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Santos HDAGD, Kitamura RSA, Soares GDCB, Dos Santos MP, Miranda LPDS, Mela M, Vitule JRS, Grassi MT, Cestari MM, Padial AA, Silva de Assis HC. Assessing the water quality in a World Heritage Site using biomarkers in top fish predators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172072. [PMID: 38575033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in fish for biomonitoring is a valuable approach to reveal effects of human impacts on biota health. Top predator fish are effective models for monitoring human activities' impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The Guaraguaçu River is the largest river-system on coastal region of South Brazil and a World Heritage site. The river receives contaminants from disorderly urban growth, including discharges of domestic sewage and small fishery boats, particularly during the tourist season. Our study aimed to assess impact of anthropogenic activities on water quality in the Guaraguaçu River by analyzing environmental contamination biomarkers in the top fish predator Hoplias malabaricus. Fish were collected using a fyke net trap across sectors representing a gradient of anthropic impact: sector 1 - pristine; sector 2 - impacted; and sector 3 - less impacted. Water samples were collected to analyze the presence of trace elements and pesticide. Biomarkers of the antioxidant system, histopathology, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and concentration of trace elements were analyzed in fish tissues. In water samples Al, Fe and Mn were detected, but no pesticides were found. In fish muscle, zinc and iron were detected. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in impacted sectors, indicating neurotoxic effects. The antioxidant system increased activity in gills and liver, and damage from lipoperoxidation was observed, particularly in sector 2 when compared to sector 1, suggesting oxidative stress. Histopathological biomarkers revealed lesions in the liver and gills of fish in impacted sectors. Micronuclei, a genotoxicity biomarker, were observed in organisms from all sectors. Our results demonstrate detrimental effects of poor water quality on biota health, even when contaminants are not detected in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19071, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maritana Mela
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81537-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19011, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19032, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19071, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andre Andrian Padial
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Muñoz-Peñuela M, Lo Nostro FL, Gomes ADO, Tolussi CE, Lozano I, Moreira RG. A biomarker approach to study the effects of polluted Brazilian urban reservoirs in a native fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171500. [PMID: 38447713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Two of the largest water reservoirs in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil (MRSP), named Billings and Guarapiranga, are facing high levels of anthropic impact. This is evidenced by the presence of contaminants and pollutants, which are deteriorating their water quality. Therefore, this study evaluated antioxidant defense enzymes, lipoperoxidation and genotoxicity, in adult females of a native species, Astyanax altiparanae from the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs. The study also aimed to evaluate these biomarkers during two different periods of the year, the rainy (summer) and dry (winter) seasons. The oxidative stress was evaluated by the activity of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the gills and liver, and the occurrence of lipoperoxidation was also evaluated in both organs. The genotoxicity was assessed by performing comet assay, micronucleus, and nuclear abnormality tests on blood samples. The results showed that fish from both reservoirs are subjected to oxidative stress and genotoxic damage, mainly during winter, but fish living in Billings showed greater alterations than fish from Guarapiranga. Likewise, the results of the principal component analysis suggested that caffeine, nitrogenous compounds, and some metals might be triggering these toxic effects in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática and IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aline Dal Olio Gomes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ismael Lozano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática and IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rivero-Wendt CLG, Miranda Vilela AL, GarciaFernandes L, Negreli Santos A, Leal I, Jaques J, Fernandes CE. Cytogenotoxic potential and toxicity in adult Danio rerio (zebrafish) exposed to chloramine T. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16452. [PMID: 38077413 PMCID: PMC10702335 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chloramine-T (CL-T) is a synthetic sodium salt used as a disinfectant in fish farms to combat bacterial infections in fish gills and skin. While its efficacy in pathogen control is well-established, its reactivity with various functional groups has raised concerns. However, limited research exists on the toxicity of disinfection by-products to aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sublethal effects of CL-T on adult zebrafish by examining biomarkers of nucleus cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and histopathological changes. Methods Male and female adult zebrafish (wildtype AB lineage) specimens were exposed to 70, 140, and 200 mg/L of CL-T and evaluated after 96 h. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were evaluated by estimating the frequencies of nuclear abnormalities (NA), micronuclei (MN), and integrated optical density (IOD) of nuclear erythrocytes. Histopathological changes in the gills and liver were assessed using the degree of tissue changes (DTC). AChE activity was measured in brain samples. Results and conclusions At a concentration of 200 mg/L, NA increased, indicating the cytogenotoxic potential of CL-T in adult zebrafish. Morphological alterations in the nuclei were observed at both 70 and 200 mg/L concentrations. Distinct IOD profiles were identified across the three concentrations. There were no changes in AChE activity in adult zebrafish. The DTC scores were high in all concentrations, and histological alterations suggested low to moderate toxicity of CL-T for adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Letícia Gediel Rivero-Wendt
- Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luana GarciaFernandes
- Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andreza Negreli Santos
- Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Multicenter Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Igor Leal
- Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Multicenter Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jeandre Jaques
- Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Multicenter Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eurico Fernandes
- Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Soldi KC, Londero JEL, Schavinski CR, Schuch AP. Genotoxicity of surface waters in Brazil. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 888:503638. [PMID: 37188436 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Brazil has abundant surface water resources, huge aquatic biodiversity and is home to 213 million people. Genotoxicity assays are sensitive tools to detect the effects of contaminants in surface waters and wastewaters, as well as to determine potential risks of contaminated waters to aquatic organisms and human health. This work aimed to survey the articles published in 2000-2021 that evaluated the genotoxicity of surface waters within Brazilian territory to unveil the profile and trends of this topic over time. In our searches, we considered articles focused on assessing aquatic biota, articles that conducted experiments with caged organisms or standardized tests in the aquatic sites, as well as articles that transported water or sediment samples from aquatic sites to the laboratory, where exposures were performed with organisms or standardized tests. We retrieved geographical information on the aquatic sites evaluated, the genotoxicity assays used, the percentage of genotoxicity detected, and, when possible, the causative agent of aquatic pollution. A total of 248 articles were identified. There was a trend of increase in the number of publications and annual diversity of hydrographic regions evaluated over time. Most articles focused on rivers from large metropolises. A very low number of articles were conducted on coastal and marine ecosystems. Water genotoxicity was detected in most articles, regardless of methodological approach, even in little-studied hydrographic regions. The micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay were widely applied with blood samples, mainly derived from fish. Allium and Salmonella tests were the most frequently used standard protocols. Despite most articles did not confirm polluting sources and genotoxic agents, the detection of genotoxicity provides useful information for the management of water pollution. We discuss key points to be assessed to reach a more complete picture of the genotoxicity of surface waters in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Costa Soldi
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - James Eduardo Lago Londero
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Ricardo Schavinski
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Mesquita AF, Gonçalves FJM, Gonçalves AMM. The Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Fluorinated and Copper-Based Pesticides-A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3706. [PMID: 36834400 PMCID: PMC9963512 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, pollution levels have increased, mainly as a result of the intensive anthropogenic activities such industrial development, intensive agricultural practices, among others. The impact of metals and organic contaminants is, nowadays, a great concern to the scientific and political communities. Copper compounds are the main sold pesticides in Europe, as well as herbicides, including glyphosate. Diphenyl ethers are the second ones most sold. Glyphosate and copper compounds are intensively studied, but the opposite is seen in the case of diphenyl ethers, including fluorinated pesticides (e.g., oxyfluorfen). Some research has been performed to increase the knowledge about these contaminants, daily inputted on the aquatic systems and with dangerous effects at physical and biochemical levels on the organisms. A wide range of biomarkers (e.g., growth, survival, reproductive success, enzymatic activity, lipid metabolism) has been applied to determine the potential effects in many species. This review intends to: (a) perform a compilation of the knowledge in previous research about the action mode of organic (fluorinated-based herbicide) and inorganic (copper-based pesticides) contaminants; (b) carry out an information survey about the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the fluorinated-based pesticides, namely the oxyfluorfen and the copper-based pesticides, on aquatic species from different trophic levels, according to in vitro and in vivo studies; (c) understand the impact of oxyfluorfen and copper-based pesticides, considering their effects reported in in vitro studies and, simultaneously, the authorized concentrations by legal organizations and the effective concentrations of each pollutant found in the environment. The literature analyzed revealed noxious effects of Cu and oxyfluorfen to aquatic organisms, including freshwater and marine species, even when exposed to the reference as well as to environmental concentrations, thus highlighting the importance of more monitoring and ecotoxicological studies, to chemical pollutants and different species from different ecological niches, to sustain and improve the legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F. Mesquita
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Li X, Liu G, Wang Z, Zhang L, Liu H, Ai H. Ensemble multiclassification model for aquatic toxicity of organic compounds. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 255:106379. [PMID: 36587517 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With environmental pollution becoming increasingly serious, organic compounds have become the main hazard of environmental pollution and exert substantial negative impacts on aquatic organisms. In research pertaining to the acute toxicity of organic compounds, traditional biological experimental methods are time-consuming and expensive. In addition, computer-aided binary classification models cannot accurately classify acute toxicity. Therefore, the multiclassication model is necessary for more accurate classification of acute toxicity. In this study, median lethal concentrations of 373 organic compounds in the environmental toxicology datasets ECOTOX and EAT5 were used. These chemicals were classified into four categories based on the European Economic Community criteria. Then the random forest, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, adaptive gradient boosting, and C5.0 decision tree algorithms and eight molecular fingerprints were used to build a multiclassification base model for the acute toxicity of organic compounds. The base models were repeated 100 times with fivefold cross-validation and external validation. The ensemble model was obtained by the voting method. The best base classifier was ExtendFP-C5.0, which had an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values of 87.30%, 87.32% and 95.76% for external validation, and the voting ensemble model performance of 96.92%, 96.93% and 98.97%, respectively. The ensemble model achieved a higher accuracy than previously reported studies. Our study will help to further classify the acute toxicity of organic compounds to aquatic organisms and predict the hazard classes of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Gaohua Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China; China Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Shenyang, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- China Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Shenyang, China; College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Haixin Ai
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China; China Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Shenyang, China.
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de Mendonça Francisco C, Pavanin LA, Morelli S, Bravo JVM, Pereira BB. Using native fish in eco-genotoxic assessment of heavy metal contamination pollution arising from nearby large Brazilian rivers. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:74-85. [PMID: 36628475 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2164754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide water quality has declined progressively due to continuous pollution of aquatic resources by agrochemicals in particular heavy metals. Fish genotoxicity biomarkers are vital to identify and complement chemical parameters for determining environmental risk of adverse effects. Therefore, it was of interest to examine the eco-genotoxicity attributed to water pollution over different stream sections of Brazilian rivers by using Cichlasoma paranaense (Teleostei: Cichlidae), a neotropical freshwater cichlid fish, as a biological model. Chemical analysis of water and sediments collected from different Brazilian rivers sites demonstrated contamination by metals. Cichlasoma paranaense were collected at a reference location (a permanent water preservation area), maintained in the lab under standard conditions (controlled temperature, lighting, daily feeding, and constant aeration) and exposed to environmental samples of water and sediments. Subsequently, micronucleus (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) frequencies were assessed in erythrocytes obtained from the caudal and gill regions. The highest concentrations of Cu were found in samples from river sites with forest fragmentation attributed to intensive agriculture practices. Similarly, exposure of fish to samples from agricultural areas induced significantly higher number of genotoxic effects. There was no marked difference between the tissues (tail and gill) regarding the observed frequencies of MN and NA. Thus C. paranaense fish served as a reliable model for detecting genotoxic effects, especially when water samples were collected near the discharge of agrochemicals. Evidence indicates that this method be considered for other global river sites which are also exposed to agrochemicals discharges containing Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine de Mendonça Francisco
- Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Avenida Pará, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alfredo Pavanin
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Morelli
- Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Avenida Pará, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Vitor M Bravo
- Institute of Geography, Santa Mônica Campus, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Avenida Pará, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Institute of Geography, Santa Mônica Campus, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Genotoxic Effect of Cadmium and Zinc in the Peripheral Erythrocytes of Prussian Carp ( Carassius Gibelio B.). J Vet Res 2022; 66:619-628. [PMID: 36846032 PMCID: PMC9944989 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cadmium and zinc are often found in aquatic environment and may accumulate in living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of Cd, Zn, and their binary mixture on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio B.). Material and Methods The fish were exposed to 4.0 mg/L Cd, 4.0 mg/L Zn or a mixture of 4.0 mg/L Cd and 4.0 mg/L Zn for a period of 14, 21 or 28 days. Genotoxic effects were investigated in peripheral blood cells using the comet assay and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Results The results demonstrated that the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and both nuclear and cellular abnormalities in erythrocytes were significantly higher in all exposure groups as compared to the control group. The fish exposed to the mixture of Cd and Zn presented the highest frequency of MN. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the frequency of MN and an increase in the occurrence of DNA integrity defects (DNA damage) with longer time of exposure to the metals studied. Conclusion Erythrocyte micronucleus and comet assays confirmed the genotoxicity of Cd and Zn. The results of the tests applied (which showed considerable variability) suggest the involvement of various toxicity mechanisms. Therefore, an integrative and comprehensive approach, using a set of assays for toxicity profile determination, should be adopted during ecotoxicological studies and environmental risk assessment pertaining to these elements.
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El-Sappah AH, Seif MM, Abdel-Kader HH, Soaud SA, Elhamid MAA, Abdelghaffar AM, El-Sappah HH, Sarwar H, Yadav V, Maitra P, Zhao X, Yan K, Li J, Abbas M. Genotoxicity and Trace Elements Contents Analysis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Indicated the Levels of Aquatic Contamination at Three Egyptian Areas. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:818866. [PMID: 35478598 PMCID: PMC9038200 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.818866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic waste and pollutants of heavy metals continuously pollute freshwater aquatic reservoirs, which have severe implications on aquatic life and human health. The present work aims to evaluate trace elements (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) along with three sites, Mariout Lake, Abbassa, and River Nile Aswan in Egypt, using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as bioindicator. The quality assurance, health-risk assessment, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and micronucleus test were performed to investigate the effect of different trace elements on Hsp70 gene level and micronuclei formation. We observed the highest expression of Hsp70 protein band of 70 KD and stress-responsive Hsp70 gene in the liver followed by gills of Nile tilapia caught from Mariout and Abbassa, but the lowest expression was in Nile tilapia caught from Aswan. Obvious micronuclei were observed under the microscope in erythrocytes, and their number was gradually decreased in the following manner: Mariout > Abbassa > Aswan. Noticeably, Cu, Zn, and Mn contents were low. Still, Pb and Cd contents were higher than the toxicity level recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), The World Health Organization (WHO), and the European Commission (EC). These results showed that Hsp70's appearance at the two levels of mRNA and protein is an effective indicator for aquatic pollution besides the aberration at the chromosome level represented in the micronucleus test. Furthermore, these results showed that Nile tilapia of the Aswan region had comparatively low trace elements contamination and were suitable for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. El-Sappah
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Seif
- Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Salma A. Soaud
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Huda Sarwar
- Department of Bioscience, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Vivek Yadav
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Pulak Maitra
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Xianming Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Kuan Yan
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Kuan Yan
| | - Jia Li
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Jia Li
| | - Manzar Abbas
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- *Correspondence: Manzar Abbas
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Muñoz-Peñuela M, Moreira RG, Gomes ADO, Tolussi CE, Branco GS, Pinheiro JPS, Zampieri RA, Lo Nostro FL. Neurotoxic, biotransformation, oxidative stress and genotoxic effects in Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei, Characiformes) males exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac and/or caffeine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103821. [PMID: 35093559 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated neurotoxic, biotransformation, genotoxic and antioxidant responses to relevant environmental concentrations of diclofenac (0.4 μg L-1) and caffeine (27.5 μg L-1), separate and combined, in adult males of the freshwater fish Astyanax altiparanae after a subchronic exposure (14 days). Fish exposed to diclofenac and caffeine, both separate and combined, revealed a neurotoxic effect through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the muscle, while diclofenac alone and in combination caused cyclooxygenase inhibition. Caffeine alone produces genotoxicity on this species but, when combined with diclofenac, it potentiates hepatic lipoperoxidation and the inhibition of oxidative stress enzymes, while diclofenac alone or in combination produces a general inhibition of important enzymes. This study suggests that aquatic contamination produced by these pharmaceuticals has the potential to affect homeostasis and locomotion in A. altiparanae and compromise their immune system and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Dal Olio Gomes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Souza Branco
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Andrade Zampieri
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática and IBBEA, CONICET-UBA. Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Carere M, Antoccia A, Buschini A, Frenzilli G, Marcon F, Andreoli C, Gorbi G, Suppa A, Montalbano S, Prota V, De Battistis F, Guidi P, Bernardeschi M, Palumbo M, Scarcelli V, Colasanti M, D'Ezio V, Persichini T, Scalici M, Sgura A, Spani F, Udroiu I, Valenzuela M, Lacchetti I, di Domenico K, Cristiano W, Marra V, Ingelido AM, Iacovella N, De Felip E, Massei R, Mancini L. An integrated approach for chemical water quality assessment of an urban river stretch through Effect-Based Methods and emerging pollutants analysis with a focus on genotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113549. [PMID: 34543968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of emerging chemical pollutants, on both status and functionality of aquatic ecosystems is worldwide recognized as a relevant issue of concern that should be assessed and managed by researchers, policymakers, and all relevant stakeholders. In Europe, the Reach Regulation has registered more than 100.000 chemical substances daily released in the environment. Furthermore, the effects related to the mixture of substances present in aquatic ecosystems may not be predictable on the basis of chemical analyses alone. This evidence, coupled with the dramatic effects of climate changes on water resources through water scarcity and flooding, makes urgent the application of innovative, fast and reliable monitoring methods. In this context, Effect-Based Methods (EBMs) have been applied in the urban stretch of the Tiber River (Central Italy) with the aim of understanding if detrimental pressures affect aquatic environmental health. In particular, different eco-genotoxicological assays have been used in order to detect genotoxic activity of chemicals present in the river, concurrently characterized by chemical analysis. Teratogenicity and embryo-toxicity have been studied in order to cover additional endpoints. The EBMs have highlighted the presence of diffuse chemical pollution and ecotoxicological effects in the three sampling stations, genotoxicological effects have been also detected through the use of different tests and organisms. The chemical analyses confirmed that in the aquatic ecosystems there is a diffuse presence, even at low concentrations, of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, not routinely monitored pesticides, personal care products, PFAS. The results of this study can help to identify an appropriate battery of EBMs for future studies and the application of more appropriate measures in order to monitor, mitigate or eliminate chemical contamination and remediate its adverse/detrimental effects on the ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Carere
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Antoccia
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giada Frenzilli
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Applied Biology and Genetics, Via A. Volta 4, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Marcon
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Andreoli
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Gessica Gorbi
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Montalbano
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Prota
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Battistis
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Guidi
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Applied Biology and Genetics, Via A. Volta 4, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Bernardeschi
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Applied Biology and Genetics, Via A. Volta 4, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mara Palumbo
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Applied Biology and Genetics, Via A. Volta 4, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Scarcelli
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Applied Biology and Genetics, Via A. Volta 4, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Colasanti
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Veronica D'Ezio
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Persichini
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Scalici
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Sgura
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Spani
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Ion Udroiu
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Martina Valenzuela
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Ines Lacchetti
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin di Domenico
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Cristiano
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Marra
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ingelido
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Iacovella
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Felip
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Massei
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Mancini
- Italian Institute of Health, Department: Environment and Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
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12
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Viana LF, Kummrow F, Cardoso CAL, de Lima NA, Solórzano JCJ, Crispim BDA, Barufatti A, Florentino AC. High concentrations of metals in the waters from Araguari River lower section (Amazon biome): Relationship with land use and cover, ecotoxicological effects and risks to aquatic biota. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131451. [PMID: 34246935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Araguari River is one of the most important water body in the Brazilian state of Amapá. However, the quality of its waters has been deteriorating and, recently, high concentrations of metals were found in water samples collected from its lower section. Overall, we aimed to evaluate land use and cover around three sampling sites located in the Araguari River lower section and its contribution to water pollution by metals; correlate land use pattern with detected metal concentrations; assess acute toxicity using the Daphnia similis test and genotoxicity using the Danio rerio bioassay of water samples from the three sampling sites; and investigate the risks arising from metals present in waters to aquatic biota. Riparian forest around all sampling sites is fragmented owing to the expansion of pasture areas, which showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the concentrations of Hg and Cu in water samples. Water samples from sampling sites 2 and 3 presented acute toxicity for D. similis, and the D. rerio bioassay confirmed the presence of genotoxic pollutants in the waters from all sampling sites. Our preliminary risk assessment showed that individual concentrations and the mixture of metals posed a high risk to aquatic biota. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the conversion of native forest to pastureland contributes to water contamination by metals, which contributes to the risks to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilene Finoto Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02 - Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Kummrow
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) - Campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210 - Centro, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Rod. Dourados Itahum Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Nathalya Alice de Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (FCBA), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rod. Dourados Itahum Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Jut Solórzano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Rod. Dourados Itahum Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno do Amaral Crispim
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (FCBA), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rod. Dourados Itahum Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Alexeia Barufatti
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (FCBA), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rod. Dourados Itahum Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Cezar Florentino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02 - Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil
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13
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Lehun AL, Mendes AB, Takemoto RM, Bueno Krawczyk ACDD. Genotoxic effects of urban pollution in the Iguaçu River on two fish populations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:984-991. [PMID: 34319218 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1956229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental impacts on water resources and discharges of pollutants are some of the main problems of aquatic ecosystems. Currently, the Iguaçu River is considered the second most polluted river in Brazil, therefore, given the importance of understanding the effects of water pollution on living organisms, this study aimed to analyze the possible genotoxic effects in Astyanax bifasciatus (Characiformes; Characidae) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in response to the water quality of the Iguaçu River. Four sampling points were determined on the Iguaçu River, with different levels of environmental impact. The micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities were quantified by counting 2000 erythrocytes from each specimen. There was a statistical difference in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities both for A. bifasciatus (Kruskal-Wallis 3;30 = 10.9; p = 0.01) and for G. brasiliensis (Kruskal-Wallis 3;26 = 12.27; p = 0.006), with point 1 (critically degraded) showing a higher frequency of nuclear abnormalities and point 4 (moderately degraded) showing a lower frequency of nuclear abnormalities for both species, showing genotoxic potential in fish erythrocytes. This result demonstrates the need for further discussion on the conservation of the Iguaçu River as well as broadening the discussion on its potability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsler Luana Lehun
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Amanda Brixner Mendes
- Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Centro, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Massato Takemoto
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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14
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D'Agostini F, La Maestra S. Micronuclei in Fish Erythrocytes as Genotoxic Biomarkers of Water Pollution: An Overview. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 258:195-240. [PMID: 34611757 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater and marine water bodies receive chemical contaminants from industrial, agricultural, urban, and domestic wastes. Eco-genotoxicity assays are useful tools to assess the cumulative genotoxicity of these pollutants. Fish are suitable indicators for biomonitoring of mutagenic and carcinogenic pollution.In this review, we present a complete overview of the studies performed so far using the micronucleus test in peripheral erythrocytes of fish exposed to polluted water. We have listed all the species of fish used and the geographical distribution of the investigations. We have analyzed and discussed all technical aspects of using this test in fish, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the different experimental protocols. We have reported the results of all studies. This assay has become, for years, one of the simplest, fastest, and most cost-effective for assessing genotoxic risk in aquatic environments. However, there are still several factors influencing the variability of the results. Therefore, we have given indications and suggestions to achieve a standardization of experimental procedures and ensure uniformity of future investigations.
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15
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Genotoxic effect of heavy metals on Astyanax lacustris in an urban stream. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05034. [PMID: 33005812 PMCID: PMC7519369 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled urbanization growth contributes to the pollution of aquatic environments. Heavy metals released by domestic and industrial effluents can negatively affect aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental pollutants, such as metals, on fish DNA damage, in stretches of an urban stream. Specimens of the Neotropical fish, Astyanax lacustris, were exposed in situ for 96 h along the Antas stream, a Brazilian aquatic system deteriorated by anthropogenic factors. Water and sediment samples were collected simultaneously for physicochemical and heavy metal analyses. The comet assay was performed as a biomarker of genotoxicity. Fish located downstream had a higher frequency of DNA damage than in the reference site. We found concentrations of Cr and Ni above acceptable levels in sediment samples. Generally, Ba, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cr, and Ni were the elements most associated with genotoxic damage. Water and sediment of the Antas stream showed genotoxic potential in A. lacustris according to the urbanization gradient, demonstrating the importance to prevent the release of environmental pollutants, especially heavy metals in urban areas.
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16
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Marins AT, Severo ES, Leitemperger JW, Cerezer C, Muller TE, Costa MD, Weimer GH, Bandeira NMG, Prestes OD, Zanella R, Loro VL. Assessment of River Water Quality in an Agricultural Region of Brazil Using Biomarkers in a Native Neotropical Fish, Astyanax spp. (Characidae). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:575-581. [PMID: 32166333 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agricultural and livestock activities demand high pesticide use and, consequently, contaminants reach aquatic ecosystems. In the lower Jacuí River, southern Brazil, there is a lack of knowledge about pesticide residues in water samples and the biochemical responses in native fish species. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the influence of pesticide residues and water parameters to biomarker responses in the native fish Astyanax spp. We performed seasonal biomonitoring in 2017 with water samples and fish collections. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidants, biotransformation, and neurotoxicity were analyzed in fish tissues. Fourteen pesticide residues were detected; they presented correlations with detoxification enzyme and oxidative stress biomarkers. These data indicate that most of variations can be related to the pesticide presence in water indicating high aquatic pollution in this place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Teixeira Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Stringini Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jossiele Wesz Leitemperger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Talise Elwanger Muller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maiara Dorneles Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Weimer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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