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Garzón-Orduña IJ, Silva-Brandão KL, Willmott K, Freitas AVL, Wahlberg N, Brower AVZ. Wing pattern diversity in Eunica butterflies (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae): phylogenetic analysis implies decoupled adaptive trends in dorsal sexual dimorphism and ventral eyespot evolution. Cladistics 2024; 40:1-20. [PMID: 37712878 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Butterfly eyespots are wing patterns reminiscent of vertebrate eyes, formed by concentric rings of contrastingly coloured scales. Eyespots are usually located close to the wing margin and often regarded as the single most conspicuous pattern element of butterfly wing colour displays. Recent efforts to understand the processes involved in the formation of eyespots have been driven mainly by evo-devo approaches focused on model species. However, patterns of change implied by phylogenetic relationships can also inform hypotheses about the underlying developmental mechanisms associated with the formation or disappearance of eyespots, and the limits of phenotypic diversity occurring in nature. Here we present a combined evidence phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus Eunica, a prominent member of diverse Neotropical butterfly communities, that features notable variation among species in eyespot patterns on the ventral hind wing surface. The data matrix consists of one mitochondrial gene region (COI), four nuclear gene regions (GAPDH, RPS5, EF1a and Wingless) and 68 morphological characters. A combined cladistic analysis with all the characters concatenated produced a single most parsimonious tree that, although fully resolved, includes many nodes with modest branch support. The phylogenetic hypothesis presented corroborates a previously proposed morphological trend leading to the loss of eyespots, together with an increase in the size of the conserved eyespots, relative to outgroup taxa. Furthermore, wing colour pattern dimorphism and the presence of androconia suggest that the most remarkable instances of sexual dimorphism are present in the species of Eunica with the most derived eyespot patterns, and are in most cases accompanied by autapomorphic combinations of scent scales and "hair pencils". We discuss natural and sexual selection as potential adaptive explanations for dorsal and ventral wing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne J Garzón-Orduña
- Departamento de Zoología, Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153, Mexico, Mexico D.F., 04510, Mexico
| | - Karina Lucas Silva-Brandão
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum of Nature Hamburg - Zoology, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Keith Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Diversity, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Pasaje Rumipampa 341, Quito, Pichincha, 170506, Ecuador
| | - André V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biología, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, 13.083-862, Brazil
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Andrew V Z Brower
- National Identification Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, USDA-APHIS, 4700 River Road, Riverdale, MD, 20737, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th Street and Constitution Ave., Washington, DC, 20560, USA
- Division of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
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2
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Barbosa EP, Seraphim N, Valencia G, Maria L Azeredo-Espin A, V L Freitas A. Phylogenetic systematics of Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 and related taxa, with notes on the biogeographical history of Yphthimoides species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 168:107390. [PMID: 35031455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Species losses are increasing and may have an impact on our understanding of patterns of evolutionary pathways and phylogenetic relationships among the groups being lost. The knowledge of such patterns can contribute to preventing future losses by identifying which lineages have higher or lower diversification rates, thus informing conservation strategies. Recent years have seen a significant growth in studies of butterfly systematics, allowing a better understanding of evolutionary relationships among most groups and revealing significant taxonomic chaos in several groups. One of the latter groups is the nymphalid subtribe Euptychiina (Satyrinae), which has been shown to include a number of non-monophyletic genera based on recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. Among others, these genera include Yphthimoides, which is widespread throughout the Neotropical region but particularly diverse in the southeastern Neotropics, and a pair of related genera, Pharneuptychia Forster, 1964 and Moneuptychia Forster, 1964. Using molecular data, this study scope and aims was to provide a phylogenetic hypothesis that corroborates Yphthimoides as presently conceived being non-monophyletic, a result reinforced by a comparative study of the male genitalic morphology. Our results also show that Pharneuptychia and Moneuptychia, plus a species misplaced elsewhere in the Euptychiina, Euptychoides castrensis (Schaus, 1902), form a well supported clade, and that the latter 'species' is a complex of cryptic species. We therefore propose a number of taxonomic rearrangements in the present work to resolve these issues: Yphthimoides eriphule (A. Butler, 1867) will be moved to a new genus; Y. affinis (A. Butler, 1867), Y. maepius (Godart, [1824]), Y. mimula (Hayward, 1954), Y. neomaenas (Hayward, 1967) and Y. mythra (Weymer, 1911) are being transferred to Malaveria Viloria & Benmesbah, 2021; Pharneuptychia innocentia (Godart, [1824]) will be moved to another genus to be described; and Euptychoides castrensis, Pharneuptychia romanina (Bryk, 1953) and Yphthimoides viviana (Romieux, 1927) are being moved to Moneuptychia. The dating of divergences points to a split between the ancestral lineage of Yphthimoides and its sister group, Carminda Ebert and Dias, inDias 1998, during the last half of the Miocene, around 11.86 Mya, and to the diversification of the Pharneuptychia during the same time 11.35 (± 3.52) Mya. Biogeographic analysis showed that the most recent common ancestor of Yphthimoides started to diversify either in the the Brazilian Cerrado savannas or in a combined area of Cerrado and South Atlantic Forest, with a possible change in the ancestral habitat of Carminda. Furthermore, ancestral character mapping favors a savanna origin hypothesis over a forest origin hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Barbosa
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Noemy Seraphim
- Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, câmpus Campinas CTI Renato Archer - Av. Comendador Aladino Selmi, s/n - Amarais, Campinas - SP, 13069-901.
| | - Gorky Valencia
- Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú and Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Peru.
| | - Ana Maria L Azeredo-Espin
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia e Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - André V L Freitas
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Ehlers S, Schulz S. The scent chemistry of butterflies. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 40:794-818. [PMID: 36420976 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Butterflies use structurally highly diverse volatile compounds for communication, in addition to visual signals. These compounds originate from plants or a formed de novo especially by male butterflies that possess specific scent organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ehlers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Hill RI. Convergent flight morphology among Müllerian mimic mutualists. Evolution 2021; 75:2460-2479. [PMID: 34431522 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Müllerian mimicry involves a signal mutualism between prey species, shaped by visually hunting predators, and recent work has emphasized the importance of color pattern. Predators respond to more than color pattern, however, and other traits are much less studied. This article examines the hypothesis of convergent evolution in flight-related morphology among eight mimicry complexes composed of 51 butterfly species (Nymphalidae, Danainae, Ithomiini) from a single community in Ecuador. Phylogenetic comparative analyses of 14 variables indicated strong morphological differences between mimicry complexes belonging to three clusters of morphological space ("large yellow transparent," "tiger," and "transparent"), not the eight predicted based on color pattern alone. Analyses found convergence within mimicry complexes, convergence between mimicry complexes within morphospace clusters, and divergence between mimicry complexes from different morphospace clusters. These three clusters differed in size, and body and wing shape, predicting that flight biomechanics also converge (i.e., locomotor mimicry). Potential constraints on evolution of morphological mimicry related to predator discrimination, and evolutionary rates, likely e xplain why flight-related morphology differences were limited to three clusters of morphological space. Finally, the added complexity that flight-related morphology brings to signals between predator and prey indicates that evolutionary switches in color pattern are not all equally likely, potentially limiting the evolution of color patterns if they do not match morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan I Hill
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720.,Current Address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211
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5
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Morris BJ, Couto A, Aydin A, Montgomery SH. Re-emergence and diversification of a specialized antennal lobe morphology in ithomiine butterflies. Evolution 2021; 75:3191-3202. [PMID: 34383301 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
How an organism's sensory system functions is central to how it navigates its environment. The insect olfactory system is a prominent model for investigating how ecological factors impact sensory reception and processing. Notably, work in Lepidoptera led to the discovery of vastly expanded structures, termed macroglomerular complexes (MGCs), within the primary olfactory processing centre. MGCs typically process pheromonal cues, are usually larger in males, and provide classic examples of how variation in the size of neural structures reflects the importance of sensory cues. Though prevalent across moths, MGCs were lost during the origin of butterflies, consistent with evidence that courtship initiation in butterflies is primarily reliant on visual cues, rather than long distance chemical signals. However, an MGC was recently described in a species of ithomiine butterfly, suggesting that this once lost neural adaptation has re-emerged in this tribe. Here, we show that MGC-like morphologies are widely distributed across ithomiines, but vary in both their structure and prevalence of sexual dimorphism. Based on this interspecific variation we suggest that the ithomiine MGC is involved in processing both plant and pheromonal cues, which have similarities in their chemical constitution, and co-evolved with an increased importance of plant derived chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy J Morris
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antoine Couto
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Asli Aydin
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Freitas AVL, Rosa AHB, Nobre CEB, Melo DHA, Mota LL, Silva-Brandão KL, Machado PA, Carreira JYO. Immature Stages, Natural History, Systematics and Conservation of an Endangered Neotropical Butterfly: the Case of Scada karschina delicata (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:685-695. [PMID: 32720063 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endangered butterfly Scada karschina delicata Talbot, 1932 (Nymphalidae: Danainae: Ithomiini) is endemic to northeastern Brazil, occurring in very few forest remnants of the 'Pernambuco Center of Endemism'. Larvae feed on Solanaceae and are very similar to those of other species in the subtribe Mechanitina, with lateral projections on body, one of the main synapomorphies of this subtribe. Based on molecular data, S. k. delicata clustered together with S. karschina karschina, as a monophyletic group sister to the amazon clade of S. reckia. Based on all available data, S. k. delicata is known from only five localities of mid- to high-altitude forests (from 500 to 1000 m of altitude) in northeastern Brazil. Grounded on available data, a new assessment of extinction risk is proposed, and S. k. delicata is now considered Vulnerable (VU) taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V L Freitas
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - A H B Rosa
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - C E B Nobre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - D H A Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - L L Mota
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - K L Silva-Brandão
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Univ Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - P A Machado
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - J Y O Carreira
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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7
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Brower AVZ, Garzón-Orduña IJ. Missing data, clade support and "reticulation": the molecular systematics of Heliconius and related genera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) re-examined. Cladistics 2018; 34:151-166. [PMID: 34645081 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kozak et al. (2015, Syst. Biol., 64: 505) portrayed the inference of evolutionary history among Heliconius and allied butterfly genera as a particularly difficult problem for systematics due to prevalent gene conflict caused by interspecific reticulation. To control for this, Kozak et al. conducted a series of multispecies coalescent phylogenetic analyses that they claimed revealed pervasive conflict among markers, but ultimately chose as their preferred hypothesis a phylogenetic tree generated by the traditional supermatrix approach. Intrigued by this seemingly contradictory set of conclusions, we conducted further analyses focusing on two prevalent aspects of the data set: missing data and the uneven contribution of phylogenetic signal among markers. Here, we demonstrate that Kozak et al. overstated their findings of reticulation and that evidence of gene-tree conflict is largely lacking. The distribution of intrinsic homoplasy and incongruence homoplasy in their data set does not follow the pattern expected if phylogenetic history had been obscured by pervasive horizontal gene flow; in fact, noise within individual gene partitions is ten times higher than the incongruence among gene partitions. We show that the patterns explained by Kozak et al. as a result of reticulation can be accounted for by missing data and homoplasy. We also find that although the preferred topology is resilient to missing data, measures of support are sensitive to, and strongly eroded by too many empty cells in the data matrix. Perhaps more importantly, we show that when some taxa are missing almost all characters, adding more genes to the data set provides little or no increase in support for the tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Z Brower
- Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Ivonne J Garzón-Orduña
- Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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8
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Livshultz T, Kaltenegger E, Straub SCK, Weitemier K, Hirsch E, Koval K, Mema L, Liston A. Evolution of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in Apocynaceae: revisiting the defence de-escalation hypothesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:762-773. [PMID: 29479722 PMCID: PMC5873419 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce specialized metabolites for their defence. However, specialist herbivores adapt to these compounds and use them for their own benefit. Plants attacked predominantly by specialists may be under selection to reduce or eliminate production of co-opted chemicals: the defence de-escalation hypothesis. We studied the evolution of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in Apocynaceae, larval host plants for PA-adapted butterflies (Danainae, milkweed and clearwing butterflies), to test if the evolutionary pattern is consistent with de-escalation. We used the first PA biosynthesis specific enzyme (homospermidine synthase, HSS) as tool for reconstructing PA evolution. We found hss orthologues in diverse Apocynaceae species, not all of them known to produce PAs. The phylogenetic analysis showed a monophyletic origin of the putative hss sequences early in the evolution of one Apocynaceae lineage (the APSA clade). We found an hss pseudogene in Asclepias syriaca, a species known to produce cardiac glycosides but no PAs, and four losses of an HSS amino acid motif. APSA clade species are significantly more likely to be Danainae larval host plants than expected if all Apocynaceae species were equally likely to be exploited. Our findings are consistent with PA de-escalation as an adaptive response to specialist attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Livshultz
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental SciencesAcademy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University1900 Benjamin Franklin ParkwayPhiladelphiaPA19103USA
| | - Elisabeth Kaltenegger
- Biochemical Ecology and Molecular EvolutionBotanical InstituteChristian‐Albrechts University KielOlshausenstrasse 4024098KielGermany
| | | | - Kevin Weitemier
- Department of Botany & Plant PathologyOregon State University2082 Cordley HallCorvallisOR97331USA
| | - Elliot Hirsch
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental SciencesAcademy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University1900 Benjamin Franklin ParkwayPhiladelphiaPA19103USA
| | - Khrystyna Koval
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental SciencesAcademy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University1900 Benjamin Franklin ParkwayPhiladelphiaPA19103USA
| | - Lumi Mema
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental SciencesAcademy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University1900 Benjamin Franklin ParkwayPhiladelphiaPA19103USA
| | - Aaron Liston
- Department of Botany & Plant PathologyOregon State University2082 Cordley HallCorvallisOR97331USA
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9
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Chazot N, De-Silva DL, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL, Lamas G, Mallet J, Giraldo CE, Uribe S, Elias M. Contrasting patterns of Andean diversification among three diverse clades of Neotropical clearwing butterflies. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3965-3982. [PMID: 29721272 PMCID: PMC5916281 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical region is the most biodiverse on Earth, in a large part due to the highly diverse tropical Andean biota. The Andes are a potentially important driver of diversification within the mountains and for neighboring regions. We compared the role of the Andes in diversification among three subtribes of Ithomiini butterflies endemic to the Neotropics, Dircennina, Oleriina, and Godyridina. The diversification patterns of Godyridina have been studied previously. Here, we generate the first time‐calibrated phylogeny for the largest ithomiine subtribe, Dircennina, and we reanalyze a published phylogeny of Oleriina to test different biogeographic scenarios involving the Andes within an identical framework. We found common diversification patterns across the three subtribes, as well as major differences. In Dircennina and Oleriina, our results reveal a congruent pattern of diversification related to the Andes with an Andean origin, which contrasts with the Amazonian origin and multiple Andean colonizations of Godyridina. In each of the three subtribes, a clade diversified in the Northern Andes at a faster rate. Diversification within Amazonia occurred in Oleriina and Godyridina, while virtually no speciation occurred in Dircennina in this region. Dircennina was therefore characterized by higher diversification rates within the Andes compared to non‐Andean regions, while in Oleriina and Godyridina, we found no difference between these regions. Our results and discussion highlight the importance of comparative approaches in biogeographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chazot
- Department of Biology Lunds Universitet Lund Sweden.,Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Donna Lisa De-Silva
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - André V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - Carlos E Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal Universidad Católica de Oriente Rionegro Colombia
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
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10
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Chazot N, Willmott KR, Condamine FL, De‐Silva DL, Freitas AVL, Lamas G, Morlon H, Giraldo CE, Jiggins CD, Joron M, Mallet J, Uribe S, Elias M. Into the Andes: multiple independent colonizations drive montane diversity in the Neotropical clearwing butterflies Godyridina. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5765-5784. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chazot
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F‐75005 Paris France
- Department of Biology University of Lund 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (Université de Montpellier) Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta T6G 2E9 Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Donna Lisa De‐Silva
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F‐75005 Paris France
| | - André V. L. Freitas
- Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Zoologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - Hélène Morlon
- IBENS Ecole Normale Supérieure UMR 8197 CNRS Paris France
| | - Carlos E. Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal Universidad Católica de Oriente Rionegro Antioquia Colombia
| | | | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS – EPHE – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 34293 Montpellier 5 France
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F‐75005 Paris France
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11
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Garzón-Orduña IJ, Silva-Brandão KL, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL, Brower AVZ. Incompatible Ages for Clearwing Butterflies Based on Alternative Secondary Calibrations. Syst Biol 2015; 64:752-67. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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