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de Lavor TS, Teixeira MHS, de Matos PA, Lino RC, Silva CMF, do Carmo MEG, Beletti ME, Patrocinio AOT, de Oliveira Júnior RJ, Tsubone TM. The impact of biomolecule interactions on the cytotoxic effects of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112600. [PMID: 38759261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Rhenium complexes show great promise as anticancer drug candidates. Specifically, compounds with a Re(CO)3(NN)(py)+ core in their architecture have shown cytotoxicity equal to or greater than that of well-established anticancer drugs based on platinum or organic molecules. This study aimed to evaluate how the strength of the interaction between rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(py)]+, NN = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), dipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline (dpq) or dipyrido[3,2-a:2'3'-c]phenazine (dppz) and biomolecules (protein, lipid and DNA) impacted the corresponding cytotoxic effect in cells. Results showed that fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ has higher Log Po/w and binding constant (Kb) with biomolecules (protein, lipid and DNA) compared to complexes of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(py)]+ and fac-[Re(CO)3(dpq)(py)]+. As consequence, fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ exhibited the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 = 8.5 μM for HeLa cells) for fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ among the studied compounds (IC50 > 15 μM). This highest cytotoxicity of fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ are probably related to its lipophilicity, higher permeation of the lipid bilayers of cells, and a more potent interaction of the dppz ligand with biomolecules (protein and DNA). Our findings open novel avenues for rational drug design and highlight the importance of considering the chemical structures of rhenium complexes that strongly interact with biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and DNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayná Saraiva de Lavor
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Fototerapia e Biomoléculas (LIFeBio), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Alves de Matos
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Fototerapia e Biomoléculas (LIFeBio), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Campos Lino
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Biotecnologia (IBTEC), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clara Maria Faria Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Biotecnologia (IBTEC), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Eduardo Gomes do Carmo
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Emílio Beletti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio Otavio T Patrocinio
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson José de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Biotecnologia (IBTEC), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Tayana Mazin Tsubone
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Fototerapia e Biomoléculas (LIFeBio), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Zinman PS, Welsh A, Omondi RO, Khan S, Prince S, Nordlander E, Smith GS. Aminoquinoline-based Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes: Insights into their antiproliferative activity and mechanisms of action. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116094. [PMID: 38219660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to develop new potent anticancer agents, two Schiff base rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes, containing the ubiquitous aminoquinoline scaffold, were synthesized. Both aminoquinoline ligands and Re(I) complexes showed adequate stability over a 48-h incubation period. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of the precursor ligands and rhenium(I) complexes were evaluated against the hormone-dependent MCF-7 and hormone-independent triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Inclusion of the [Re(CO)3Cl]+ entity significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of the aminoquinoline Schiff base ligands against the tested cancer cell lines. Remarkably, the incorporation of the Schiff-base iminoquinolyl entity notably enhanced the cytotoxic activity of the Re(I) complexes, in comparison with the iminopyridyl entity. Notably, the quinolyl-substituted complex showed up to three-fold higher activity than cisplatin against breast cancer cell lines, underpinning the significance of the quinoline pharmacophore in rational drug design. In addition, the most active Re(I) complex showed better selectivity towards the breast cancer cells over non-tumorigenic FG-0 cells. Western blotting revealed that the complexes increased levels of γH2AX, a key DNA damage response protein. Moreover, apoptosis was confirmed in both cell lines due to the detection of cleaved PARP. The complexes show favourable binding affinities towards both calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the order of their interactions align with their cytotoxic effects. The in silico molecular simulations of the complexes were also performed with CT-DNA and BSA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige S Zinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Athi Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Reinner O Omondi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Science, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Science, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Ebbe Nordlander
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
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Althobaiti F, Sahyon HA, Shanab MMAH, Aldhahrani A, Helal MA, Khireldin A, Shoair AGF, Almalki ASA, Fathy AM. A comparative study of novel ruthenium(III) and iron(III) complexes containing uracil; docking and biological studies. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112308. [PMID: 37441923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Structural and biological studies were conducted on the novel complexes [Fe(U)2(H2O)2]Cl3 (FeU) and [Ru(U)2(H2O)2]Cl3 (RuU) (U = 5,6-Diamino-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione) to develop an anticancer drug candidate. The two complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Based on our findings, these complexes have octahedral geometry. The DNA-binding study proved that both complexes coordinated with CT-DNA. The docking study confirmed the potency of both complexes in downregulating the topoisomerase I protein through their high binding affinity. Biological studies have established that both complexes can act as potent anticancer agents against three cancer cell lines. RuU or FeU complexes induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by increasing caspase9 protein and inhibiting proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) activity. In addition, both complexes down-regulate topoisomerase I expression in breast cancer cells. Therefore, the RuU and FeU complexes' anticancer activities were mediated via both apoptosis induction and topoisomerase I down-regulation. In conclusion, both complexes have dual anticancer activity pathways that may be responsible for the selective cytotoxicity of the complexes. This makes them more suitable for the development of novel cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Althobaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Heba A Sahyon
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Mai M A H Shanab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities Studies (Girls section), Hawtat Bani Tamim 11149, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box:13, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marihan A Helal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Awad Khireldin
- Air transport management, Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT), Singapore.
| | - Abdel Ghany F Shoair
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, postcode 21975, Taif University, Saudi Arabia; High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Ahmed M Fathy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Ma XR, Lu JJ, Huang B, Lu XY, Li RT, Ye RR. Heteronuclear Ru(II)-Re(I) complexes as potential photodynamic anticancer agents with anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112090. [PMID: 36543061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, three heterometallic Ru(II)-Re(I) complexes, [Ru(NN)2(tpphz)Re(CO)3Cl](PF6)2 (N-N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, in RuRe1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in RuRe2), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in RuRe3), tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3″,2″-h:2″',3″'-j]phenazine), using tpphz as a bridging ligand to connect Ru(II) polypyridyl moiety and Re(I) tricarbonyl moiety were designed and synthesized. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that RuRe1-3 exhibited high phototoxicities against several cancer cell lines tested, with IC50 values ranging from 0.8 to 6.8 μM. Notably, RuRe2 exhibited the most significant increase in cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer (PC3) cells under light (450 nm) irradiation, with phototoxicity index (PI) value increasing by >112.3-fold. Further mechanistic studies of RuRe2 revealed that RuRe2-mediated PDT could induce tumor cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, RuRe2-mediated PDT could inhibit PC3 cell scratch healing and reduce the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR2. Finally, angiogenic activity assays performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that RuRe2 exerted an anti-angiogenesis effect. Our study demonstrated that RuRe1-3 were promising PDT antitumor agents with potential anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Xing-Yun Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Ameliorative Effects of a Rhenium (V) Compound with Uracil-Derived Ligand Markers Associated with Hyperglycaemia-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Prediabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315400. [PMID: 36499723 PMCID: PMC9739195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is characterised by the improper functioning of the kidney as a result of kidney damage caused by hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress. The moderate hyperglycaemia seen in prediabetes can be treated using a combination of metformin and lifestyle interventions (low-calorie diets and exercising). However, patients have been reported to over-rely on pharmacological interventions, thus decreasing the efficacy of metformin, which leads to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the effects of a rhenium (V) compound in ameliorating renal dysfunction in both the presence and absence of dietary modification. Kidney function parameters, such as fluid intake and urine output, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), kidney injury molecule (KIM 1), creatinine, urea, albumin and electrolytes, were measured after 12 weeks of treatment. After treatment with the rhenium (V) compound, kidney function was restored, as evidenced by increased GRF and reduced KIM 1, podocin and aldosterone. The rhenium (V) compound ameliorated kidney function by preventing hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress in the kidney in both the presence and absence of dietary modification.
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Chalcogenolato-bridged rhenium(I)-based ester functionalized flexible dinuclear metallacrown ethers: Cation binding, molecular recognition and docking studies. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sharma S. A, N. V, Kar B, Das U, Paira P. Target-specific mononuclear and binuclear rhenium( i) tricarbonyl complexes as upcoming anticancer drugs. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20264-20295. [PMID: 35919594 PMCID: PMC9281374 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes have gradually been attracting interest from researchers worldwide as potential cancer therapeutics. Driven by the many side effects of the popular platinum-based anticancer drug cisplatin, the tireless endeavours of researchers have afforded strategies for the design of appropriate metal complexes with minimal side effects compared to cisplatin and its congeners to limit the unrestricted propagation of cancer. In this regard, transition metal complexes, especially rhenium-based complexes are being identified and highlighted as promising cancer theranostics, which are endowed with the ability to detect and annihilate cancer cells in the body. This is attributed the amazing photophysical properties of rhenium complexes together with their ability to selectively attack different organelles in cancer cells. Therefore, this review presents the properties of different rhenium-based complexes to highlight their recent advances as anticancer agents based on their cytotoxicity results. In this review, rhenium-based complexes are highlighted as promising cancer theranostics, which are endowed with the ability to detect and annihilate cancer cells in the body.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma S.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaibhavi N.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ng SW, Tse SY, Yeung CF, Chung LH, Tse MK, Yiu SM, Wong CY. Ru(II)- and Os(II)-Induced Cycloisomerization of Phenol-Tethered Alkyne for Functional Chromene and Chromone Complexes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Wing Ng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sheung-Ying Tse
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi-Fung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lai-Hon Chung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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Pan ZY, Cai DH, He L. Dinuclear phosphorescent rhenium(i) complexes as potential anticancer and photodynamic therapy agents. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11583-11590. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02424d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two dinuclear organometallic Re(i) complexes increase intracellular ROS levels, causing lysosomal dysfunction and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yin Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Dai-Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
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