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Baiden KMP, Williams ZJ, Schuck RK, Dwyer P, Wang M. The Social Validity of Behavioral Interventions: Seeking Input from Autistic Adults. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06297-3. [PMID: 38470531 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Many in the autistic community have expressed concerns regarding the use of behavioral interventions with autistic children, suggesting that these interventions may not be socially valid. Though behavioral interventions have evolved to be more naturalistic and child-centered, little structured research has been done to explicitly seek autistic perspectives on the acceptability of specific components of behavioral interventions. Autistic adults (N = 235) were recruited online to take the Autism Intervention Attitudes Scale (AIAS), a questionnaire designed to gather feedback on common intervention goals and practices. Results indicate that participants find goals and practices that highlight quality of life, safety, and autistic interactions acceptable, while those that focus on normalization based on neurotypical standards are not. An exploratory graph analysis revealed three communities of goals ("uncontroversial goals", "controversial goals", and "social goals"). Comparison between naturalistic and structured intervention components additionally showed that autistic participants favored naturalistic strategies. These findings are in line with known criticisms of behavioral intervention from autistic adults, but also provide more information on the specific ways in which behavioral interventions can be reformed. This information can guide professionals in the development of appropriate goals and decisions around intervention planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlynn M P Baiden
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.
| | - Zachary J Williams
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Rachel K Schuck
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Patrick Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre (OTARC), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mian Wang
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
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2
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Auten EM, Van Camp C, Ferguson AB. A review of the concurrent-chains arrangement to assess intervention choice: 2018-2023. J Appl Behav Anal 2024; 57:319-330. [PMID: 38299638 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize recent literature on the use of concurrent-chains arrangements in the assessment of preference for interventions (or intervention components) in the applied literature. The types of interventions and participants are described briefly, and procedural variations, ethical considerations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Auten
- Children's Specialized Hospital-Rutgers University Center for Autism Research, Education, and Services (CSH-RUCARES), Somerset, NJ, USA
| | - Carole Van Camp
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Allie B Ferguson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
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3
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Schuck RK, Dwyer P, Baiden KMP, Williams ZJ, Wang M. Social Validity of Pivotal Response Treatment for Young Autistic Children: Perspectives of Autistic Adults. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:423-441. [PMID: 36427175 PMCID: PMC10821825 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The social validity of autism behavioral intervention has been questioned. Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) attempt to address some concerns, but it is unclear whether autistic people consider NDBIs socially valid. Social validity of an NDBI, Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT), was investigated through autistic adults commenting on videos of autistic children receiving PRT. Qualitative coding of responses generated three themes: respect for individuals; assessment of intervention implementation; and socioemotional considerations. Although video brevity limits the scope of the present study's conclusions, participants highlighted PRT components that appeared socially valid (e.g., reinforcing attempts, following the child's lead) and aspects appearing invalid (e.g., overemphasis on spoken language). Therefore, adjustments appear necessary for PRT to be fully acceptable to the autistic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Schuck
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9490, USA.
| | - Patrick Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Kaitlynn M P Baiden
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9490, USA
| | - Zachary J Williams
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Mian Wang
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9490, USA
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4
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Becraft JL, Hardesty SL, Goldman KJ, Shawler LA, Edelstein ML, Orchowitz P. Caregiver involvement in applied behavior-analytic research: A scoping review and discussion. J Appl Behav Anal 2024; 57:55-70. [PMID: 37937407 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a scoping review to characterize the role of caregiver involvement in behavior-analytic research. We reviewed eight behavioral-learning journals from 2011-2022 for works that included children or caregivers as participants and characterized caregiver involvement as passive (implications for caregivers, input, social validity) and active (implementation, caregiver behavior, training, caregiver-collected data). The review identified 228 studies, and almost all (96.1%; n = 219) involved caregivers in some capacity; 94.3% (n = 215) had passive involvement (26.8% had only passive involvement; n = 61), 69.3% (n = 158) had active involvement (1.8% had only active involvement; n = 4), and 3.9% (n = 9) had neither passive nor active involvement. Involvement generally increased over publication years. The most common types of involvement were implications for caregivers, implementation, and input; caregiver-collected data were rare. We propose considerations when engaging caregivers in research and suggest new avenues of inquiry related to caregivers' treatment objectives and social validity, treatment implementers, and caregiver-collected data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Becraft
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samantha L Hardesty
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kissel J Goldman
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lesley A Shawler
- School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Matthew L Edelstein
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phillip Orchowitz
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Flowers J, Dawes J. Dignity and Respect: Why Therapeutic Assent Matters. Behav Anal Pract 2023; 16:913-920. [PMID: 38076752 PMCID: PMC10700258 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During therapeutic treatment and research in psychology and related fields, informed consent by the client or participant is required when they are over the age of 18; assent is required when a client or participant is under the age of 18 or a conserved adult. During both research and treatment, behavior analysts often work with neurodiverse individuals who have language deficits, and these clients may require unique assent procedures. This article will outline reasons behavior-analytic research and therapy require field-specific assent procedures. Furthermore, the goals of research and therapy are different and therefore assent may need to differ as well. This article will also argue that therapeutic assent during behavior-analytic treatment requires a unique set of guidelines and procedures that may differ from the behavior-analytic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Flowers
- Department of Human Services and Educational Leadership, School Psychology Program, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA
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Wandin H, Lindberg P, Sonnander K. Aided language modelling, responsive communication and eye-gaze technology as communication intervention for adults with Rett syndrome: three experimental single case studies. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2023; 18:1011-1025. [PMID: 34455895 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2021.1967469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of a communication intervention package on expressive communication and visual attention in individuals with Rett syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A modified withdrawal (A-B1-A1-B2-A2) single case experimental design with a direct inter-subject replication across three participants was applied. Three women with Rett syndrome participated. The study took place over a six-week period and comprised 32 sessions with each participant. All sessions were video recorded. During the intervention the communication partner used aided language modelling on a gaze-controlled device in combination with using responsive partner strategies. Expressive communication was assessed as synthesised words per minute and unique synthesised words per minute. Visual attention was assessed as rate of focused gazes (1 s or longer) in interaction. RESULTS An intervention effect was found on the rate of unique words for all participants. The rate of words increased for two participants when the intervention was introduced but no withdrawal effect could be seen. An intervention effect on visual attention could be seen for one participant. The intervention appeared to have social validity as reported by caregivers. CONCLUSION Aided language modelling (ALM), while using responsive partner strategies and a gaze-controlled device may be used with adult individuals with Rett syndrome to increase their rate of expressive communication. Detailed observational measures revealed individual learning patterns, which may provide clinically valuable insights.Implications for RehabilitationAdults with Rett syndrome may benefit from access to gaze-controlled devices in combination with responsive partner strategies.Responsive partner communication may be effective for some individuals with Rett syndrome to increase their rate of synthesised utterances.Rate of focused gazes may be considered as an outcome measure for individuals with oculomotor difficulties when introducing aided language modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wandin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Research in Disability and Habilitation, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish National Center for Rett Syndrome and Related Disorders, Region Jämtland Härjedalen, Frösön, Sweden
| | - P Lindberg
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Sonnander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Research in Disability and Habilitation, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Irwin Helvey C, Van Camp CM, Mueller CE, Auten EM. Evaluating Preference for Functional and Nonfunctional Stimuli in the Treatment of Destructive Behavior. Behav Anal Pract 2023; 16:867-872. [PMID: 37680328 PMCID: PMC10480116 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of including nonfunctional stimuli that may appear in the natural environment during treatment remain unclear. The current study evaluated preference for differential reinforcement of communication (DRC) treatments with functional reinforcers only and a combination of functional and nonfunctional stimuli. Both treatment conditions resulted in a decrease in destructive behavior and an increase in the communication response for all participants. Two participants preferred the combined DRC condition, whereas one participant showed equal preference for the combined condition and one of the functional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emma M. Auten
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC USA
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8
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Kemmerer AR, Vladescu JC, DeBar RM, Sidener TM, Bell MC. A scoping review of the caregiver training literature for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Kemmerer
- Department of Applied Behavior Analysis Caldwell University Caldwell New Jersey USA
| | - Jason C. Vladescu
- Department of Applied Behavior Analysis Caldwell University Caldwell New Jersey USA
| | - Ruth M. DeBar
- Department of Applied Behavior Analysis Caldwell University Caldwell New Jersey USA
| | - Tina M. Sidener
- Department of Applied Behavior Analysis Caldwell University Caldwell New Jersey USA
| | - Marlesha C. Bell
- Department of Psychology University of the Pacific Stockton California USA
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9
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Bilgili-Karabacak I, Dueñas AD, Settanni E, Bauer K. A Quantitative Systematic Review of Sibling-Mediated Interventions for Young Children with Autism: Effects on Sibling Outcomes. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-023-00362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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10
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Huntington RN, Badgett NM, Rosenberg NE, Greeny K, Bravo A, Bristol RM, Byun YH, Park MS. Social Validity in Behavioral Research: A Selective Review. Perspect Behav Sci 2023; 46:201-215. [PMID: 37006598 PMCID: PMC10050507 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the application of behavioral principles, behavior analysts seek to produce socially meaningful behavior change, defined as alterations in behavior that yield important outcomes immediately beneficial for the direct consumers of interventions and key stakeholders. Behavioral practitioners and researchers often engage in assessment and reporting of the meaningfulness of behavior change using social validity assessments. These assessments ensure that target behaviors are appropriately selected, intervention procedures are acceptable, and satisfactory outcomes are produced. The purpose of this review is to identify the current state of social validity within behavioral literature. We reviewed eight peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and 2020. We found that 47% of the intervention studies reviewed included a social validity assessment. Social validity assessment across journals has increased over time, with a significant rise from 2019 to 2020. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle N. Huntington
- College of Education, Northern Arizona University, Eastburn Education 207c, 639 Riordan Ranch Street, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA
| | - Natalie M. Badgett
- College of Education and Human Services, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | | | - Kaitlin Greeny
- College of Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Alice Bravo
- School of Education, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - Young Hee Byun
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Madelynn S. Park
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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Melton B, O’Connell-Sussman E, Lord J, Weiss MJ. Empathy and Compassion as the Radical Behaviorist Views it: A Conceptual Analysis. Behav Anal Pract 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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12
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Burney V, Arnold-Saritepe A, McCann CM. Rethinking the Place of Qualitative Methods in Behavior Analysis. Perspect Behav Sci 2023; 46:185-200. [PMID: 37006599 PMCID: PMC10050534 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSingle-case design research is pervasive and dominant in the field of behavior analysis (BA). It allows for effective application of behavior change technologies in a wide variety of real-world settings. However, as the field has grown, behavioral scholars have suggested incorporating other methods into the investigator’s toolbox to supplement single-case design. To date, the call to expand beyond using only variations of single-case design as the standard for behavior analytic research has gone largely unheard. Given the need for behavior analytic work to be more closely aligned with consumer and stakeholder needs and priorities, along with a proliferation of practitioners and researchers in the field, now is the time to consider the benefits of qualitative research methods for behavior analysts. In particular, in areas of social validity and in exploring diverse applied topics, qualitative methods may help the field of behavior analysis to achieve greater success with documenting the outcomes from behavior change interventions. The present article explores areas where behavior analysis may benefit from utilizing qualitative methods, namely social validity and breadth of topics for study, and provides examples of the value of qualitative research from other fields. A brief outline of qualitative research is provided alongside consideration of the seven dimensions of applied behavior analysis. In situations where single-case design does not offer behavior analysts sufficient methodological opportunity, qualitative research methods could form a powerful addition to the field of behavior analysis.
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González-García RJ, Martínez-Rico G, Escorcia-Mora C, García-Grau P. A Bibliometric Study on the Social Validity of Telepractice in Autism Spectrum Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010419. [PMID: 36612747 PMCID: PMC9819304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of telepractice is generating increasing interest in recent years. In recent years, early childhood services have used resources such as support for interventions in families with children with autism spectrum disorder. Due to this situation, the social validity of such resources has emerged in this sector, receiving individual attention from academics and practitioners. However, a further deepening of such analyses is needed. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to analyze papers published in the Web of Science on social validity and telepractice in autism spectrum disorders. Bibliometric analysis allows us to discover the current state of a research field, to identify the main authors, articles, and topics, and to propose future lines of research to develop it further. Articles published between 2000 and 2021 were analyzed quantitatively, and by co-occurrence of words and authors. Subsequently, through bibliographic linking, the articles were grouped into different clusters. Five central themes were found, with social skills and the effectiveness of intervention programs being the most developed areas of research. Furthermore, studies focusing on evidence-based practices are necessary for the development of this research field. Thus, the analysis of social validity in the field of telepractice in children with autism spectrum disorders is a developing field within the early childhood sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rómulo J. González-García
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martyr, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Campus Capacitas, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martyr, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Martínez-Rico
- Campus Capacitas, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martyr, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Escorcia-Mora
- Campus Capacitas, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martyr, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pau García-Grau
- Campus Capacitas, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martyr, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Cohen G, Martin N. High-Tech Classroom Management: Effects of the Use of an App on Disruptive and On-Task Classroom Behaviours for Students with Emotional and Behavioural Disorder. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 13:bs13010023. [PMID: 36661595 PMCID: PMC9854601 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Students with emotional behavioural disorders may exhibit extremely challenging behaviour that interferes with their academic achievement and social relationships. Failure at school frequently leads to a succession of poor life outcomes including increased rates of unemployment or underemployment. Increasing on-task behaviours and decreasing disruptive classroom behaviours is of crucial importance. If successful, this may promote positive experiences and outcomes in terms of effective learning, and, ultimately, greater opportunities in life. This study evaluated a high-tech approach to classroom management using an App* that offers elements of choice and predictability to students. Teachers were provided with two hours of training on how to upload lesson plans to their smartphone and how to broadcast onto screens in classrooms. A multiple-baseline design across four participants was used and the data suggested that the use of the App resulted in both increases in on-task behaviour and a reduction in disruptive classroom behaviour for all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cohen
- Department of Special Education, Oranim Academic College of Education, Kiryat Tiv’on 3600600, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Neil Martin
- Behavior Analyst Certification Board, Littleton, CO 80127, USA
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15
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Brown KR, Hurd AM, Randall KR, Szabo T, Mitteer DR. A Family-Centered Care Approach to Behavior-Analytic Assessment and Intervention. Behav Anal Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40617-022-00756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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16
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Carnett A, Neely L, Chen MT, Cantrell K, Santos E, Ala’i-Rosales S. How Might Indices of Happiness Inform Early Intervention Research and Decision Making? ADVANCES IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022; 6:567-576. [PMID: 36213520 PMCID: PMC9527140 DOI: 10.1007/s41252-022-00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The child-caregiver relationship is the foundation for which intervention occurs. Therefore, the acceptability of the intervention should be considered for both parties. Indices of happiness (IOH) have shown to be effective in assessing social validity and providing insight to improving interventions to promote better quality of life. However, to date, there is limited attention to the integration of IOH in very early caregiver-led intervention. The purpose of this study is to explore how researchers and clinicians might collect direct data on IOH to assess the acceptability of an intervention. METHODS Participants in this study included 4 children, ages 19-26 months old, identified as "at-risk" for autism, and their caregivers. Caregiver-led intervention focused on pairing, play, and following the child's lead. IOH data was collected on both child and caregiver using 10 s partial-interval recording. Data analysis from the intervention is presented using three different approaches: pre/post-analysis on an individual level, pre/post-analysis on a dyad level, and during intervention as a primary dependent variable. RESULTS Variations were seen in levels of happiness, both on an individual level and dyad level. IOH for caregivers increased in relation as their fidelity increased but child IOH decreased as they acquired the targeted skill. CONCLUSIONS Direct observation of happiness data is likely to provide valuable insight into participants perception of an intervention. And retrospective analysis may be a valuable tool for reflection and guidance and planning of future interventions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41252-022-00288-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarie Carnett
- Faculty of Education, Educational Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Leslie Neely
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Meng-Ting Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Katherine Cantrell
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Erin Santos
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
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17
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King HC, Wu S, Bloomfield BS, Fischer AJ, Martone LE. A Practical Guide on Problem-Solving Teleconsultation in Schools. JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSULTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10474412.2022.2070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Araiba S, Čolić M. Preliminary Practice Recommendations for Telehealth Direct Applied Behavior Analysis Services with Children with Autism. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL EDUCATION 2022; 32:1-35. [PMID: 35464786 PMCID: PMC9013273 DOI: 10.1007/s10864-022-09473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article provides preliminary practice recommendations for telehealth direct applied behavior analysis (ABA) services for children with autism. In the face of COVID-19, there is an immediate need for discussion on how to implement various ABA procedures via telehealth for ABA practitioners. Alongside emerging scientific evidence on the effectiveness of telehealth direct service as well as various service-related guidelines, we provide preliminary practice recommendations that are based on the existing literature on in-person and telehealth ABA procedures. We also discuss these recommendations with case studies of two boys with autism. Social validity measures indicated that families were satisfied with telehealth direct services. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has resolved itself, telehealth direct ABA service will still be a valuable option for remote and international locations where direct ABA service is limited, and thus, practice recommendations continue to be relevant for all practitioners that use telehealth direct service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Araiba
- Positive Behavior Support Corporation, 1645 Ala Wai Blvd., Honolulu, HI 96815 USA
| | - Marija Čolić
- Special Education Department, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
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19
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Jimenez-Gomez C, Beaulieu L. Cultural responsiveness in applied behavior analysis: Research and practice. J Appl Behav Anal 2022; 55:650-673. [PMID: 35411945 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The new Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts requires that certificants engage in training related to culturally responsive service delivery (BACB, 2020). There is limited work in the area of culturally responsive evidence-based practice within our field. Therefore, it is incumbent on researchers and practitioners to identify best practices for working with diverse populations. Hence, the purpose of this paper is three-fold: a) to review research within and outside the field of ABA related to culturally responsive assessment and treatment and provide practice recommendations, b) to examine the extent to which current practices in behavior assessment and treatment align with aspects of culturally responsive practices, and c) to inspire research in the areas of behavior assessment and treatment to identify best practices with regard to culturally responsive behavior analytic practices. The content of this paper is grounded in the framework described by Beaulieu and Jimenez-Gomez (2022).
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Simonian MJ, Brand D. Assessing the efficacy of and preference for positive and corrective feedback. J Appl Behav Anal 2022; 55:727-745. [PMID: 35297040 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Feedback is an effective strategy for improving performance and consists of multiple characteristics. One characteristic that can influence feedback efficacy is its nature (whether feedback is positive or corrective) and little is known about the conditions under which individuals may prefer corrective over positive feedback. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of and preference for positive and corrective feedback during the acquisition of novel tasks. In the first phase, participants received either positive, corrective, or no feedback across three novel tasks. Participants only mastered the task in which they received corrective feedback. In the second phase, participants chose to receive either positive or corrective feedback after completing trials of the previous phase's control task. All participants chose to receive corrective feedback more frequently than positive feedback. We discuss the implications of the results for feedback delivery in the workplace and provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denys Brand
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Sacramento
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21
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Ely MS, Ostrosky MM, Barton A. The Social Validity of Using the Matrix Approach in Early Intervention With Children Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x221086644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This paper provides a report of social validity and its usefulness in understanding study effects. Social validity data were drawn from a larger single-case study designed to investigate the effectiveness of the Matrix Approach in the practice of early intervention visual impairment professionals. Methods: Qualitative measures were used to assess social validity. According to Wolf (1978), validation of a study should encompass the significance of goals, appropriateness of procedures, and importance of outcomes. Therefore, data sources were created to provide evidence of social validity in these areas including pre- and post-intervention interviews of parents and professionals. Results: Three themes emerged from the social validity data. These are organized under the topics introduced by Wolf (1978) and identified as measures of quality by Horner et al. (2005). The themes are (a) Goals: role of the parent as learner and the professional as expert before using the Matrix Approach, (b) Procedures: helpfulness of coaching and the structure of the Matrix Approach, and (c) Outcomes: personal and professional growth as a result of using the Matrix Approach. Discussion: Evaluation of social validity in single-case research is an important component in a study’s design and in interpreting the study’s outcomes. Wolf’s framework proved valuable in promoting a robust evaluation of study effectiveness, especially when incorporated into the study design. Intentionally planning to measure social validity held the researchers accountable to the practical needs of the participants. In fact, there is value in gathering social validity data at various points in a study. Further, hearing the perspective of stakeholders can provide valuable insights as researchers seek to understand the complexities of change evident in the outcomes of a study. Implications for Practitioners: Collaborative planning is an essential component of early intervention. The Matrix Approach shows promise as a mechanism to foster such collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy S. Ely
- Department of Special Education, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Michaelene M. Ostrosky
- Grayce Wicall Gauthier Professor of Education and Head, Department of Special Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Allison Barton
- Early Childhood Special Education Teacher, Alexandria City Public Schools, Alexandria, VA, USA
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22
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Bird F, Shlesinger A, Gopinathan H, Duhanyan K, Buckley J, Luiselli JK. Health monitoring of students with autism spectrum disorder: Implementation integrity and social validation of a computer‐assisted bowel movement tracking system. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bird
- Melmark New England Andover Massachusetts USA
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23
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McCurdy AJ, Normand MP. The effects of a group‐deposit prize draw on the step counts of sedentary and low active adults. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. McCurdy
- Department of Psychology University of the Pacific Stockton California USA
| | - Matthew P. Normand
- Department of Psychology University of the Pacific Stockton California USA
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24
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Cox AD, Pontone M, Gunnarsson KF. Program evaluation of in-patient treatment units for adults with acquired brain injury and challenging behavior. Brain Inj 2022; 36:321-331. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2033840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison D. Cox
- Department of Applied Disability Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Madeline Pontone
- Department of Applied Disability Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Karl F. Gunnarsson
- Acquired Brain Injury Behaviour Services, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Anderson R, Taylor S, Taylor T, Virues‐Ortega J. Thematic and textual analysis methods for developing social validity questionnaires in applied behavior analysis. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tessa Taylor
- Paediatric Feeding International Sydney Australia
| | - Javier Virues‐Ortega
- The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
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26
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Rajaraman A, Austin JL, Gover HC, Cammilleri AP, Donnelly DR, Hanley GP. Toward trauma-informed applications of behavior analysis. J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 55:40-61. [PMID: 34525220 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite a growing acknowledgement of the importance of understanding the impacts of trauma on therapeutic approaches across human service disciplines, discussions of trauma have been relatively infrequent in the behavior analytic literature. In this paper, we delineate some of the barriers to discussing and investigating trauma in applied behavior analysis (ABA) and describe how the core commitments of trauma-informed care could be applied to behavior analysis. We then provide some examples of how trauma-informed care might be incorporated into ABA practice. We conclude by suggesting opportunities to approach trauma as a viable avenue for behavior analytic research and argue that omitting trauma-informed care from ABA could be detrimental not only to the public perception of ABA, but to the effectiveness of our assessment and treatment procedures.
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27
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Pritchett M, Ala’i-Rosales S, Cruz AR, Cihon TM. Social Justice is the Spirit and Aim of an Applied Science of Human Behavior: Moving from Colonial to Participatory Research Practices. Behav Anal Pract 2021; 15:1074-1092. [PMID: 34178290 PMCID: PMC8218790 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is time for a paradigm shift in the science of applied behavior analysis. Our current approach to applied research perpetuates power imbalances. We posit that the purpose of applied behavior analysis is to enable and expand human rights and to eliminate the legacies of colonial, oppressive social structures. We report the findings from our examination of the content of our flagship applied research journal. We reviewed 50 years of applied experiments from the standpoint of respect, beneficence, justice, and the participation of individuals and communities. Although there is some promise and movement toward inclusion, our findings indicate that we have not prioritized full participation across all segments of society, especially persons and communities that are marginalized. Social justice rests on the belief that human life is to be universally cherished and valued. In this article, we suggest that policies, strategies, and research practices within our field be interwoven with a commitment to social justice, including racial justice, for all. We offer recommendations to neutralize and diffuse power imbalances and to work toward a shift from colonial to participatory practices in the methods and aims of our applied science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Pritchett
- Department of Behavior Analysis, University of North Texas, Box 310919, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203 USA ,Positive Enlightenment, Round Rock, TX USA
| | - Shahla Ala’i-Rosales
- Department of Behavior Analysis, University of North Texas, Box 310919, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203 USA
| | - Alicia Re Cruz
- Department of Anthropology and Women’s and Gender Studies, University of North Texas, Box 310409, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX USA
| | - Traci M. Cihon
- Department of Behavior Analysis, University of North Texas, Box 310919, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203 USA
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28
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Leaf JB, Cihon JH, Leaf R, McEachin J, Liu N, Russell N, Unumb L, Shapiro S, Khosrowshahi D. Concerns About ABA-Based Intervention: An Evaluation and Recommendations. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:2838-2853. [PMID: 34132968 PMCID: PMC9114057 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
For over 50 years, intervention methods informed by the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) have been empirically researched and clinically implemented for autistics/individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the plethora of evidence for the effectiveness of ABA-based interventions, some autism rights and neurodiversity activists have expressed concerns with ABA-based interventions. Concerns have included discontent with historical events and possible harm from the procedures and goals targeted. The purpose of this manuscript is to examine some expressed concerns about ABA-based intervention and suggest productive ways of moving forward to provide the best outcomes for autistics/individuals diagnosed with ASD. The authors represent stakeholders from multiple sectors including board certified behavior analysts, licensed psychologists, parents, and autistics/individuals diagnosed with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Leaf
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA.
| | - Joseph H Cihon
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
| | - Ronald Leaf
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
| | - John McEachin
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
| | - Nicholas Liu
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Noah Russell
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
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29
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Functional Analysis and Noncontingent Reinforcement With Extinction in the Treatment of Perseverative Speech. Behav Anal Pract 2021; 14:208-213. [PMID: 33732591 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-020-00523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effectiveness of noncontingent reinforcement combined with extinction in the treatment of perseverative speech of an 11-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder. Following a functional analysis that suggested perseverative speech was maintained by attention, treatment was introduced and consisted of delivering attention on a fixed-time schedule and placing perseverative speech on extinction. The intervention resulted in a 98.5% decrease in perseverative speech, which maintained over a 28-month period.
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30
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Bacotti JK, Grauerholz-Fisher E, Morris SL, Vollmer TR. Identifying the relation between feedback preferences and performance. J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 54:668-683. [PMID: 33440028 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Performance feedback is a common organizational behavior management intervention (Gravina et al., 2018) that typically yields consistent effects when combined with other procedures (Alvero et al., 2001). A noteworthy characteristic that might affect feedback effectiveness is timing (Lechermeier & Fassnacht, 2018). Given the frequent use and practical utility of feedback, we assessed feedback preference across three feedback timing options: after step, after trial, and after session. We used a direct-choice paradigm to assess feedback timing preferences with undergraduate students completing two multistep computerized tasks. The data obtained suggest that most participants shifted their preference from relatively proximal (e.g., after step) to distal feedback (e.g., after session) as they acquired the tasks. A few participants' preferences varied despite increases in performance. We discuss implications based on the current findings and future directions for research.
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31
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Nastasi J, Simmons D, Gravina N. Has OBM Found Its Heart? An Assessment of Procedural Acceptability Trends in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01608061.2020.1853000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nastasi
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Davis Simmons
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Nicole Gravina
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
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32
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Nicolson AC, Lazo-Pearson JF, Shandy J. ABA Finding Its Heart During a Pandemic: An Exploration in Social Validity. Behav Anal Pract 2020; 13:757-766. [PMID: 33101602 PMCID: PMC7567003 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-020-00517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented practitioners of applied behavior analysis (ABA) with new and uncharted challenges. Upholding ethical responsibilities while navigating an international public health crisis has opened areas of uncertainty that have no precedent. Although there is general guidance on how to respond ethically from the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) in their publication specific to the COVID-19 crisis (BACB, 2020, March 29, Ethics Guidance for ABA Providers During COVID-19 Pandemic, retrieved from https://www.bacb.com/ethics-guidance-for-aba-providers-during-covid-19-pandemic-2/), there remains a huge responsibility on the individual practitioner to make potentially life-changing decisions. In that regard, practitioners are urged to ensure that they rely on socially significant and valid decision-making processes. The goal of this article is to provide an exercise in accounting for stakeholder feedback and connecting with patients and families regarding their input on the acceptability of treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The exercise is in the form of a structured parent interview to help practitioners account for the setting variables and social validity of treatment during a crisis. It is our ethical responsibility to remember this critical dimension of our science and practice.
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33
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Ricciardi JN, Rothschild AW, Driscoll NM, Crawley J, Wanganga J, Fofanah DA, Luiselli JK. Social validity assessment of behavior data recording among human services care providers. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Leaf JB, Cihon JH, Ferguson JL, Milne CM, Leaf R, McEachin J. Advances in Our Understanding of Behavioral Intervention: 1980 to 2020 for Individuals Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:4395-4410. [PMID: 32240487 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are three branches of science of behavior analysis [i.e., experimental analysis of behavior, behavior analysis, and applied behavior analysis (ABA)]. ABA can be defined as a systematic approach to understanding behavior of social interest. For the past 40 plus years, researchers have evaluated ABA and ABA based procedures (e.g., behavioral intervention) as they relate to individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have implemented behavioral intervention in clinical settings for individuals diagnosed with ASD. In this paper, we discuss some of the pivotal contributions in the field of ABA in research and clinical practice. Additionally, we provide recommendations for the science and clinical practice of behavioral intervention in the next 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Leaf
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA. .,Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph H Cihon
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA.,Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA
| | - Julia L Ferguson
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
| | - Christine M Milne
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA.,Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Leaf
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
| | - John McEachin
- Autism Partnership Foundation, 200 Marina Drive, Seal Beach, CA, 90740, USA
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