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Magala Ssekandi A, Sserwanja Q, Olal E, Kawuki J, Bashir Adam M. Corticosteroids Use in Pregnant Women with COVID-19: Recommendations from Available Evidence. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:659-663. [PMID: 33758509 PMCID: PMC7981138 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s301255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women experience immune system changes to accommodate and tolerate the growing foetus, these changes also increase their susceptibility to viral infections such as SARS-COV-2. COVID-19 in pregnancy increases the likelihood of hospital admission and intensive care compared to non-pregnant women. Early administration of low-dose corticosteroids to patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome can reduce all-cause mortality among such patients. However, during pregnancy, prolonged use of corticosteroids that readily cross the placenta like dexamethasone can negatively impact both the mother and foetus. Evidence is thus needed on the choice, timing, and duration for corticosteroids use among pregnant women with COVID-19. This article aims to provide evidence on corticosteroid use in pregnant women with COVID-19. The RECOVERY trial deduced that low-dose dexamethasone (6 milligrams) reduced mortality by up to one-third among COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation and one-fifth among those who received supplemental oxygen. Pregnant women in this trial received either oral prednisolone or intravenous hydrocortisone. Based on the RECOVERY trial findings, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) recommends that pregnant women with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 receive oral prednisolone or intravenous hydrocortisone. However, currently, the World Health Organisation (WHO) does not explicitly specify which corticosteroid to use among pregnant women with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. We also note that there are no published articles on corticosteroid use among pregnant women with severe COVID-19 in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Kawuki
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Martin LF, Richardson LS, da Silva MG, Sheller-Miller S, Menon R. Dexamethasone induces primary amnion epithelial cell senescence through telomere-P21 associated pathway†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1605-1616. [PMID: 30927408 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex), a corticosteroid hormone, is used during the perinatal period to help fetal lung and other organ development. Conversely, Dex-induced cell proliferation has been associated with accelerated aging. Using primary amnion epithelial cells (AECs) from term, not in labor, fetal membranes, we tested the effects of Dex on cell proliferation, senescence, and inflammation. Primary AECs treated with Dex (100 and 200 nM) for 48 h were tested for cell viability (crystal violet dye exclusion), cell cycle progression and/or type of cell death (flow cytometry), expression patterns of steroid receptors (glucocorticoid receptor, progesterone receptor membrane component 1&2), inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and IL-8), and telomere length (quantitative RT-PCR). Mechanistic mediators of senescence (p38MAPK and p21) were determined by western blot analysis. Dex treatment did not induce AEC proliferation, cell cycle, influence viability, or morphology. However, Dex caused dependent telomere length reduction and p38MAPK-independent but p21-dependent (confirmed by treatment with p21 inhibitor UC2288). Senescence was not associated with an increase in inflammatory mediators, which is often associated with senescence. Co-treatment with RU486 produced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and cellular necrosis with an increase in inflammatory mediators. The effect of Dex was devoid of changes to steroid receptors, whereas RU486 increased GR expression. Dex treatment of AECs produced nonreplicative and noninflammatory senescence. Extensive use of Dex during the perinatal period may lead to cellular senescence, contributing to cellular aging associated pathologies during the perinatal and neonatal periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Martin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauren S Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Márcia Guimarães da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Di Martino A, Russo F, Denaro L, Denaro V. How to treat lumbar disc herniation in pregnancy? Eur Spine J. 2017;26:496-504. [PMID: 28429143 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this systematic review, we aim to illustrate the current and safe concepts in the assessment, diagnosis and management of herniated lumbar disc (HLD) during pregnancy. METHODS A systematic review and reporting on the diagnosis, treatment and clinical results of HLD during pregnancy is performed. RESULTS The MRI represents the first level and safest diagnostic tool for pregnant women affected by spinal problems allowing for a noninvasive and detailed radiological examination of the spine. The initial management of pregnant women affected by HLD is conservative, and primarily aimed to pain therapy. Whenever radicular pain and progressive neurological deficits unresponsive to medical management occur, surgery should be considered. Few case reports regarding the operative management of HLD in pregnant women have been published up to date. Laminectomy and/or microdiscectomy represent the classical and most commonly used techniques that can be safely performed without affecting pregnancy, delivery, or baby's health. Endoscopic discectomy may be an alternative. The most adequate timing and surgical position are chosen based on to the fetal gestational age and site of the pathology. CONCLUSIONS Surgical treatments during pregnancy impose multiple medical and ethical problems. Timely diagnosis by MRI, careful clinical evaluation, and surgical treatment represent safe and effective procedures. Ongoing evolution of surgical, anesthesiological and obstetrical procedures results in favorable outcomes. However, interdisciplinary management and a wide knowledge of pregnancy-related pathologies are crucial for the best outcome for both mother and child.
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Webster P, Nelson-Piercy C, Lightstone L. A complicated multisystem flare of systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2016-217546. [PMID: 28179384 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a young woman who became pregnant amid a severe flare. She continued to have active disease in the face of aggressive treatments complicated by several side effects of immunosuppressive drugs including recurrent sepsis and gestational diabetes. Her fetus was at risk for congenital heart block during the second and third trimesters. Despite an extremely guarded prognosis, she delivered a healthy baby girl. This case highlights the complexities of SLE management during pregnancy. We discuss the therapeutic options available in pregnancy, and highlight the importance of cross-specialty multidisciplinary care in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Webster
- Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Catherine Nelson-Piercy
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Women's Directorate Office, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Liz Lightstone
- Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Schlabritz-Loutsevitch NE, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Comuzzie AG, Miller MM, Ford SP, Li C, Hubbard GB, Ferry RJ, Nathanielsz PW. The prolonged effect of repeated maternal glucocorticoid exposure on the maternal and fetal leptin/insulin-like growth factor axis in Papio species. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:308-19. [PMID: 19087979 PMCID: PMC2801412 DOI: 10.1177/1933719108325755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity represents a risk factor for pregnancy-related complications. Glucocorticoids are known to promote obesity in adults. METHODS We evaluated maternal and fetal metabolic changes during and after 3 weekly courses of betamethasone administered to pregnant baboons (Papio subspecies) at doses equivalent to those given to pregnant women. RESULTS Betamethasone administration during the second half of pregnancy increased maternal weight but neither maternal food intake nor fetal weight, as assessed at the end of gestation. Betamethasone increased maternal serum glucose concentration, the ratio of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and serum leptin during treatment (normalized by 17, 35, and 45 days posttreatment, respectively, for each parameter). Maternal and fetal serum leptin concentrations did not differ between groups at the end of gestation. CONCLUSION Prolonged maternal hyperleptinemia caused by betamethasone administration in the second half of gestation did not change fetal metabolic parameters measured and placental leptin distribution at the end of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E. Schlabritz-Loutsevitch
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Anthony G. Comuzzie
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Myrna M. Miller
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Stephen P. Ford
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Cun Li
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gene B. Hubbard
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert J. Ferry
- Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas
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Abstract
Pregnancy and family planning issues are prominent concerns in the medical care of multiple sclerosis patients, since the disease onset often coincides with a period of life that is decisive in this regard. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disorder with an unpredictable course and is widely treated with long-term immunomodulatory agents, raising questions regarding the complications and effects of these therapies on pregnancy. This paper gives an overview of the relevant literature and provides a basis for individual counselling of this group of multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hoffmann
- Institut für Klinische Neuroimmunologie, Klinikum der Universität München-Grosshadern, München.
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