1
|
Yao K, Liu H, Fang B, Xia C, Gu L, Fang L, Zhu H, Pan J, Zhang G. Design and application of a novel "turn-on" fluorescent probe for imaging sulfite in living cells and inflammation models. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107305. [PMID: 38537335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Sulfite is one of the main existing forms of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in living system, which has been recognized as an endogenous mediator in inflammation. Evidence has accumulated to show that abnormal level of sulfite is associated with many inflammatory diseases, including neurological diseases and cancers. Herein, a novel fluorescent probe named QX-OA was designed and synthesized to detect sulfite. QX-OA was constructed by choosing quinolinium-xanthene as the fluorophore and levulinate as the specific and relatively steady recognition reaction. The probe showed remarkable green turn-on signal at 550 nm, together with high sensitivity (90-fold) and excellent selectivity to sulfite over other possible interfering species. In the meantime, QX-OA was successfully applied to visualize endogenous and exogenous sulfite in Hela cells. In the LPS-induced inflammation model, QX-OA could visualize the dose-dependent increase of sulfite level (0-2 mg/mL). Consequently, QX-OA was determined to be a potential method for detecting sulfite in pre-clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Binbin Fang
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Congyang Xia
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Lingmin Gu
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China.
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maiti BK. Cross‐talk Between (Hydrogen)Sulfite and Metalloproteins: Impact on Human Health. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104342. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla Campus Barfung Block, Ravangla Sub Division South Sikkim 737139 India
- Department of Chemistry Cluster University of Jammu Canal Road Jammu 180001
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu M, Wang L, Li M, Ma Z, Zhang D, Liu J. A highly sensitive and fast responsive fluorescent probe for SO 2 derivatives and its application in living cell imaging. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1759061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengsheng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Le Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Li
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Henan Cereal Quality and Safety Testing Key Laboratory, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Extensive experience with chronic peritoneal dialysis has identified a series of functional and anatomical pathologic changes in the peritoneal membrane thought to be the result of repeated insults from bioincompatible solutions. Laboratory and clinical findings from recent investigations often conflict and are difficult to interpret due to variations in methodologies, animal models, study designs, and data analyses. The principal pathophysiologic mechanisms identified thus far are oxidative stress, inflammation, and their consequences. Many substances used to neutralize the action of these insults, prevent formation of toxic compounds, or directly alter solute and water transport to improve peritoneal membrane performance have been studied. We herein review the most promising of these substances or those that deserve attention because their use has contributed to better understanding of peritoneal pathophysiology. Most peritoneal solution additives have proved useless due to their toxicity and undesirable effects, ineffectiveness, or manufacturing limitations. A few substances deserve more attention, particularly those capable of restoring negatively charged membrane sites, those that somehow improve permselectivity, scavengers of oxidants, and advanced glycation end-product inhibitors and breakers. Recent publications on clinical experience with neutral pH, low glucose degradation product (GDP) peritoneal solutions, although few and preliminary, are most encouraging. The virtual elimination of GDPs in these novel solutions will probably preclude the need for GDP scavengers and inhibitors. Nonetheless, there is room for further significant improvement in solution biocompatibility and for compounds that may restore peritoneal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Diaz-Buxo
- Home Therapies Development, Fresenius Medical Care North America, Lexington Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lazaro Gotloib
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension and Research Center for Experimental Nephrology, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paramasivam OR, Trivedi S, Sangith N, Sankaran K. Active sulfite oxidase domain of Salmonella enterica pathogenic protein small intestine invasive factor E (SiiE): a potential diagnostic target. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5679-5688. [PMID: 31104097 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Serovars of Salmonella enterica are common food-borne bacterial pathogens. Salmonella typhi, which causes typhoid, is the most dangerous of them. Though detailed molecular pathogenesis studies reveal many virulence factors, inability to identify their biochemical functions hampers the development of diagnostic methods and therapeutic leads. Lack of quicker diagnosis is an impediment in starting early antibiotic treatment to reduce the severe morbidity and mortality in typhoid. In this study, employing bioinformatic prediction, biochemical analysis, and recombinantly cloning the active region, we show that extracellularly secreted virulence-associated protein, small intestinal invasion factor E (SiiE), possesses a sulfite oxidase (SO) domain that catalyzes the conversion of sodium sulfite to sodium sulfate using tungsten as the cofactor. This activity common to Salmonella enterica serovars seems to be specific to them from bioinformatic analysis of available bacterial genomes. Along with the ability of this large non-fimbrial adhesin of 600 kDa binding to sialic acid on the host cells, this activity could aid in subverting the host defense mechanism by destroying sulfites released by the immune cells and colonize the host gastrointestinal epithelium. Being an extracellular enzyme, it could be an ideal candidate for developing diagnostics of S. enterica, particularly S. typhi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Trivedi
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Nikhil Sangith
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, 600020, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ranguelova K, Rice AB, Khajo A, Triquigneaux M, Garantziotis S, Magliozzo RS, Mason RP. Formation of reactive sulfite-derived free radicals by the activation of human neutrophils: an ESR study. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1264-71. [PMID: 22326772 PMCID: PMC3313009 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of (bi)sulfite (hydrated sulfur dioxide) on human neutrophils and the ability of these immune cells to produce reactive free radicals due to (bi)sulfite oxidation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an abundant heme protein in neutrophils that catalyzes the formation of cytotoxic oxidants implicated in asthma and inflammatory disorders. In this study sulfite ((•)SO(3)(-)) and sulfate (SO(4)(•-)) anion radicals are characterized with the ESR spin-trapping technique using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) in the reaction of (bi)sulfite oxidation by human MPO and human neutrophils via sulfite radical chain reaction chemistry. After treatment with (bi)sulfite, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated neutrophils produced DMPO-sulfite anion radical, -superoxide, and -hydroxyl radical adducts. The last adduct probably resulted, in part, from the conversion of DMPO-sulfate to DMPO-hydroxyl radical adduct via a nucleophilic substitution reaction of the radical adduct. This anion radical (SO(4)(•-)) is highly reactive and, presumably, can oxidize target proteins to protein radicals, thereby initiating protein oxidation. Therefore, we propose that the potential toxicity of (bi)sulfite during pulmonary inflammation or lung-associated diseases such as asthma may be related to free radical formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Ranguelova
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Annette B. Rice
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Abdelahad Khajo
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Mathilde Triquigneaux
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Richard S. Magliozzo
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Ronald P. Mason
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dänicke S, Hegewald AK, Kahlert S, Kluess J, Rothkötter HJ, Breves G, Döll S. Studies on the toxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON), sodium metabisulfite, DON-sulfonate (DONS) and de-epoxy-DON for porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell lines IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2, and on effects of DON and DONS on piglets. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2154-62. [PMID: 20478350 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang YF, Hsu JY, Fu LS, Weng YS, Chu JJ. Asthma drugs counter-regulate interleukin-8 release stimulated by sodium sulfite in an A549 cell line. J Asthma 2009; 46:238-43. [PMID: 19373630 DOI: 10.1080/02770900802628508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical manifestations suggest that air pollution may induce deterioration of respiratory health. Some air pollutants, including sulfite, may play a role in the exacerbation of asthma. Sulfites are formed at bronchial mucosa from inhaled sulfur dioxide. It has been previously reported that sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)) has pro-inflammatory properties and enhances neutrophil adhesion to A549 cells. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) plays a critical role in attracting inflammatory cells and is an excellent marker of pulmonary cell activation. To date, there have not been any reports on the effect of asthma drugs on the suppression of IL-8 production induced by sulfite in A549 cells or the involvement of specific signal transduction pathways. Thus, our study assessed the effects of salmeterol, fluticasone, and montelukast on human epithelial lung cell inflammation as well as the inhibitors in different signal transduction pathways. METHODS A549 human lung epithelial cells were cultured under the following conditions: (1) treated with sodium sulfite (0, 100, 500, 1000, 2500 uM) for 16 hours; (2) cultured for 1 hour in the presence of SB203580, PD98059, SP600125, or wedeloactone, then co-incubated with sodium sulfite for another 16 hours; (3) cultured for 4 hours in the presence of salmeterol, fluticasone, or montelukast, then stimulated with sodium sulfite at a concentration of 1000 uM for 16 hours. We collected the supernatants from the above conditions and performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the IL-8 concentration. RESULTS IL-8 production increased after treatment with sodium sulfite at 1000 to 2500 uM (p <or= 0.001). SB203580, PD98059, and wedeloactone decreased IL-8 production stimulated by Na(2)SO(3) (p < 0.01). Salmeterol, fluticasone, and montelukast significantly suppressed IL-8 secretion from sodium sulfite-stimulated A549 cells (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sodium sulfite has pro-inflammatory properties in vitro and can induce potent chemotactic factor IL-8 production. Possible signal transduction pathways required for IL-8 gene expression following exposure to sulfite are the NF-kappa B, ERK, and p-38-dependent pathways. Salmeterol, fluticasone, and montelukast all have inhibitory effects on sodium sulfite-induced IL-8 production in A549 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yargicoglu P, Sahin E, Gümüşlü S, Ağar A. The effect of sulfur dioxide inhalation on active avoidance learning, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation during aging. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2007; 29:211-8. [PMID: 17197156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of SO2 was examined on active avoidance learning, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the activities of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in young (3 months), middle-age (12 months ), and old (24 months) Swiss male albino rats. Ten ppm SO2 was administered to the animals of SO2 groups in an exposure chamber for 1 h/day x 7 days/week x 6 weeks while control groups were exposed to filtered air in the same condition. The most prominent effect of aging on active performance was also observed in the older group. SO2 exposure significantly decreased the active avoidance learning in the young group, but it had no effect on this parameter in the middle-aged and the older group compared with their corresponding control groups. SO2 exposure resulted in increased levels of Cu, Zn-SOD activity while decreased level of GSH-Px activity in all experimental groups compared with their corresponding control groups. CAT activities were unaltered. TBARS levels of all SO2 exposed groups were significantly increased compared with their respective control groups. In conclusion, results from the present research showed that SO2 exposure resulted in an increase in the lipid peroxidation and caused alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, SO2 exposure impaired cognitive function only in the young rats during the acquisition phase of active avoidance learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piraye Yargicoglu
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Arapsuyu, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Collaco CR, Hochman DJ, Goldblum RM, Brooks EG. Effect of sodium sulfite on mast cell degranulation and oxidant stress. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 96:550-6. [PMID: 16680925 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfur dioxide is 1 of 6 environmental pollutants monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency. Its ability to induce bronchoconstriction is well documented. It is highly soluble, initially forming sulfite ions in solution. Sulfur oxides are important constituents of other pollutants, such as diesel exhaust and fine particulates. OBJECTIVE To investigate the cellular responses of sulfite on cultured mast cells (rat basophilic leukemia [RBL-2H3] cells) and human peripheral blood basophils. METHODS Sulfite-induced mast cell degranulation and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species were evaluated in the presence and absence of antioxidants and inhibitors of redox metabolism. Degranulation was determined using beta-hexosaminidase, serotonin, and histamine release assays. Induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation was determined using the redox-sensitive dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. RESULTS Sodium sulfite induced degranulation and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in RBL-2H3 cells. These responses were inhibited by the free radical scavenger tetramethylthiourea and the flavoenzyme inhibitor diphenyliodinium but not by depletion of extracellular calcium. Peripheral blood basophils also showed histamine release after exposure to sodium sulfite CONCLUSIONS Sulfite, the aqueous ion of sulfur dioxide, induces cellular activation, leading to degranulation in mast cells through a non-IgE-dependent pathway. The response also differs from IgE-mediated degranulation in that it is insensitive to the influx of extracellular calcium. The putative pathway seems to rely on activation of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex, leading to intracellular oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
11
|
Collin M, Thiemermann C. HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND SULFITE: NOVEL MEDIATORS IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SHOCK AND INFLAMMATION. Shock 2005; 24:595-6. [PMID: 16317393 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000188328.59770.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Izgüt-Uysal VN, Küçükatay V, Bülbül M, Tan R, Yargiçoğlu P, Ağar A. Effect of sulfite on macrophage functions of normal and sulfite oxidase-deficient rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:599-605. [PMID: 15721208 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Revised: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfite has both an endogenous and an exogenous provenance in the mammalian tissues. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of sulfite on macrophages functions in normal or sulfite oxidase deficient rats. Rats were divided into eight groups; (1) control group, (2) sulfite group (the rats received sodium meta bi-sulfite (25 mg/kg) in drinking water for 6 weeks), (3) vitamin E group (the rats received Vit E (50 mg/kg) by gavage for 6 weeks), (4) sulfite group+Vit E, (5)sulfite oxidase deficient group (the rats received high-W/Mo-deficient diet. The activity of sulfite oxidase was reduced in rats maintained on the high-W/Mo-deficient diet during the first 21 days of treatment. After the sulfite-oxidase deficiency, the rats continued to receive high-W/Mo-deficient diet for 6 weeks.), (6) sulfite+sulfite oxidase deficient group, (7) Vit E+sulfite oxidase deficient group, and (8) sulfite+Vit E+sulfite oxidase deficient group. Sulfite caused a significant increase in phagocytic and chemotactic activities of peritoneal macrophages. In sulfite-oxidase deficient rats, the increase in phagocytic and chemotactic activities in peritoneal macrophages after sulfite intake was found more than the control rats. Vit E supplementation prevented sulfite induced increase in macrophages functions. These results show that the macrophage functions are sensitive to sulfite intake. The effect of sulfite on macrophage functions may be related to reactive oxygen species. Because Vit E administration was able to modulate significantly sulfite-induced changes in the functions of peritoneal macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Nimet Izgüt-Uysal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gordon EM, Myers C, Blumer J. In vitro evaluation of the potential role of sulfite radical in morphine-associated histamine release. BMC Pharmacol 2004; 4:21. [PMID: 15469613 PMCID: PMC526189 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous morphine use is associated with elevated histamine release leading to bronchoconstriction, edema and hemodynamic instability in some patients. This study evaluated the possibility that sulfite, which is present as a preservative in many morphine preparations, might contribute to histamine release in vitro. RESULTS The human mast cell line, HMC-1, was exposed to various morphine concentrations, in the absence of sulfite, under cell culture conditions. Clinically attained concentrations of morphine (0.018microg/ml and 0.45microg/ml) did not cause increased histamine release from mast cells. There was a significant increase in histamine release when the morphine concentration was increased by 1184-fold (668microg/ml morphine). Histamine release from mast cells exposed to morphine and/or sulfite required the presence of prostaglandin H synthetase. Histamine release in experiments using sulfite-containing morphine solutions was not statistically different from that observed in morphine-only solutions. CONCLUSION Sulfite in sulfite-containing morphine solutions, at concentrations seen clinically, is not responsible for histamine release in in vitro experiments of the human mast cell line, HMC-1. This does not preclude the fact that sulfite may lead to elevation of histamine levels in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Gordon
- Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolyn Myers
- Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blumer
- Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beck-Speier I, Dayal N, Denzlinger C, Haberl C, Maier KL, Ziesenis A, Heyder J. Sulfur-related air pollutants induce the generation of platelet-activating factor, 5-lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-products in canine alveolar macrophages via activation of phospholipases A2. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2003; 71:217-34. [PMID: 14518563 DOI: 10.1016/s1098-8823(03)00041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that long-term in vivo exposure of dogs to neutral sulfur(IV)/sulfite aerosols induces mild inflammatory reactions, whereas the combination of neutral sulfite with acidic sulfur(VI)/sulfate aerosols evokes less pronounced effects. To understand underlying mechanisms, we studied in vitro the role of lipid mediators in the responses of alveolar macrophages (AMs) to sulfur-related compounds under neutral (pH 7) or moderate acidic (pH 6) conditions. Canine AMs incubated with sulfite at pH 7 released threefold higher amounts of platelet-activating factor than control (P < 0.005). Generation of arachidonic acid, leukotriene B4, 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2 and 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid increased twofold (P < 0.0005). However, these metabolites remained unchanged following incubation of AMs with sulfite at pH 6 or with sulfate at pH 7 or pH 6. Mediator release by sulfite-treated AMs at pH 7 stimulated respiratory burst activity of neutrophils. Inhibition of MAPK pathway by PD 98059, of cytosolic (cPLA2) and secretory phospholipases A2 by AACOCF3 and thioetheramide-PC, respectively, reduced sulfite-induced eicosanoid formation in AMs. Sulfite activated cPLA2 activity twofold at pH 7. This mechanism of sulfite-stimulated responses in phospholipid metabolism predicts that chronic exposure to sulfur(IV)/sulfite is associated with a considerable health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Beck-Speier
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Inhalation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baker MT, Gregerson MS, Martin SM, Buettner GR. Free radical and drug oxidation products in an intensive care unit sedative: propofol with sulfite. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:787-92. [PMID: 12626985 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000053560.05156.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some propofol emulsion formulations contain EDTA or sodium metabisulfite to inhibit microbe growth on extrinsic contamination. EDTA is not known to react with propofol formulation components; however, sulfite has been shown to support some oxidation processes and may react with propofol. This study compared the oxidation of propofol and the formation of free radicals by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis in EDTA and sulfite propofol emulsions during a simulated intensive care unit 12-hr intravenous infusion. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING University laboratory. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Propofol emulsions (3.5 mL) were dripped from spiked 50-mL vials at each hour for 12 hrs. Two propofol oxidation products, identified as propofol dimer and propofol dimer quinone, were detected in sulfite and EDTA propofol emulsions; however, sulfite propofol emulsion contained higher quantities of both compounds. After initiation of the simulated infusion, the quantities of propofol dimer and propofol dimer quinone increased in the sulfite propofol emulsion, but the lower levels in the EDTA propofol emulsion remained constant. Sulfite propofol emulsion began to visibly yellow at about 6-7 hrs. The EDTA propofol emulsion remained white at all times. The absorbance spectra of the propofol dimer and propofol dimer quinone extracted from sulfite propofol emulsion showed that propofol dimer did not absorb in the visible spectrum, but the propofol dimer quinone had an absorbance peak at 421 nm, causing it to appear yellow. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of the propofol emulsion containing metabisulfite revealed that the sulfite propofol emulsion yielded a strong free radical signal consistent with the formation of the sulfite anion radical (SO3*-). The EDTA propofol emulsion yielded no free radical signal above background. CONCLUSION Sulfite from the metabisulfite additive in propofol emulsion creates an oxidative environment when these emulsions are exposed to air during a simulated intravenous infusion. This oxidation results in propofol dimerization and emulsion yellowing, the latter of which is caused by the formation of propofol dimer quinone. These processes can be attributed to the rapid formation of the reactive sulfite free radical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max T Baker
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Pelletier M, Girard D. Dieldrin induces human neutrophil superoxide production via protein kinases C and tyrosine kinases. Hum Exp Toxicol 2002; 21:415-20. [PMID: 12412634 DOI: 10.1191/0960327102ht272oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have recently found that dieldrin is a potent human neutrophil agonist in vitro and induces neutrophilic inflammation in vivo. Among the responses observed in vitro, dieldrin was found to induce superoxide (O2-) production by a yet unknown mechanism. In the present study, dieldrin- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced O2- responses were compared. For this purpose, cells were preincubated with a panel of signal transduction inhibitors including genistein, H-7, HA-1077, pertussis toxin, staurosporine, calphostin C, SB203580, PD098059, and wortmannin. Dieldrin-induced O2- response was significantly reduced with treatment with genistein, H-7, HA-1077, staurosporine, and calphostin C, whereas PMA-induced response was significantly reduced by treatment with H-7, HA-1077, and staurosporine. This indicates that dieldrin mediates its effect via protein kinases C (PKCs) and tyrosine kinases. Involvement of tyrosine kinases in dieldrin-induced human neutrophils was further demonstrated by an increase in tyrosine phosphorylated protein level expression. Finally, we found that treatment with the mitochondrial stabilizer bongkrekic acid and with the inhibitor of vesicular transport brefeldin A did not reverse dieldrin-induced O2- response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pelletier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier/Santé humaine, Université du Québec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shigehara T, Mitsuhashi H, Ota F, Kuroiwa T, Kaneko Y, Ueki K, Tsukada Y, Maezawa A, Nojima Y. Sulfite induces adherence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to immobilized fibrinogen through activation of Mac-1 beta2-integrin (CD11b/CD18). Life Sci 2002; 70:2225-32. [PMID: 12005182 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfite is a major air pollutant which can cause respiratory tract inflammation characterized by an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). We have previously shown that human PMN can produce sulfite either spontaneously or in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. We now demonstrate that sulfite activates PMN to adhere to immobilized fibrinogen via the beta2-integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18). Mac-1 expression is not altered by treatment with this agent. Although unaffected by pertussis toxin, sulfite-triggered PMN adhesion was abrogated by pretreating cells with the membrane-impermeant sulfhydryl reagent 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), a modifier of thiol groups on the cell surface. These results suggest that sulfite-induced PMN adhesion is dependent on a modification of thiols at the cell surface. Given its potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, sulfite may act as an endogenous mediator in host defense and/or inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shigehara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pelletier M, Roberge CJ, Gauthier M, Vandal K, Tessier PA, Girard D. Activation of human neutrophils in vitro and dieldrin‐induced neutrophilic inflammation in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.70.3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pelletier
- INRS‐Institut, Armand‐Frappier/Santé Humaine, Université du Québec, Pointe‐Claire
| | | | - Marc Gauthier
- INRS‐Institut, Armand‐Frappier/Santé Humaine, Université du Québec, Pointe‐Claire
| | - Karen Vandal
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Laval, Sainte‐Foy, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe A. Tessier
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Laval, Sainte‐Foy, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- INRS‐Institut, Armand‐Frappier/Santé Humaine, Université du Québec, Pointe‐Claire
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gümüşlü S, Bilmen S, Korgun DK, Yargiçoğlu P, Ağar A. Age-related changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in lungs of control and sulfur dioxide exposed rats. Free Radic Res 2001; 34:621-7. [PMID: 11697037 DOI: 10.1080/10715760100300511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant defenses within the lung are pivotal in preventing damage from oxidative toxicants. There have also been several reports with conflicting results on the antioxidant system during aging. In this study, we attempted to investigate age-related alterations in both antioxidant enzyme activities and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), a product of lipid peroxidation, in the whole lung of control and sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposed rats of different age groups (3-, 12-, and 24-months-old). Swiss-Albino Male rats were exposed to 10 ppm. SO2 1 hr/day, 7 days/week for 6 weeks. The antioxidant enzymes examined include Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). A mixed pattern of age-associated alterations in antioxidant activities was observed. SOD, GSH-Px and GST activities were increased with age, but CAT activity was decreased. Lung SOD, GSH-Px and GST activities were also increased in response to SO2. The level of TBARS was increased with age. SO2 exposure stimulated lipid peroxide formation in the lung as indicated by an increase in the level of TBARS. These findings suggest that both aging and SO2 exposure may impose an oxidative stress to the body. We conclude that the increase in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes of the lung during aging, could be interpreted as a positive feedback mechanism in response to rising lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gümüşlü
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Arapsuyu, Antalya, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pelletier M, Savoie A, Girard D. Activation of human neutrophils by the air pollutant sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)): comparison with immature promyelocytic HL-60 and DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells reveals that Na(2)SO(3) is a neutrophil but not a HL-60 cell agonist. Clin Immunol 2000; 96:131-9. [PMID: 10900160 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2000.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfite exposure can induce inflammatory responses characterized by an influx of neutrophils into the airways leading to lung malfunctions. Studies focusing on sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3))/neutrophil interactions have shown that this chemical possesses proinflammatory properties based on its ability to induce a respiratory burst. Information regarding how this chemical could alter other neutrophil responses/functions as well as its role on immature promyelocytic cells is currently lacking in the literature. In this study, we report that Na(2)SO(3) can induce tyrosine phosphorylation events in human neutrophils but not in both HL-60 and HL-60 + DMSO. As a positive control, GM-CSF was found to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of a particular protein of 120-130 kDa in both HL-60 and HL-60 + DMSO cells testifying that these cells were responsive. In addition, we report that Na(2)SO(3) does not alter neutrophil phagocytosis and that this chemical increases the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 but not TNF-alpha. Paradoxically, we found that Na(2)SO(3) acts as a potent inhibitor of de novo neutrophil protein synthesis in a concentration-dependent fashion (0.1, 1, or 10 mM) as assessed by SDS-PAGE from metabolically [(35)S]-labeled cells. In contrast to mature neutrophils, we found that Na(2)SO(3) does not modulate de novo protein synthesis in HL-60 cells treated with low concentrations (0. 1 or 1 mM) and that this pollutant was toxic at 10 mM as judged by a drastic decrease of total protein content stained with Coomassie blue. We conclude that Na(2)SO(3) can activate human neutrophils and that its proinflammatory potential is further supported by its ability to increase IL-8 production. In addition, our results clearly indicate that HL-60 and HL-60 + DMSO respond differently than mature human neutrophils to the inflammatory pollutant Na(2)SO(3). Extrapolation of data obtained with HL-60 (and/or HL-60 + DMSO) to neutrophils should be taken with caution. Our data obtained with Na(2)SO(3) are an example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pelletier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier/Santé Humaine, Université du Québec, Québec, H9R 1G6, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grundler W, Dirscherl P, Beck-Speier I, Beisker W, Stampfl A, Zimmermann I, Maier K. Simultaneous recording of calcium transients and reactive oxygen intermediates of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes in response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and the environmental agent sulfite. CYTOMETRY 2000; 40:219-29. [PMID: 10878565 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0320(20000701)40:3<219::aid-cyto7>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) are an essential component in the immunological defense network against a variety of harmful pathogens. We have studied the effects of the airborne pollutant sulfite on the calcium metabolism and respiratory burst of these cells simultaneously. METHODS A flow cytometric method was developed using the fluochromes Indo-1 and DHR-123. This method allowed us to investigate the real-time kinetics of intracellular free calcium and reactive oxygen intermediates in viable cells with a temporal resolution of 1 s over a time course of 17 min. An additional feature was the possibility to discriminate between reacting and nonreacting cells after treatment with defined stimuli, thus gaining additional insight into the behavior of cell subpopulations. RESULTS We analyzed the effects of sulfite on PMN before and after stimulation with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP). Treatment with sulfite alone (0.001-1 mM) caused a small, nontransient increase in intracellular calcium. Preincubation with sulfite reduced the maximal calcium response elicited by FMLP. A significant increase in steady-state calcium levels after stimulation with FMLP was observed after treatment with sulfite in concentrations of 10 and 100 mM. Regarding the respiratory burst, treatment with sulfite alone in concentrations of 0.001-1 mM induced a significant increase in DHR-123-derived fluorescence, whereas concentrations of 5 and 10 mM caused a significant depression of this fluorescence below baseline values. Sulfite caused a maximal twofold increase of DHR-123-derived fluorescence compared with the FMLP response. Similar results were obtained after preincubation with sulfite before treatment with FMLP, showing that the effect of sulfite on the respiratory burst was additive to the FMLP response. Regarding the fractions of responding cells, treatment with sulfite up to 1 mM induced a concentration-dependent increase of burst-reactive PMN, whereas preincubation before stimulation with FMLP showed no correlation between sulfite concentration and fraction of burst-reacting cells. CONCLUSIONS By simultaneous registration of [Ca(2+)](i) and [H(2)O(2)](i) of PMN after treatment with FMLP and sulfite, the essential responses were already observed within a short time interval (15 min). Striking differences were found in the response of calcium as second messenger and respiratory burst in PMN treated with sulfite. Until a critical concentration (0. 5-1 mM), sulfite caused a concentration-dependent increase of [H(2)O(2)](i), in addition to the FMLP-induced response. The [Ca(2+)](i) changes induced by sulfite alone, however, were found to be small and showed no correlation with the respiratory burst response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Grundler
- Flow Cytometry Group, GSF - National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kajiyama H, Nojima Y, Mitsuhashi H, Ueki K, Tamura S, Sekihara T, Wakamatsu R, Yano S, Naruse T. Elevated levels of serum sulfite in patients with chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:923-927. [PMID: 10770971 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfite, a well known air pollutant, is toxic for humans, especially those with sulfite hypersensitivity. Sulfite is also generated endogenously, during normal metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. Mammalian tissues contain the enzyme sulfite oxidase, which detoxifies both endogenous and exogenous sulfite by oxidation to sulfate. Deficiency of sulfite oxidase in humans is fatal, demonstrating its physiologic importance. Nevertheless, information about serum and tissue levels of sulfite in normal and pathologic conditions is limited. Using a sensitive HPLC assay, it is shown here that sera from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) contain significantly higher amounts of sulfite than those from healthy subjects. Mean +/- SD of serum sulfite in healthy subjects (n = 20) was 1.55 +/- 0.54 microM, whereas those in patients under maintenance hemodialysis (HD patients; n = 44) and CRF patients before introducing dialysis therapy (pre-HD patients; n = 33) were 3. 23 +/- 1.02 microM (P < 0.01) and 3.80 +/- 3.32 microM (P < 0.01), respectively. Among pre-HD patients, serum sulfite was positively correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0.714, P < 0.0001), and negatively with serum albumin (r = -0.407, P = 0.0188), hematocrit (r = -0.524, P = 0.0017), and total cholesterol (r = -0.375, P = 0. 0318). There was no significant association between sulfite and patient age, gender, or leukocyte counts. Multiple regression analysis revealed serum creatinine as the sole independent predictor of serum sulfite levels. Each HD treatment was associated with approximately 27% reduction in serum sulfite levels, suggesting the presence of a dialyzable form in serum. Thus, these results indicate that reduced glomerular filtration is a factor that determines serum sulfite levels. Chronic elevation in serum sulfite levels might contribute to tissue or organ dysfunction in patients with CRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kajiyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nojima
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideki Mitsuhashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazue Ueki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takuji Naruse
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Labbé P, Pelletier M, Omara FO, Girard D. Functional responses of human neutrophils to sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 1998; 17:600-5. [PMID: 9865416 DOI: 10.1177/096032719801701103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An influx of neutrophils into the airways is a common feature observed during pulmonary inflammation induced by air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide and sulfates. In the present study focusing on the in vitro interactions of sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) with human neutrophils, we confirm results indicating that this sulfite induces superoxide production (O2-) by itself. We demonstrated that this response can occur more rapidly than previously reported (within 5 min), and that Na2SO3 can act as a priming agent, in a concentration-dependent fashion, to the bacterial tripeptide N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP) by increasing O2-production. In addition, our results show that Na2SO3 induces gene expression in human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner as assessed by incorporation of 5-[3H] uridine into total RNA. However, it does not induce cell shape changes. We also demonstrated that Na2SO3 does not modulate neutrophil apoptosis nor reverse the well-known delaying effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on apoptosis. We conclude that Na2SO3 acts rapidly on neutrophil physiology, within a few minutes with respect to superoxide production, and a few hours (4 h) with respect to gene expression without altering a biological process such as the rate of apoptosis evaluated after a long period of incubation (20 h). We further conclude that Na2SO3-induced production of O2does not drive neutrophils to undergo apoptosis, a mechanism known to occur in other conditions. Therefore, the potential toxicity of Na2SO3 during pulmonary inflammation or lung-associated diseases may be related to its ability to induce superoxide production without altering neutrophil apoptosis rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Labbé
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Santé, Université du Québec, Pointe-Claire, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Constantin D, Bini A, Meletti E, Moldeus P, Monti D, Tomasi A. Age-related differences in the metabolism of sulphite to sulphate and in the identification of sulphur trioxide radical in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Mech Ageing Dev 1996; 88:95-109. [PMID: 8803926 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(96)01728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulphite oxidation and sulphur trioxide radical formation were studied in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) isolated from healthy young, old and centenarian donors and from patients with Down's syndrome. The sulphur radical formation measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy-spin trapping (EPR-ST) was correlated with the activity of sulphite oxidase and with the rate of sulphite oxidation to sulphate by PMNs. Sulphite metabolism was studied both in resting, and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated freshly isolated cells. The rate of sulphur trioxide radical formation was demonstrated by use of the spin trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyroline-1-oxide (DMPO) with subsequent formation of an adduct. The intensity of adduct formation was most intense in cells with low sulphite oxidase activity, while a mixture of the adduct and of DMPO hydroxyl radical was mainly observed in cells with high sulphite oxidase activity. Furthermore, experiments carried out on purified sulphite oxidase showed that in the presence of sulphite the enzyme could also give rise to a DMPO-OH adduct. Sulphite oxidase activity in cells isolated from healthy young and old donors was positive correlated with both rates of sulphur trioxide radical formation and sulphite oxidation to sulphate, respectively. However, sulphite oxidase activity in cells isolated from centenarians and patients with Down's syndrome seems to loose partly its rate of oxidising sulphite to sulphate. The intensity of the sulphur centred radical adduct increased in the two latter groups of population and the radical observed was predominantly sulphur trioxide radical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Constantin
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lovati MR, Manzoni C, Daldossi M, Spolti S, Sirtori CR. Effects of sub-chronic exposure to SO2 on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in rats. Arch Toxicol 1996; 70:164-73. [PMID: 8825673 DOI: 10.1007/s002040050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant, present in low concentrations in the urban air, and in higher concentrations in the working environment. While toxicological reports on SO2 have extensively dealt with the pulmonary system, essentially no data are available on the effects of chronic exposure to this pollutant on intermediary metabolism, although some biochemical changes in lipid metabolism have been detected. The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the effects of sub-chronic exposure to SO2 on concentrations of serum lipids/lipoproteins and on glucose metabolism, in animal models of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. A specially designed control-inert atmosphere chamber was used, where male Sprague-Dawley rats fed on either standard or cholesterol enriched (HC) diets, as well as streptozotocin diabetics, were exposed to SO2 at 5 and 10 ppm, 24 h per day for 14 days. In rats, both on a standard diet and on a HC regimen, SO2 exposure determined a significant dose-dependent increase in plasma triglycerides, up to +363% in the 10 ppm HC exposed animals. This same gas concentration significantly reduced HDL cholesterol levels. In contrast, exposure of diabetic animals to 10 ppm SO2 resulted in a fall (-41%) of plasma and liver triglycerides and in a concomitant increase (+62%) of plasma HDL cholesterol. This discrepancy could apparently be related to diverging effects of SO2 exposure on plasma insulin levels in the different animal groups. Kinetic analyses of triglyceride synthesis carried out in rats on a standard diet revealed, in exposed animals, a significant reduction in the secretory rate, in spite of the concomitant hypertriglyceridemia. These findings suggest that SO2 exposure can markedly modify major lipid and glycemic indices, also indicating a differential response in normo/hyperlipidemic versus diabetic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Lovati
- Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mishra A, Dayal N, Beck-Speier I. Effect of sulphite on the oxidative metabolism of human neutrophils: studies with lucigenin- and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. JOURNAL OF BIOLUMINESCENCE AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE 1995; 10:9-19. [PMID: 7762419 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1170100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of sulphite on the oxidative metabolism of human neutrophils, chemiluminescence (CL) measurements were performed using lucigenin and luminol as chemiluminigenic probes. Lucigenin-dependent CL was used for measuring superoxide anion (O2-) production, and luminol-dependent CL was used for determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-connected processes. With sulphite concentrations of 0.01 to 1 mmol/L, resting neutrophils showed an up to sixfold increase of lucigenin-dependent CL, but only a 1.9-fold increase of luminol-dependent CL. Subsequent stimulation of sulphite-treated neutrophils with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (soluble stimulant) or zymosan (particulate stimulant) resulted in an additional significant increase of lucigenin-dependent CL compared to stimulated control cells, whereas luminol-dependent CL increased slightly by 0.01 mmol/L sulphite and decreased then continuously. Sulphite concentrations above 1 mmol/L decreased both lucigenin- and luminol-dependent CL of resting and PMA- or zymosan-stimulated neutrophils. Lucigenin-dependent CL of sulphite-treated and subsequently stimulated neutrophils was strongly inhibited by extracellularly added superoxide dismutase, whereas luminol-dependent CL was markedly reduced by the MPO inhibitor azide. The intracellular activity of MPO in neutrophils stimulated with PMA in the presence of sulphite (2 mmol/L) was reduced by 55%. Sulphite (0.1 mmol/L) also inhibited strongly the activity of MPO in a cell-free system. These results indicate that micromolar concentrations of sulphite exert a stimulating effect on the O2- production of neutrophils extracellularly, but have an inhibitory effect on MPO-catalysed reactions intracellularly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mishra
- GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Projekt Inhalation, Neuherberg, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|