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Wang J, Ma Y, Tang L, Li D, Xie J, Sun Y, Tian Y. Long-Term Exposure to Low Concentrations of Ambient Benzene and Mortality in a National English Cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:987-994. [PMID: 38128545 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1440oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Benzene affects human health through environmental exposure in addition to occupational contact. However, few studies have examined the associations between long-term exposure to low concentrations of ambient benzene and mortality risks in nonoccupational settings.Methods: This prospective cohort study consists of 393,042 participants without stroke, myocardial infarction, or cancer at baseline from the UK Biobank. Annual average concentrations of benzene for each year during follow-up were measured using air dispersion models. The main outcomes were all-cause mortality and mortality from specific causes. Cox proportional-hazards models with time-varying exposure measurements were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risks. Restricted cubic spline models were used to estimate exposure-response relationships.Measurements and Main Results: With each interquartile range increase in the average annual concentration of benzene, the adjusted hazard ratios of mortality risk from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.24-1.27), 1.24 (95% CI, 1.21-1.28), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.25-1.29), and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.20-1.30), respectively. The monotonically increasing exposure-response curves showed no threshold and plateau within the observed concentration range. Furthermore, the effect of benzene exposure on mortality persisted across different subgroups and was somewhat stronger in younger and White people (P for interaction < 0.05).Conclusions: Long-term exposure to low concentrations of ambient benzene significantly increases mortality risk in the general population. Ambient benzene represents a potential threat to public health, and further investigations are needed to support timely pollution regulation and health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Yudiyang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Linxi Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Dankang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Junqing Xie
- Center for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang Z, Li P, Lin D, Wang D, Zhang Y. Proteome analysis of the potential serum biomarkers for chronic benzene poisoning. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:157-164. [PMID: 29729575 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study is to seek novel specific biomarkers which could provide clues to the mechanism of chronic benzene poisoning (CBP) and might also be used as specific markers for early detection and diagnosis. In this study, a comparative serological proteome analysis between normal controls and CBP patients at three different levels of poisoning were performed via a 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF-MS. As the result a total of 10 proteins were found significantly altered between the normal and the mild, moderate and severe poisoning. The identified differentially expressed proteins were classified according to their molecular functions, biological processes, and protein classes, and three important serum proteins among them, apolipoproteinA-1, alpha-1-antitrypsin and complement C3, were further confirmed by immune turbidimetric analysis for their significant up-regulation in the CBP patients. Our findings suggest that these differential proteins may help elucidate the mechanism of CBP and provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Peimao Li
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Dafeng Lin
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Dias D, Tchepel O. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics in Air Pollution Exposure Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E558. [PMID: 29558426 PMCID: PMC5877103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing individual exposure in urban areas offers several challenges where both the individual's activities and air pollution levels demonstrate a large degree of spatial and temporal dynamics. This review article discusses the concepts, key elements, current developments in assessing personal exposure to urban air pollution (seventy-two studies reviewed) and respective advantages and disadvantages. A new conceptual structure to organize personal exposure assessment methods is proposed according to two classification criteria: (i) spatial-temporal variations of individuals' activities (point-fixed or trajectory based) and (ii) characterization of air quality (variable or uniform). This review suggests that the spatial and temporal variability of urban air pollution levels in combination with indoor exposures and individual's time-activity patterns are key elements of personal exposure assessment. In the literature review, the majority of revised studies (44 studies) indicate that the trajectory based with variable air quality approach provides a promising framework for tackling the important question of inter- and intra-variability of individual exposure. However, future quantitative comparison between the different approaches should be performed, and the selection of the most appropriate approach for exposure quantification should take into account the purpose of the health study. This review provides a structured basis for the intercomparing of different methodologies and to make their advantages and limitations more transparent in addressing specific research objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dias
- Department of Civil Engineering, CITTA, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Polo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Oxana Tchepel
- Department of Civil Engineering, CITTA, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Polo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Matz CJ, Stieb DM, Egyed M, Brion O, Johnson M. Evaluation of daily time spent in transportation and traffic-influenced microenvironments by urban Canadians. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2018; 11:209-220. [PMID: 29568337 PMCID: PMC5847121 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-017-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic and traffic-related air pollution is associated with a wide array of health effects. Time spent in a vehicle, in active transportation, along roadsides, and in close proximity to traffic can substantially contribute to daily exposure to air pollutants. For this study, we evaluated daily time spent in transportation and traffic-influenced microenvironments by urban Canadians using the Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey (CHAPS) 2 results. Approximately 4-7% of daily time was spent in on- or near-road locations, mainly associated with being in a vehicle and smaller contributions from active transportation. Indoor microenvironments can be impacted by traffic emissions, especially when located near major roadways. Over 60% of the target population reported living within one block of a roadway with moderate to heavy traffic, which was variable with income level and city, and confirmed based on elevated NO2 exposure estimated using land use regression. Furthermore, over 55% of the target population ≤ 18 years reported attending a school or daycare in close proximity to moderate to heavy traffic, and little variation was observed based on income or city. The results underline the importance of traffic emissions as a major source of exposure in Canadian urban centers, given the time spent in traffic-influenced microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlyn J. Matz
- Air Health Effects Assessment Division, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave W, PL 4903C, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - David M. Stieb
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, 445-757 West Hasting St., Federal Tower, Vancouver, BC V6C 1A1 Canada
| | - Marika Egyed
- Air Health Effects Assessment Division, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave W, PL 4903C, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Orly Brion
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, 101 Tunney’s Pasture Dr., PL 0201A, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Markey Johnson
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave W, PL 4903C, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
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Oliveri Conti G, Heibati B, Kloog I, Fiore M, Ferrante M. A review of AirQ Models and their applications for forecasting the air pollution health outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6426-6445. [PMID: 28054264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Even though clean air is considered as a basic requirement for the maintenance of human health, air pollution continues to pose a significant health threat in developed and developing countries alike. Monitoring and modeling of classic and emerging pollutants is vital to our knowledge of health outcomes in exposed subjects and to our ability to predict them. The ability to anticipate and manage changes in atmospheric pollutant concentrations relies on an accurate representation of the chemical state of the atmosphere. The task of providing the best possible analysis of air pollution thus requires efficient computational tools enabling efficient integration of observational data into models. A number of air quality models have been developed and play an important role in air quality management. Even though a large number of air quality models have been discussed or applied, their heterogeneity makes it difficult to select one approach above the others. This paper provides a brief review on air quality models with respect to several aspects such as prediction of health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Behzad Heibati
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Williams PRD, Mani A. Benzene Exposures and Risk Potential for Vehicle Mechanics from Gasoline and Petroleum-Derived Products. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2015; 18:371-399. [PMID: 26514691 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2015.1088810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzene exposures among vehicle mechanics in the United States and abroad were characterized using available data from published and unpublished studies. In the United States, the time-weighted-average (TWA) airborne concentration of benzene for vehicle mechanics averaged 0.01-0.05 ppm since at least the late 1970s, with maximal TWA concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.38 ppm. Benzene exposures were notably lower in the summer than winter and in the Southwest compared to other geographic regions, but significantly higher during known gasoline-related tasks such as draining a gas tank or changing a fuel pump or fuel filter. Measured airborne concentrations of benzene were also generally greater for vehicle mechanics in other countries, likely due to the higher benzene content of gasoline and other factors. Short-term airborne concentrations of benzene frequently exceeded 1 ppm during gasoline-related tasks, but remained below 0.2 ppm for tasks involving other petroleum-derived products such as carburetor and brake cleaner or parts washer solvent. Application of a two-zone mathematical model using reasonable input values from the literature yielded predicted task-based benzene concentrations during gasoline and aerosol spray cleaner scenarios similar to those measured for vehicle mechanics during these types of tasks. When evaluated using appropriate biomarkers, dermal exposures were found to contribute little to total benzene exposures for this occupational group. Available data suggest that vehicle mechanics have not experienced significant exposures to benzene in the workplace, except perhaps during short-duration gasoline-related tasks, and full-shift benzene exposures have remained well below current and contemporaneous occupational exposure limits. These findings are consistent with epidemiology studies of vehicle mechanics, which have not demonstrated an increased risk of benzene-induced health effects in this cohort of workers. Data and information presented here may be used to assess past, current, or future exposures and risks to benzene for vehicle mechanics who may be exposed to gasoline or other petroleum-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashutosh Mani
- b Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
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7
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Zhang J, Tan K, Meng X, Yang W, Wei H, Sun R, Yin L, Pu Y. Overexpression of G6PD and HSP90 Beta in Mice with Benzene Exposure Revealed by Serum Peptidome Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11241-53. [PMID: 26378550 PMCID: PMC4586672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The small peptides representation of the original proteins are a valuable source of information that can be used as biomarkers involved in toxicity mechanism for chemical exposure. The aim of this study is to investigate serum peptide biomarkers of benzene exposure. C57BL/6 mice were enrolled into control group and benzene groups of 150 and 300 mg/kg/d Serum peptides were identified by mass spectrometry using an assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MS). Differential peptide spectra were obtained by tandem mass spectrometry and analyzed by searching the International Protein Index using the Sequest program. Forty-one peptide peaks were found in the range of 1000-10,000 Da molecular weight. Among them, seven peaks showed significantly different expression between exposure groups and control group. Two peptide peaks (1231.2 and 1241.8), which showed a two-fold increase in expression, were sequenced and confirmed as glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and heat shock protein 90 Beta (HSP90 Beta), respectively. Furthermore, the expression of the two proteins in liver cells showed the same trend as in serum. In conclusion, G6PD and HSP90 beta might be the candidate serum biomarkers of benzene exposure. It also provided possible clues for the molecular mechanism of benzene-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Kehong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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