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Woldetsadik D, Sims DB, Garner MC, Hudson AC, Monk J, Braunersrither B, Adepa Sunshine WN, Warner-McRoy L, Vasani S. United States Grown and Imported Rice on Sale in Las Vegas: Metal(loid)s Composition and Geographic Origin Discrimination. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3829-3839. [PMID: 37952013 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of metal(loid)s, Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Sr, V and Zn, were determined in rice on sale in Las Vegas. The rice samples were grown in five different countries, the USA, Thailand, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The elemental concentrations in rice grain were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following hot block-assisted digestion. The accuracy of the laboratory procedure was verified by the analysis of rice flour standard reference material (NIST SRM 1568b). The mean metal(loid) contents in rice of various geographic origins were 3.18-5.91 mg kg-1 for Al, 0.05-0.12 mg kg-1 for As, 3.64-41 μg kg-1 for Cd, 5.11-12 μg kg-1 for Co, 0.12-0.14 mg kg-1 for Cr, 1.5-1.91 mg kg-1 for Cu, 3.04-4.98 mg kg-1 for Fe, 4.2-10.4 mg kg-1 for Mn, 0.21-0.41 mg kg-1 for Ni, 0.02-0.07 mg kg-1 for Se, 0.68-0.88 mg kg-1 for Sr, 3.64-5.26 μg kg-1 for V, and 16.6-19.9 mg kg-1 for Zn. respectively. The mean concentration of As in US rice was significantly higher than in Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi rice. On the other hand, it was found a significantly low mean level of Cd in US-grown rice. It was also found that the concentrations of metal(loid)s in black and brown rice on sale in Las Vegas were statistically similar, except for Mn and Se. The geographic origin traceability of rice grain involved the use of ICP-MS analysis coupled with chemometrics that allowed their differentiation based on the rice metal(loid) profile, thus confirming their origins. Data were processed by linear discriminant analysis, and US and Thai rice samples were cross-validated with higher accuracy (100%). This authentication quickly discriminates US rice from the other regions and adds verifiable food safety measures for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Woldetsadik
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
- College of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Joshua Monk
- College of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Mohanty M, Mohapatra S. Synergistic effect of PGPR and PSB for alleviation of chromium toxicity in Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1733-1742. [PMID: 36941766 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2189479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation depicts the individual and synergistic effects of two important plant growth promoting microbial groups viz. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) in alleviating the phytotoxic impacts of chromium in Vigna radiata (L) R. Wilczek (green gram) seedlings. Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatment caused a stiff decline of about 44%, 72%, 68%, and 49% reduction in root and shoot length as well as leaf number and leaf area respectively as compared to control after 90 d of exposure. However, combined amendment with PGPR and PSB causes a significant amelioration of Cr toxicity though doubling the shoot length and leaf area with a 4 times increase in root length and leaf number after 90 d of growth. Total chlorophyll synthesis showed a 68% reduction in Cr6+ (100 ppm) which was ameliorated by combined treatments of PGPR and PSB. It showed a 123% increased total chlorophyll content than Cr6+ (100 ppm) whereas individual application of PGPR and PSB showed a 46% and 27% increase respectively. Combined application of PGPR and PSB with a toxic dose of Cr showed significant boosting alleviation ability and indicates its ameliorative role for abatement of Cr-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Mohanty
- Department of Biotechnology, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sikha Mohapatra
- Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Infante EF, Dulfo CP, Dicen GP, Hseu ZY, Navarrete IA. Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment of chromium and nickel in paddy rice grown in serpentine soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17146-17157. [PMID: 33394442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The natural abundance of Cr and Ni in serpentine soils is well-known, but the food safety of rice grown in these hazardous paddy soils is poorly understood. The study evaluated the bioaccumulation of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in rice (Oryza sativa) grown in serpentine-derived paddy soils in the Philippines. Surface soil (0-20 cm) samples were collected and characterized across three (i.e., Masinloc, Candelaria, and Sta. Cruz) paddy areas in Luzon Island, Philippines. At least 3 to 4 whole rice plants at mature stage were uprooted manually in each sampling point where the soil samples were collected. The total Cr and Ni concentrations in rice (i.e., roots, shoots, and grains) and soil, soil physicochemical properties, bioaccumulation factor (BAF), translocation factor (TF), and the hazard quotients (HQ) were determined. Results revealed that Cr and Ni in rice were accumulated mostly in the roots. Although paddy soils had elevated total Cr and Ni concentrations, the BAF and soil-to-root TF values for Cr and Ni were < 1. In terms of human health risks, results further revealed low risk for both male and female Filipino adults as HQ values for Cr and Ni were < 1. While it is safe to consume rice grown in the area in terms of Cr and Ni dietary intake, more studies are necessary to understand the dynamics and bioavailability of these heavy metals in other crops and drinking water from tube wells in these areas in order to provide a more holistic human health-based assessments and to ensure consumer safety in serpentine areas. In addition, a more reliable data on Cr and Ni speciation in serpentine soils and crops is critically important. Further studies are also needed to understand the contribution of bioavailable heavy metals in improving the soil health to achieve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euclid F Infante
- College of Arts and Sciences, Don Honorio Ventura State University, Bacolor, 2001, Pampanga, Philippines
- Department of Environmental Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, 1108, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Cristine P Dulfo
- Department of Environmental Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, 1108, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Gerald P Dicen
- Agriculture Research Section, Atomic Research Division, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Zeng-Yei Hseu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ian A Navarrete
- Department of Environmental Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, 1108, Quezon City, Philippines.
- Department of Environmental Science, Southern Leyte State University-Hinunangan Campus, Ambacon, Hinunangan, 6608, Southern Leyte, Philippines.
- Center for Smallholder Horticulture and Agroforestry Research and Extension, Southern Leyte State University-Hinunangan Campus, Ambacon, Hinunangan, 6608, Southern Leyte, Philippines.
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Sharma S, Kaur I, Nagpal AK. Contamination of rice crop with potentially toxic elements and associated human health risks-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12282-12299. [PMID: 33410034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Production of rice, a major staple food crop, should be maintained both quantitatively and qualitatively to assure global food security. In recent decades, various natural (biogeochemical weathering of rocks) and anthropogenic (increased application of agrochemicals, solid and liquid waste discharges from domestic and industrial areas, vehicular pollution, etc.) activities have deteriorated soil and water resources by contributing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) to the environment. Shortage of land resources and requirements of the ever-increasing human population has led to increasing global trend of rice cultivation in contaminated soils, causing accumulation of various PTEs such as arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in rice crop, especially in the grains. Rice plants uptake and accumulate PTEs leading to their entry into the food chain. Consumption of rice contaminated with PTEs disturbs the human metabolism as PTEs interfere with different physiological/molecular mechanisms causing various health problems such as weak bones; skin problems; respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, reproductive, and hepatic disorders; and cancer. Possible non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks have been determined in some studies by following the guidelines provided by various governmental or non-governmental agencies. Considering these facts, the present study was conducted to give a broader perspective on rice contamination with various potentially toxic elements, their bioconcentration in rice, associated health risks in human beings, and strategies for bioremediation of soil and water resources to eliminate PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Botany, DAV College, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Inderpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies-UGC, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Naz A, Chowdhury A, Chandra R, Mishra BK. Potential human health hazard due to bioavailable heavy metal exposure via consumption of plants with ethnobotanical usage at the largest chromite mine of India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:4213-4231. [PMID: 32495026 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Usage of native plant species for traditional medicine or nutritional supplement is a popular practice among various cultures. But consumption of plants growing on polluted soil can cause serious human health hazard due to bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals. Present study deals with the ecological and human health impact of heavy metals, in six native plant species with ethnobotanical significance growing at the largest chromite mine of India. Exchangeable, oxidizable, reducible and residual fractions of the metals in plant rhizosphere were analyzed. Only 2-6% of total Cr (270-330 mg/kg) and Ni (150-190 mg/kg) at the mining site is bioavailable. Cd showed highest bioavailability (~ 60%) in mining site posing very high ecological risk (1055-5291) followed by Ni (1297-2124) and Cr (309-1105). The heavy metals in the shoot of the targeted plants were about 0.7 to 80 times higher than the standard limit as per Indian statutory body. The total hazard quotient (THQ) by the consumption of plants growing in mining region was very high (> 1) and varied from 2.6 to 5.9 in adult and 0.6-1.3 in children, while in non-mining region the THQ of same plants indicates low risk (< 1). This study indicates THQ (adult) in the order of, Euphorbia hirta (5.9) > Calotropis procera (4.9) > Argemone mexicana (3.6) > Vernonia cinerea (3.5) > Pteridium latiusculum (3.4) > Tridax procumbens (2.6) through consumption pathway growing in mine soil. This study concludes that consumption of plants growing in heavy metal polluted soil should be avoided due to their potential health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Naz
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826007, India
| | - Abhiroop Chowdhury
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
- Jindal School of Environment & Sustainability, O. P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat Narela Road, Sonipat, Haryana, 131001, India.
| | - Rachna Chandra
- Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE), P.O. 83, Opp. Changleshwar Temple, Mundra Road, Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, 370001, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826007, India
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Kullu B, Patra DK, Acharya S, Pradhan C, Patra HK. AM fungi mediated bioaccumulation of hexavalent chromium in Brachiaria mutica-a mycorrhizal phytoremediation approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127337. [PMID: 32947656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was designed to evaluate the roles of Rhizophagus irregularis on chlorophyll fluorescence and chromium bioaccumulation in a grass species (Brachiaria mutica) by supplementing Cr+6 at different concentrations. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) association facilitated lessening of chromium level in contaminated soil and enhanced chromium bioavailability in Brachiaria mutica. The mycorrhizal inoculated increased the chlorophyll (0.925 mg/g), carotenoid (0.127 mg/g), protein (2.883 mg/g), proline (0.889 mg/g) contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase. The mycorrhizal inoculated plants also showed enhanced overall photosynthetic performance (PIϕ = 2.473) and enhanced PS-II to PS-I electron transport as evident from yield parameter (0.712) and TR0/RC (2.419) for 60 mg/kg Cr+6 treatment. The observations suggest that AMF association could defend the plants from chromium stress by elevating the number of antioxidants in plants. Rhizophagus irregularis was found to maintain a successful symbiotic relationship with Brachiaria mutica in chromium contaminated soil. The observations recommended that Rhizophagus irregularis in association with Brachiaria mutica would be an innovative approach for decontamination of Cr+6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Kullu
- Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Patra
- Department of Botany, Nimapara Autonomous College, Nimapara, Puri, 752106, Odisha, India
| | - Srinivas Acharya
- Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Chinmay Pradhan
- Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India.
| | - Hemanta Kumar Patra
- Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
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Patra DK, Pradhan C, Kumar J, Patra HK. Assessment of chromium phytotoxicity, phytoremediation and tolerance potential of Sesbania sesban and Brachiaria mutica grown on chromite mine overburden dumps and garden soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126553. [PMID: 32217406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of toxic chromium in agrarian soils from mine overburden dump is of serious concern. To combat the toxicity of chromium an experiment was carried out at the Department of Botany, Utkal University, India by taking the chromium rich overburden dump (OBD) from Sukinda chromite mine, India. Different proportions of chromium rich OBD (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70% and 100% OBD) were supplied to garden soil and plants of legume and non-legume categories (Sesbania sesban L. and Brachiaria mutica L.) were grown for assessment of phytoaccumulation ability of chromium, tolerance index, chlorophyll, protein and proline and the activity of oxidative inhibitors enzymes. After 60 days of experimentation, Cr phytotoxicity on physiological and biochemical parameters were assessed. The outcome of the results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes enhanced considerably in roots as compared to shoots with enhancing concentration of chromium. To compare the phytoaccumulation ability, the tolerance index (TI), bio-concentration factor (BCF) and transportation index (Ti) were measured in two different species. The results showed that at 100% OBD the TI, BCF and Ti of S. sesban have 22.30, 0.45 and 71.06 and B. mutica have 20.83, 0.43 and 42.45 respectively. The result showed that S. sesban not only had the highest bioaccumulation capacity of chromium but also have high tolerance index and transportation index as compared to B. mutica. Hence S. sesban can be recommended for phytostabilization programme to alleviate toxic chromium from chromite overburden mining sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jagdish Kumar
- Post-Graduate Department of Physics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Mohanty M, Kumar Patra H. Phytoassessment of in situ weed diversity for their chromium distribution pattern and accumulation indices of abundant weeds at South Kaliapani chromite mining area with their phytoremediation prospective. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110399. [PMID: 32146196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Release of huge quantities of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) owing to its widespread use in several industrial and mining activities is a major environmental concern in 21st century. The present in situ vegetation analysis at three study sites gives insight on Cr hyperaccumulation potentiality which evaluates the phytoremediation ability of abundant native weeds growing in and around the Cr contaminated effluent discharge site at South Kaliapani chromite mine area, Odisha, India. Moreover, the study measure the relative bioconcentration of chromium in different plant parts with analysis of uptake related phytoremediation indices viz. Bioconcentration factor (BCF), Transportation index (Ti), Translocation factor (TF) and Metal Extraction Ratio (MER) to assess hyperaccumulation potentiality. Vegetation study near mine effluent discharge site (Site-1) reported maximum abundance for Diectomis fastigiata (8.25) followed by Vernonia cinerea (7.6) with Ti values 56 and 657 respectively. In site-2 (uncultivated barren land near site-1), Croton sparsiflorus showed maximum abundance (6.7) followed by Tephrosia purpurea (5.8) with Ti values 95.2 and 87.8 respectively whereas Kyllinga monocephala reported maximum abundance (6.1) followed by Fern sps. (5.9) with Ti values 62.4 and 81.1 respectively in site-3 (a swampy land flooded with chemically treated mine waste effluent). The highest Cr concentrations was recorded in roots of Diectomis fastigiata (2371 mg/kg dry matter) and shoot of Vernonia cinerea (5500 mg/kg dry matter) indicating their Cr phytoremediation potential. Moreover, the study provides the early indicative tools for detecting native Cr hyperaccumulators growing in an in situ environment with an in situ phytoremediation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Mohanty
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, 022, Odisha, India; Department of Botany, Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 004, Odisha, India.
| | - Hemanta Kumar Patra
- UGC Emeritus Professor, Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 004, Odisha, India.
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Patra DK, Pradhan C, Patra HK. Chromium bioaccumulation, oxidative stress metabolism and oil content in lemon grass Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson grown in chromium rich over burden soil of Sukinda chromite mine, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:1082-1088. [PMID: 30609487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lemon grass plants grown in Cr rich over burden soil of Sukinda chromite mine (India) countered Cr toxicity and oxidative stress with the production of reactive oxygen species and induced antioxidative defense system. Varied percentage of Cr rich over burden soil was applied to lemon grass pants to evaluate the actions of oxidative inhibitors enzymes extracted and assayed from both roots and shoots. The study also assessed the oil content and its composition in response to the different percentage of Cr available in over burden soil. In order to evaluate the defense system of a plant against oxidative stress and determine the level of reactive oxygen species, the experiments were undertaken in the presence and absence of Cr in soils. The results indicated that the action of oxidative inhibitor enzymes increased significantly in roots as compared to shoots with increasing concentration of Cr in overburden soil. Higher concentration of Cr in soils inhibited the enzyme activity both in roots and shoots. The level of ROS in plants also enhanced with the increase in the concentration of Cr in the soil. In order to control the oxidative damage in plants, lemon grass can be considered defensive in nature to build up the antioxidant system which can scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Patra
- Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India
| | - Chinmay Pradhan
- Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India.
| | - Hemanta Kumar Patra
- Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India
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Sharma S, Nagpal AK, Kaur I. Heavy metal contamination in soil, food crops and associated health risks for residents of Ropar wetland, Punjab, India and its environs. Food Chem 2018; 255:15-22. [PMID: 29571461 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an assessment of heavy metal content in soil and food crops (wheat, rice, maize grains and mustard seeds) and associated health risks was carried out for residents of Ropar wetland and its environs. All the soil samples had high cadmium and cobalt contents, whereas, all crop samples had high contents of cobalt and lead. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) analysis indicated that rice grains act as hyper-accumulators of chromium (BCF = 17.98) and copper (BCF = 10.91), whereas, maize grains act as hyper-accumulators of copper (BCF = 30.43). One-way ANOVA suggested that heavy metal content in food crops varied significantly at p ≤ 0.05 for different sites, indicating anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals in agricultural fields. Dietary intake of cobalt via all food crops posed higher non-cancer health risk to residents in comparison to other heavy metals. Chromium posed highest cancer risk through consumption of wheat grains, being staple diet in study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Inderpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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Galey ML, van der Ent A, Iqbal MCM, Rajakaruna N. Ultramafic geoecology of South and Southeast Asia. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:18. [PMID: 28510201 PMCID: PMC5432931 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Globally, ultramafic outcrops are renowned for hosting floras with high levels of endemism, including plants with specialised adaptations such as nickel or manganese hyperaccumulation. Soils derived from ultramafic regoliths are generally nutrient-deficient, have major cation imbalances, and have concomitant high concentrations of potentially phytotoxic trace elements, especially nickel. The South and Southeast Asian region has the largest surface occurrences of ultramafic regoliths in the world, but the geoecology of these outcrops is still poorly studied despite severe conservation threats. Due to the paucity of systematic plant collections in many areas and the lack of georeferenced herbarium records and databased information, it is not possible to determine the distribution of species, levels of endemism, and the species most threatened. However, site-specific studies provide insights to the ultramafic geoecology of several locations in South and Southeast Asia. The geoecology of tropical ultramafic regions differs substantially from those in temperate regions in that the vegetation at lower elevations is generally tall forest with relatively low levels of endemism. On ultramafic mountaintops, where the combined forces of edaphic and climatic factors intersect, obligate ultramafic species and hyperendemics often occur. Forest clearing, agricultural development, mining, and climate change-related stressors have contributed to rapid and unprecedented loss of ultramafic-associated habitats in the region. The geoecology of the large ultramafic outcrops of Indonesia's Sulawesi, Obi and Halmahera, and many other smaller outcrops in South and Southeast Asia, remains largely unexplored, and should be prioritised for study and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Galey
- Center for Water and Environment, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55811 USA
| | - A. van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine-INRA, UMR 1120, Nancy, France
| | - M. C. M. Iqbal
- Plant Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, 20000 Sri Lanka
| | - N. Rajakaruna
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
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12
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Determination of selected metals in rice and cereal by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Shao Y, Chen Y, Liu J, Wu P, Ying Y, Xie J. ICP-MS Determination of Potential Toxic Elements in Soil and Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Related Health Risk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Heavy Metal Contamination in Rice-Producing Soils of Hunan Province, China and Potential Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:15584-93. [PMID: 26670240 PMCID: PMC4690941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Hg in three agricultural areas of Hunan province and determined the potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for residents. Soil and brown rice samples from Shimen, Fenghuang, and Xiangtan counties were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Soil levels of Cd and Hg were greatest, followed by As and Ni. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in brown rice were Cd 0.325, Cr 0.109, As 0.344, Ni 0.610, Mn 9.03, Pb 0.023, and Hg 0.071 mg/kg, respectively. Cd and Hg had greater transfer ability from soil to rice than the other elements. Daily intake of heavy metals through brown rice consumption were estimated to be Cd 2.30, Cr 0.775, As 2.45, Ni 4.32, Pb 0.162, Mn 64.6 and Hg 0.503 µg/(kg·day), respectively. Cd, Hg and As Hazard Quotient values were greater than 1 and Cd, Cr, As and Ni Cancer Risk values were all greater than 10(-4). The total non-carcinogenic risk factor was 14.6 and the total carcinogenic risk factor was 0.0423. Long-term exposure to heavy metals through brown rice consumption poses both potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to the local residents.
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Mishra S, Mohanty M, Pradhan C, Patra HK, Das R, Sahoo S. Physico-chemical assessment of paper mill effluent and its heavy metal remediation using aquatic macrophytes--a case study at JK Paper mill, Rayagada, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:4347-4359. [PMID: 22993029 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation aims to assess the phytoremediation potential of six aquatic macrophytes, viz. Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Jussiaea repens, Lemna minor, Pistia stratiotes and Trapa natans grown in paper mill effluent of JK Paper mill of Rayagada, Orissa, for remediation of heavy metals. The experiment was designed in pot culture experiments. Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of paper mill effluent showed significant decrease in pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chlorine, sulphur, biological and chemical oxygen demand after growth of macrophytes for 20 days. Phytoremediation ability of these aquatic macrophytic species for copper (Cu) and mercury (Hg) was indicated by assessing the decrease in the levels of heavy metals from effluent water. Maximum reduction (66.5 %) in Hg content of untreated paper mill effluent was observed using L. minor followed by T. natans (64.8 %). L. minor showed highest reduction (71.4 %) of Cu content from effluent water followed by E. crassipes (63.6 %). Phytoextraction potential of L. minor was remarkable for Hg and Cu, and bioaccumulation was evident from bioconcentration factor values, i.e. 0.59 and 0.70, respectively. The present phytoremediation approach was considered more effective than conventional chemical treatment method for removing toxic contaminants from paper mill effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayamprabha Mishra
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004 Orissa, India
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Eybe T, Audinot JN, Udelhoven T, Lentzen E, El Adib B, Ziebel J, Hoffmann L, Bohn T. Determination of oral uptake and biodistribution of platinum and chromium by the garden snail (Helix aspersa) employing nano-secondary ion mass-spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1829-1838. [PMID: 23062942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heavy metal contamination is a case of concern for both animal and human health. Studying the fate of metals in plant or animal tissues may provide information on pollution. In the present study, we investigated the possibility to follow the biological fate of chromium and platinum uptake in common garden snails (Helix aspersa), typically accumulating high concentrations of metals from their environment. Chromium and platinum were administered orally to snails in 5 groups (n=25/group): control, food contaminated by ca. 2.5 μg g(-1) and 19 μg g(-1) chromium and 2.5 μg g(-1) and 25 μg g(-1) platinum, for 8 weeks. Following exposure, surviving snails were sacrificed, shell and remaining tissue investigated by ICP-MS, and shell, midgut gland and mantle by nano-secondary ion mass-spectrometry (Nano-SIMS). (12)C(14)N-normalized platinum and (40)Ca-normalized chromium measurements indicated highest enrichments in cellular vesicles of the midgut gland, and lower concentrations in mantle and shell, with significantly higher platinum and chromium concentrations in the 2 exposure groups vs. control (P<0.05), with somewhat differing distribution patterns for chromium and platinum. Comparable results were obtained by ICP-MS, with both chromium and platinum fed snails showing drastically elevated concentrations of metals in shell (up to 78 and 122 μg g(-1) dw platinum and chromium, respectively) and in other tissues (up to 200 and 1125 μg g(-1) dw platinum and chromium, respectively). Nano-SIMS allowed for semi-quantitative comparison of metal fate in snail tissues, making this an interesting technique for future studies in the area of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eybe
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Environment and Agro-biotechnologies Department, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Mohanty M, Patra HK. Phytoremediation potential of paragrass--an in situ approach for chromium contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2012; 14:796-805. [PMID: 22908645 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.619595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present in situ phytoextraction approach uses paragrass (Brachiaria mutica (Forssk) Stapf) as a hyper accumulator for attenuation of chromium level in soil and mine waste water at South Kaliapani chromite mine area of Orissa. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for Cr was maximum (0.334) in 100 days grown paragrass weeds. Transportation index (Ti) i.e. 6.16 and total accumulation rate (TAR) i.e. 8.2 mg kg(-1)day(-1) was maximum in 125 days old paragrass grown in Cr contaminated experimental cultivated plots. Cr bioaccumulation in roots was nearly 1000 times more than shoots. Paragrass showed luxuriant growth with massive fibrous roots when grown over Cr contaminated soils (11,170 mg/ kg dry soil). Cr bioaccumulation varies significantly with plant age, biomass and level of Cr contamination in irrigated mine waste water and soil. Paragrass could be used as hyperaccumulators as it showed rapid massive growth with a high tolerance to Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Mohanty
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
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