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Elbaset MA, Mohamed BMSA, Moustafa PE, Esatbeyoglu T, Afifi SM, Hessin AF, Abdelrahman SS, Fayed HM. Renoprotective Effect of Pitavastatin against TAA-Induced Renal Injury: Involvement of the miR-93/PTEN/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:6681873. [PMID: 38293706 PMCID: PMC10827367 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6681873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This research investigated if pitavastatin (Pita) might protect rats' kidneys against thioacetamide (TAA). By altering the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway, pitavastatin may boost kidney antioxidant capacity and minimize oxidative damage. Statins have several benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The principal hypothesis of this study was that Pita can regulate the miR-93/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathways, which is thought to be responsible for its renoprotective effects. The experiment divided male rats into four groups. Group 1 included untreated rats as the control. Group 2 included rats which received TAA (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally thrice a week for two weeks) to destroy their kidneys. Groups 3 and 4 included rats which received Pita orally at 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg for 14 days after TAA injections. Renal injury increased BUN, creatinine, and MDA levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Pitavastatin prevented these alterations. TAA decreased PTEN and increased miR-93, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, and Stat3 in the kidneys. Pitavastatin also regulated the associated culprit pathway, miR-93/PTEN/Akt/mTOR. In addition, TAA induced adverse effects on the kidney tissue, which were significantly ameliorated by pitavastatin treatment. The findings suggest that pitavastatin can attenuate renal injury, likely by regulating the miR-93/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway. This modulation of the pathway appears to contribute to the protective effects of pitavastatin against TAA-induced renal injury, adding to the growing evidence of the pleiotropic benefits of statins in renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan A. Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bassim M. S. A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Passant E. Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Molecular Food Chemistry and Food Development, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Alyaa F. Hessin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar S. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Fayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Chaulin AM. The Essential Strategies to Mitigate Cardiotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2148. [PMID: 38004288 PMCID: PMC10672543 DOI: 10.3390/life13112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of mechanisms underlying cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin and the development of strategies to mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity are the most relevant issues of modern cardio-oncology. This is due to the high prevalence of cancer in the population and the need for frequent use of highly effective chemotherapeutic agents, in particular anthracyclines, for optimal management of cancer patients. However, while being a potent agent to counteract cancer, doxorubicin also affects the cardiovascular systems of patients undergoing chemotherapy in a significant and unfavorable fashion. Consecutively reviewed in this article are risk factors and mechanisms of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, and the essential strategies to mitigate cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin treatment in cancer patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia;
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia
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3
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Dautović E, Rustemović-Čorbić M, Srabović N, Softić A, Smajlović A, Husejnović MŠ, Hatkić A, Halilčević D. Some pleiotropic effects of statins on hepatocellular carcinoma cells: Comparative study on atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:258-264. [PMID: 37478516 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For many years, statins have been the most commonly used drugs in cholesterol-lowering therapy. In addition to these therapeutic effects, statins exhibit other, pleiotropic effects that can be beneficial, but also harmful to cells and tissues. The aim of this research was to determine and compare the pleiotropic effects of structurally different statins: atorvastatin, simvastatin and rosuvastatin at different concentrations on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of statins. The influence of statins on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by measuring fluorescent response of 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The effect of statins on glucose production and excretion was determined with glucose production assay. RESULTS The obtained results confirmed that all tested statins exhibit cytotoxic effects, increase the production of ROS as well as the production and excretion of glucose from HepG2 cells. It was observed that all the mentioned effects are more pronounced with lipophilic statins, atorvastatin and simvastatin compared to hydrophilic rosuvastatin. CONCLUSION The less pronounced pleiotropic effects of rosuvastatin on HepG2 cells are probably due to differences in structure and solubility compared to atorvastatin and simvastatin. Transporter-dependent and a slower influx of rosuvastatin into cells compared to the tested lipophilic statins probably lead to a weaker accumulation of rosuvastatin in HepG2 cells, which results in less pronounced pleiotropic effects compared to lipophilic atorvastatin and simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Dautović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | | | - Nahida Srabović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adaleta Softić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aida Smajlović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Šljivić Husejnović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alen Hatkić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dalila Halilčević
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Krása K, Vajnerová O, Ďurišová J, Minaříková M, Miková D, Srbová M, Chalupský K, Kaftanová B, Hampl V. Simvastatin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate effects against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension are not additive. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a group of disorders characterized by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance. To test our hypothesis that combining two drugs useful in experimental pulmonary hypertension, statins and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA S), is more effective than either agent alone, we induced pulmonary hypertension in adult male rats by exposing them to hypoxia (10%O2) for 3 weeks. We treated them with simvastatin (60 mg/l) and DHEA S (100 mg/l) in drinking water, either alone or in combination. Both simvastatin and DHEA S reduced mPAP (froma mean±s.d. of 34.4±4.4 to 27.6±5.9 and 26.7±4.8 mmHg, respectively), yet their combination was not more effective (26.7±7.9 mmHg). Differences in the degree of oxidative stress (indicated by malondialdehydeplasma concentration),the rate of superoxide production (electron paramagnetic resonance), or blood nitric oxide levels (chemiluminescence) did not explain the lack of additivity of the effect of DHEA S and simvastatin on pulmonary hypertension. We propose that the main mechanism of both drugs on pulmonary hypertension could be their inhibitory effect on 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, which could explain their lack of additivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krása
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Vital KD, Cardoso BG, Lima IP, Campos AB, Teixeira BF, Pires LO, Dias BC, de Alcantara Candido P, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SOA. Therapeutic effects and the impact of statins in the prevention of ulcerative colitis in preclinical models: A systematic review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:493-507. [PMID: 36514874 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the large intestines. Although great advances have been made in the management of the disease with the introduction of immunomodulators and biological agents, the treatment of UC is still a challenge. So far, there are no definitive therapies for this condition. Statins are potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, possess beneficial effects on primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, and have high tolerability and safety. Furthermore, they may have potential roles in UC management due to their possible anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This systematic review aimed to gather information about the potential benefits of statins for managing UC, reducing inflammation and disease remission in animal models. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library. The data were summarized in tables and critically analyzed. After the database search, 21 relevant studies were identified as eligible for this review. Preclinical studies using several colitis-induction protocols and various statins have shown numerous beneficial effects of these drugs on reducing disease activity, inflammatory profile, oxidative stress, and general clinical parameters of animals with UC. These studies revealed the potential of statins against the pathogenesis of UC. However, there are still important gaps regarding the molecular mechanisms of action of statins, leading to some contradictory results. Thus, more research on the molecular level to determine the roles of statins in colitis should be carried out to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Duarte Vital
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbara Gatti Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Pinheiro Lima
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Beatriz Campos
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Faria Teixeira
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Octávio Pires
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Coutinho Dias
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Alcantara Candido
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Schoch L, Sutelman P, Suades R, Casani L, Padro T, Badimon L, Vilahur G. Hypercholesterolemia-Induced HDL Dysfunction Can Be Reversed: The Impact of Diet and Statin Treatment in a Preclinical Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8596. [PMID: 35955730 PMCID: PMC9368958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) undergo adverse remodeling and loss of function in the presence of comorbidities. We assessed the potential of lipid-lowering approaches (diet and rosuvastatin) to rescue hypercholesterolemia-induced HDL dysfunction. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in 32 pigs for 10 days. Then, they randomly received one of the 30-day interventions: (I) hypercholesterolemic (HC) diet; (II) HC diet + rosuvastatin; (III) normocholesterolemic (NC) diet; (IV) NC diet + rosuvastatin. We determined cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), antioxidant potential, HDL particle number, HDL apolipoprotein content, LDL oxidation, and lipid levels. Hypercholesterolemia time-dependently impaired HDL function (−62% CEC, −11% antioxidant index (AOI); p < 0.01), increased HDL particles numbers 2.8-fold (p < 0.0001), reduced HDL-bound APOM (−23%; p < 0.0001), and increased LDL oxidation 1.7-fold (p < 0.0001). These parameters remained unchanged in animals on HC diet alone up to day 40, while AOI deteriorated up to day 25 (−30%). The switch to NC diet reversed HDL dysfunction, restored apolipoprotein M content and particle numbers, and normalized cholesterol levels at day 40. Rosuvastatin improved HDL, AOI, and apolipoprotein M content. Apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein C-III remained unchanged. Lowering LDL-C levels with a low-fat diet rescues HDL CEC and antioxidant potential, while the addition of rosuvastatin enhances HDL antioxidant capacity in a pig model of hypercholesterolemia. Both strategies restore HDL-bound apolipoprotein M content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schoch
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.) (P.S.); (R.S.); (L.C.); (T.P.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sutelman
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.) (P.S.); (R.S.); (L.C.); (T.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.) (P.S.); (R.S.); (L.C.); (T.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Casani
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.) (P.S.); (R.S.); (L.C.); (T.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.) (P.S.); (R.S.); (L.C.); (T.P.); (L.B.)
- CiberCV, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.) (P.S.); (R.S.); (L.C.); (T.P.); (L.B.)
- CiberCV, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.) (P.S.); (R.S.); (L.C.); (T.P.); (L.B.)
- CiberCV, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Bais T, Gansevoort RT, Meijer E. Drugs in Clinical Development to Treat Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Drugs 2022; 82:1095-1115. [PMID: 35852784 PMCID: PMC9329410 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive cyst formation that ultimately leads to kidney failure in most patients. Approximately 10% of patients who receive kidney replacement therapy suffer from ADPKD. To date, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (V2RA) is the only drug that has been proven to attenuate disease progression. However, aquaresis-related adverse events limit its widespread use. Data on the renoprotective effects of somatostatin analogues differ largely between studies and medications. This review discusses new drugs that are investigated in clinical trials to treat ADPKD, such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators and micro RNA inhibitors, and drugs already marketed for other indications that are being investigated for off-label use in ADPKD, such as metformin. In addition, potential methods to improve the tolerability of V2RAs are discussed, as well as methods to select patients with (likely) rapid disease progression and issues regarding the translation of preclinical data into clinical practice. Since ADPKD is a complex disease with a high degree of interindividual heterogeneity, and the mechanisms involved in cyst growth also have important functions in various physiological processes, it may prove difficult to develop drugs that target cyst growth without causing major adverse events. This is especially important since long-standing treatment is necessary in this chronic disease. This review therefore also discusses approaches to targeted therapy to minimize systemic side effects. Hopefully, these developments will advance the treatment of ADPKD.
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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121871. [PMID: 34944687 PMCID: PMC8698567 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It is characterized initially by an inflammatory process, followed by tissue remodeling and fibrosis, leading to proptosis, exposure keratopathy, ocular motility limitation, and compressive optic neuropathy. The pathogenic mechanism is complex and multifactorial. Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GO. Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for GO, has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage in GO orbital fibroblasts. In addition, an elevation in ROS and antioxidant enzymes is observed in tears, blood, and urine, as well as orbital fibroadipose tissues and fibroblasts from GO patients. In vitro and in vivo studies have examined the efficacy of various antioxidant supplements for GO. These findings suggest a therapeutic role of antioxidants in GO patients. This review summarizes the current understanding of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and potential antioxidants for the treatment of GO.
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Dos Santos L, Maciel LDO, Gracia EKI, Soares EA, Sarto DAQS, Barauna VG, Estrela HFG, Rocha CM, Carvalho MDGDS, Boas BMV, Garcia JAD. Ethereal Extract of Pepper: Preventing Atherosclerosis and Left Ventricle Remodeling in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:51-57. [PMID: 33859959 PMCID: PMC8027052 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In this study we compared the effects of oral treatment with red pepper ethereal extracts or simvastatin on dyslipidemia, left ventricle remodeling, and atherosclerotic lesions of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor knockout mice (LDLr-/-) fed a hyperlipidic diet. Forty 3-month-old male mice were distributed into four groups: control (C; animals fed a standard diet), HL (ani-mals fed a hyperlipidic diet), and HL+P or HL+S (animals fed a hyperlipidic diet plus red pepper ethereal extracts or simvastatin, respectively). After 60 days, treatment with both red pepper ethereal extracts and simvastatin prevented dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic lesion progression, and left ventricle hypertrophy. Our results suggest a cardioprotective effect of red pepper ethereal extracts in LDLr-/- mice, which is comparable to the well-known effects of simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Dos Santos
- Pernambuco Rural Federal University ‒ Serra Talhada Academic Unit (UFRPE ‒ UAST), Serra Talhada, PE 56909-535, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Aparecida Quintino Silva Sarto
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal Institute of Southern Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS) ‒ Campus Machado, Machado, MG 37750-000, Brazil
| | - Valério Garrone Barauna
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brazil
| | | | - Carollayne Mendonça Rocha
- Department of Medicine, José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, MG 37132-440, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças de Souza Carvalho
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Reproduction Sanitation and Animal Welfare, José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, MG 37132-440, Brazil
| | - Brígida Monteiro Vilas Boas
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal Institute of Southern Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS) ‒ Campus Machado, Machado, MG 37750-000, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Dias Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal Institute of Southern Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS) ‒ Campus Machado, Machado, MG 37750-000, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, MG 37132-440, Brazil.,Department of Postgraduate Program in Reproduction Sanitation and Animal Welfare, José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, MG 37132-440, Brazil
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10
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McGregor GH, Campbell AD, Fey SK, Tumanov S, Sumpton D, Blanco GR, Mackay G, Nixon C, Vazquez A, Sansom OJ, Kamphorst JJ. Targeting the Metabolic Response to Statin-Mediated Oxidative Stress Produces a Synergistic Antitumor Response. Cancer Res 2020; 80:175-188. [PMID: 31562248 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins are widely prescribed inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway, acting to lower systemic cholesterol levels. The mevalonate pathway is critical for tumorigenesis and is frequently upregulated in cancer. Nonetheless, reported effects of statins on tumor progression are ambiguous, making it unclear whether statins, alone or in combination, can be used for chemotherapy. Here, using advanced mass spectrometry and isotope tracing, we showed that statins only modestly affected cancer cholesterol homeostasis. Instead, they significantly reduced synthesis and levels of another downstream product, the mitochondrial electron carrier coenzyme Q, both in cultured cancer cells and tumors. This compromised oxidative phosphorylation, causing severe oxidative stress. To compensate, cancer cells upregulated antioxidant metabolic pathways, including reductive carboxylation, proline synthesis, and cystine import. Targeting cystine import with an xCT transporter-lowering MEK inhibitor, in combination with statins, caused profound tumor cell death. Thus, statin-induced ROS production in cancer cells can be exploited in a combinatorial regimen. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer cells induce specific metabolic pathways to alleviate the increased oxidative stress caused by statin treatment, and targeting one of these pathways synergizes with statins to produce a robust antitumor response.See related commentary by Cordes and Metallo, p. 151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H McGregor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sigrid K Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gillian Mackay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei Vazquez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Rheos Medicines Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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11
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Gluba-Brzozka A, Franczyk B, Rysz J. Cholesterol Disturbances and the Role of Proper Nutrition in CKD Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2820. [PMID: 31752189 PMCID: PMC6893650 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread disease with increasing prevalence in the modern society. Lipid disturbances are common in this group of patients. In most patients with CKD atherogenic dyslipidemia is observed. Dyslipidemia in patients with renal diseases increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and it accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease to its end stage. The amelioration of dyslipidemia and the lowering of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, insulin sensitivity and remnant lipoproteins levels may lead to the reduction in cardiovascular burden. Nutritional interventions can strengthen the beneficial effect of treatment and they play an important role in the preservation of overall well-being of the patients with CKD since the aim of appropriate diet is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, prevent malnutrition, and hamper the progression of kidney disease. The management of dyslipidemia, regardless of the presence of chronic kidney disease, should be initiated by the introduction of therapeutic lifestyle changes. The introduction of diet change was shown to exert beneficial effect on the lipid level lowering that reaches beyond pharmacological therapy. Currently available evidence give the impression that data on dietary interventions in CKD patients is not sufficient to make any clinical practice guidelines and is of low quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Brzozka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (J.R.)
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12
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Tang TH, Hwang JH, Yang TH, Hsu CJ, Wu CC, Liu TC. Can Nutritional Intervention for Obesity and Comorbidities Slow Down Age-Related Hearing Impairment? Nutrients 2019; 11:E1668. [PMID: 31330876 PMCID: PMC6682960 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), the most common sensory deficit in the elderly, is associated with enormous social and public health burdens. Emerging evidence has suggested that obesity and comorbidities might increase the risk of ARHI. However, no reviews have been published that address the role of nutritional interventions for obesity and comorbidities in the prevention of ARHI. METHODS A PubMed database search was conducted to identify the relationship between obesity and ARHI. "Obesity", "metabolic syndrome", "adipose-derived hormone", "fatty acid", and "age-related hearing impairment" were included as keywords. RESULTS A total of 89 articles was analyzed with 39 articles of relevance to ARHI. A high-fat diet may induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis in the inner ear. Statins have been shown to delay the progression of ARHI by improving the lipid profile, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting endothelial inflammation. Aldosterone could exert protective effects against ARHI by upregulating the Na-K-2Cl co-transporter 1 in the cochlea. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could preserve the cochlear microcirculation by reducing dyslipidemia and inhibiting inflammation. Alpha-lipoic acid and lecithin might delay the progression of ARHI by protecting cochlear mitochondrial DNA from damage due to oxidative stress. Tea and ginseng might protect against ARHI through their anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional interventions for obesity and comorbidities, including a low-fat diet, supplementation with statins, aldosterone, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-lipoic acids, lecithin, tea, and ginseng, may protect against the development of ARHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Juen-Haur Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Jen Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Tien-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Kaushik S, Tomar A, Puthanmadhom Narayanan S, Nag TC, Arya DS, Bhatia J. Pitavastatin attenuates cisplatin-induced renal injury by targeting MAPK and apoptotic pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1072-1081. [PMID: 30957246 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-neoplastic drug cisplatin is prescribed widely for treatment of a variety of malignancies. Its use has been restricted lately due to severe renal toxicity. The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of pitavastatin (a hypolipidaemic drug) in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. METHOD Male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were treated with different doses of pitavastatin (0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/kg per day p.o.; 10 days). On 7th day of the study, rats were administered cisplatin (8 mg/kg i.p.). Rats were euthanized (11th day), and blood and tissues were processed to evaluate biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural parameters along with the analysis of immunohistochemistry and DNA-fragmentation studies. Protein expressions were analysed to demonstrate the underlying molecular mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS In the study group with cisplatin insult, KFT parameters were found to be elevated, concentration of apoptotic markers was found to be increased, histopathological and ultramicroscopical architecture was found to be distorted and the expression of MAPK proteins was also found to be elevated as compared to the normal group rats. Pitavastatin treatment alleviated all these anomalies. CONCLUSION Cisplatin-induced acute renal injury was improved on administration of pitavastatin via inhibition of MAPK and apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kaushik
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ameesha Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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14
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Pontes HBD, Pontes JCDV, Azevedo Neto ED, Vendas GSDC, Miranda JVC, Dias LDES, Oliva JVDG, Almeida MHMD, Chaves IDO, Sampaio TL, Santos CHMD, Dourado DM. Evaluation of the Effects of Atorvastatin and Ischemic Postconditioning Preventing on the Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: Experimental Study in Rats. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 33:72-81. [PMID: 29617505 PMCID: PMC5873777 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reperfusion injury leads to systemic morphological and functional pathological alterations. Some techniques are already estabilished to attenuate the damage induced by reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning is one of the standard procedures. In the last 20 years, several experimental trials demonstrated that the ischemic postconditioning presents similar effectiveness. Recently experimental trials demonstrated that statins could be used as pharmacological preconditioning. METHODS 41 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were distributed in 5 groups: Ischemia and Reperfusion (A), Ischemic Postconditioning (B), Statin (C), Ischemic Postconditioning + Statins (D) and SHAM (E). After euthanasia, lungs, liver, kidneys and ileum were resected and submitted to histopathological analysis. RESULTS The average of lung parenchymal injury was A=3.6, B=1.6, C=1.2, D=1.2, E=1 (P=0.0029). The average of liver parenchymal injury was A=3, B=1.5, C=1.2, D=1.2, E = 0 (P<0.0001). The average of renal parenchymal injury was A=4, B=2.44, C=1.22, D=1.11, E=1 (P<0.0001). The average of intestinal parenchymal injury was A=2, B=0.66, C=0, D=0, E=0 (P=0.0006). The results were submitted to statistics applying Kruskal-Wallis test, estabilishing level of significance P<0.05. CONCLUSION Groups submitted to ischemic postconditioning, to pre-treatment with statins and both methods associated demonstrated less remote reperfusion injuries, compared to the group submitted to ischemia and reperfusion without protection.
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15
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Singh JA, Cleveland JD. Gout and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in the elderly. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199562. [PMID: 30001351 PMCID: PMC6042699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess whether gout is associated with incident age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Methods We used the 5% Medicare claims data from 2006–12 for all beneficiaries who were enrolled in Medicare fee-for-service (Parts A, B) and not enrolled in a Medicare Advantage Plan, and resided in the U.S. People were censored at the occurrence of new diagnosis of AMD, death or the end of study (12/31/2012), whichever occurred first. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses to assess the association of gout with incident AMD, adjusted for demographics, comorbidity, and use of medications for cardiovascular disease and gout. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results In this observational cohort study, of the 1,684,314 eligible people, 116,097 developed incident AMD (6.9%). Incidence rates of AMD per 1,000 person-years were 20.1 for people with gout and 11.7 for people without gout. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, a diagnosis of gout was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident AMD with a hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.35, 1.43). This association was confirmed in sensitivity analyses that substituted Charlson-Romano comorbidity index continuous score with either a categorical Charlson-Romano comorbidity index score or individual Charlson-Romano index comorbidities plus hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease. Other covariates significantly associated with higher hazards of incident AMD were older age, female gender, White race/ethnicity, and higher Charlson-Romano comorbidity index score. Conclusions We noted a novel association of gout with AMD in the elderly. Future studies should investigate the pathways that mediate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A Singh
- Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.,Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.,Department of Epidemiology at the UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John D Cleveland
- Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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16
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Misiak B, Beszłej JA, Kotowicz K, Szewczuk-Bogusławska M, Samochowiec J, Kucharska-Mazur J, Frydecka D. Cytokine alterations and cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder: From putative mechanisms to novel treatment targets. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:177-188. [PMID: 28433456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates the involvement of immune-inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Peripheral cytokine alterations serve as one of most consistently reported indices of subthreshold inflammatory state observed in MDD. Although cytokines cannot pass directly through the blood-brain barrier, a number of transport mechanisms have been reported. In addition, peripheral cytokines may impact central nervous system via downstream effectors of their biological activity. Animal model studies have provided evidence that cytokines might impact cognitive performance through direct and indirect effects on long-term potentiation, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that cytokine alterations might contribute to cognitive impairment that is widely observed in MDD and persists beyond episodes of acute relapse in the majority of patients. Although several studies have provided that peripheral cytokine alterations might be related to cognitive deficits in patients with MDD, the quality of evidence still leaves much to be desired due to methodological heterogeneity and limitations. In this article, we provide an overview of studies investigating the association between peripheral cytokine alterations and cognitive performance in MDD, discuss underlying mechanisms and neural substrates. Finally, we propose possible treatment targets related to cytokine alterations taking into account existing evidence for antidepressant efficacy of anti-inflammatory pharmacological treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 1 Marcinkowski Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Aleksander Beszłej
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Kotowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 26 Broniewski Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 26 Broniewski Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Santos L, Davel AP, Almeida TIR, Almeida MR, Soares EA, Fernandes GJM, Magalhães SF, Barauna VG, Garcia JAD. Soy milk versus simvastatin for preventing atherosclerosis and left ventricle remodeling in LDL receptor knockout mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5854. [PMID: 28225891 PMCID: PMC5333721 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional food intake has been highlighted as a strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases by reducing risk factors. In this study, we compared the effects of oral treatment with soy milk and simvastatin on dyslipidemia, left ventricle remodeling and atherosclerotic lesion of LDL receptor knockout mice (LDLr-/-) fed a hyperlipidic diet. Forty 3-month old male LDLr-/- mice were distributed into four groups: control group (C), in which animals received standard diet; HL group, in which animals were fed a hyperlipidic diet; HL+SM or HL+S groups, in which animals were submitted to a hyperlipidic diet plus soy milk or simvastatin, respectively. After 60 days, both soy milk and simvastatin treatment prevented dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic lesion progression and left ventricle hypertrophy in LDLr-/- mice. These beneficial effects of soy milk and simvastatin were associated with reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory state in the heart and aorta caused by the hyperlipidic diet. Treatment with soy milk was more effective in preventing HDLc reduction and triacylglycerol and VLDLc increase. On the other hand, simvastatin was more effective in preventing an increase in total cholesterol, LDLc and superoxide production in aorta, as well as CD40L both in aorta and left ventricle of LDLr-/-. In conclusion, our results suggest a cardioprotective effect of soy milk in LDLr-/- mice comparable to the well-known effects of simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Santos
- Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil.,Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - A P Davel
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - T I R Almeida
- Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas, Muzambinho, MG, Brasil
| | - M R Almeida
- Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas, Muzambinho, MG, Brasil
| | - E A Soares
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - G J M Fernandes
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - S F Magalhães
- Departmento de Biomedicina, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - V G Barauna
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - J A D Garcia
- Departmento de Tecnologia, Ciência e Educação, Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas, Machado, MG, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
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Kim JM, Back MK, Yi HS, Joung KH, Kim HJ, Ku BJ. Effect of Atorvastatin on Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:70-8. [PMID: 26616597 PMCID: PMC4768053 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) are associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the effects of atorvastatin on metabolic parameters and GDF-15 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia were evaluated. METHODS In this prospective randomized trial from February 2013 to March 2014, 50 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients with a low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ≥100 mg/dL were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups based on the amount of atorvastatin prescribed, 10 mg/day (n=23) or 40 mg/day (n=27). The effect of atorvastatin on metabolic parameters, including lipid profiles and GDF-15 levels, at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment were compared. RESULTS The baseline metabolic parameters and GDF-15 levels were not significantly different between the two groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, the total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C levels were significantly decreased in both groups. The mean changes in TC and LDL-C levels were more significant in the 40 mg atorvastatin group. The GDF-15 level was decreased in the 10 mg atorvastatin group, from 1,460.6±874.8 to 1,451.0±770.8 pg/mL, and was increased in the 40 mg atorvastatin group, from 1,271.6±801.0 to 1,341.4±855.2 pg/mL. However, the change in the GDF-15 level was not statistically significant in the 10 or 40 mg atorvastatin group (P=0.665 and P=0.745, respectively). CONCLUSION The GDF-15 levels were not significantly changed after an 8-week treatment with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Back
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyon Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyong Hye Joung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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Kilic U, Gok O, Elibol-Can B, Uysal O, Bacaksiz A. Efficacy of statins on sirtuin 1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression: the role of sirtuin 1 gene variants in human coronary atherosclerosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:321-30. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology and Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER); Istanbul Medipol University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Department of Medical Biology and Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER); Istanbul Medipol University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Birsen Elibol-Can
- Department of Medical Biology; Bezmialem Vakif University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Omer Uysal
- Department of Biostatistics; Bezmialem Vakif University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bacaksiz
- Department of Cardiology; Bezmialem Vakif University; Istanbul Turkey
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20
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Atorvastatin treatment affects atrial ion currents and their tachycardia-induced remodeling in rabbits. Life Sci 2010; 87:507-13. [PMID: 20851131 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) leads to electrical atrial remodeling including alterations of various ion channels early after arrhythmia onset. The beneficial effects of statins in AF treatment due to their influence on oxidative stress and inflammation are discussed. Our hypothesis was that statins might also alter atrial ion currents and their early tachycardia-induced remodeling. MAIN METHODS Effects of an atorvastatin treatment (7 days) on atrial ion currents and their tachycardia-induced alterations were studied in a rabbit model of tachycardia-induced electrical remodeling (rapid atrial pacing (600 min) for 24 and 120 h). Ion currents (L-type calcium channel [I(Ca,L)], transient outward current [I(to)]) were measured using whole cell patch clamp method and were compared with previous experiments in untreated but also tachypaced animals. KEY FINDINGS Atorvastatin treatment alone decreased I(Ca,L) similar to rapid atrial pacing alone, currents were also further reduced by additional atrial tachypacing. I(to) and its pacing-induced down-regulation after 24 h were not influenced by atorvastatin treatment. However, I(to) was still reduced after 120 h in atorvastatin-treated animals and did not return to control values as expected. SIGNIFICANCE The present study establishes that an atorvastatin treatment can affect atrial ion currents and their tachycardia-induced remodeling in a rabbit model. These results show that-amongst other positive effects on oxidative stress and inflammation-the impact of statins on ion currents and their tachycardia-induced alterations might also play a role in "upstream" treatment of AF with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
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Chartoumpekis D, Ziros PG, Psyrogiannis A, Kyriazopoulou V, Papavassiliou AG, Habeos IG. Simvastatin lowers reactive oxygen species level by Nrf2 activation via PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:463-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Antioxidant status of atorvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0910063n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was an attempt to establish the extent of increased oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic patients and to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on the oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Blood samples of 15 subjects (age and sex matched) from three groups: group I (healthy subjects), group II (hypercholesterolemic patients with atorvastatin treatment) and group III (hypercholesterolemic patients without any hypolipidemic drug) were taken and centrifuged to separate the plasma, which was used for the determination of vitamin E. The separated cells were washed thrice with 0.90 % w/v cold normal saline and used for the assay of the percentage hemolysis of the RBCs, and the determination of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and hemoglobin. The levels of oxidative stress were higher in the hypercholesterolemic in comparison to the control and atorvastatin group. The levels of antioxidants were higher in the atorvastatin group than in the hypercholesterolemic one but were lower than the controls. From these findings, it was concluded that there is an increase in oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemia but it decreased significantly after 2 months of atorvastatin therapy and antioxidant status also improves in patients taking atorvastatin.
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Elias JAZ, Delfino VDA, Barbosa DS, Fabris BA, Matsuo T. Efeito do ramipril e da sinvastatina sobre o estresse oxidativo de ratos diabéticos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 52:1131-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302008000700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o ramipril, isoladamente ou em combinação com a sinvastatina, seria capaz de reduzir o estresse oxidativo de ratos diabéticos pela estreptozotocina (STZ). MÉTODOS: As drogas foram administradas a ratos diabéticos por duas semanas; o estresse oxidativo foi medido por dosagem de capacidade antioxidante total plasmática (TRAP) e malonaldeído (MDA). RESULTADOS: O ramipril usado isoladamente foi capaz de aumentar significativamente as defesas antioxidantes do rato diabético; a sinvastatina isoladamente ou combinada ao ramipril em tomadas separadas não produziu efeito significativo sobre o estresse oxidativo; a administração simultânea de ramipril e sinvastatina reduziu as defesas antioxidantes plasmáticas de ratos com diabetes melito químico. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados do presente estudo corroboram o efeito positivo do ramipril sobre a defesa antioxidante do plasma, mas não confirmam um possível efeito benéfico da sinvastatina no modelo. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para clarificar a paradoxal redução da TRAP verificada pela administração simultânea das drogas.
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Ajith TA, Soja M. A comparative study on the antimutagenicity of atorvastatin and lovastatin against directly acting mutagens. Cell Biol Toxicol 2006; 22:269-74. [PMID: 16642263 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-006-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of oxidative DNA lesions have been noted in many tumors and such damage is strongly implicated in the etiology of cancer. The cumulative risk of cancer increases with the fourth power of age and is associated with an accumulation of oxidative DNA damage. Many agents, synthetic or natural, that can inhibit mutation have been depicted as cancer chemopreventive agents. Antimutagenicity of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylgutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors atorvastatin and lovastatin was studied using the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay. Directly acting mutagens, sodium azide (NaN(3)) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPDA), were used to induce mutation in Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100. The antimutagenicity of lovastatin and atorvastatin was found to be significant (p < 0.01) and dose-dependent. The percentage inhibition of a 3 mg lovastatin-treated plate was found to be 79.9% and 61.8% against NPDA- and NaN(3)-induced mutation to TA98 and TA100, respectively. Atorvastatin (0.5 mg/plate) inhibited NPDA-and NaN(3)-induced mutation to TA98 and TA100 by 78.6% and 45.5%, respectively. Atorvastatin showed antimutagenic activity at lower concentrations than lovatstatin. The results of the present study regarding the antimutagenic activity of atorvastatin and lovastatin suggested their therapeutic application as cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Ajith
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
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Ajith TA, Harikumar KB, Thasna H, Sabu MC, Babitha NV. Proapoptotic and antitumor activities of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, lovastatin, against Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites tumor in mice. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 366:322-8. [PMID: 16380106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet rich in fat have a clear effect on the tumor incidence in humans. Increased level of lipid peroxidation were found in colon, liver, breast and kidney carcinogenesis. Although the beneficial effects of statins for cardiovascular diseases are well established, their importance in the area of cancer therapeutics has recently gained recognition. Many studies of lovastatin in in vitro systems and experimental animals have been reported as an effective antitumor agent. However, phase I/II clinical trials in cancer patients demonstrated a minor to non-significant responses. Hence more studies in different tumor models using doses corresponding to that used to reduce lipid in human are required to support the antitumor activity. METHODS The antitumor activity was evaluated using Daltons' Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cell line-induced ascites tumor model in mice. Proapoptotic activity was evaluated in DLA cell line induced ascites animals after the treatment of lovastatin. Apoptosis was analyzed morphologically by staining with Giemsa and biochemically by observing the laddering of DNA in agarose gel electrophoresis. In vitro cytotoxic activity of lovastatin was studied by trypan blue dye exclusion method. Lipid peroxidation inhibiting activity was demonstrated in Fe2+-ascorbate induced rat whole liver homogenate. RESULTS Lovastatin dose dependently inhibited the ascites tumor growth at 4 and 16 mg/kg body wt (p.o). The percentage increase in life span (%ILS) in the 16 mg/kg treated group was 61.8% (P<0.01). Single dose of lovastatin (16 mg/kg body wt, p.o) was also effective to accelerate the apoptosis in the ascites tumor bearing mice that was evident from the multiple fragmentation of DNA in gel electrophoresis. Further the morphological analysis of DLA cells aspirated from the lovastatin treated animals showed a significant (P<0.01) increase of apoptotic cells (15.5+/-3%) than the control animals (6.5+/-1%). Concentration of lovastatin required for the 50% of the cytotoxicity was 37+/-5 microg/ml. Lovastatin at its low concentrations were effective to inhibit lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS The antitumor activity of lovastatin against the ascites tumor is due to its proapoptotic and cytotoxic activities. Lovastatin at low concentrations inhibited Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in in vitro system. The proapoptotic and lipid peroxidation inhibiting activities of the lipid lowering drug lovastatin may further suggest its possible therapeutic use as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Ajith
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala 680 555, India.
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