-based pocket identification scheme, ensemble docking, and innovative cell-based assays, here we show that andrographolide (AGP)--a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata--and its benzylidene derivatives bind to transient pockets on Kirsten-Ras (K-Ras) and inhibit GDP-GTP exchange. As expected for inhibitors of exchange factor binding, AGP derivatives reduced GTP loading of wild-type K-Ras in response to acute EGF stimulation with a concomitant reduction in MAPK activation. Remarkably, however, prolonged treatment with AGP derivatives also reduced GTP loading of, and signal transmission by, oncogenic mutant K-RasG12V. In sum, the combined analysis of our computational and cell biology results show that AGP derivatives directly bind Ras, block GDP-GTP exchange, and inhibit both wild-type and oncogenic K-Ras signaling. Importantly, our findings not only show that nucleotide exchange factors are required for oncogenic Ras signaling but also demonstrate that inhibiting nucleotide exchange is a valid approach to abrogating the function of oncogenic mutant Ras.
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12-Amino-andrographolide analogues: synthesis and cytotoxic activity. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1454-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dey SK, Bose D, Hazra A, Naskar S, Nandy A, Munda RN, Das S, Chatterjee N, Mondal NB, Banerjee S, Saha KD. Cytotoxic activity and apoptosis-inducing potential of di-spiropyrrolidino and di-spiropyrrolizidino oxindole andrographolide derivatives. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58055. [PMID: 23472133 PMCID: PMC3589478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer role of andrographolide is well documented. To find novel potent derivatives with improved cytotoxicity than andrographolide on cancer cells, two series of di-spiropyrrolidino- and di-spiropyrrolizidino oxindole andrographolide derivatives prepared by cyclo-addition of azomethine ylide along with sarcosine or proline (viz. sarcosine and proline series respectively) and substitution of different functional groups (-CH3, -OCH3 and halogens) were examined for their cytotoxic effect on a panel of six human cancer cell lines (colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells, pancreatic carcinoma MiaPaCa-2 cells, hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, lung carcinoma A549 and melanoma A375 cells). Except halogen substituted derivatives of proline series (viz. CY2, CY14 and CY15 for Br, Cl and I substitution respectively), none of the other derivatives showed improved cytotoxicity than andrographolide in the cancer cell lines examined. Order of cytotoxicity of the potent compounds is CY2>CY14>CY15>andrographolide. Higher toxicity was observed in HCT116, MiaPaCa-2 and HepG2 cells. CY2, induced death of HCT116 (GI50 10.5), MiaPaCa-2 (GI50 11.2) and HepG2 (GI50 16.6) cells were associated with cell rounding, nuclear fragmentation and increased percentage of apoptotic cells, cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, ROS generation, and involvement of mitochondrial pathway. Upregulation of Bax, Bad, p53, caspases-3,-9 and cleaved PARP; downregulation of Bcl-2, cytosolic NF-κB p65, PI3K and p-Akt; translocation of P53/P21, NF-κB p65 were seen in CY2 treated HCT116 cells. Thus, three halogenated di-spiropyrrolizidino oxindole derivatives of andrographolide are found to be more cytotoxic than andrographolide in some cancer cells. The most potent derivative, CY2 induced death of the cancer cells involves ROS dependent mitochondrial pathway like andrographolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Dey
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Hazra
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhendu Naskar
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhishek Nandy
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Rudra Narayan Munda
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadip Das
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Nirup Bikash Mondal
- Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukdeb Banerjee
- Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
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Lim JCW, Chan TK, Ng DSW, Sagineedu SR, Stanslas J, Wong WSF. Andrographolide and its analogues: versatile bioactive molecules for combating inflammation and cancer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:300-10. [PMID: 22017767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) Nees, commonly known as 'king of bitters', is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Family Acanthaceae. It has been widely used for centuries in Asian countries like China, India, Thailand and Malaysia for the treatment of sore throat, flu and upper respiratory tract infections. 2. Andrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and neoandrographolide are examples of the major labdane diterpenoids isolated from A. paniculata. These bioactive molecules have exhibited varying degrees of anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models of inflammation and cancer. 3. Extensive libraries of andrographolide analogues have been synthesised mainly by modifying the α,β-unsaturated γ-butyrolactone moiety, the two double bonds Δ(8,(17)) and Δ(12,(13)) and the three hydroxyls at C-3 (secondary), C-14 (allylic) and C-19 (primary). Many of these synthetic analogues exhibit superior anticancer activity over the naturally occurring andrographolides. 4. Andrographolide and its derivatives have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models of asthma, stroke and arthritis, as well as in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. Andrographolide reduces the production of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nitric oxide and lipid mediators, probably via inhibition of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway. 5. The anticancer mechanisms for andrographolide include inhibition of Janus tyrosine kinases-signal transducers and activators of transcription, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and NF-κB signalling pathways, suppression of heat shock protein 90, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, metalloproteinases and growth factors, and the induction of tumour suppressor proteins p53 and p21, leading to inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, survival, metastasis and angiogenesis. 6. Andrographolide drug discovery is a promising strategy for the development of a novel class of anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
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Nateewattana J, Saeeng R, Kasemsook S, Suksen K, Dutta S, Jariyawat S, Chairoungdua A, Suksamrarn A, Piyachaturawat P. Inhibition of topoisomerase II α activity and induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells by semi-synthetic andrographolide analogues. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:320-32. [PMID: 22899371 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase II α enzyme plays a critical role in DNA replication process. It controls the topologic states of DNA during transcription and is essential for cell proliferation. Human DNA topoisomerase II α (hTopo II α) is a promising chemotherapeutic target for anticancer agents against a variety of cancer types. In the present study, andrographolide and its structurally modified analogues were investigated for their inhibitory activities on hTopo II α enzyme. Five out of nine andrographolide analogues potently reduced hTopo II α activity and inhibited cell proliferation in four mammalian cell lines (Hela, CHO, BCA-1 and HepG2 cells). IC50 values for cytotoxicity of analogues 3A.1, 3A.2, 3A.3, 1B and 2C were 4 to 7 μM. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that both core structure of andrographolide and silicon based molecule of functional group were important for the inhibition of hTopo II α activity whereas position C-19 of analogues was required for anti-proliferation. In addition, the analogue 2C at 10 μM concentration inhibited hTopo II α, and induced apoptosis with nuclear fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies in HepG2 cells. The analogue 2C may, therefore, have a therapeutic potential as effective anticancer agent targeting the hTopo II α functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintapat Nateewattana
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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New substituted C-19-andrographolide analogues with potent cytotoxic activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:49-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sriramaneni RN, Omar AZ, Ibrahim SM, Amirin S, Mohd Zaini A. Vasorelaxant effect of diterpenoid lactones from Andrographis paniculata chloroform extract on rat aortic rings. Pharmacognosy Res 2011; 2:242-6. [PMID: 21808575 PMCID: PMC3141135 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.69125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible mechanism of the vasorelaxant effect of the Andrographis paniculata chloroform extract (APCE) and diterpenoids, such as, 14-deoxyandrographolide (DA) and 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (DDA), on rat aortic rings. METHODS DA and DDA (10 μM to 40 μM) induce relaxation in the aortic rings pre-contracted with KCl (80 mM). RESULTS The IC(50) values are 40.47 ± 1.44 and 37.43 ± 1.41%, respectively, and this inhibition is antagonized by increasing the Ca(2+) concentration in the Kreb's medium. The results indicate that APCE, DA, and DDA may have a calcium anatgonist property. APCE, DA, and DDA also relax norepinephrene (NE)-induced sustained contractions with IC(50) values 41.63 ± 1.19, 49.22 ± 2.76, and 37.46 ± 1.41% and this relaxant effect is unaffected by the removal of the endothelium or by the presence of indomethacin and Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME). Moreover, DA and DDA inhibit the phasic and tonic contractions induced by NE in a concentration-dependent manner and show the most potent inhibition on phasic contraction (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study shows that APCE, DA, and DDA pre-treatment presents a more potent inhibition compared to post-treatment, after the tension has reached a steady state. These results suggest that the vasorelaxation of APCE, DA, and DDA direct the inhibition of the calcium influx. The vasorelaxant effect is more active in the calcium independent pathway and more sensitive in the intial stage of contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Sriramaneni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia
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Lin HH, Tsai CW, Chou FP, Wang CJ, Hsuan SW, Wang CK, Chen JH. Andrographolide down-regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 250:336-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ma XC, Gou ZP, Wang CY, Yao JH, Xin XL, Lin Y, Liu KX. A new ent-labdane diterpenoid lactone from Andrographis paniculata. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2010.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Inhibitory effects of andrographolide on migration and invasion in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via down-regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 632:23-32. [PMID: 20097193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancers worldwide and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises more than 80% of lung cancer cases. Treatment options for patients with advanced NSCLC have evolved in the last decade with the advent of novel biological agents. Andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, is known to have the potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent. In order to understand the anti-cancer properties of andrographolide, we examined its effect on migration and invasion in human NSCLC A549 cells. The results of wound-healing assay and in vitro transwell assay revealed that andrographolide inhibited dose-dependently the migration and invasion of A549 cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Molecular data showed that the effect of andrographolide in A549 cells might be mediated via sustained inactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal involved in the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Our results showed that andrographolide exerted an inhibitory effect on the activity and the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-7, but not MMP-2 or MMP-9. The andrographolide-inhibited MMP-7 expression or activity appeared to occur via activator protein-1 (AP-1) because of its DNA binding activity was suppressed by andrographolide. Additionally, the transfection of Akt over-expression vector (Akt1 cDNA) to A549 cells could result in an increase expression of MMP-7 concomitantly with a marked induction on cell invasion. These findings suggested that the inhibition on MMP-7 expression by andrographolide may be through suppression on PI3K/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway, which in turn led to the reduced invasiveness of the cancer cells.
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Manikam ST, Stanslas J. Andrographolide inhibits growth of acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells by inducing retinoic acid receptor-independent cell differentiation and apoptosis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.01.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The growth inhibiting potential of andrographolide was evaluated in three acute promyelocytic leukaemia cell line models (HL-60, NB4 and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant NB4-R2).
Methods
In elucidating the mechanisms of growth inhibition, a special emphasis was placed on assessing the induction of differentiation and apoptosis by andrographolide in the primary acute promyelocytic leukaemia NB4 cells.
Key findings
The compound was 2- and 3-fold more active in inhibiting the growth of HL-60 and NB4-R2 cells compared with NB4 cells, respectively. At IC50 (concentration at which growth of 50% of the cells (compared with medium only treated control cells) is inhibited; 4.5 μM) the compound exhibited strong cell-differentiating activity in NB4 cells, similar to ATRA (IC50 1.5 μM). In the presence of a pure retinoic acid receptor antagonist AGN193109, the growth inhibition of NB4 cells by ATRA was reversed, whereas the activity of andrographolide was not affected. This clearly suggested that andrographolide's cell differentiating activity to induce growth inhibition of NB4 cells most likely occurred via a retinoic acid receptor-independent pathway. At higher concentration (2 × IC50), andrographolide was an efficient inducer of apoptosis in NB4 cells.
Conclusions
Taken together, these results suggest andrographolide and its derivatives, apparently with a novel cell differentiating mechanism and with ability to induce apoptosis, might be beneficial in the treatment of primary and ATRA-resistant acute promyelocytic leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiamala T Manikam
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Xin XL, Su DH, Wang XJ, Yuan QP. Microbial transformation of dehydroandrographolide by Cunninghamella echinulata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shi MD, Lin HH, Chiang TA, Tsai LY, Tsai SM, Lee YC, Chen JH. Andrographolide could inhibit human colorectal carcinoma Lovo cells migration and invasion via down-regulation of MMP-7 expression. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:344-52. [PMID: 19426720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, is known to possess multiple pharmacological activities. In our previous study, Andro had been shown to have potent anti-cancer activity against human colorectal carcinoma Lovo cells by inhibiting cell-cycle progression. To further investigate the mechanism for the anti-cancer properties of Andro, it was used to examine the effect on migration and invasion of Lovo cells. The results of wound-healing assay and in vitro transwell assay revealed that Andro inhibited dose-dependently the migration and invasion of Lovo cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Using zymographic assay and RT-PCR, the results revealed that Andro diminished the activity and the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-7, but not MMP-2 or MMP-9. The down-regulation of MMP-7 appeared to be via the inactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) since the treatment with Andro suppressed the nuclear protein level of AP-1, which was accompanied by a decrease in DNA-binding level of the factor. Taken together, these results indicated that Andro reduces the MMP-7-mediated cellular events in Lovo cells, and provided a new mechanism for its anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Shi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yongkang Veterans Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Xin XL, Ma XC, Zhang BJ, Su DH, Wu ZM, Wang XJ, Li XY, Yuan QP. Microbial transformation of dehydroandrographolide by Cunninghamella elegans. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:187-191. [PMID: 19219734 DOI: 10.1080/10286020802619280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The biotransformation of dehydroandrographolide (1) by Cunninghamella elegans was performed and four transformed products were obtained. Based on their extensive spectral data, the structures of these metabolites were identified as 3-oxo-dehydroandrographolide (2), 3-oxo-2beta-hydroxy-dehydroandrographolide (3), 3-oxo-8beta,17alpha-epoxydehydroandrographolide (4), 3,19-dihydroxy-7,11,13-ent-labdatrien-15,16-olide (5), respectively. Among them, products 3-5 are new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess of Beijing, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Benzylidene derivatives of andrographolide inhibit growth of breast and colon cancer cells in vitro by inducing G(1) arrest and apoptosis. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:641-54. [PMID: 18806812 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Andrographolide, the major phytoconstituent of Andrographis paniculata, was previously shown by us to have activity against breast cancer. This led to synthesis of new andrographolide analogues to find compounds with better activity than the parent compound. Selected benzylidene derivatives were investigated for their mechanisms of action by studying their effects on the cell cycle progression and cell death. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Microculture tetrazolium, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assays were utilized in assessing the in vitro growth inhibition and cytotoxicity of compounds. Flow cytometry was used to analyse the cell cycle distribution of control and treated cells. CDK1 and CDK4 levels were determined by western blotting. Apoptotic cell death was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS Compounds, in nanomolar to micromolar concentrations, exhibited growth inhibition and cytotoxicity in MCF-7 (breast) and HCT-116 (colon) cancer cells. In the NCI screen, 3,19-(2-bromobenzylidene) andrographolide (SRJ09) and 3,19-(3-chloro-4-fluorobenzylidene) andrographolide (SRJ23) showed greater cytotoxic potency and selectivity than andrographolide. SRJ09 and SRJ23 induced G(1) arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, respectively. SRJ09 downregulated CDK4 but not CDK1 level in MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis induced by SRJ09 and SRJ23 in HCT-116 cells was confirmed by annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry analysis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The new benzylidene derivatives of andrographolide are potential anticancer agents. SRJ09 emerged as the lead compound in this study, exhibiting anticancer activity by downregulating CDK4 to promote a G(1) phase cell cycle arrest, coupled with induction of apoptosis.
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Shi MD, Lin HH, Lee YC, Chao JK, Lin RA, Chen JH. Inhibition of cell-cycle progression in human colorectal carcinoma Lovo cells by andrographolide. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 174:201-10. [PMID: 18619950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, attention has been focused on the anti-cancer properties of pure components, an important role in the prevention of disease. Andrographolide (Andro), the major constituent of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees plant, is implicated towards its pharmacological activity. To investigate the mechanism basis for the anti-tumor properties of Andro, Andro was used to examine its effect on cell-cycle progression in human colorectal carcinoma Lovo cells. The data from cell growth experiment showed that Andro exhibited the anti-proliferation effect on Lovo cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This event was accompanied the arrest of the cells at the G1-S phase by Andro at the tested concentrations of 0-30 microM. Cellular uptake of Andro and Andro was confirmed by capillary electrophoresis analysis and the intracellular accumulation of Andro (0.61+/-0.07 microM/mg protein) was observed when treatment of Lovo cells with Andro for 12h. In addition, an accumulation of the cells in G1 phase (15% increase for 10 microM of Andro) was observed as well as by the association with a marked decrease in the protein expression of Cyclin A, Cyclin D1, Cdk2 and Cdk4. Andro also inducted the content of Cdk inhibitor p21 and p16, and the phosphorylation of p53. Further immunoprecipitation studies found that, in response to the treatment, the formation of Cyclin D1/Cdk4 and Cyclin A/Cdk2 complexes had declined, preventing the phosphorylation of Rb and the subsequent dissociation of Rb/E2F complex. These results suggested Andro can inhibit Lovo cell growth by G1-S phase arrest, and was exerted by inducing the expression of p53, p21 and p16 that, in turn, repressed the activity of Cyclin D1/Cdk4 and/or Cyclin A/Cdk2, as well as Rb phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Shi
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yongkang Veterans Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Zhao F, He EQ, Wang L, Liu K. Anti-tumor activities of andrographolide, a diterpene from Andrographis paniculata, by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting VEGF level. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2008; 10:467-473. [PMID: 18464090 DOI: 10.1080/10286020801948334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (1), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herb (Andrographis paniculata), is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of 1 on various cancer cell lines in vitro. It induced apoptosis of prostate cancer (PC-3) cells (the most sensitive cell line among the cell lines screened) via the activation of caspase 3, up-regulation of bax, and down-regulation of bcl-2. Furthermore, its inhibitory activity on the level of vascular endothelial growth factor was also verified by ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
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