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Neira JA, Conrad JV, Rusteika M, Chu LF. The progress of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from pigs: a mini review of recent advances. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1371240. [PMID: 38979033 PMCID: PMC11228285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1371240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs (Sus scrofa) are widely acknowledged as an important large mammalian animal model due to their similarity to human physiology, genetics, and immunology. Leveraging the full potential of this model presents significant opportunities for major advancements in the fields of comparative biology, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Thus, the derivation of pluripotent stem cells from this species can offer new tools for disease modeling and serve as a stepping stone to test future autologous or allogeneic cell-based therapies. Over the past few decades, great progress has been made in establishing porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (pESCs) derived from pre- and peri-implantation embryos, and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) using a variety of cellular reprogramming strategies. However, the stabilization of pPSCs was not as straightforward as directly applying the culture conditions developed and optimized for murine or primate PSCs. Therefore, it has historically been challenging to establish stable pPSC lines that could pass stringent pluripotency tests. Here, we review recent advances in the establishment of stable porcine PSCs. We focus on the evolving derivation methods that eventually led to the establishment of pESCs and transgene-free piPSCs, as well as current challenges and opportunities in this rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Neira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Vanessa Conrad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Margaret Rusteika
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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2
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Conrad JV, Neira JA, Rusteika M, Meyer S, Clegg DO, Chu LF. Establishment of Transgene-Free Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e1012. [PMID: 38712688 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Although protocols to generate authentic transgene-free mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are now well established, standard methods for reprogramming porcine somatic cells still suffer from low efficiency and transgene retention. The Basic Protocol describes reprogramming procedures to establish transgene-free porcine iPSCs (PiPSCs) from porcine fibroblasts. This method uses episomal plasmids encoding POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, SV40LT, c-MYC, LIN28A, and microRNA-302/367, combined with an optimized medium, to establish PiPSC lines. Support protocols describe the establishment and characterization of clonal PiPSC lines, as well as the preparation of feeder cells and EBNA1 mRNA. This optimized, step-by-step approach tailored to this species enables the efficient derivation of PiPSCs in ∼4 weeks. The establishment of transgene-free PiPSCs provides a new and valuable model for studies of larger mammalian species' development, disease, and regenerative biology. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Reprogramming of porcine fibroblasts with episomal plasmids Support Protocol 1: Preparation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts for feeder layer Support Protocol 2: Preparation of in vitro-transcribed EBNA1 mRNA Support Protocol 3: Establishment of clonal porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) lines Support Protocol 4: PiPSC characterization: Genomic DNA PCR and RT-PCR Support Protocol 5: PiPSC characterization: Immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vanessa Conrad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaime A Neira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Margaret Rusteika
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susanne Meyer
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Conrad JV, Meyer S, Ramesh PS, Neira JA, Rusteika M, Mamott D, Duffin B, Bautista M, Zhang J, Hiles E, Higgins EM, Steill J, Freeman J, Ni Z, Liu S, Ungrin M, Rancourt D, Clegg DO, Stewart R, Thomson JA, Chu LF. Efficient derivation of transgene-free porcine induced pluripotent stem cells enables in vitro modeling of species-specific developmental timing. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2328-2343. [PMID: 37949072 PMCID: PMC10724057 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sus scrofa domesticus (pig) has served as a superb large mammalian model for biomedical studies because of its comparable physiology and organ size to humans. The derivation of transgene-free porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (PiPSCs) will, therefore, benefit the development of porcine-specific models for regenerative biology and its medical applications. In the past, this effort has been hampered by a lack of understanding of the signaling milieu that stabilizes the porcine pluripotent state in vitro. Here, we report that transgene-free PiPSCs can be efficiently derived from porcine fibroblasts by episomal vectors along with microRNA-302/367 using optimized protocols tailored for this species. PiPSCs can be differentiated into derivatives representing the primary germ layers in vitro and can form teratomas in immunocompromised mice. Furthermore, the transgene-free PiPSCs preserve intrinsic species-specific developmental timing in culture, known as developmental allochrony. This is demonstrated by establishing a porcine in vitro segmentation clock model that, for the first time, displays a specific periodicity at ∼3.7 h, a timescale recapitulating in vivo porcine somitogenesis. We conclude that the transgene-free PiPSCs can serve as a powerful tool for modeling development and disease and developing transplantation strategies. We also anticipate that they will provide insights into conserved and unique features on the regulations of mammalian pluripotency and developmental timing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vanessa Conrad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Susanne Meyer
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Pranav S Ramesh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jaime A Neira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Margaret Rusteika
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Daniel Mamott
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Bret Duffin
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Monica Bautista
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jue Zhang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Emily Hiles
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eve M Higgins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - John Steill
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jack Freeman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Zijian Ni
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Derrick Rancourt
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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4
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Jara TC, Park K, Vahmani P, Van Eenennaam AL, Smith LR, Denicol AC. Stem cell-based strategies and challenges for production of cultivated meat. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:841-853. [PMID: 37845547 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat scale-up and industrial production will require multiple stable cell lines from different species to recreate the organoleptic and nutritional properties of meat from livestock. In this Review, we explore the potential of stem cells to create the major cellular components of cultivated meat. By using developments in the fields of tissue engineering and biomedicine, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of strategies involving primary adult and pluripotent stem cells for generating cell sources that can be grown at scale. These myogenic, adipogenic or extracellular matrix-producing adult stem cells as well as embryonic or inducible pluripotent stem cells are discussed for their proliferative and differentiation capacity, necessary for cultivated meat. We examine the challenges for industrial scale-up, including differentiation and culture protocols, as well as genetic modification options for stem cell immortalization and controlled differentiation. Finally, we discuss stem cell-related safety and regulatory challenges for bringing cultivated meat to the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Jara
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Park
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A L Van Eenennaam
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L R Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - A C Denicol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Zhou M, Zhang M, Guo T, Zhao L, Guo X, Yin Z, Cheng L, Liu H, Zhao L, Li X, Li R. Species origin of exogenous transcription factors affects the activation of endogenous pluripotency markers and signaling pathways of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196273. [PMID: 37152293 PMCID: PMC10160484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The incomplete silencing of exogenous transcription factors (TFs) and the lack of endogenous counterpart activation hampers the application of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). We used porcine, bovine and murine TFs to reprogram porcine fetal fibroblasts. Porcine TFs-derived piPSCs (ppiPSCs) showed the highest levels of endogenous pluripotency markers activation, were able to differentiate into three germ layers and primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) and integrated into neural ectoderm of E7.5 mouse embryos in vitro. The bovine TFs derived piPSCs (bpiPSCs) expressed endogenous pluripotency markers higher than murine TFs derived piPSCs (mpiPSCs), but both had limited differentiation ability in vitro and depended on continuous expression of exogenous TFs for the maintenance. RNA sequencing confirmed ppiPSCs had distinct global transcriptional profiling, upregulated Hippo, PI3K-Akt, MAPK and relevant pluripotency signaling pathways as porcine blastocyst inner cell mass and expressed PGC early related genes. In addition, a positive and a negative correlation between exogenous and endogenous TFs' expression level were observed in ppiPSCs and bpiPSCs lines, respectively. The TFs' protein structures in pig were more similar to cattle than to mouse. In conclusion, the species affinity of the exogenous TFs is a key element, and the own species origin of TFs is optimal for iPSCs generation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyun Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linxin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongfeng Li,
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6
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Recchia K, Pessôa LVDF, Pieri NCG, Pires PRL, Bressan FF. Influence of Cell Type in In Vitro Induced Reprogramming in Cattle. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1139. [PMID: 36013318 PMCID: PMC9409886 DOI: 10.3390/life12081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been considered an essential tool in stem cell research due to their potential to develop new therapies and technologies and answer essential questions about mammalian early development. An important step in generating iPSCs is selecting their precursor cell type, influencing the reprogramming efficiency and maintenance in culture. In this study, we aim to characterize bovine mesenchymal cells from adipose tissue (bAdMSCs) and fetal fibroblasts (bFFs) and to compare the reprogramming efficiency of these cells when induced to pluripotency. The cells were characterized by immunostaining (CD90, SSEA1, SSEA3, and SSEA4), induced differentiation in vitro, proliferation rates, and were subjected to cell reprogramming using the murine OSKM transcription factors. The bFFs presented morphological changes resembling pluripotent cells after reprogramming and culture with different supplementation, and putative iPSCs were characterized by immunostaining (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and AP). In the present study, we demonstrated that cell line origin and cellular proliferation rate are determining factors for reprogramming cells into pluripotency. The generation of biPSCs is a valuable tool to improve both translational medicine and animal production and to study the different supplements required to maintain the pluripotency of bovine cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiana Recchia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Vicari de Figueiredo Pessôa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.V.d.F.P.); (N.C.G.P.); (P.R.L.P.)
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.V.d.F.P.); (N.C.G.P.); (P.R.L.P.)
| | - Pedro Ratto Lisboa Pires
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.V.d.F.P.); (N.C.G.P.); (P.R.L.P.)
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.V.d.F.P.); (N.C.G.P.); (P.R.L.P.)
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7
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Recchia K, Machado LS, Botigelli RC, Pieri NCG, Barbosa G, de Castro RVG, Marques MG, Pessôa LVDF, Fantinato Neto P, Meirelles FV, Souza AFD, Martins SMMK, Bressan FF. In vitro induced pluripotency from urine-derived cells in porcine. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:231-244. [PMID: 35432738 PMCID: PMC8968213 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has been a game-changer in translational and regenerative medicine; however, their large-scale applicability is still hampered by the scarcity of accessible, safe, and reproducible protocols. The porcine model is a large biomedical model that enables translational applications, including gene editing, long term in vivo and offspring analysis; therefore, suitable for both medicine and animal production.
AIM To reprogramme in vitro into pluripotency, and herein urine-derived cells (UDCs) were isolated from porcine urine.
METHODS The UDCs were reprogrammed in vitro using human or murine octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), SRY-box2 (SOX2), Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and C-MYC, and cultured with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplementation. To characterize the putative porcine iPSCs three clonal lineages were submitted to immunocytochemistry for alkaline phosphatase (AP), OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, TRA1 81 and SSEA 1 detection. Endogenous transcripts related to the pluripotency (OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG) were analyzed via reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in different time points during the culture, and all three lineages formed embryoid bodies (EBs) when cultured in suspension without bFGF supplementation.
RESULTS The UDCs were isolated from swine urine samples and when at passage 2 submitted to in vitro reprogramming. Colonies of putative iPSCs were obtained only from UDCs transduced with the murine factors (mOSKM), but not from human factors (hOSKM). Three clonal lineages were isolated and further cultured for at least 28 passages, all the lineages were positive for AP detection, the OCT4, SOX2, NANOG markers, albeit the immunocytochemical analysis also revealed heterogeneous phenotypic profiles among lineages and passages for NANOG and SSEA1, similar results were observed in the abundance of the endogenous transcripts related to pluripotent state. All the clonal lineages when cultured in suspension without bFGF were able to form EBs expressing ectoderm and mesoderm layers transcripts.
CONCLUSION For the first time UDCs were isolated in the swine model and reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state, enabling new numerous applications in both human or veterinary regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiana Recchia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simões Machado
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Groke Marques
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Concordia 89715-899, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Laís Vicari de Figueiredo Pessôa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Yuen JSK, Stout AJ, Kawecki NS, Letcher SM, Theodossiou SK, Cohen JM, Barrick BM, Saad MK, Rubio NR, Pietropinto JA, DiCindio H, Zhang SW, Rowat AC, Kaplan DL. Perspectives on scaling production of adipose tissue for food applications. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121273. [PMID: 34933254 PMCID: PMC8725203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising global demand for food proteins and significant environmental impact associated with conventional animal agriculture, it is important to develop sustainable alternatives to supplement existing meat production. Since fat is an important contributor to meat flavor, recapitulating this component in meat alternatives such as plant based and cell cultured meats is important. Here, we discuss the topic of cell cultured or tissue engineered fat, growing adipocytes in vitro that could imbue meat alternatives with the complex flavor and aromas of animal meat. We outline potential paths for the large scale production of in vitro cultured fat, including adipogenic precursors during cell proliferation, methods to adipogenically differentiate cells at scale, as well as strategies for converting differentiated adipocytes into 3D cultured fat tissues. We showcase the maturation of knowledge and technology behind cell sourcing and scaled proliferation, while also highlighting that adipogenic differentiation and 3D adipose tissue formation at scale need further research. We also provide some potential solutions for achieving adipose cell differentiation and tissue formation at scale based on contemporary research and the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - N Stephanie Kawecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophia M Letcher
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Julian M Cohen
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, 925 N Mills Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Brigid M Barrick
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Natalie R Rubio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jaymie A Pietropinto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hailey DiCindio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sabrina W Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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9
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Chakritbudsabong W, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Sariya L, Pamonsupornvichit S, Ferreira JN, Sukho P, Gronsang D, Tharasanit T, Dinnyes A, Rungarunlert S. Exogenous LIN28 Is Required for the Maintenance of Self-Renewal and Pluripotency in Presumptive Porcine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709286. [PMID: 34354993 PMCID: PMC8329718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine species have been used in preclinical transplantation models for assessing the efficiency and safety of transplants before their application in human trials. Porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) are traditionally established using four transcription factors (4TF): OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC. However, the inefficiencies in the reprogramming of piPSCs and the maintenance of their self-renewal and pluripotency remain challenges to be resolved. LIN28 was demonstrated to play a vital role in the induction of pluripotency in humans. To investigate whether this factor is similarly required by piPSCs, the effects of adding LIN28 to the 4TF induction method (5F approach) on the efficiency of piPSC reprogramming and maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency were examined. Using a retroviral vector, porcine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with human OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC with or without LIN28. The colony morphology and chromosomal stability of these piPSC lines were examined and their pluripotency properties were characterized by investigating both their expression of pluripotency-associated genes and proteins and in vitro and in vivo differentiation capabilities. Alkaline phosphatase assay revealed the reprogramming efficiencies to be 0.33 and 0.17% for the 4TF and 5TF approaches, respectively, but the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency until passage 40 was 6.67 and 100%, respectively. Most of the 4TF-piPSC colonies were flat in shape, showed weak positivity for alkaline phosphatase, and expressed a significantly high level of SSEA-4 protein, except for one cell line (VSMUi001-A) whose properties were similar to those of the 5TF-piPSCs; that is, tightly packed and dome-like in shape, markedly positive for alkaline phosphatase, and expressing endogenous pluripotency genes (pOCT4, pSOX2, pNANOG, and pLIN28), significantly high levels of pluripotent proteins (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28, and SSEA-1), and a significantly low level of SSEA-4 protein. VSMUi001-A and all 5F-piPSC lines formed embryoid bodies, underwent spontaneous cardiogenic differentiation with cardiac beating, expressed cardiomyocyte markers, and developed teratomas. In conclusion, in addition to the 4TF, LIN28 is required for the effective induction of piPSCs and the maintenance of their long-term self-renewal and pluripotency toward the development of all germ layers. These piPSCs have the potential applicability for veterinary science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warunya Chakritbudsabong
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MOZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MOZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sirikron Pamonsupornvichit
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MOZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panithi Sukho
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dulyatad Gronsang
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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10
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Setthawong P, Phakdeedindan P, Techakumphu M, Tharasanit T. Molecular signature and colony morphology affect in vitro pluripotency of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1104-1116. [PMID: 34013645 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Overall efficiency of cell reprogramming for porcine fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is currently poor, and few cell lines have been established. This study examined gene expression during early phase of cellular reprogramming in the relationship to the iPSC colony morphology and in vitro pluripotent characteristics. Fibroblasts were reprogrammed with OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. Two different colony morphologies referred to either compact (n = 10) or loose (n = 10) colonies were further examined for proliferative activity, gene expression and in vitro pluripotency. A total of 1,697 iPSC-like colonies (2.34%) were observed after gene transduction. The compact colonies contained with tightly packed cells with a distinct-clear border between the colony and feeder cells, while loose colonies demonstrated irregular colony boundary. For quantitative expression of genes responsible for early phase cell reprogramming, the Dppa2 and EpCAM were significantly upregulated while NR0B1 was downregulated in compact colonies compared with loose phenotype (p < .05). Higher proportion of compact iPSC phenotype (5 of 10, 50%) could be maintained in undifferentiated state for more than 50 passages compared unfavourably with loose morphology (3 of 10, 30%). All iPS cell lines obtained from these two types of colony morphologies expressed pluripotent genes and proteins (OCT4, NANOG and E-cadherin). In addition, they could aggregate and form three-dimensional structure of embryoid bodies. However, only compact iPSC colonies differentiated into three germ layers. Molecular signature of early phase of cell reprogramming coupled with primary colony morphology reflected the in vitro pluripotency of porcine iPSCs. These findings can be simply applied for pre-screening selection of the porcine iPSC cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyathip Setthawong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praopilas Phakdeedindan
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Techakumphu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,CU-Animal Fertility Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Chen F, Shi D, Zou L, Yang X, Qiao S, Zhang R, Yang S, Deng Y. Two Small Molecule Inhibitors Promote Reprogramming of Guangxi Bama Mini-Pig Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Naive-Like State Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:158-167. [PMID: 33956517 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Past researches have shown that pluripotency maintenance of naive and primed-state pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) depends on different signaling pathways, and naive-state PSCs possess the ability to produce chimeras when they are introduced into a blastocyst. Considering porcine is an attractive model for preclinical studies, many researches about pig induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) have been reported. Some cytokines and small molecule compounds could transform primed piPSCs into naive state. However, there are no suitable culture conditions for generation of naive-state piPSCs with high efficiency; other small molecule compounds need further exploration. In this study, we investigated whether p38 MAPK and JNK signal pathway inhibitor SB203580 and SP600125 could be of benefit for acquiring naive-state piPSCs. By comparing reprogramming efficiencies under conditions of different donor cells and culture environment, we found that porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) have higher efficiency on piPSC induction, and the culture condition of CHIR99021+PD0325901(2i)+Lif+bFGF is more suitable for subculturing of piPSCs. Our results also indicate that SB203580 and SP600125 could promote reprogramming of PBMSCs into naive-like state piPSCs. These results provide guidance for choosing donor cells, culture conditions, and research of different state iPSCs during the process of reprogramming pig somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiu Zou
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Shuye Qiao
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Ruimen Zhang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Sufang Yang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China.,International Zhuang Medical Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University Chinese Medicine, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
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12
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Su Y, Zhu J, Salman S, Tang Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells from farm animals. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5937369. [PMID: 33098420 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has revolutionized the world on the establishment of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) across a great variety of animal species. Generation of iPSCs from domesticated animals would provide unrestricted cell resources for the study of embryonic development and cell differentiation of these species, for screening and establishing desired traits for sustainable agricultural production, and as veterinary and preclinical therapeutic tools for animal and human diseases. Induced PSCs from domesticated animals thus harbor enormous scientific, economical, and societal values. Although much progress has been made toward the generation of PSCs from these species, major obstacles remain precluding the exclamation of the establishment of bona fide iPSCs. The most prominent of them remain the inability of these cells to silence exogenous reprogramming factors, the obvious reliance on exogenous factors for their self-renewal, and the restricted development potential in vivo. In this review, we summarize the history and current progress in domestic farm animal iPSC generation, with a focus on swine, ruminants (cattle, ovine, and caprine), horses, and avian species (quails and chickens). We also discuss the problems associated with the farm animal iPSCs and potential future directions toward the complete reprogramming of somatic cells from farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Saleh Salman
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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13
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Kumar D, Talluri TR, Selokar NL, Hyder I, Kues WA. Perspectives of pluripotent stem cells in livestock. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1-29. [PMID: 33584977 PMCID: PMC7859985 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent progress in derivation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from farm animals opens new approaches not only for reproduction, genetic engineering, treatment and conservation of these species, but also for screening novel drugs for their efficacy and toxicity, and modelling of human diseases. Initial attempts to derive PSCs from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stages in farm animals were largely unsuccessful as either the cells survived for only a few passages, or lost their cellular potency; indicating that the protocols which allowed the derivation of murine or human embryonic stem (ES) cells were not sufficient to support the maintenance of ES cells from farm animals. This scenario changed by the innovation of induced pluripotency and by the development of the 3 inhibitor culture conditions to support naïve pluripotency in ES cells from livestock species. However, the long-term culture of livestock PSCs while maintaining the full pluripotency is still challenging, and requires further refinements. Here, we review the current achievements in the derivation of PSCs from farm animals, and discuss the potential application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India.
| | - Thirumala R Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner 334001, India
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Iqbal Hyder
- Department of Physiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram 521102, India
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Department of Biotechnology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Institute of Animal Health, Neustadt 31535, Germany
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14
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Scarfone RA, Pena SM, Russell KA, Betts DH, Koch TG. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals: a narrative review. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:477. [PMID: 33292200 PMCID: PMC7722595 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are undifferentiated stem cells characterized by the ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. iPSCs are a relatively new and rapidly developing technology in many fields of biology, including developmental anatomy and physiology, pathology, and toxicology. These cells have great potential in research as they are self-renewing and pluripotent with minimal ethical concerns. Protocols for their production have been developed for many domestic animal species, which have since been used to further our knowledge in the progression and treatment of diseases. This research is valuable both for veterinary medicine as well as for the prospect of translation to human medicine. Safety, cost, and feasibility are potential barriers for this technology that must be considered before widespread clinical adoption. This review will analyze the literature pertaining to iPSCs derived from various domestic species with a focus on iPSC production and characterization, applications for tissue and disease research, and applications for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Scarfone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Samantha M Pena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Keith A Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dean H Betts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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15
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Machado LS, Pieri NCG, Botigelli RC, de Castro RVG, de Souza AF, Bridi A, Lima MA, Fantinato Neto P, Pessôa LVDF, Martins SMMK, De Andrade AFC, Freude KK, Bressan FF. Generation of neural progenitor cells from porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1880-1891. [PMID: 33049106 DOI: 10.1002/term.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, porcine embryonic fibroblasts (pEFs) were reprogrammed into porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) using either human or mouse specific sequences for the OCT4, SOX2, c-Myc, and KLF4 transcription factors. In total, three pEFs lines were reprogrammed, cultured for at least 15 passages, and characterized regarding their pluripotency status (alkaline phosphatase expression, embryoid body formation, expression of exogenous and endogenous genes, and immunofluorescence). Two piPSC lines were further differentiated, using chemical inhibitors, into putative neural progenitor-like (NPC-like) cells with subsequent analyses of their morphology and expression of neural markers such as NESTIN and GFAP as well as immunofluorescent labeling of NESTIN, β-TUBULIN III, and VIMENTIN. NPC-like cells were positive for all the neural markers tested. These results evidence of the generation of porcine NPC-like cells after in vitro induction with chemical inhibitors, representing an adequate model for future regenerative and translational medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Simões Machado
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos Guimarães de Castro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bridi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Marina Amaro Lima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Laís Vicari de Figueiredo Pessôa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - André Furugen Cesar De Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kristine Karla Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Bressan FF, Bassanezze V, de Figueiredo Pessôa LV, Sacramento CB, Malta TM, Kashima S, Fantinato Neto P, Strefezzi RDF, Pieri NCG, Krieger JE, Covas DT, Meirelles FV. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from large domestic animals. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:247. [PMID: 32586372 PMCID: PMC7318412 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enormous potential in developmental biology studies and in cellular therapies. Although extensively studied and characterized in human and murine models, iPSCs from animals other than mice lack reproducible results. METHODS Herein, we describe the generation of robust iPSCs from equine and bovine cells through lentiviral transduction of murine or human transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc and from human and murine cells using similar protocols, even when different supplementations were used. The iPSCs were analyzed regarding morphology, gene and protein expression of pluripotency factors, alkaline phosphatase detection, and spontaneous and induced differentiation. RESULTS Although embryonic-derived stem cells are yet not well characterized in domestic animals, generation of iPS cells from these species is possible through similar protocols used for mouse or human cells, enabling the use of pluripotent cells from large animals for basic or applied purposes. Herein, we also infer that bovine iPS (biPSCs) exhibit similarity to mouse iPSCs (miPSCs), whereas equine iPSs (eiPSCs) to human (hiPSCs). CONCLUSIONS The generation of reproducible protocols in different animal species will provide an informative tool for producing in vitro autologous pluripotent cells from domestic animals. These cells will create new opportunities in animal breeding through transgenic technology and will support a new era of translational medicine with large animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Bassanezze
- Heart Institute (INCOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Present Address: Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Laís Vicari de Figueiredo Pessôa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chester Bittencourt Sacramento
- Heart Institute (INCOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Present Address: Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Tathiane Maistro Malta
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo De Francisco Strefezzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- Heart Institute (INCOR), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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17
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Transcriptomic profiling of porcine pluripotency identifies species-specific reprogramming requirements for culturing iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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18
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Hyttel P, de Figueiredo Pessôa LV, Secher JBM, Dittlau KS, Freude K, Hall VJ, Fair T, Assey RJ, Laurincik J, Callesen H, Greve T, Stroebech LB. Oocytes, embryos and pluripotent stem cells from a biomedical perspective. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:508-523. [PMID: 32435294 PMCID: PMC7234146 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The veterinary and animal science professions are rapidly developing and their inherent and historical connection to agriculture is challenged by more biomedical and medical directions of research. While some consider this development as a risk of losing identity, it may also be seen as an opportunity for developing further and more sophisticated competences that may ultimately feed back to veterinary and animal science in a synergistic way. The present review describes how agriculture-related studies on bovine in vitro embryo production through studies of putative bovine and porcine embryonic stem cells led the way to more sophisticated studies of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using e.g. gene editing for modeling of neurodegeneration in man. However, instead of being a blind diversion from veterinary and animal science into medicine, these advanced studies of human iPSC-derived neurons build a set of competences that allowed us, in a more competent way, to focus on novel aspects of more veterinary and agricultural relevance in the form of porcine and canine iPSCs. These types of animal stem cells are of biomedical importance for modeling of iPSC-based therapy in man, but in particular the canine iPSCs are also important for understanding and modeling canine diseases, as e.g. canine cognitive dysfunction, for the benefit and therapy of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa J Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Remmy John Assey
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
| | - Jozef Laurincik
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia.,The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Pessôa LVDF, Bressan FF, Freude KK. Induced pluripotent stem cells throughout the animal kingdom: Availability and applications. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:491-505. [PMID: 31523369 PMCID: PMC6716087 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i8.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Up until the mid 2000s, the capacity to generate every cell of an organism was exclusive to embryonic stem cells. In 2006, researchers Takahashi and Yamanaka developed an alternative method of generating embryonic-like stem cells from adult cells, which they coined induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Such iPSCs possess most of the advantages of embryonic stem cells without the ethical stigma associated with derivation of the latter. The possibility of generating “custom-made” pluripotent cells, ideal for patient-specific disease models, alongside their possible applications in regenerative medicine and reproduction, has drawn a lot of attention to the field with numbers of iPSC studies published growing exponentially. IPSCs have now been generated for a wide variety of species, including but not limited to, mouse, human, primate, wild felines, bovines, equines, birds and rodents, some of which still lack well-established embryonic stem cell lines. The paucity of robust characterization of some of these iPSC lines as well as the residual expression of transgenes involved in the reprogramming process still hampers the use of such cells in species preservation or medical research, underscoring the requirement for further investigations. Here, we provide an extensive overview of iPSC generated from a broad range of animal species including their potential applications and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Vicari de Figueiredo Pessôa
- Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Section for Pathobiological Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kristine Karla Freude
- Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Section for Pathobiological Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
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Generation of pig induced pluripotent stem cells using an extended pluripotent stem cell culture system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:193. [PMID: 31248457 PMCID: PMC6598264 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pigs have emerged as one of the most popular large animal models in biomedical research, which in many cases is considered as a superior choice over rodent models. In addition, transplantation studies using pig pluripotent stem (PS) cell derivatives may serve as a testbed for safety and efficacy prior to human trials. Recently, it has been shown that mouse and human PS cells cultured in LCDM (recombinant human LIF, CHIR 99021, (S)-(+)-dimethindene maleate, minocycline hydrochloride) medium exhibited extended developmental potential (designated as extended pluripotent stem cells, or EPS cells), which could generate both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in chimeric mouse conceptus. Whether stable pig induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated in LCDM medium and their chimeric competency remains unknown. Methods iPS cells were generated by infecting pig pericytes (PC) and embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) with a retroviral vector encoding Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc reprogramming factors and subsequently cultured in a modified LCDM medium. The pluripotency of PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells was characterized by examining the expression of pluripotency-related transcription factors and surface markers, transcriptome analysis, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation capabilities. Chimeric contribution of PC-iPS cells to mouse and pig conceptus was also evaluated with fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and PCR analysis. Results In this study, using a modified version of the LCDM medium, we successfully generated iPS cells from both PCs and PEFs. Both PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells maintained the stable “dome-shaped” morphology and genome stability after long-term culture. The immunocytochemistry analyses revealed that both PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells expressed OCT4, SOX2, and SALL4, but only PC-iPS cells expressed NANOG and TRA-1-81 (faint). PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells could be differentiated into cell derivatives of all three primary germ layers in vitro. The transcriptome analysis showed that PEF-iPS and PC-iPS cells clustered with pig ICM, Heatmap and volcano plot showed that there were 1475 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PC-iPS and PEF-iPS cells (adjusted p value < 0.1), and the numbers of upregulated genes and downregulated genes in PC-iPS cells were 755 and 720, respectively. Upregulated genes were enriched with GO terms including regulation of stem cell differentiation, proliferation, development, and maintenance. And KEGG pathway enrichment in upregulated genes revealed Wnt, Jak-STAT, TGF-β, P53, and MAPK stem cell signaling pathways. Fluorescence microscopy and genomic PCR analyses using pig mtDNA-specific and GFP primers showed that the PC-iPS cell derivatives could be detected in both mouse and pig pre-implantation blastocysts and post-implantation conceptuses. Quantitative analysis via flow cytometry revealed that the chimeric contribution of pig PC-iPS cells in mouse conceptus was up to 0.04%. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that stable iPS cells could be generated in LCDM medium, which could give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic cells in vivo. However, the efficiency and level of chimeric contribution of pig LCDM-iPS cells were found low. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1303-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Yuan Y, Park J, Tian Y, Choi J, Pasquariello R, Alexenko AP, Dai A, Behura SK, Roberts RM, Ezashi T. A six-inhibitor culture medium for improving naïve-type pluripotency of porcine pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:104. [PMID: 31240131 PMCID: PMC6579764 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding essential signaling network requirements and making appropriate adjustments in culture conditions are crucial if porcine pluripotent stem cells (PSC) are to achieve their full potential. Here, we first used two protein factors (LIF and FGF2) and kinase inhibitor combinations in attempts to convert primed type lentiviral-reprogrammed porcine induced PSC (Lv-piPSC) into naïve-like state and developed a medium called FL6i. In addition to FGF2 and LIF, this medium contained inhibitors of MAPK14, MAPK8, TGFB1, MAP2K1, GSK3A and BMP. Crucially, the usual TGFB1 and BMP4 protein components of many stem cell media were replaced in FL6i with inhibitors of TGFB1 and BMP. With this medium, Lv-piPSC were readily transformed from their original primed state into cells that formed colonies with typical features of naïve-state stem cells. The FL6i medium also assisted generation of naïve-type piPSC lines from porcine embryonic fibroblasts with non-integrating episomal plasmids (Epi-piPSC). These lines, despite retaining variable amounts of vector DNA, expressed higher endogenous pPOU5F1 and pSOX2 than Lv-piPSC. They have been cultured without obvious morphological change for >45 passages and retained pluripotent phenotypes in terms of upregulation of genes associated with pluripotency, low expression of genes linked to emergence of somatic cell lineages, and ability to generate well differentiated teratomas in immune-compromised mice. FL6i conditions, therefore, appear to support elevated pluripotent phenotypes. However, FL6i was less able to support the generation of embryonic stem cells from porcine blastocysts. Although colonies with dome-shaped morphologies were evident and the cells had some gene expression features linked to pluripotency, the phenotypes were ultimately not stable. Pathway analysis derived from RNAseq data performed on the various cell lines generated in this study suggest the benefits of employing the FL6i medium on porcine cells reside in its ability to minimize TGFB1 and BMP signaling, which would otherwise de-stabilize the stem cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- 1Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.,2Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.,3Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, CO 80124 USA
| | - Jinkyu Park
- 1Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.,2Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.,4Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Yuchen Tian
- 1Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- 5Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Rolando Pasquariello
- 3Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, CO 80124 USA.,6Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milano, 20133 Italy
| | - Andrei P Alexenko
- 1Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.,2Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Aihua Dai
- 1Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Susanta K Behura
- 2Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - R Michael Roberts
- 1Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.,2Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- 1Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.,2Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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