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Carvalho APS, Owens HL, St Laurent RA, Earl C, Dexter KM, Messcher RL, Willmott KR, Aduse-Poku K, Collins SC, Homziak NT, Hoshizaki S, Hsu YF, Kizhakke AG, Kunte K, Martins DJ, Mega NO, Morinaka S, Peggie D, Romanowski HP, Sáfián S, Vila R, Wang H, Braby MF, Espeland M, Breinholt JW, Pierce NE, Kawahara AY, Lohman DJ. Comprehensive phylogeny of Pieridae butterflies reveals strong correlation between diversification and temperature. iScience 2024; 27:109336. [PMID: 38500827 PMCID: PMC10945170 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature is thought to be a key factor influencing global species richness patterns. We investigate the link between temperature and diversification in the butterfly family Pieridae by combining next generation DNA sequences and published molecular data with fine-grained distribution data. We sampled nearly 600 pierid butterfly species to infer the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family and curated a distribution dataset of more than 800,000 occurrences. We found strong evidence that species in environments with more stable daily temperatures or cooler maximum temperatures in the warm seasons have higher speciation rates. Furthermore, speciation and extinction rates decreased in tandem with global temperatures through geological time, resulting in a constant net diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula S. Carvalho
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hannah L. Owens
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan A. St Laurent
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chandra Earl
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kelly M. Dexter
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebeccah L. Messcher
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas T. Homziak
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sugihiko Hoshizaki
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Athulya G. Kizhakke
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krushnamegh Kunte
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dino J. Martins
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Insect Committee of Nature Kenya, The East Africa Natural History Society, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicolás O. Mega
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sadaharu Morinaka
- Saitama Study Center, The Open University of Japan, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Japan
| | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Museum Zoologi Bogor, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Helena P. Romanowski
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- African Butterfly Research Institute, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Houshuai Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael F. Braby
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesse W. Breinholt
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Intermountain Healthcare, Intermountain Precision Genomics, St. George, UT, USA
| | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David J. Lohman
- Department of Biology, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, Philippines
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2
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Pyrcz TW, Fhraeus C, Boyer P, Mahecha-J O, Lorenc-Brudecka J, Zajc KS, Willmott KR, Padrn S. The sunny butterflies: new species of high montane pierids of the Catasticta poujadei group from the Peruvian Andes (Pieridae, Pierinae, Aporiina). Zootaxa 2023; 5336:530-542. [PMID: 38221078 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The Catasticta poujadei group, within the subgenus Hesperochoia Reissinger, is revised. Two new species, C. copernicus Pyrcz & Fhraeus sp. nov., and C. buszkoi Boyer & Pyrcz sp. nov. occurring near the timberline in Junn and Apurmac are described. Catasticta eximia Rber is reinstated as a species separate from C. poujadei, and a new subspecies, C. eximia tapuna ssp. nov., is described. The affinities of the species of the C. poujadei group are evaluated based on COI barcodes. Their distribution and habitats are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz W Pyrcz
- Department of Invertebrate Evolution; Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 9; 30-387 Krakw; Poland.
| | - Christer Fhraeus
- Biodiversity; Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund; Sweden.
| | - Pierre Boyer
- 7 Lotissement lHorizon; Le Puy-Sainte-Rparade; France.
| | - Oscar Mahecha-J
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales ICN; Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Carrera 30 No.45-03; Bogot D.C.; Colombia. Biogeografa y Ecologa Evolutiva Neotropical BEEN; Universidad Distrital F.J.C.; Bogot; Colombia. Carrera 3 No. 26A 40.
| | | | - Kamila S Zajc
- Nature Education Centre; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 5; 30-387 Krakw; Poland.
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity; Florida Museum of Natural History; University of Florida; Gainesville; Florida; USA.
| | - Sebastin Padrn
- Laboratorio de Entomologia; Universidad del Azuay. Avenida 24 de Mayo 7-77 y Hernan Malo. Cuenca; Ecuador.
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3
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Nakahara S, Kleckner K, Barbosa EP, Lourenço GM, Casagrande MM, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL. Reassessment of the type locality of Euptychiastigmatica Godman, 1905, with the description of two new sibling species from Amazonia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini). Zookeys 2023; 1167:57-88. [PMID: 37363740 PMCID: PMC10285684 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1167.102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A brief historical review regarding the type locality of Euptychiastigmatica Godman, 1905 was conducted, which suggests that its type locality is actually Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, rather than northeastern Argentina, as previously purported. Consequently, E.stigmatica and its senior synonym E.cyanites Butler, 1871, are regarded to be two species-group names representing a taxon in the euptychiine genus Caeruleuptychia Forster, 1964 known from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A lectotype is designated for E.cyanites. Additionally, two closely related species are named and described using an integrative approach with morphological and molecular evidence. Caeruleuptychiaharrisi Nakahara & Freitas, sp. nov. and C.aemulatio Nakahara & Willmott, sp. nov. both occur in Amazonia and COI barcode data recovered these taxa as part of the caerulea clade of Caeruleuptychia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakahara
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kaylin Kleckner
- Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eduardo P. Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP. 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle M. Lourenço
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mirna M. Casagrande
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - André V. L. Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP. 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Kawahara AY, Storer C, Carvalho APS, Plotkin DM, Condamine FL, Braga MP, Ellis EA, St Laurent RA, Li X, Barve V, Cai L, Earl C, Frandsen PB, Owens HL, Valencia-Montoya WA, Aduse-Poku K, Toussaint EFA, Dexter KM, Doleck T, Markee A, Messcher R, Nguyen YL, Badon JAT, Benítez HA, Braby MF, Buenavente PAC, Chan WP, Collins SC, Rabideau Childers RA, Dankowicz E, Eastwood R, Fric ZF, Gott RJ, Hall JPW, Hallwachs W, Hardy NB, Sipe RLH, Heath A, Hinolan JD, Homziak NT, Hsu YF, Inayoshi Y, Itliong MGA, Janzen DH, Kitching IJ, Kunte K, Lamas G, Landis MJ, Larsen EA, Larsen TB, Leong JV, Lukhtanov V, Maier CA, Martinez JI, Martins DJ, Maruyama K, Maunsell SC, Mega NO, Monastyrskii A, Morais ABB, Müller CJ, Naive MAK, Nielsen G, Padrón PS, Peggie D, Romanowski HP, Sáfián S, Saito M, Schröder S, Shirey V, Soltis D, Soltis P, Sourakov A, Talavera G, Vila R, Vlasanek P, Wang H, Warren AD, Willmott KR, Yago M, Jetz W, Jarzyna MA, Breinholt JW, Espeland M, Ries L, Guralnick RP, Pierce NE, Lohman DJ. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:903-913. [PMID: 37188966 PMCID: PMC10250192 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Caroline Storer
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana Paula S Carvalho
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David M Plotkin
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Mariana P Braga
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily A Ellis
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan A St Laurent
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xuankun Li
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vijay Barve
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liming Cai
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Chandra Earl
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Hannah L Owens
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wendy A Valencia-Montoya
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kwaku Aduse-Poku
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Perimeter College, Georgia State University, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Emmanuel F A Toussaint
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly M Dexter
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tenzing Doleck
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Markee
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebeccah Messcher
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y-Lan Nguyen
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jade Aster T Badon
- Animal Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Hugo A Benítez
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael F Braby
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Wei-Ping Chan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard A Rabideau Childers
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Even Dankowicz
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rod Eastwood
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zdenek F Fric
- Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Riley J Gott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason P W Hall
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Winnie Hallwachs
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nate B Hardy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rachel L Hawkins Sipe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Heath
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jomar D Hinolan
- Botany and National Herbarium Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Nicholas T Homziak
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- College of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Micael G A Itliong
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Janzen
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Krushnamegh Kunte
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Michael J Landis
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elise A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Jing V Leong
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Crystal A Maier
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose I Martinez
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dino J Martins
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Sarah C Maunsell
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolás Oliveira Mega
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexander Monastyrskii
- Vietnam Programme, Fauna & Flora International, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ana B B Morais
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Mark Arcebal K Naive
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Tampilisan, Philippines
| | | | - Pablo Sebastián Padrón
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology Laboratory, Museo de Zoología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong-Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Motoki Saito
- The Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Insect Study Division), Setagaya, Japan
| | | | - Vaughn Shirey
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Doug Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pamela Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrei Sourakov
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petr Vlasanek
- T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Houshuai Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew D Warren
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Masaya Yago
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jesse W Breinholt
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- RAPiD Genomics, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leslie Ries
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - David J Lohman
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, Philippines.
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5
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Pyrcz TW, Willmott KR, Lamas G, Boyer P, Florczyk K, Fåhraeus C, Mahecha O, Cerdeña J, Mrozek A, Farfán J, Zubek A. Correction: Considerations on the Systematics of Neotropical Pierina, with the Description of Two New Species of Phulia Herrich-Schäffer from the Peruvian Andes (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Pierinae, Pierini). Neotrop Entomol 2023; 52:538. [PMID: 37099208 PMCID: PMC10181961 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz W Pyrcz
- Dept of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Univ Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Klaudia Florczyk
- Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Oscar Mahecha
- Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
- Grupo en Biogeografía y Ecología Evolutiva Neotropical BEEN, Univ Distrital F.J.C./Univ Incca de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Cerdeña
- Museo de Historia Natural, Escuela de Biología UNSA, Univ Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Artur Mrozek
- Dept of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jackie Farfán
- Museo de Historia Natural, Escuela de Biología UNSA, Univ Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Anna Zubek
- Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
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6
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Pyrcz TW, Willmott KR, Lamas G, Boyer P, Florczyk K, Fåhraeus C, Mahecha O, Cerdeña J, Mrozek A, Farfán J, Zubek A. Considerations on the Systematics of Neotropical Pierina, with the Description of Two New Species of Phulia Herrich-Schäffer from the Peruvian Andes (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Pierinae, Pierini). Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:840-859. [PMID: 36378478 PMCID: PMC9705514 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of high-Andean Pierina was carried out, including a total of 25 species. Based on morphological evidence, with an emphasis on venation and genitalia and molecular data, using three genetic markers, we confirm the recent subjective synonymy of the generic names Tatochila Butler, 1870, Piercolias, Staudinger, 1894, Hypsochila Ureta, 1955, Infraphulia Field, 1958, Pierphulia Field, 1958, and Theochila Field, 1958 with Phulia Herrich-Schäffer, 1867. Two new species are described, namely Phulia stoddardi Pyrcz & Cerdeña n. sp., from the Andes of Central Peru, which occurs at an unusually high altitude of close to 5000 m a.s.l. in dry puna habitat, and Phulia phantasma Lamas, Willmott & Boyer n. sp., from dry montane forests in northern Peru and southern Ecuador. An overview of high-elevation butterflies is presented, with some discussion on adaptations to this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz W Pyrcz
- Dept of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Univ Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Klaudia Florczyk
- Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Oscar Mahecha
- Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
- Grupo en Biogeografía y Ecología Evolutiva Neotropical BEEN, Univ Distrital F.J.C./Univ Incca de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Cerdeña
- Univ Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Museo de Historia Natural, Escuela de Biología UNSA, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Artur Mrozek
- Dept of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jackie Farfán
- Univ Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Museo de Historia Natural, Escuela de Biología UNSA, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Anna Zubek
- Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
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7
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Nakahara S, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W, Huertas B, Das GN, Willmott KR. Revision of the "celia clade" of Pseudodebis Forster, 1964, with Two New Species and Notes on Papilio phorcys Fabricius, 1793 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:536-556. [PMID: 35674865 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The species-level classification of the "celia clade" of the nymphalid butterfly genus Pseudodebis Forster, 1964, is revised as part of ongoing revisionary work on this genus. The "celia clade" contains three species, of which two, Pseudodebis darrenthroopi Nakahara & Willmott, n. sp. and P. tigrillo Nakahara & Willmott, n. sp., are described and named herein based on morphology and molecular data. Consequently, we increase the described species diversity of Pseudodebis to 13, with a remarkable six species occurring in the trans-Andean region. We discuss five specific epithets associated with the clade and designate a neotype for Papilio celia Cramer, 1780, and lectotype for Taygetis keneza Butler, 1869, based on the same specimen, thus retaining the status of the former name as a senior objective synonym. We also provide a brief historical review for Papilio phorcys Fabricius, 1793, an enigmatic name currently synonymized under Papilio celia. Nevertheless, we were unable to locate the syntype(s) for this name and the identity of Papilio phorcys remains uncertain, so we retain the current synonymy as a parsimonious approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakahara
- Entomology and Nematology Dept, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Depto de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Univ Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Daniel H Janzen
- Dept of Biology, Univ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Gaurab Nandi Das
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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8
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Mota LL, Boddington SJ, Brown Jr. KS, Callaghan CJ, Carter G, Carter W, Dantas SM, Dolibaina DR, Garwood K, Hoyer RC, Robbins RK, Soh A, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL. The butterflies of Cristalino Lodge, in the Brazilian southern Amazonia: An updated species list with a significant contribution from citizen science. Biota Neotrop 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The richest butterfly communities in the world are found in the Amazon rainforest. Despite of this, and the importance of species inventories for the knowledge of diversity patterns, there are few comprehensive lists of butterflies for localities in the Brazilian Amazon. Here, we present an updated list of the butterflies of Cristalino Lodge (Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil), in southern Amazonia, based on specimens collected by researchers and photographic records taken by ecotourists, butterfly watchers, and tour guides. With 1010 species recorded, this is currently the largest list of butterflies published for a single locality in Brazil and the first to reach (and surpass) 1000 species, with more than one third of the records coming from citizen science. The region has about 29% of the butterfly species in Brazil and one of the greatest richnesses known in the country, inferior only to areas in the western Amazon. Its fauna is mainly composed of species widely distributed in lowland Amazonia, with the addition of some species typical of the Cerrado. It has a relatively low number of species of the tribe Ithomiini (Nymphalidae: Danainae), generally considered a good indicator of the total butterfly diversity in neotropical forests, which points to the need for caution when using a single taxonomic group as a surrogate of richness of entire communities. The present work highlights the importance of citizen science and ecotourism centers for inventories and data on species distribution in diverse tropical forests.
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9
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Tan D, Parus A, Dunbar M, Espeland M, Willmott KR. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I barcode species delineation methods imply critically underestimated diversity in ‘common’ Hermeuptychia butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
DNA ‘barcoding’ has contributed greatly to resolving species limits in rapidly diverging tropical insect groups. Here, we explored species diversity in the widespread, cryptic Neotropical butterfly genus Hermeuptychia by generating 601 new sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcode, tripling available information. Our dataset focused in particular on Ecuador, a biogeographically pivotal country, with additional sequences from Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama and Peru. We examined the performance of two phylogeny-based approaches for objectively delineating species, Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP), as well as a clustering-based approach, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), on the combined dataset, including our data and 302 published sequences. In general, GMYC and PTP tended to cluster or split likely species as assessed from morphology, depending on model settings, whereas ABGD was less sensitive and produced a more plausible classification. Numerous sequences formed well-supported clades, putative species, that were unrepresented in previously published datasets. The average diversity across all methods was 45 species, in contrast to the 11 species recognized in the current taxonomy. The resulting COI dataset, in combination with ongoing genomic and morphological research, should significantly clarify our understanding of Hermeuptychia species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Tan
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anamaria Parus
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle Dunbar
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Arthropoda Department, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauer allee, Bonn, Germany
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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10
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Rosa AHB, Huertas B, Willmott KR, Barbosa EP, Machado PA, Mielke OHH, Canaan CHP, Freitas AVL. Fifty years without a name: a new species of Splendeuptychia Forster (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa 2021; 5061:95-114. [PMID: 34810639 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5061.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new satyrine butterfly species, Splendeuptychia tupinamba Freitas, Huertas Rosa, sp. nov. (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), is described. This species is found throughout a large geographical range in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, predominantly in the Cerrado domain, with some records in neighboring Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. Morphology and molecular data indicate that this species is part of a clade that includes Splendeuptychia ashna (the type species of the genus Splendeuptychia), and several species placed in the recently described genus Nubila Viloria, Andrade Henao, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto H B Rosa
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biolgica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil..
| | - Blanca Huertas
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK..
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA..
| | - Eduardo P Barbosa
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biolgica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil..
| | - Patrcia A Machado
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biolgica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil..
| | - Olaf H H Mielke
- Laboratrio de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran, Curitiba, Paran, Brazil..
| | - Carlos H P Canaan
- Rua Vincius de Moraes, 1330, Pacaembu, Divinpolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil..
| | - Andr V L Freitas
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Diversidade Biolgica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil..
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11
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Zacca T, Casagrande MM, Mielke OHH, Huertas B, Freitas AVL, Marn MA, Espeland M, Willmott KR. A new euptychiine butterfly species from south Brazil and taxonomic rearrangements for Taydebis Freitas, 2013 and Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa 2021; 5023:555-570. [PMID: 34810948 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5023.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new species of Taydebis Freitas, 2003 from south Brazil is described using comparative morphology and species distributions. Also, based on morphology, we transfer Neonympha melobosis Capronnier, 1874 (formerly placed in Paryphthimoides Forster, 1964) to Taydebis, and recognize Euptychia peculiaris Butler, 1874 as its junior synonym (syn. nov.). Furthermore, the monotypic Prenda Freitas Mielke, 2011 is herein treated as junior synonym of Taydebis based on morphology, molecular and ecological evidence. Species of Taydebis are endemic and restricted to south Brazil, and now comprises three species: Taydebis guria Zacca, Casagrande Mielke sp. nov., T. melobosis comb. nov. and T. clarissa Freitas Mielke comb. nov. To continue clarifying Euptychiina taxonomy, Euptychia undulata Butler, 1867 (also formerly placed in Paryphthimoides) is transferred to Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964, and we provide additional information on its taxonomy, morphology, and distribution. Diagnoses, illustrations, and distributional maps are provided for all taxa except T. clarissa comb. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara Zacca
- Laboratrio de Pesquisas em Lepidoptera, Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil..
| | - Mirna M Casagrande
- Laboratrio de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paran, Departamento de Zoologia, Curitiba, Paran, Brazil. .
| | - Olaf H H Mielke
- Laboratrio de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paran, Departamento de Zoologia, Curitiba, Paran, Brazil..
| | - Blanca Huertas
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK. .
| | - Andr V L Freitas
- Laboratrio de Ecologia e Sistemtica de Borboletas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Museu da Diversidade Biolgica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil. .
| | - Mario A Marn
- Laboratrio de Ecologia e Sistemtica de Borboletas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Museu da Diversidade Biolgica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, So Paulo, Brazil..
| | | | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA..
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12
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Abstract
Most research on aposematism has focused on chemically defended prey, but the signalling difficulty of capture remains poorly explored. Similar to classical Batesian and Müllerian mimicry related to distastefulness, such 'evasive aposematism' may also lead to convergence in warning colours, known as evasive mimicry. A prime candidate group for evasive mimicry are Adelpha butterflies, which are agile insects and show remarkable colour pattern convergence. We tested the ability of naive blue tits to learn to avoid and generalize Adelpha wing patterns associated with the difficulty of capture and compared their response to that of birds that learned to associate the same wing patterns with distastefulness. Birds learned to avoid all wing patterns tested and generalized their aversion to other prey to some extent, but learning was faster with evasive prey compared to distasteful prey. Our results on generalization agree with longstanding observations of striking convergence in wing colour patterns among Adelpha species, since, in our experiments, perfect mimics of evasive and distasteful models were always protected during generalization and suffered the lowest attack rate. Moreover, generalization on evasive prey was broader compared to that on distasteful prey. Our results suggest that being hard to catch may deter predators at least as effectively as distastefulness. This study provides empirical evidence for evasive mimicry, a potentially widespread but poorly understood form of morphological convergence driven by predator selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Páez
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Janne K Valkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Pável Matos-Maraví
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Nakahara S, Matos-Maraví P, Schwartz J, Willmott KR. Assessing a generic synapomorphy of Pseudodebis Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae) and a recent speciation with a shift in elevation between two new species in the western Andes. INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The field of systematics and our understanding of phylogenetic relationships have been invigorated by the use of molecular data, but analyses based on DNA sequence data are not always corroborated by diagnostic morphological characters. In particular, several taxonomic changes in butterflies (Papilionoidea) have been made solely on the basis of molecular data without identifying morphological synapomorphies that might have aided in diagnosing taxa from butterfly collections or specimens with no accessible DNA. We here focus on the butterfly genus Pseudodebis Forster, 1964 in the so-called ‘Taygetis clade’, which is one of the major clades in the diverse Neotropical nymphalid subtribe Euptychiina. We inferred the evolution of a male genitalic character using the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the ‘Taygetis clade’ to date. This approach allowed us to identify a synapomorphy for Pseudodebis Forster, 1964, which can be used to morphologically diagnose this genus and to distinguish it from other genera in the ‘Taygetis clade’. In addition, we describe two new species of Pseudodebis, P. nakamurai Nakahara & Willmott, sp. nov. and P. pieti Nakahara & Willmott, sp. nov., recovered as sister species based on molecular data, with an estimated time of divergence of 0.3 Ma (Bayesian confidence interval 0.03–1.61 Ma). Despite the low genetic divergence between these two Pseudodebis species, they can be readily distinguished by wing morphology. Pseudodebis nakamurai, sp. nov. and P. pieti, sp. nov. occur in partial sympatry across an elevational gradient along the western Andes, and the inferred recent speciation event might be related to a shift in elevation and possibly a change in larval hostplant preference.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:38B4AF76-79E9-4D4D-BF16-FCD8F53A7277
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14
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Ortiz‐Acevedo E, Gomez JP, Espeland M, Toussaint EFA, Willmott KR. The roles of wing color pattern and geography in the evolution of Neotropical Preponini butterflies. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12801-12816. [PMID: 33304495 PMCID: PMC7713932 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversification rates and evolutionary trajectories are known to be influenced by phenotypic traits and the geographic history of the landscapes that organisms inhabit. One of the most conspicuous traits in butterflies is their wing color pattern, which has been shown to be important in speciation. The evolution of many taxa in the Neotropics has also been influenced by major geological events. Using a dated, species-level molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for Preponini, a colorful Neotropical butterfly tribe, we evaluated whether diversification rates were constant or varied through time, and how they were influenced by color pattern evolution and biogeographical events. We found that Preponini originated approximately 28 million years ago and that diversification has increased through time consistent with major periods of Andean uplift. Even though some clades show evolutionarily rapid transitions in coloration, contrary to our expectations, these shifts were not correlated with shifts in diversification. Involvement in mimicry with other butterfly groups might explain the rapid changes in dorsal color patterns in this tribe, but such changes have not increased species diversification in this group. However, we found evidence for an influence of major Miocene and Pliocene geological events on the tribe's evolution. Preponini apparently originated within South America, and range evolution has since been dynamic, congruent with Andean geologic activity, closure of the Panama Isthmus, and Miocene climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz‐Acevedo
- Departamento de Química y BiologíaUniversidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Juan Pablo Gomez
- Departamento de Química y BiologíaUniversidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia
| | | | | | - Keith R. Willmott
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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15
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Finkbeiner SD, Salazar PA, Nogales S, Rush CE, Briscoe AD, Hill RI, Kronforst MR, Willmott KR, Mullen SP. Frequency dependence shapes the adaptive landscape of imperfect Batesian mimicry. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2786. [PMID: 29618547 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more than a century of biological research on the evolution and maintenance of mimetic signals, the relative frequencies of models and mimics necessary to establish and maintain Batesian mimicry in natural populations remain understudied. Here we investigate the frequency-dependent dynamics of imperfect Batesian mimicry, using predation experiments involving artificial butterfly models. We use two geographically distinct populations of Adelpha butterflies that vary in their relative frequencies of a putatively defended model (Adelpha iphiclus) and Batesian mimic (Adelpha serpa). We found that in Costa Rica, where both species share similar abundances, Batesian mimicry breaks down, and predators more readily attack artificial butterfly models of the presumed mimic, A. serpa By contrast, in Ecuador, where A. iphiclus (model) is significantly more abundant than A. serpa (mimic), both species are equally protected from predation. Our results provide compelling experimental evidence that imperfect Batesian mimicry is frequency-dependent on the relative abundance of models and mimics in natural populations, and contribute to the growing body of evidence that complex dynamics, such as seasonality or the availability of alternative prey, influence the evolution of mimetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Finkbeiner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA .,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Patricio A Salazar
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sofía Nogales
- Department of Biology, Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cassidi E Rush
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Adriana D Briscoe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ryan I Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Marcus R Kronforst
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sean P Mullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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16
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Espeland M, Breinholt JW, Barbosa EP, Casagrande MM, Huertas B, Lamas G, Marín MA, Mielke OH, Miller JY, Nakahara S, Tan D, Warren AD, Zacca T, Kawahara AY, Freitas AV, Willmott KR. Four hundred shades of brown: Higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 131:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Nakahara S, Lamas G, Tyler S, Marín MA, Huertas B, Willmott KR, Mielke OHH, Espeland M. A revision of the new genus Amiga Nakahara, Willmott & Espeland, gen. n., described for Papilioarnaca Fabricius, 1776 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zookeys 2019:85-152. [PMID: 30740021 PMCID: PMC6367311 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.821.31782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We here propose a new, monotypic genus, Amiga Nakahara, Willmott & Espeland, gen. n., to harbor a common Neotropical butterfly, described as Papilioarnaca Fabricius, 1776, and hitherto placed in the genus Chloreuptychia Forster, 1964. Recent and ongoing molecular phylogenetic research has shown Chloreuptychia to be polyphyletic, with C.arnaca proving to be unrelated to remaining species and not readily placed in any other described genus. Amigaarnacagen. n. et comb. n. as treated here is a widely distributed and very common species ranging from southern Mexico to southern Brazil. A neotype is designated for the names Papilioarnaca and its junior synonym, Papilioebusa Cramer, 1780, resulting in the treatment of the latter name as a junior objective synonym of the former. A lectotype is designated for Euptychiasericeella Bates, 1865, which is treated as a subspecies, Amigaarnacasericeella (Bates, 1865), comb. n. et stat. n., based on molecular and morphological evidence. We also describe two new taxa, Amigaarnacaadela Nakahara & Espeland, ssp. n. and Amigaarnacaindianacristoi Nakahara & Marín, ssp. n., new subspecies from the western Andes and eastern Central America, and northern Venezuela, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA University of Florida Gainesville United States of America.,Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - Stephanie Tyler
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA University of Florida Gainesville United States of America.,School of Architecture, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005 USA Rice University Houston United States of America
| | - Mario Alejandro Marín
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP. 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Blanca Huertas
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Natural History Museum London United Kingdom
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA University of Florida Gainesville United States of America
| | - Olaf H H Mielke
- Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa postal 19020, 81.531 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Arthropoda Department, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauer Allee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig Bonn Germany
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Rosser N, Freitas AVL, Huertas B, Joron M, Lamas G, Mérot C, Simpson F, Willmott KR, Mallet J, Dasmahapatra KK. Cryptic speciation associated with geographic and ecological divergence in two Amazonian Heliconius butterflies. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Rosser
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, UK
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - André V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Blanca Huertas
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Fraser Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Barbosa EP, Siewert RR, Mielke OHH, Lamas G, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL. Redescription of Yphthimoides patricia (Hayward, 1957), with taxonomic notes on the names Euptychia saltuensis Hayward, 1962 and Yphthimoides manasses (C. Felder R. Felder, 1867) (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa 2018; 4422:537-557. [PMID: 30313483 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Euptychia saltuensis Hayward, 1962, new synonym, currently regarded as a nomen dubium and possibly a junior subjective synonym of Yphthimoides manasses (C. Felder R. Felder, 1867), is here treated as a junior subjective synonym of Yphthimoides patricia (Hayward, 1957), based on morphological characters of the male genitalia and the DNA barcode. The taxonomic status of Y. patricia is re-examined, and a detailed redescription of the adult morphology, including the male genitalia, is presented. Information on the distribution, habitat and immature stages of Y. patricia is also provided. Yphthimoides patricia is clearly a distinct species from Y. manasses based on the analysis of DNA barcode sequences and the morphology of the male genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Barbosa
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil..
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20
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Chazot N, De-Silva DL, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL, Lamas G, Mallet J, Giraldo CE, Uribe S, Elias M. Contrasting patterns of Andean diversification among three diverse clades of Neotropical clearwing butterflies. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3965-3982. [PMID: 29721272 PMCID: PMC5916281 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical region is the most biodiverse on Earth, in a large part due to the highly diverse tropical Andean biota. The Andes are a potentially important driver of diversification within the mountains and for neighboring regions. We compared the role of the Andes in diversification among three subtribes of Ithomiini butterflies endemic to the Neotropics, Dircennina, Oleriina, and Godyridina. The diversification patterns of Godyridina have been studied previously. Here, we generate the first time‐calibrated phylogeny for the largest ithomiine subtribe, Dircennina, and we reanalyze a published phylogeny of Oleriina to test different biogeographic scenarios involving the Andes within an identical framework. We found common diversification patterns across the three subtribes, as well as major differences. In Dircennina and Oleriina, our results reveal a congruent pattern of diversification related to the Andes with an Andean origin, which contrasts with the Amazonian origin and multiple Andean colonizations of Godyridina. In each of the three subtribes, a clade diversified in the Northern Andes at a faster rate. Diversification within Amazonia occurred in Oleriina and Godyridina, while virtually no speciation occurred in Dircennina in this region. Dircennina was therefore characterized by higher diversification rates within the Andes compared to non‐Andean regions, while in Oleriina and Godyridina, we found no difference between these regions. Our results and discussion highlight the importance of comparative approaches in biogeographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chazot
- Department of Biology Lunds Universitet Lund Sweden.,Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Donna Lisa De-Silva
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - André V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - Carlos E Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal Universidad Católica de Oriente Rionegro Colombia
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
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21
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Espeland M, Breinholt J, Willmott KR, Warren AD, Vila R, Toussaint EF, Maunsell SC, Aduse-Poku K, Talavera G, Eastwood R, Jarzyna MA, Guralnick R, Lohman DJ, Pierce NE, Kawahara AY. A Comprehensive and Dated Phylogenomic Analysis of Butterflies. Curr Biol 2018; 28:770-778.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Willmott KR, Robinson Willmott JC, Elias M, Jiggins CD. Maintaining mimicry diversity: optimal warning colour patterns differ among microhabitats in Amazonian clearwing butterflies. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20170744. [PMID: 28539522 PMCID: PMC5454276 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimicry is one of the best-studied examples of adaptation, and recent studies have provided new insights into the role of mimicry in speciation and diversification. Classical Müllerian mimicry theory predicts convergence in warning signal among protected species, yet tropical butterflies are exuberantly diverse in warning colour patterns, even within communities. We tested the hypothesis that microhabitat partitioning in aposematic butterflies and insectivorous birds can lead to selection for different colour patterns in different microhabitats and thus help maintain mimicry diversity. We measured distribution across flight height and topography for 64 species of clearwing butterflies (Ithomiini) and their co-mimics, and 127 species of insectivorous birds, in an Amazon rainforest community. For the majority of bird species, estimated encounter rates were non-random for the two most abundant mimicry rings. Furthermore, most butterfly species in these two mimicry rings displayed the warning colour pattern predicted to be optimal for anti-predator defence in their preferred microhabitats. These conclusions were supported by a field trial using butterfly specimens, which showed significantly different predation rates on colour patterns in two microhabitats. We therefore provide the first direct evidence to support the hypothesis that different mimicry patterns can represent stable, community-level adaptations to differing biotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP50, Paris 75005, France
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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23
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Lisa De-Silva D, Mota LL, Chazot N, Mallarino R, Silva-Brandão KL, Piñerez LMG, Freitas AV, Lamas G, Joron M, Mallet J, Giraldo CE, Uribe S, Särkinen T, Knapp S, Jiggins CD, Willmott KR, Elias M. North Andean origin and diversification of the largest ithomiine butterfly genus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45966. [PMID: 28387233 PMCID: PMC5384087 DOI: 10.1038/srep45966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neotropics harbour the most diverse flora and fauna on Earth. The Andes are a major centre of diversification and source of diversity for adjacent areas in plants and vertebrates, but studies on insects remain scarce, even though they constitute the largest fraction of terrestrial biodiversity. Here, we combine molecular and morphological characters to generate a dated phylogeny of the butterfly genus Pteronymia (Nymphalidae: Danainae), which we use to infer spatial, elevational and temporal diversification patterns. We first propose six taxonomic changes that raise the generic species total to 53, making Pteronymia the most diverse genus of the tribe Ithomiini. Our biogeographic reconstruction shows that Pteronymia originated in the Northern Andes, where it diversified extensively. Some lineages colonized lowlands and adjacent montane areas, but diversification in those areas remained scarce. The recent colonization of lowland areas was reflected by an increase in the rate of evolution of species' elevational ranges towards present. By contrast, speciation rate decelerated with time, with no extinction. The geological history of the Andes and adjacent regions have likely contributed to Pteronymia diversification by providing compartmentalized habitats and an array of biotic and abiotic conditions, and by limiting dispersal between some areas while promoting interchange across others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Lisa De-Silva
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205–CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Luísa L. Mota
- Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Chazot
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205–CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F-75005, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Mallarino
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Karina L. Silva-Brandão
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luz Miryam Gómez Piñerez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de investigación Ciencias Forenses y Salud, Tecnológico de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - André V.L. Freitas
- Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE, UMR 5175 CNRS - EPHE - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier 5, France
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Carlos E. Giraldo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal, Universidad Católica de Oriente, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Tiina Särkinen
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Sandra Knapp
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205–CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F-75005, Paris, France
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Nakahara S, Barbosa EP, Marín MA, Freitas AVL, Pomerantz T, Willmott KR. Graphita gen. nov., a New Genus for Neonympha griphe C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Neotrop Entomol 2016; 45:675-691. [PMID: 27283179 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new genus is described for Neonympha griphe C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867, to contribute toward a revision of the polyphyletic genus Euptychoides Forster, 1964. Based on DNA sequence data, Graphita Nakahara, Marín & Barbosa, gen. nov. is strongly supported as a member of a clade of predominantly southeastern Brazilian taxa, in which it is weakly supported as sister to a well-supported clade containing Pharneuptychia Forster, 1964, Moneuptychia Forster, 1964 and the E. castrensis (Schaus, 1902) species complex. The data show that Graphita griphe comb. nov. is not related to other Euptychoides and not very closely related to any other sampled euptychiines, and thus support the description of this new genus. In addition, we provide morphological illustrations and a distribution map for this taxon based on museum specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - E P Barbosa
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - M A Marín
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - A V L Freitas
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - T Pomerantz
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - K R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Nakahara S, Vega G, Willmott KR. Description of a new species of Euptychia Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the western Andes. Zootaxa 2016; 4184:358-366. [PMID: 27811644 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new nymphalid butterfly, Euptychia favonius sp. nov., from the western Andes. Adults and genitalia for this new taxon are illustrated and a distribution map is provided. The taxonomy of its sister species, E. meta Weymer, 1911, is discussed, and a lectotype is designated for E. meta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.;
| | - German Vega
- National Museum of Costa Rica, Department of Natural History. P.O. Box 749-1000. San José, Costa Rica.; unknown
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.; unknown
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Chazot N, Willmott KR, Condamine FL, De‐Silva DL, Freitas AVL, Lamas G, Morlon H, Giraldo CE, Jiggins CD, Joron M, Mallet J, Uribe S, Elias M. Into the Andes: multiple independent colonizations drive montane diversity in the Neotropical clearwing butterflies Godyridina. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5765-5784. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chazot
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F‐75005 Paris France
- Department of Biology University of Lund 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (Université de Montpellier) Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta T6G 2E9 Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Donna Lisa De‐Silva
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F‐75005 Paris France
| | - André V. L. Freitas
- Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Zoologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - Hélène Morlon
- IBENS Ecole Normale Supérieure UMR 8197 CNRS Paris France
| | - Carlos E. Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal Universidad Católica de Oriente Rionegro Antioquia Colombia
| | | | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS – EPHE – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 34293 Montpellier 5 France
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F‐75005 Paris France
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Garzón-Orduña IJ, Silva-Brandão KL, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL, Brower AVZ. Incompatible Ages for Clearwing Butterflies Based on Alternative Secondary Calibrations. Syst Biol 2015; 64:752-67. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Ebel ER, DaCosta JM, Sorenson MD, Hill RI, Briscoe AD, Willmott KR, Mullen SP. Rapid diversification associated with ecological specialization in NeotropicalAdelphabutterflies. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2392-405. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Ebel
- Department of Biology; Boston University; Boston MA 02215 USA
| | | | | | - Ryan I. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of the Pacific; Stockton CA 95211 USA
| | - Adriana D. Briscoe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity; Florida Museum of Natural History; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Sean P. Mullen
- Department of Biology; Boston University; Boston MA 02215 USA
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Brower AVZ, Willmott KR, Silva-Brandão KL, Garzón-Orduña IJ, Freitas AVL. Phylogenetic relationships of ithomiine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) as implied by combined morphological and molecular data. SYST BIODIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2014.899650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chazot N, Willmott KR, Santacruz Endara PG, Toporov A, Hill RI, Jiggins CD, Elias M. Mutualistic Mimicry and Filtering by Altitude Shape the Structure of Andean Butterfly Communities. Am Nat 2014; 183:26-39. [DOI: 10.1086/674100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Janzen DH, Hallwachs W, Blandin P, Burns JM, Cadiou JM, Chacon I, Dapkey T, Deans AR, Epstein ME, Espinoza B, Franclemont JG, Haber WA, Hajibabaei M, Hall JPW, Hebert PDN, Gauld ID, Harvey DJ, Hausmann A, Kitching IJ, Lafontaine D, Landry JF, Lemaire C, Miller JY, Miller JS, Miller L, Miller SE, Montero J, Munroe E, Green SR, Ratnasingham S, Rawlins JE, Robbins RK, Rodriguez JJ, Rougerie R, Sharkey MJ, Smith MA, Solis MA, Sullivan JB, Thiaucourt P, Wahl DB, Weller SJ, Whitfield JB, Willmott KR, Wood DM, Woodley NE, Wilson JJ. Integration of DNA barcoding into an ongoing inventory of complex tropical biodiversity. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 9 Suppl s1:1-26. [PMID: 21564960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inventory of the caterpillars, their food plants and parasitoids began in 1978 for today's Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This complex mosaic of 120 000 ha of conserved and regenerating dry, cloud and rain forest over 0-2000 m elevation contains at least 10 000 species of non-leaf-mining caterpillars used by more than 5000 species of parasitoids. Several hundred thousand specimens of ACG-reared adult Lepidoptera and parasitoids have been intensively and extensively studied morphologically by many taxonomists, including most of the co-authors. DNA barcoding - the use of a standardized short mitochondrial DNA sequence to identify specimens and flush out undisclosed species - was added to the taxonomic identification process in 2003. Barcoding has been found to be extremely accurate during the identification of about 100 000 specimens of about 3500 morphologically defined species of adult moths, butterflies, tachinid flies, and parasitoid wasps. Less than 1% of the species have such similar barcodes that a molecularly based taxonomic identification is impossible. No specimen with a full barcode was misidentified when its barcode was compared with the barcode library. Also as expected from early trials, barcoding a series from all morphologically defined species, and correlating the morphological, ecological and barcode traits, has revealed many hundreds of overlooked presumptive species. Many but not all of these cryptic species can now be distinguished by subtle morphological and/or ecological traits previously ascribed to 'variation' or thought to be insignificant for species-level recognition. Adding DNA barcoding to the inventory has substantially improved the quality and depth of the inventory, and greatly multiplied the number of situations requiring further taxonomic work for resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Janzen
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Giraldo CE, Willmott KR, Vila R, Uribe SI. Ithomiini butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hymphalidae) of Antioquia, Colombia. Neotrop Entomol 2013; 42:146-157. [PMID: 23949748 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-012-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Colombia is one of the most biodiverse countries on the planet. However, economic and scientific investment in completing inventories of its biodiversity has been relatively poor in comparison with other Neotropical countries. Butterflies are the best studied group of invertebrates, with the highest proportion of known to expected species. More than 3,200 species of butterflies have been recorded in Colombia, although the study of the still many unexplored areas will presumably increase this number. This work provides a list of Ithomiini butterflies collected in the department of Antioquia and estimates the total number of species present, based on revision of entomological collections, records in the literature and field work performed between 2003 and 2011. The list includes 99 species and 32 genera, representing 27% of all Ithomiini species. We report 50 species of Ithomiini not formerly listed from Antioquia, and found the highest diversity of ithomiine species to be at middle elevations (900-1,800 m). The mean value of the Chao2 estimator for number of species in Antioquia is 115 species, which is close to a predicted total of 109 based on known distributions of other Ithomiini not yet recorded from the department. Nine species are potentially of particular conservation importance because of their restricted distributions, and we present range maps for each species. We also highlight areas in Antioquia with a lack of biodiversity knowledge to be targeted in future studies. This paper contributes to mapping the distribution of the Lepidoptera of Antioquia department in particular and of Colombia in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Univ Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Mullen SP, Savage WK, Wahlberg N, Willmott KR. Rapid diversification and not clade age explains high diversity in neotropical Adelpha butterflies. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:1777-85. [PMID: 21106589 PMCID: PMC3097834 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Latitudinal gradients in species richness are among the most well-known biogeographic patterns in nature, and yet there remains much debate and little consensus over the ecological and evolutionary causes of these gradients. Here, we evaluated whether two prominent alternative hypotheses (namely differences in diversification rate or clade age) could account for the latitudinal diversity gradient in one of the most speciose neotropical butterfly genera (Adelpha) and its close relatives. We generated a multilocus phylogeny of a diverse group of butterflies in the containing tribe Limenitidini, which has both temperate and tropical representatives. Our results suggest there is no relationship between clade age and species richness that could account for the diversity gradient, but that instead it could be explained by a significantly higher diversification rate within the predominantly tropical genus Adelpha. An apparent early larval host-plant shift to Rubiaceae and other plant families suggests that the availability of new potential host plants probably contributed to an increase in diversification of Adelpha in the lowland Neotropics. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that the equatorial peak in species richness observed within Adelpha is the result of increased diversification rate in the last 10-15 Myr rather than a function of clade age, perhaps reflecting adaptive divergence in response to the dramatic host-plant diversity found within neotropical ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Mullen
- Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Elias M, Hill RI, Willmott KR, Dasmahapatra KK, Brower AVZ, Mallet J, Jiggins CD. Limited performance of DNA barcoding in a diverse community of tropical butterflies. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 274:2881-9. [PMID: 17785265 PMCID: PMC3227132 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA 'barcoding' relies on a short fragment of mitochondrial DNA to infer identification of specimens. The method depends on genetic diversity being markedly lower within than between species. Closely related species are most likely to share genetic variation in communities where speciation rates are rapid and effective population sizes are large, such that coalescence times are long. We assessed the applicability of DNA barcoding (here the 5' half of the cytochrome c oxidase I) to a diverse community of butterflies from the upper Amazon, using a group with a well-established morphological taxonomy to serve as a reference. Only 77% of species could be accurately identified using the barcode data, a figure that dropped to 68% in species represented in the analyses by more than one geographical race and at least one congener. The use of additional mitochondrial sequence data hardly improved species identification, while a fragment of a nuclear gene resolved issues in some of the problematic species. We acknowledge the utility of barcodes when morphological characters are ambiguous or unknown, but we also recommend the addition of nuclear sequence data, and caution that species-level identification rates might be lower in the most diverse habitats of our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Elias
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
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Jiggins CD, Mallarino R, Willmott KR, Bermingham E. The phylogenetic pattern of speciation and wing pattern change in neotropical Ithomia butterflies (Lepidoptera: nymphalidae). Evolution 2006; 60:1454-66. [PMID: 16929662 DOI: 10.1554/05-483.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Species level phylogenetic hypotheses can be used to explore patterns of divergence and speciation. In the tropics, speciation is commonly attributed to either vicariance, perhaps within climate-induced forest refugia, or ecological speciation caused by niche adaptation. Mimetic butterflies have been used to identify forest refugia as well as in studies of ecological speciation, so they are ideal for discriminating between these two models. The genus Ithomia contains 24 species of warningly colored mimetic butterflies found in South and Central America, and here we use a phylogenetic hypothesis based on seven genes for 23 species to investigate speciation in this group. The history of wing color pattern evolution in the genus was reconstructed using both parsimony and likelihood. The ancestral pattern for the group was almost certainly a transparent butterfly, and there is strong evidence for convergent evolution due to mimicry. A punctuationist model of pattern evolution was a significantly better fit to the data than a gradualist model, demonstrating that pattern changes above the species level were associated with cladogenesis and supporting a model of ecological speciation driven by mimicry adaptation. However, there was only one case of sister species unambiguously differing in pattern, suggesting that some recent speciation events have occurred without pattern shifts. The pattern of geographic overlap between clades over time shows that closely related species are mostly sympatric or, in one case, parapatric. This is consistent with modes of speciation with ongoing gene flow, although rapid range changes following allopatric speciation could give a similar pattern. Patterns of lineage accumulation through time differed significantly from that expected at random, and show that most of the extant species were present by the beginning of the Pleistocene at the latest. Hence Pleistocene refugia are unlikely to have played a major role in Ithomia diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D Jiggins
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom.
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Willmott KR, Freitas AVL. Higher-level phylogeny of the Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): classification, patterns of larval hostplant colonization and diversification. Cladistics 2006; 22:297-368. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Jiggins CD, Mallarino R, Willmott KR, Bermingham E. THE PHYLOGENETIC PATTERN OF SPECIATION AND WING PATTERN CHANGE IN NEOTROPICALITHOMIABUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE). Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Whinnett A, Zimmermann M, Willmott KR, Herrera N, Mallarino R, Simpson F, Joron M, Lamas G, Mallet J. Strikingly variable divergence times inferred across an Amazonian butterfly 'suture zone'. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 272:2525-33. [PMID: 16271979 PMCID: PMC1599783 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
'Suture zones' are areas where hybrid and contact zones of multiple taxa are clustered. Such zones have been regarded as strong evidence for allopatric divergence by proponents of the Pleistocene forest refugia theory, a vicariance hypothesis frequently used to explain diversification in the Amazon basin. A central prediction of the refugia and other vicariance theories is that the taxa should have a common history so that divergence times should be coincident among taxa. A suture zone for Ithomiinae butterflies near Tarapoto, NE Peru, was therefore studied to examine divergence times of taxa in contact across the zone. We sequenced 1619bp of the mitochondrial COI/COII region in 172 individuals of 31 species from across the suture zone. Inferred divergence times differed remarkably, with divergence between some pairs of widespread species (each of which may have two or more subspecies interacting in the zone, as in the genus Melinaea) being considerably less than that between hybridizing subspecies in other genera (for instance in Oleria). Our data therefore strongly refute a simple hypothesis of simultaneous vicariance and suggest that ongoing parapatric or other modes of differentiation in continuous forest may be important in driving diversification in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaine Whinnett
- Galton Laboratory University College London4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK
- The Natural History MuseumCromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Marie Zimmermann
- Galton Laboratory University College London4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK
| | - Keith R Willmott
- The Natural History MuseumCromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- The McGuire Center for Lepidoptera, Florida Museum of Natural History University of FloridaGainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nimiadina Herrera
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Ricardo Mallarino
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Fraser Simpson
- Galton Laboratory University College London4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK
| | - Mathieu Joron
- Galton Laboratory University College London4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor deSan Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - James Mallet
- Galton Laboratory University College London4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK
- Author for correspondence ()
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Mallarino R, Bermingham E, Willmott KR, Whinnett A, Jiggins CD. Molecular systematics of the butterfly genus Ithomia (Lepidoptera: Ithomiinae): a composite phylogenetic hypothesis based on seven genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2005; 34:625-44. [PMID: 15683934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Revised: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Butterflies in the nymphalid subfamily Ithomiinae are brightly colored and involved in mimicry. Here we present a phylogenetic hypothesis for 23 of the 24 species in the genus Ithomia, based on seven different gene regions, representing 5 linkage groups and 4469 bp. We sequenced varying length regions of the following genes: (1) elongation factor 1alpha (Ef1alpha; 1028 bp); (2) tektin (tektin; 715 bp); (3) wingless (wg; 405 bp); (4) ribosomal protein L5 (RpL5; 722 bp, exons 1, 2, 3, and introns 1 and 2); and (5) mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I, II (Co1 and Co2 and intervening leucine tRNA; 1599 bp). The results show incongruence between some genetic loci, although when alternate topologies are compared statistically it was generally true that one topology was supported by a majority of loci sampled. This highlights the need to sample widely across the genome in order to obtain a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis. A combined evidence topology is presented based on a Bayesian analysis of all the gene regions, except the fast-evolving RpL5. The resulting hypothesis is concordant with the most probable relationships determined from our topological comparisons, although in some parts of the tree relationships remain weakly supported. The tree suggests diversification has largely occurred within biogeographic regions such as Central America, the Amazon, the southern and northern Andes, with only occasional dispersal (or vicariance) between such regions. This phylogenetic hypothesis can now be used to investigate patterns of diversification across the genus, such as the potential role of color pattern changes in speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mallarino
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama
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Abstract
The apparent paradox of multiple coexisting wing pattern mimicry 'rings' in tropical butterflies has been explained as a result of microhabitat partitioning in adults. However, very few studies have tested this hypothesis. In neotropical forests, ithomiine butterflies dominate and display the richest diversity of mimicry rings. We show that co-mimetic species occupy the same larval host-plant species significantly more often than expected in two out of five communities that we surveyed; in one of these, the effect remains significant after phylogenetic correction. This relationship is most probably a result of a third correlated variable, such as microhabitat. Host-plant microhabitat may constrain adult movement, or host-plant choice may depend on butterfly microhabitat preferences and mimicry associations. This link between mimicry and host plant could help explain some host-plant and mimicry shifts, which have been important in the radiation of this speciose tropical group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Willmott
- Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
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